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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) has serious environmental implications due to its high organic matter content, particularly its phenolic compounds. Using OMW in crop protection has been suggested as an environmentally friendly alternative to reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of fresh and stored OMW, as well as its ethyl acetate extract, against several phytopathogenic fungi: Syncephalastrum racemosum, Paramyrothecium roridum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae. OMW was stored at 25 °C and 45 °C for three months, and both fresh and stored OMW were used in non-sterile, sterile, and centrifuged conditions. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were extracted and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results showed that fresh OMW and its derivative compounds significantly inhibited the studied fungi. In contrast, OMW storage, sterilization, and centrifugation increased the mycelium growth of the fungi, particularly S. racemosum, which demonstrated relative resistance to stored OMW and its ethyl acetate extract. During storage, some phenolic and flavonoid compounds disappeared (resorcinol and vanillic acid), while the concentration of others increased (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin). This work highlights the potential use of fresh OMW as a bio-agent to protect plants from fungal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination between anticancer drugs and natural products has a great attention aiming at exploiting their efficiency and reducing systemic toxicity. Subsequently, the current study was constructed to evaluate the potential curative role of crude Sepia ink extract (SIE) and Ellagic acid (EA) against cyclophosphamide (CP) toxicity. Male albino rats were divided into five groups (n = 10). All groups except group I received CP. Group I served as control group, group II received a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and served as CP group, rats of group III received CP + SIE (200 mg/kg body weight), group IV received CP + EA (60 mg/kg) and group V received CP + SIE (200 mg/kg body weight) + EA (60 mg/kg). Data showed that, CP administration significantly decreased RBCs, WBCs, PLTs count, PCV% and Hb content. Post administration of SIE and EA caused a significant elevation in the hematological values. Also, SIE and EA treated groups reduced the hepatic and renal toxicity induced by CP treatment, where liver and kidney functions (AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and uric acid) significantly decrease. On the other hand, serum albumin and T. protein levels increased compared to CP treated groups. The current results revealed that CP induced hematological alterations and various tissues injury. Natural products as SIE and EA eliminated the CP toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]