1. Integration of the metabolic/redox state, histone gene switching, DNA replication and S-phase progression by moonlighting metabolic enzymes
- Author
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Mei Chin Lee, Hongpeng He, Lei Zheng, Li Ling Zheng, and Yan Luo
- Subjects
Protein moonlighting ,Cytoplasm ,lcsh:Life ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,HDAC, histone deacetylase ,OCA-S, Oct-1 co-activator in the S-phase ,Review Article ,SLBP, stem–loop-binding protein ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Microbiology ,S Phase ,Histones ,Transcription (biology) ,Histone methylation ,nm23, non-metastasis 23 ,chromosome ,Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase ,ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated ,LDH, lactate dehydrogenase ,GAPDH ,Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases ,H2B, histone 2B ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,RNAi, RNA interference ,Histone ,GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,Histone methyltransferase ,histone 2B ,NPAT, nuclear protein, ataxia-telangiectasia locus ,ATR, ataxia telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related ,Oxidation-Reduction ,DNA Replication ,awd, abnormal wing disc ,S-phase ,dm, Drosophila melanogaster ,MMC, mammalian metabolic cycle ,Biophysics ,Biology ,S4 ,PIKK, phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase ,Histone H2A ,Humans ,DSB, double-strand break ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Nucleus ,HAT, histone acetyl transferase ,L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ,DNA replication ,Cell Biology ,CBP, CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein ,NAD ,YMC, yeast metabolic cycle ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,enzyme ,biology.protein ,Tip60, Tat (transactivator of transcription)-interactive protein 60 kDa ,HU, hydroxyurea - Abstract
The concept of one-protein–multiple-function, i.e. moonlighting proteins, is an ever-expanding paradigm. We obtained compelling evidence that an array of ‘cytoplasmic’ metabolic enzymes can enter the nuclei to carry out moonlighting transcription functions; this phenomenon is conserved from Drosophila to humans. Of particular interest are the classical glycolytic enzymes GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), which utilize NAD(H) as coenzymes and not only moonlight (in their nuclear forms) to regulate the transcription of S-phase-specific histone genes, but also act as metabolic/redox sensors that link histone gene switching to DNA replication and S-phase progression.
- Published
- 2013
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