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This study examined how three champion principals of Asian language dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs—Cantonese, Korean, and Mandarin—in California have navigated the oscillating language-in-education policies after the Lau decision. We explored principals' various roles through a lens of agency in a social justice leadership framework, specifically considering the opportunities and challenges for agentive leadership from three different phases: foregrounding and engaging, planning and implementing, and evaluating and sustaining. Findings demonstrate that the success of DLBE programs goes beyond the overarching language policies that supposedly enable bilingual education; rather it hinges on the bottom-up commitment, collaboration and resilience of principals, teachers, and parent communities. The blanket policies at the state level often overlooked Asian languages and the unique needs of Asian teachers and communities in DLBE schools, limiting principal agency. Within these confines, principals consistently engaged in advocacy work, such as in teacher recruitment, hiring and work distribution, and curriculum design and assessment, contributing to the growth and sustainability of their programs. By elevating these champions and their experiences and perspectives, this study reflects upon the politicized path to bilingual education 50 years after the Lau case and contributes valuable insights to inform future implementational research, practice, and policy, ensuring the continued flourishing of Asian language bilingual education for the growing constituency of Asian-identifying students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accumulating evidence shows that the home literacy environment (HLE) has a potent and early influence on children's language and literacy development. However, there is a more limited understanding of HLE and its contribution to children's outcomes for simultaneous bilingual children exposed to two languages at home, particularly in the Asian context. Methods: In this study with 801 six‐year‐old bilingual learners, HLE and language and literacy outcomes were examined in two languages. Children were assessed in their receptive vocabulary, reading and spelling abilities for English plus their ethnic Asian language (Mandarin Chinese, Malay or Tamil) for a subsample of 374 children. Results: Results from factor analyses suggest that HLE for each language within families had a different latent structure, with three to four factors for English (parent involvement, parent habit, child exploration and shared reading) and three factors for the Asian language (parent involvement, parent habit and child interest). Further path analyses show that shared reading had a negative contribution to English outcomes but a positive influence on Asian language outcomes. Conclusions: Findings extend existing understanding of HLE structure for bilingual language learners from bilingual families. HLE components contributed differently to bilingual language outcomes, with positive contributions of child exploration to English outcomes and of parent habits including shared reading to Asian language outcomes. Negative relationships for shared reading to English outcomes are also evident and suggest that further research on the long‐term effects of HLE is needed. Highlights: What is already known about this topic The home literacy environment (HLE) impacts child language and literacy development.There are similarities and uniqueness in HLE across cultural and language contexts.Informal and formal home literacy activities relate differentially to child outcomes. What this paper adds Bilingual families structure the HLE differently across their two languages.HLE factors affect bilingual children's language outcomes differentially, reflecting the broader cultural and educational context. Implications for theory, policy or practice Shared book reading may support children's language and literacy growth up to a point when they start to read independently.Home literacy activities in bilingual children's weaker or nondominant language are recommended in order to increase their proficiencies.Providing time and resources to build children's interest in independent literacy activities may further their literacy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores challenges and approaches associated with establishing initial teacher education for Asian languages in Ireland. This study identifies educational needs in the context of initial teacher education pathways through a three-year research project. It highlights the diversity in student cohorts, the demand for plurilingual and pluricultural awareness, and the need for alignment of teaching methodologies that would be effective in the Irish school context. Furthermore, it addresses the critical shortage of qualified teachers and makes recommendations for developing sustainable teacher supply chains. By analysing feedback from pre-service and in-service teachers, educational institutions, and policy frameworks, the paper aims to contribute to a discussion that would enhance the quality of and accessibility to Asian language education in Irish schools, ensuring it meets evolving educational and societal needs.

Languages of Central and East Asia are known for their large repertoires of ideophonic expressions of various kinds. In this paper, such expressions from multiple languages of the area will be discussed with a special emphasis on their morphosyntactic properties. The discussion will not be limited to only well studied languages such as Japanese and Korean, attention will also be given to less studied languages such as Khalkha Mongolian and Sibe, ideophonic expressions of which have not been widely written about. The properties of these words will be compared across languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates tone changes in Iu Mien, a Hmong-Mien language with two complex contour tones: high rising-falling (T3) and low rising-falling (T4). L-Thongkum (1988) observed younger speakers producing rising variants of T3 and T4, which she attributed to Thai contact. This study replicates L-Thongkum’s study 34 years later to observe tone changes in real time and examine the potential role of peak delay, a phonetic bias resulting in a later f0 peak. 40 speakers (ages 12-84) produced T3 and T4 monosyllables in isolation and in a carrier phrase. f0 was modeled using Generalized Additive Mixed Modeling (GAMM). Results confirm incremental change toward rising variants of T3 and T4. Older speakers showed peak delay (with more of a rising contour) under conditions of shorter duration and preceding low tone. Critically, younger speakers produced peak-delayed, rising variants in all conditions, indicating generalization of the rising contour. While language contact may have initiated the changes, a phonetic bias toward peak delay generated the seeds of potential change. The change from rising-falling > rising aligns with apparent-time studies in other Asian languages, suggesting this may be a crosslinguistically unidirectional pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of geographical variation of sibling term systems used in Asia and Africa, which are categorized based on distinctions of (1) relative age, (2) sex, and (3) relative sex. Experts in languages/language groups of Asia and Africa have analyzed and mapped these systems; using their findings, I created summative maps showing the geographical distributions of the system types based on rates (percentages) of each type. Type A (undifferentiated sibling type) is conspicuous in Africa. Type B (relative age type) is used in many languages in Africa and Southeast Asia. Type C (skewed age type) commands an absolute majority in languages of Northeast Asia and is also found in Southeast Asia. The change of Type A > Type B > Type C is inferred from these systems' distributions. Type D (age/sex type) is the only type in Sinitic, and has affected neighboring languages. Type E (brother/sister type) holds the vast majority in Semitic and South Asian languages and has affected surrounding languages. Type F (relative sex type) and its variations are found in peripheral languages in Asia and Africa; this might be the oldest type. This interpretation is supported by attested changes in Japonic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which expresses the views that stancetaking is a dynamic activity that is negotiated by participants in interaction, and that grammatical resources play an important role in this process.Topics include the stance triangle model, which provides a framework for understanding stancetaking; the importance of both situated interactions and situation-transcending practices; and use of grammatical resources for stancetaking in East and Southeast Asian languages.

Publications are not consistent in how they use Asian scripts and their romanizations. In the case of Chinese (though also applicable to other Asian languages), authors should take advantage of current digital technology by using characters in text to identify terms for readers who know Chinese, and only use romanization when they expect readers who do not read Chinese to know how to pronounce a key term. References should not duplicate characters with romanization, because the romanization serves neither the reader of Chinese nor the non-Chinese reader. Tone marks are generally not indicated for Mandarin, but are used for other topolects of Chinese. Romanization is appropriate for terms that are specific to a topolect or dialect. The use of romanization and characters should be guided by what is best for two types of readers: the reader of Chinese who can benefit from seeing the character, and the English reader who does not know Chinese and needs to be able to read key local terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's digital world, millions of individuals are linked to one another via the Internet and social media. This opens up new avenues for information exchange with others. Sentiment analysis (SA) has gotten a lot of attention during the last decade. We analyse the challenges of Sentiment Analysis (SA) in one of the Asian regional languages known as Marathi in this study by providing a benchmark setup in which we first produced an annotated dataset composed of Marathi text acquired from microblogging websites such as Twitter. We also choose domain experts to manually annotate Marathi microblogging posts with positive, negative, and neutral polarity. In addition, to show the efficient use of the annotated dataset, an ensemble-based model for sentiment analysis was created. In contrast to others machine learning classifier, we achieved better performance in terms of accuracy for ensemble classifier with 10-fold cross-validation (cv), outcomes as 97.77%, f-score is 97.89%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification is a method that assigns a specific category to each piece of written information. It is one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing that has a wide range of applications like spam detection, sentiment analysis, etc. One type of text classification is news classification which can help the reader to focus on news as per their choice. In this paper, we propose a novel method for multiclassification of Punjabi news articles using a pretrained language generation model based optimized and regularized long short-term memory model. The proposed method employs Averaged Stochastic Gradient Descent Weight-Dropped LSTM model, which uses a recurrent regularization technique known as DropConnect on hidden-to-hidden weights and a variant of the averaged stochastic gradient method wherein the averaging trigger is determined using a non-monotonic condition instead of being tuned by the user. The proposed news classification method works in three stages. In the first stage, we train a language model on Punjabi text acquired from Wikipedia, and in the second stage, we fine-tune the language model on the Punjabi news dataset. Finally, we train a classifier using the pretrained encoder part of the language model. The pretrained encoder part of the language model helps the classifier in the linguistic understanding of the text, resulting in better classification results on the text. The results obtained from the proposed work indicate that the proposed method outperforms the other direct methods of news classification, which are not using pretrained language generation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some languages, the direct object of transitive verbs can be dropped to remain phonetically unexpressed but identified by the verbal object agreement (OA) on verbs co-indexed with specified and definite antecedents. On the other hand, many languages allow the lexical object to be null without OA identification. In this paper, both types of null objects (NOs) are investigated cross-linguistically through comparing the Standard Arabic language with some other languages. It is worth mentioning that although some ancient and modern Arabic grammarians discuss NOs which are not identified by OA in Arabic and English articles and books, this is the first English article, as far as I know, which studies and compares both types of NOs in Standard Arabic with some South American, European, African and Asian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a theory of linearization in which the LCA (Kayne, The antisymmetry of syntax, MIT Press, 1994) linearizes one portion of the clause, with a secondary algorithm linearizing a second portion of the clause when the LCA-determined order of terminals would conflict with other principles of the morphosyntax. The empirical focus is the correspondence or lack thereof between scope and word order in Japanese, Tagalog, and English: for one portion of the clause, there is a strict correspondence between the linear order of certain elements and their scope, while for another portion of the clause, this correspondence breaks down. Given a theory of LCA-determined linear order and clause structure following Biberauer [Linguist Inq 45(2):169–225, 2014], alongside a restricted theory of reconstruction, we show that the portion of the clause for which the LCA determines linear order is that which displays the strict correspondence between linear order and scope, while that for which the secondary algorithm determines linear order is where the correspondence between scope and linear order breaks down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Special Issue showcases empirical research on linguistic forms that can occupy multiple and diverse turn and sequence positions in a number of Asian languages and interactional contexts. Taking a conversation analytic and interactional linguistics approach, the studies in this issue identify the interactional functions and work carried out by these linguistic forms, which go beyond periphery-based arguments. The findings of the studies also illustrate the mechanisms and factors that account for the development of these forms as discourse particles and their emerging functions in various positions. • This issue examines the usage and development of diverse Asian discourse particles. • Studies show identical particles occupying multiple turn and sequence positions. • Each particle performs diverse functions in its position in real-time interaction. • The findings widen the scope of analysis beyond utterance peripheries. • Studies discuss the mechanisms and factors for the development of the particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classifiers in Tani languages are similar in scale and semantic contents to the systems of better-known classifier languages such as Thai and Mandarin. Yet they are unusual in co-existing with an ancient and well-grammaticalised referential management system including both definite and indefinite articles, in lacking a generic classifier, in tending not to use a classifier with human referents, and in occurring exclusively to the right of head nouns, in the order [N CLF NUM]. They are also relatively more lexeme-like, occurring less frequently and with more semantic control than do the classifiers of many other East/Southeast Asian languages. This article will present a basic description of Tani classifier systems, and argue for their relatively recent development through the mechanism of a repeater construction functioning within a pre-existing [A-B B-C] template for taxonomic compound formation. Although this development is similar to pathways attested for other Asian languages, Tani classifiers do not share the same set of functional and distributional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I shall argue that English has become an Asian language. After contact with many of the languages of Asia, many Asian varieties of English have developed. It is now a language not only in Asia but of Asia (Kachru 1998). I shall support the argument by first providing the numbers of Asian multilinguals who are currently using English along with a brief review of how English first came to Asia. I shall then consider the current uses of English in Asia. I shall also give examples of the wide range of functions for which English is currently used within Asia, functions which Asian languages might normally be expected to fulfil. I shall conclude by briefly considering the implications of the development of English as an Asian language for the many local languages of multilingual Asia and ask whether English as an Asian language is threatening the roles and status of other Asian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of technology, electronic dictionaries have become an important variety of available tools for learning languages. Our research team developed an online learner's dictionary, named eRječnik, with basic entries for learning Hindi and Sanskrit, next to those for Japanese, Korean, and Chinese. This e-tool was developed with reference to two key elements: (1) an analysis of existing e-dictionaries and their structure, and (2) an analysis of the dictionary usage habits among students enrolled in a language class of one of the abovementioned languages, as well as among learners who had finished their studies. The goal of this study was to analyze data and develop an e-dictionary that can help students study their respective languages. As a result, a free learner's e-dictionary that can incorporate student input has been designed, allowing cross-language searches as well as comparative searches between several languages. The article presents an overview of a student survey that was conducted as a preliminary step to the building of eRječnik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation is now a part of technology, working for communication, social activities, economical, philosophical, psychological, political, and economic development for our global system on the very edge of an important make-up in form of books and in websites' activities. The art of translation needs to be equipped with a scientific safeguard to keep sustaining its multilayered dynamics in our present existing situation, that connect one civilization with the other. An act of translator is imbedding culture and tradition with other remote realities of another part of the Planet Earth. This present paper digs out the field of translations from two angles: the 'sharing experiences of a translator on the one side and on other an importance of scientific curves and densities as demands of our main current, to enhance the magnitude of translation with modern scientific studies of linguistics and postmodernism to project and promote the values of transformation, introducing 'main points' to the present translators in Asian languages to follow an imperialistic approach in the art of text-conversion, to well equip themselves. The translator has to become aware of the nuances, shades of difficulties, doubts and limitations as a catalyst agent. This paper will draw a line of scientific understanding to have sustained, modern, and confident improvement in the art of translations we need in our present time while having a shower of different kinds of channels with translations from books to websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humania del Sur: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Africanos y Asiáticos is the property of Humania del Sur. Estudios Latinoamericanos Africanos y Asiaticos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1740 the Roman Church – through its major expert on Oriental languages and regions, Giuseppe Simone Assemani – was censoring Mathurin Veyssière La Croze's Histoire du Christianisme des Indes, his second work on Christians between the Mediterranean and Ethiopia. This article puts censorship of this book into a global political context: first, of the competition of European powers between Catholics and Protestants (Prussia, France, and Rome) and, second, of the entanglements of the Dutch, Portuguese, Danish, and German merchants, colonizers, and missionaries with Eastern Christianity and non-Christian cultures between the Mediterranean and India. Third, the censorship proves to have happened at a time when Rome wanted to resolve definitively the Malabar rites controversy. Conservative Christian-Mediterraneanist hermeneutics to perceive the global religious situation can be revealed, opposed to a Pietist scheme of four world religions coexisting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the little-known "bare classifier phrase" construction in Modern Standard Thai. It describes the syntax, semantics and discourse functions of Thai bare classifier phrases, and further proposes a diachronic account of their origin in reduction of post-posed numeral 'one'. Following this synchronic and diachronic description, this article attempts to locate Thai within a working typology of bare classifier constructions in mainland Asian languages, and further argues for the importance of bare classifier constructions to the theory of classifiers more generally. Following Bisang (1999) and others, it argues that bare classifier constructions reveal the core function of classifiers in Asian languages to be individuation – a referential function. It therefore cautions against some recent proposals to merge classifiers and gender markers within a single categorical space defined on the semantic basis of nominal classification, and in favour of continuing to treat classifiers as a discrete linguistic category – in mainland Asian languages, at least. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Character segmentation is a challenging task for optical character recognition systems. Traditional methods usually utilize rule‐based algorithms but most of them are not applicable in modern intelligent recognition applications that require high accuracy. It is especially the case for text containing Eastern Asian language characters with complex pictograph structures, such as Chinese. To alleviate this problem, this study proposes an encoder–decoder structure‐based multiscale fully convolutional network (MSFCN) model for optical character segmentation. Comparing with other methods, MSFCN can not only effectively extract semantic details from images but also exploit boundary information of intervals between characters, thereby distinguishing characters from a background in pixel level. Extensive experiments have been conducted on two benchmark data sets of ICDAR2013 and MLCS. Obtained results prove that MSFCN achieves state‐of‐the‐art segmentation performance and indicated its practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how Chinese and Japanese-inspired culinary terms have become part of the English language of food. It investigates the path of culinary terms into popular usage using Google Ngram, and Google Trends. It also takes an in-depth look at social media to discover the impact such technology has on the adoption of Asian culinary terms and further investigates this phenomenon by conducting a survey of 297 L1 and L2 English speakers, mainly from the United Kingdom. By selecting three specific kinds of culinary terms (tea words, dumpling words, and Yoshoku words), this paper showcases the creation of the forms and meanings of these culinary terms and documents their transnational journey to become part of English. The authors argue that the influence of social media, which has little linguistic authority, has made the process of the adoption of new words much more rapid, popularising their use and enabling diversity in their forms more than was ever previously possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Although the Big Five model (BFM) of personality has been the dominant paradigm in personality research since the mid-1990s, it has recently been challenged by the HEXACO model, which contains an additional factor called Honesty-Humility. Since both these models of personality were developed using the same factor analytic techniques, there has been an ongoing but inconclusive debate about the relative merits of these competing models. Objective. Tis paper assesses the robustness of the Honesty-Humility trait using a technique based on the semantic relationships between personality trait adjectives. Design. Trait marker adjectives for the HEXACO Honesty-Humility and BFM Agreeableness and Neuroticism personality domains in the English language are translated into, and back-translated from, six Asian languages to generate lists of closely related trait terms known as schedonyms. Te numbers of schedonyms found within and across the three personality domains are then compared, to determine whether the HEXACO Honesty-Humility factor is semantically distinct from the BFM traits of Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Results. Our fndings indicate that the Honesty-Humility trait domain is semantically distinct from the BFM traits of Agreeableness and Neuroticism, and therefore that there is at least one more personality trait beyond the BFM. Te implications of these fndings, and the potential applications of this semantically-based technique for establishing the universal structure of the human personality, are briefy discussed. Conclusion. Our semantic analysis provides clear evidence that there is an Honesty-Humility trait domain in addition to the Agreeableness and Neuroticism traits, and therefore that HEXACO provides a better description of human personality than the BFM.

This study examines language background differences in the Australian National Assessments – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), and the extent that language background differences are accounted for by socioeconomic background, schools and contemporary influences. There are sizable, sometimes very large, differences in performance by language background. Students with Eastern and Southern Asian language backgrounds exhibited high, sometimes very high, mean scores, whereas students with African, Central Asian and Pacific language backgrounds had relatively low mean scores. Language background differences tended to be larger for numeracy than for reading. Parental occupation and education accounted for some of the effects of language background for some groups, but not for Asian groups. Generally, language background effects cannot be attributed to the unequal distribution of language background groups across schools. When considering students' prior achievement, most language background effects, including all language backgrounds with strong negative effects, were reduced substantially often to statistical insignificance. The exceptions are Chinese and other East Asian and Southern Asian language backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1979, a graduate school with a hitherto unusual name opened its doors at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Seoul, the 'Graduate School of Simultaneous Interpretation', as the school GSIT, HUFS was called at that time. Up to then, translation and interpreting had not been considered as proper occupations in Korea. It was actually not known which people with what kind of qualifications performed translation or interpreting. It was therefore a completely novel idea that translators and interpreters should be trained at a higher education institution. Yet, GSIT proved to be a huge success. GSIT attracted a great deal of public attention and many talented young people. The hitherto accumulated T&I needs in society and the trend of globalization played their part in GSIT's popularity. As the only educational institution for T&I for the first 18 years and beyond, GSIT has written key chapters in the history of T&I in modern Korea. This paper summarizes GSIT's footsteps in order to discuss the developments of the past four decades in Korea in T&I education and studies, in the T&I profession and the economic and socio-cultural aspects of those developments. Based on the results of the discussion, the current situation of T&I in Korea is observed with a focus on 'professionality' so as to identify tasks for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including the process of transmission for texts, pseudo-translations of Sanskrit love poems, and the case of Chinese lyrics in German scholarship.

Brief information about the Chinese language and Chinese linguistic communities is given and the history of its formation is shown. The possibility of creating one national language in China, that is, Pǔtōnghuà () is considered. Some results of theoretical analysis and computer modeling are presented, demonstrating that the formation of a single language is gradually happening, but unification will most likely be achieved no earlier than 3500. An estimate is given of the number of possible elementary "characters" ("base units" or radicals (bùshǒu/)) of a hypothetical proto-Chinese script. Some typical hieroglyphs and radicals from modern common SMS messages are compared with hieroglyphs and radicals in typical Jiǎgǔwén images (: writing on tortoise shells and fortune telling bones dating back to the 14th–11th centuries BC). Matching characters and radicals were found, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed approach and the validity of the calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English as an International Language (EIL) is grounded in the concept of multiplicity. Such proliferation of non-native varieties of English leads to several controversies including the intelligibility of its speakers to listeners from various language backgrounds. Although this concern has been continuously addressed in EIL research, the focus was mainly on major ESL accents. English language educators form English periphery accents know very little about the scenario of their own English in relation to its use in international settings. This study explored the Thai-accented English pronunciation features that result in intelligibility failure. It employed the innovative and comprehensible intelligibility measurement of which the results can be applied to other English accents with the similar phonology patterns such as tonal and syllabic-timing languages as most of languages in Asian mainland continent. Thai-accented English spontaneous speech was measured for overall intelligibility using a transcription task performed by the listeners from a variety of different L1 backgrounds. The errors in transcription were phonetically analysed to ascertain which phonological features of Thai English pronunciation which led to a detriment in intelligibility. These features; hence, must be the focus in teaching English for international communicative purposes. Analysis of the results revealed that the salient features identified as posing the highest threat to international intelligibility were cluster simplification, consonant devoicing, lack of final consonant released, and fully stressed unstressed vowels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'article retrace les débuts de la carrière d'Aurélien Sauvageot, « l'homme de France qui connaît le mieux hommes et choses de Hongrie ». Elève d'Antoine Meillet, figure-clé des relations culturelles franco-hongroises de l'entre-deux-guerres, premier titulaire, en 1931, de la Chaire des langues finno-ougriennes à l'Ecole des langues orientales à Paris, Sauvageot fait son entrée sur la scène scientifique, littéraire et politique française et hongroise à la sortie de la première guerre mondiale dans laquelle la Hongrie et la France étaient dans les camps opposés. L'arrivée de Sauvageot à Budapest (en 1923) et ses débuts dans le milieu de la linguistique finno-ougrienne permettaient de croire, pour la science et la politique françaises, que ce jeune linguiste bientôt hungarophone serait capable de servir la propagande intellectuelle, c'est-à-dire « la cause » française en Hongrie. Dans le sens inverse, aux yeux des autorités hongroises, on espérait qu'il pût disséminer la propagande intellectuelle hongroise en France. Or les objectifs communs (le rapprochement intellectuel) ne pouvaient compenser les contradictoires entre les deux pays, ces dernière se sont constamment imposées sur le chemin d'Aurélien Sauvageot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents data concerning the impact of word connotations differing in valence and origin on ambiguous decisions. The origin factor describes engagement of automatic vs. controlled processing mechanisms in formation of an emotional reaction to the stimuli (words, in this case). Other potentially important factors such as arousal, concreteness, frequency of appearance in language and length were matched across conditions. The task was introduced as intuition related and participants were supposed to guess which one of two hexagrams, introduced as pictorial symbols from an East Asian language, best suited the meaning of certain words. The expectation was that the origin of a word's affective connotations would influence decision making speed, and reaction latencies would be longer for reflectively originated words compared to automatically originated ones. The rationale for such a hypothesis is that reflective origins of emotional reactions are part of rational, multi-criteria processing, representing more complex mechanisms than automatic origins of emotional reactions based on experiential, automatic appraisals, representing less complex processing. For reflectively originated words, reaction latencies for word-sign matching tasks were longer than for automatically originated ones. No valence effects were found. Also no effects of the manipulations were found for time spent look at the words or location (top or bottom) of the chosen response in an ambiguous word-symbol matching task. This suggests that, indeed, origin influences only the type of processing that subsequently occurs, namely whether choices reflected systematic or heuristic processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two Polish translations of Saʿdi's Golestān, prepared by Samuel Otwinowski and Wojciech Biberstein-Kazimirski (alias Albert Kazimirski de Biberstein) and published in 1879 and 1876 respectively. Though edited at the end of the nineteenth century, Otwinowski's translation had been originally completed in the first half of the seventeenth century and is assumed to be the first one or one of the very first renderings of Saʿdi's work into a European language. The question that remains unresolved is whether or not Otwinowski's translation, despite being unpublished, was known to seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Polish poets. One can find some stories and motifs "picked" from Saʿdi's Golestān in their poetry, but they seem more likely to have been influenced by non-Polish renderings. This article describes the different translation strategies adopted by the two translators, the literarily gifted dragoman Otwinowski and the nineteenth-century philologist Biberstein Kazimirski. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the range and scope of Braj Kachru's interests in Indian English and Asian Englishes, which were crucial to the development of world Englishes as a whole. The article begins with a discussion of the WE paradigm shift and then proceeds to highlight Kachru's contribution to Asian Englishes before moving on to provide an account of the contemporary dynamics of Asian Englishes from a sociolinguistic perspective. In this context, it is important to note that the field of 'Asian Englishes' owes much of its origins and development to the pioneer intellectual work of Braj Kachru from the 1960s onwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an interview with J.R. Kuo of National Asian American and Pacific Islander Mental Health Association. Topics discussed include the struggles of Asian Americans with mental health in the U.S.; translate mental health resources and words in Asian languages; and secure funding from a mainstream organization.

The best-selling children's book series Uncle Leo's Adventures by Yannets Levi became a sensation in Israel when it was translated into several Asian languages including Korean, Chinese, English for the Indian sub-continent, and Japanese. More than just a simple story of cross-cultural exchange, the globalization of the series allows for a look into the ways editors and translators in different cultures handle translation as a cultural and economic opportunity. This article focuses on the Gordian knot that links translation to culturally specific preferences. Combining interviews with a comparative study of the different solutions to the translation of literary and visual elements used in Uncle Leo, it explores the relations between entrepreneurship and culture, the politics of culture, and the universality/cultural specificity of imagination and of being a child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]