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The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, found in human microbiota, in certain circumstances may cause simple through serious infections, and is counted as the most virulent in its genus. Its enormous capacity of adaptation and resistance to majority of antimicrobials, place it among the most important group in nosocomial infections. The quantity of nosocomial infections is increasing every day, generating a treatment cost three times bigger than in patients without infection and is defined by Healthy Ministry as infections acquired after patient admission in the hospital and that manifest during internment or after discharge from hospital, when could be related to internment or nosocomial procedures. This paper is a bibliographic revision of last five years, based on main electronic libraries and databases of the world, about Staphylococcus aureus, with the purpose of update healthy professionals and identify the importance of its methicillin-resistant form in nosocomial infections. Human and financial costs and prevention steps against this agent were also approached, objectifying put in relief the necessity of developing of new antibiotics and investment in new researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]