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In today’s technological world, one of the most challenging problems is information security. In the past ten years, many methods were introduced for securing the secret data transmission over the public network (Internet). One of the best choices to solve such issue is to combine AI and steganography methods. In the presented work, the text will be hidden inside an image depending on the ant colony optimization algorithm for generation of secret key for hiding. First an image is chosen as a carrier media of the secret text, then a set of rows are chosen from carrier image and used as an entry point for the ant colony optimization algorithm where the matrix resulting from the algorithm is used as a key to determine the hiding pixels of secret text bits in an image. The secret text will convert to ASCII code then convert to binary bits and hiding these bits on pixels of image depending on generation key using least significant bits techniques. The experimental results were the high-quality stego images as well as its minimal histogram changeability, also validating the efficiency of the suggested method, and it’s hard to determine pixels of hiding and complexity to determine the sequence of hiding bits.

In the current digitalized world human race confront huge and fast technical progress in communication networks, That contribute to exposure of data and information that is transmitted through these networks to different levels of exposure and attack Also, the authentication of the digital products and services become very important to both makers and customers and can be separated from those that are invalid , The science of transfer secret data in several multimedia carriers like audio , text, video or image so that can achieve the authentication requirements that were mentioned is called steganography. This paper introduces a new steganography technique that will increase the difficulty of exhaustive key search, it based on book cipher combined with ASCII (American Standard for Information interchange) mapping technique using image as reference key.

In this work, we propose a novel known as matrix translation and Elliptic curve cryptography (MT-ECC) approach for secured data communication in IoT network systems. The proposed approach includes phases such as the key generation stage, encryption stage; cluster-based secure routing stage, and decryption stage. Moreover, we introduced two types of tables such as string location relying on ASCII value and Prime number generation table and space reference table. Meanwhile, after the completion of key generation on the transmitter side, the data is transmitted to the receiver side and authorized users can access the data without any loss. Besides, if any attacks happen means it is necessary to detect the intrusion and normal data, and for that purpose we propose a novel Deep Neural Network (DNN) based Gazella optimization (GO) algorithm which effectively detects the intrusion and separates the normal data traffic from the available datasets. For the experimental purpose, we have taken the Kaggle dataset and implemented it in MATLAB and the comparative results show that the proposed approach is effectively used for secured communication and detects intrusion efficiently in case attacks happen.

Digital Steganography is the art of hiding secret messages behind an innocent looking digital media that do not raise suspicions. In this paper, a new proposed image realization steganography method is introduced which is a mapping-based method that hides in an unrevealed manner and without any change in the image cover file. The image cover is only used for referencing. The proposed method generates the cover-secret mapping that will realize the concealed secret message without embedding the real message. A mapping between the American Standard Code of Information Interchange (ASCII) codes of a secret message and an image is performed and the positions of the secret message in the image is noted in a position array. This reference positions are then sent to the receiver after first being compressed by Huffman algorithm and then encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard with 128 bits key (AES-128). The position array and the cover image are transferred separately, so that the interception of any one file alone will not conceal any information. In addition, it has unlimited capacity as specific matching positions can be used more than once. Furthermore, the proposed method has a reduced size of position key and mapping table, hence having high-speed searching and matching compared to prevailing methods. Furthermore, several experimental tests have been applied to assess the efficiency and performance of the new proposed method to evaluate it according to the widely used metrics: Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). From the security point of view, Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) together with Histogram have been performed. Moreover, it is critiqued showing its pros and cons and further compared with existing state-of-the-art research. The experimental results verified the efficacy of the new proposed method.

The purpose of this work are consideration of use of GPS for a research of roads and modeling of the vehicle/wheel machines (WM).Implementation for this problem of the measuring registering complex on a basis the Raspberry Pi 3/4 minicomputer, the GN-803G sensor and creation of the software in the language C/C ++ is considered.The obtained information about GPS and approaches of selection of necessary data from the messages on the basis of the NMEA 0183 standard submitted in the text ASCII form with the fields divided by a comma is analyzed. An assessment of opportunities of use of the obtained information is given.The scheme of connection of the GN-803N module to Raspberry 3/4 through the GPIO protocol is developed and proved.Reduction of the obtained data to a constant step with use of a polynom of Lagrange of the 2-nd order on three points of a variable step is considered.It is recommended at further use of this corrected data array in process modeling of the car application of a method of interpolation CatMull-Rom on the 4-th points at the fixed step. Program fragments are given in C/C ++.It is offered in the territory of RB during the determining of relative distances and a binding to cards at conversion it is possible to use the simplified linear formula lat_m= 112297,6196∙ Ddec lat , lon_m= 63215,444 ∙ Ddec lon .The offered technique of application of GPS, software, received data are planned to be used for a research of influence of the driver and road conditions on the movement of the vehicle and the subsequent their application when modeling in Matlab/ Simulink, and also in problems of preliminary debugging of management systems by self-driving vehicles.

Playfair cipher is a substitution scheme. The classical playfair scheme has a limited matrix size containing only uppercase letters, so it is prone to hackers and cryptanalysis. To increase the resistance of playfair cipher, a new encipherment and decipherment method is proposed in this work, which depends on the permutation and its inverse, respectively. In addition, a modified key matrix is utilized, which includes capital and small Alphabets, numbers, and 38 special characters collected from ASCII codes. In the proposed method, both substitution and transposition schemes are used, where the first stratum of the cipher is a substitution by using key matrix and the second stratum is a transposition by using permutation key which provides multi strata resistance to brute force and other cryptanalysis attacks. A comparison between the traditional playfair scheme and the proposed method demonstrates that the encoded text is hard to recognize by cryptanalysts, which improves the security of the encryption process.

Cryptography is widely used to secure data and information so that it is not easily misused by parties who are not interested in the data. One type of cryptographic algorithm is Caesar Cipher and Vigenere Cipher. Both of these algorithms are classic cryptographic algorithms that need to be modified so that they become more optimal in the data security process. The first modification is to modify the Vigenere key using Fibonacci. In general, Vigenere Cipher will repeat the same keyword to complete the number of characters that are lacking so that the number of characters is the same as the number of characters in the plaintext. The second modification is to change or convert plaintext letters into ASCII letters so that the code is more difficult to solve. After the ASCII conversion process is done, the next results will be converted back in Hexa letters. In addition to the two modifications made, the steganography technique is also added by hiding the code behind the media in the form of images. Images that are sampled will be renamed and stored in different places.

With rapid evaluation of technologies, huge amount of critical information can exchange over unsecure network every day, secure and fast encryption schemes become more and more urgent need to provide the desirable confidentiality and thwart unauthorized access, lately and for many reasons, chaotic based encryption algorithms become more and more popular technique due to exceptionally superior characteristics such as simplicity, resistance attacks and high speed, in this paper the advantages of two nonlinear hyper-chaotic systems will utilized to strength the proposed encryption algorithm, the random sequences generated from systems will used to position scramble and value change of the plaintext, the main features of such method are efficiency, large key space, low computational overhead, and simple design as well as the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method have more ability to thwart attacks.

A fundamental requirement for scientific treatment of board games is a simple and practical numbering of the map locations. With square grids, an obvious solution is coordinates along two orthogonal axes. Hexagonal grids, however, have three axes, and only one of them can be aligned with an edge of a square board. Various systems have been proposed for numbering hexagonal grids, and several remain in use. Computational tools that support games with hexagonal grids will presumably need to convert, or operate directly on, the grid coordinates. While it would be possible to write separate software for each of the different coordinate systems, a more general approach is to define a formal description of the coordinate system, which is then supplied as data, and have a single piece of software that can handle all possible hexagonal grid coordinates. Such a system is proposed here, after an exhaustive survey of the various existing coordinate systems, and a comprehensive investigation of the logical possibilities for defining a coordinate system on a hexagonal grid. The formal expression that defines any specific coordinate system consists of around ten characters in the standard 7-b ASCII alphabet, for maximum computational interoperability.

Transferring data in a safe way is one of the things that have been of interest since ancient times. Data hiding or steganography is a method used to protect the data during its transmission. Coding is a method to represent the data in another shape, so a high level of security is achieved by using coding and hiding data together. The proposed method is a hybrid between coding and hiding, but this paper focuses on proposed a data coding part only, such that the cover text (that used for information hiding) will be used to extract private information between the sender and the receiver for coding process, and the output of the proposed coding method can be used for information hiding process. Apply the proposed coding method will provide a high level of security and complexity and produce ASCII of non-printed characters which can be employed for steganography purposes to obtain complete similarity between secret text and cover text.

The active development of computer systems and information technologies implies an increase in the importance of ensuring the protection and security of information during its transfer or storage. Today, the fulfillment of the necessary data confidentiality requirements tends to the direction of cryptography and steganography. The choice of the applied method of encoding information directly depends on the goals of the user, as well as the available software. The main requirement for the message encoding process is the availability of acceptable computational complexity of the implementation. The article discusses methods of ensuring data confidentiality employing digital steganography, using BMP images as container files, and carrying out their subsequent compression to the JPEG format without losing hidden information. Mathematical methods of constructing a stegosystem for encoding ASCII are studied — a message, each character of which is encoded with exactly one byte. As a result, a computer program was created based on the Microsoft Visual Studio 2017 programming environment and the C# programming language (.NET Framework). The stereotype, in this case, is a sequence of steps between image pixels, into which information is embedded. In this case, the algorithm allows you to memorize not the entire sequence of steps (that is, not the entire keystroke), but only the first five characters of the key or half of the key.

El present document pretén plasmar el procediment realitzat per a la confecció d’una aplicació de monitorització i registre de dades sobre el comportament d’una placa fotovoltaica a nivell de consum elèctric. El desenvolupament d’aquesta aplicació es dur a terme mitjançant la programació amb IDE de la placa ELEGOO Mega2560 R3, la qual és un equivalent de la placa Arduino Mega 2560, establint una via de comunicació sèrie RS-485 basada en MODBUS amb l’analitzador de xarxa elèctrica Circutor CVM-SPRS485-C25A. La connexió física del sistema es realitza connectant d’una banda l’analitzador de xarxa entre el convertidor DC/AC de la placa fotovoltaica i la connexió a xarxa elèctrica per a que de manera simultània s’alimenti elèctricament i pugui captar les dades de consum. D’altra banda la connexió amb el nostre microcontrolador es dur mitjançant cablejat des del port RS-485 de l’analitzador al mòdul de comunicació connectat al nostre microcontrolador per a poder establir a la comunicació. Les funcionalitats disponibles per a aquest desenvolupament són: - Monitorització de dades del sistema connectat a xarxa elèctrica. - Registre periòdic variable de les dades anteriors en mòdul SD. Les dades obtingudes seran tots aquells valors de consum energètic disponibles amb la connexió del Circutor, ja que posteriorment, amb l’explotació d’aquestes dades es podran discriminar aquells valors de l’anàlisi que no siguin d’interès. Aquest projecte analitzarà, a més a més de les dades anteriors, l’impacte ambiental d’una instal·lació d’aquest tipus. El presente documento pretende plasmar el procedimiento realizado para la confección de una aplicación de monitorización y registro de datos sobre el comportamiento de una placa fotovoltaica a nivel de consumo eléctrico. El desarrollo de la aplicación se lleva a cabo mediante la programación con IDE de la placa ELEGOO Mega2560 R3, la cual es un equivalente de la placa Arduino Mega2560, estableciendo una vía de comunicación serie RS-485 basada en MODBUS con el analizador de red eléctrica Circutor CVM-SPRS485-C25A. La conexión física del sistema se realiza conectando por un lado el analizador de red entre el convertidor DC/AC de la placa fotovoltaica y la conexión a red eléctrica, para que de manera simultánea se alimente eléctricamente y pueda captar los datos de consumo. Por otro lado, la conexión con el microcontrolador se realiza mediante el cableado desde el puerto RS-485 del analizador de red al módulo de comunicación conectado a nuestro microcontrolador para poder establecer la comunicación. Las funcionalidades disponibles para el desarrollo son: - Monitorización de datos del sistema conectado a red eléctrica. - Registro periódico variable de los datos anteriores en módulo SD. Los datos obtenidos serán todos aquellos valores de consumo energético disponibles con la conexión del Circutor, ya que posteriormente, con la explotación de estos datos se podrán discriminar aquellos valores de análisis que no sean de interés. Este proyecto analizará, además de los datos anteriores, el impacto ambiental de una instalación de este tipo. This document pretends to show the realized procedure of the confection of a monitoring and data logs application according to the behavior of a solar panel in consideration of electric supply. The application development is done by the programming of ELEGOO Mega2560 R3 shield, which is an equivalent shield of Arduino Mega2560, stablishing a based MODBUS Serial communication done by the RS-485 interface with Circutor CVM-SP-RS485-C25A electric net analyzer. The physical connection of the system is done by connecting the electric net analyzer between DC/AC converter of the solar panel and the connection to the net, to have, at the same time, voltage feeding and data capturing. In another way, the connection with the microcontroller is done by the wiring of the RS-485 port of CIRCUTOR’s analyzer to the communication module that is connected to the shield. The available functionalities of the present development are: - Data monitoring of the system which is connected to the electric net. - Periodic and variable data log of the previous data through SD module. Obtained data will be all available electric values of power consumption in the Circutor connection, because, later, with data mining we will filter these values which are not of interest. This project will analyze, in addition, the environmental impact of this kind of installation. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima

The article focuses on archaeolinguistics as a separate field of knowledge and outlines the features that distinguish it from other disciplines in comparative studies. It analyses the existing text collections and shows how they may find application in a corpus-based research in ancient languages. It also discusses approaches to creating new corpora of texts. The study focuses on Old Church Slavonic and Ancient Greek, in particular, it analyses the existing corpora in these languages, e. g., Corpus Cyrillo-Methodianum Helsingiense. Most of the corpora under study are not tagged. Some of them change the original writing system (from Glagolitic to Latin, using, for instance, ASCII), while the others have a restricted access. Some of the corpora are no longer available at all or available as part of local databases only. Thus, corpus-based resources in ancient languages in question are obviously insufficient. To facilitate more effective research, the easiest possible solution is to develop new corpora by using platforms specializing in linguistic analysis (e. g., CDLI or Lingvodoc) or systems that support DIY corpora. However, such platforms are often paywalled, may have limited functionality, or lack comprehensive user guides. With all the above in mind, there seems to be no ready solution for archaeolinguists who want to use a corpus-based approach in their study. They either have to make a considerable effort to modify an existing system for their purposes, or to build one of their own. In conclusion, the article proposes one of the possible ways to address these issues.

A survey on automated lip-reading approaches is presented in this paper with the main focus being on deep learning related methodologies which have proven to be more fruitful for both feature extraction and classification. This survey also provides comparisons of all the different components that make up automated lip-reading systems including the audio-visual databases, feature extraction, classification networks and classification schemas. The main contributions and unique insights of this survey are: 1) A comparison of Convolutional Neural Networks with other neural network architectures for feature extraction; 2) A critical review on the advantages of Attention-Transformers and Temporal Convolutional Networks to Recurrent Neural Networks for classification; 3) A comparison of different classification schemas used for lip-reading including ASCII characters, phonemes and visemes, and 4) A review of the most up-to-date lip-reading systems up until early 2021.

Quick response (QR) code is a printed code of black and white squares that is able to store data without the use of any of the electronic devices. There are many existing researches on coloured QR code to increase the storage capacity but from time to time the storage capacity still need to be improved. This paper proposes the use ofcompress, multiplexing and multilayered techniques, as an integrated technique known as CoMM, to increase the storage of the existing QR code. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) text characters are used as an input and performance is measured by the number of characters that can be stored in a single black and white QR code version 40. The experiment metrics also include percentage of missing characters, number of produced QR code, and elapsed time to create the QR code. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm stores 24 times more characters than the black and white QR code and 9 times more than other coloured QR code. Hence, this shows that the coloured QR code has the potential of becoming useful mini-data storage as it does not rely on internet connection.

This article discusses the possibility of developing a postprocessor for turning center with 2 turrets and a multi-channel CNC system with NC program format characteristic of machine Mazak Integrex I series. Typical for these CNCs is the usage of two support programs - one for each turret. The CAD / CAM system PTC Creo is used to solve the problem, where tool transitions are developed for machining the workpieces. The postprocessor is software that translates the CL Data file i.e. turns it into a NC program with preparatory, technological, and supplementary commands to control the machine. G-POST, which is integrated into the PTC Creo CAD / CAM system, is used to develop the post-processor. To solve the problem, a specialized programming language FIL (Factory Interface Language) is used which, with its features and capabilities to work with files in ASCII code, achieves the ultimate goal - NC program in format characteristics suitable for machines Mazak Integrex I series.

Information security has immense importance in today’s world of digital communication. Sharing information between intended parties while keeping it secret from any outsider is a challenging task. Cryptography provides the security of information by keeping the information secret among only the communicating parties. In this paper, a new cryptographic algorithm is propounded, which is a block cipher algorithm. A positive integer, n, two $$n\times 256$$ tables of ASCII characters, and a string, Mapper, are used as shared private keys in the proposed method. Every row of the key tables and Mapper contains a random permutation of all the ASCII characters. In the beginning of encryption of a block, an Exclusive Or (XOR) operation is done between the block and a random array of integers. Then, a 3-round substitution operation is done using the key tables and Mapper. We found that the encryption and the decryption speed of the proposed algorithm is faster than the encryption–decryption speed of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES). The strength of the proposed cipher was analyzed in the light of some popular attacks, and we found that the system is strong enough against those attacks. We hope that if integrated with the modern cryptography protocols, this method will enhance modern digital communication security.

Information data security is an important aspect of exchanging data and information. Data and information security can be done in various ways, including by using the cesarean cipher method in cryptographic techniques. The cesarean cipher method of cryptographic technique is a substitution coding system which is done by replacing each alphabet character with other characters along the 26 alphabet characters so that the coding only occurs in the alphabet itself without any other punctuation. This study proposes a modification to the cesarean cipher technique by adding to the number of characters used, namely 256 characters in the ASCII code. The caesar cipher application or CaesarApp uses the methodology of library study, consultation, application design and application testing. The implementation of the CaesarApp application was created using the open-source Android Studio 3.5 application. The results of tests conducted on the CaesarApp application note that the modification of the caesar cipher with 256 ASCII characters results in a secure information data security application, this application has a deficiency in reading limitations on ASCII characters, so characters cannot be read properly on android users.

Most of the traditional cryptanalytic technologies often require a great amount of time, known plaintexts, and memory. This paper proposes a generic cryptanalysis model based on deep learning (DL), where the model tries to find the key of block ciphers from known plaintext-ciphertext pairs. We show the feasibility of the DL-based cryptanalysis by attacking on lightweight block ciphers such as simplified DES, Simon, and Speck. The results show that the DL-based cryptanalysis can successfully recover the key bits when the keyspace is restricted to 64 ASCII characters. The traditional cryptanalysis is generally performed without the keyspace restriction, but only reduced-round variants of Simon and Speck are successfully attacked. Although a text-based key is applied, the proposed DL-based cryptanalysis can successfully break the full rounds of Simon32/64 and Speck32/64. The results indicate that the DL technology can be a useful tool for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers when the keyspace is restricted.

The Optical Character Reader (OCR) process means the transition from scanned manual or written images to a machine-determined document. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII...

Optical character recognition (OCR) is an important research area in the field of pattern recognition. A lot of research has been done on OCR in the last 60 years. There is a large volume of paper-based data in various libraries and offices. Also, there is a wealth of knowledge in the form of ancient text documents. It is a challenge to maintain and search from this paper-based data. At many places, efforts are being done to digitize this data. Paper based documents are scanned to digitize data but scanned data is in pictorial form. It cannot be recognized by computers because computers can understand standard alphanumeric characters as ASCII or some other codes. Therefore, alphanumeric information must be retrieved from scanned images. Optical character recognition system allows us to convert a document into electronic text, which can be used for edit, search, etc. operations. OCR system is the machine replication of human reading and has been the subject of intensive research for more than six decades. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the work done in the various phases of an OCR with special focus on the OCR for ancient text documents. This paper will help the novice researchers by providing a comprehensive study of the various phases, namely, segmentation, feature extraction and classification techniques required for an OCR system especially for ancient documents. It has been observed that there is a limited work is done for the recognition of ancient documents especially for Devanagari script. This article also presents future directions for the upcoming researchers in the field of ancient text recognition.

The IP-core for QR-code generation, which supports codes of the first version and the M-type level of correction (allows to recover information from damaged up to 15% code image) is developed. Based on this IP-core and the DE1-SoC development board, containing the Cyclone V FPGA chip, the real QR-code generation device was implemented. The device uses the PS/2 interface to enter text data that should be encoded in the QR-code and output the result (generated code) on a VGA monitor as an image. The suggested device has the following structure: the control module, the IP-core for QR-code generation, and I/O modules. The control module performs the general device management and implemented as the state machine, which has the following states: reset and memory cleaning, read the text that should be encoded from the keyboard, create the main part of the QR-code, create correction data, combine the correction data with the main part of the QR-code, transform the result into a 21x21 pixel matrix and displaying the code on the screen. The input module reads the keyboard signals (synchronization and data signal) and converts them into the ASCII codes. To do this, on each falling edge of the synchronization signal the values of the data signal are registered and propagated to the 8-bit bus. Since the keyboard may have a contact bounce, this module additionally filters the received data using the delay filtering. The output module is the VGA controller that simply generates the necessary clock signals for the proper VGA monitor functioning. After the QR-code is generated, its matrix is enlarged and passed to the VGA controller. Also, in parallel with that, the text, which was encoded in the code, is printed on the display. The IP block for QR-code generation consists of three submodules. The first one receives a text in ASCII format (now only 14 characters are supported) and generates the primary sequence of data to be encrypted in the code. The second submodule calculates the correction data using the Reed-Solomon algorithm. To use this algorithm, the additional array is reserved to store the correction data. This array is filled with special information, depending on the level of correction and the code version number. The algorithm also requires tables of the forward and reverse Galois fields, which are precalculated and stored in the submodule’s ROM. The third module generates the matrix itself: it places the alignment patterns, the information of the used type of mask, level of correction, and adds timing patterns. After that, the mask superimposed on the data generated by the previous module, and the result is copied to the code’s matrix in the required order.