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In this paper, two antennas for wearable applications are presented, including the development of new antennas on fabric substrates for communication with in-body and outside the body sensors. The design process for fabrication via screen printing on fabric substrates is outlined using commercially available conductive inks. The effects of non-conductive, paint-based inks as interface layers between conductive elements and fabric substrates of coplanar keyhole fabric antennas is presented along with wash sustainability and its effects on antenna resonance at 5.8 GHz over time. Fabrication of screen-printed radio frequency identification tag antenna includes placement of the tag chip. Accessibility of the tag is assessed by comparing reader data to distance between the reader and the tag at 915 MHz.

With recent breakthroughs in the electrode-based brain-computer-interface technology, cognition enhancement becomes increasingly feasible by applying external stimuli to neurons in the brain. An essential stepstone for this objective is to develop compatible representations between artificial and biological neural networks. We propose that grid cells can serve as such an interfacing representation. First, we empirically proved that DNNs replicated the grid cell behaviors on non-spatial cognitive tasks. Second, we developed theoretical analysis on the formation of hexagonal activation pattern of grid cells, which is independent of physical implementations of neural networks. Third, we performed extensive experiments to validate our proposal.

Boost converters are popularly used as interface in dc microgrids. Design of a stable non-linear controller is essential for accurate power sharing and system stability especially in the presence of Constant power loads, as linear controllers are not suitable for Large Signal Stability and parameter variations seen in renewable powered grids characterized by intermittent nature. Here, a backstepping non-linear controller is designed for a dc-dc boost converter. The designed controller is independent of system parameters and suitable for dc-dc boost converters of any design. The designed controller is simple in implementation as it is independent of integral or derivative terms. From simulation of the closed loop system in MATLAB/Simulink, the designed controller is seen to be stable and better in performance compared to a PI controller even in the presence of a Constant Power Load.

El presente proyecto de titulación tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar un módulo didáctico a escala de un proceso industrial para la introducción de la red de comunicación AS-interface. El módulo didáctico tiene como prioridad exponer la efectividad y simplificación de usar componentes electrónicos al emplear la red de comunicación AS-interface dentro de un proceso industrial, por consiguiente, este módulo didáctico contiene los componentes básicos para la elaboración e implementación de la red industrial AS-interface, como PLC, Maestro AS-interface y esclavos propios de la red (sensores y actuadores). Las prácticas a desarrollar con el bloque de electroválvulas del módulo didáctico son de gran utilidad para la formación académica de los estudiantes de la Carrera de ingeniería electrónica, el alumno se beneficia al ampliar sus conocimientos de comunicación industrial y sistemas neumáticos, además puede complementar los conocimientos de control de procesos industriales, por lo tanto, lo fundamental de este proyecto es experimentar la sensación de vivir una experiencia real al interactuar con los componentes relacionados a la Comunicación AS-interface. The objective of this degree project is to design and implement a didactic module at the scale of an industrial process for the introduction of the AS-interface communication network. The didactic module has as a priority to expose the effectiveness and simplification of using electronic components when using the AS-interface communication network within an industrial process, therefore, this didactic module contains the basic components for the elaboration and implementation of the AS industrial network. -interface, such as PLC, AS-interface Master and network-specific slaves (sensors and actuators).The practices to be carried out with the block of solenoid valves of the didactic module are very useful for the academic training of the students of the Electronic Engineering career, the student benefits by expanding their knowledge of industrial communication and pneumatic systems, and can also complement the knowledge control of industrial processes, therefore, the fundamental of this project is to experience the sensation of living a real experience when interacting with the components related to Communication AS-interface.

Smart phones have come all the way up to become an essential part of our lives compared to any other device. People use it during their free time, some people work on their smart phones, for social media, photos, retrieving information, etc. As it can be utilized in many different fields, human body medical and fitness are also a very important field that smart phones can be used to simplify the process of medication and human body surveillance. Imagine a mobile application constantly analyzing the movement of the body through the help of sensors present in our smart phone in real time, and looking through these values, it can detect the current state of a human body like walking, sitting, laying, standing, etc., altogether human activities. In this paper, we aim to test and analyze various machine learning algorithms such a way that it recognizes the current state of the body and predicts the activity being performed with maximum accuracy. The trained models can further be deployed for real-time use in either mobile devices or on computer using a website as interface. Most of the smart phone contains accelerometer and gyroscope which are the sensors built-in with the smart phone hardware. We have taken the dataset from the UCI machine learning repository.

This paper presents a comparative study between two input adapter circuits. The concepts are analysed based on input current consumption, fast propagation delay with low propagation distortion and input level hysteresis. The proposed methods were implemented in a standard 0.25µm BCD technology and the comparison was performed by means of simulations results and measurements.

This chapter discusses the interface aspect and explores the concept of user experience design and how this design is affected by emotions evoked by interface aesthetics and interface functionality. Concepts such as usability and sociability are presented, as well as challenges in decision-making that the designers face. The selected example deals with digital interfaces that allow for interactions between different users, and the design considers the element of user-to-user communication as part of the experience. The type of digital interface explored in the example is one used for mentoring, i.e. it allows for knowledge exchange between the different types of users. The design of the interface can play an important role in improving the user experience. When referring to experience in relation to a specific interface, we generally refer to elements such as interface usability and design features. To achieve improved UX, designers need to consider elements of user experience as part of the design process, and the overall process is referred to as user experience design.

In conventional networks, power plants are constructed in far distances from cities. They are responsible to supply electrical demand, alone. Long transmission lines act as interface between generators and consumers, which transfer the required electrical power to the loads. The mentioned structure leads to some deficiencies including economic concerns, emission production and loss increment. By appearance and penetration of distributed generation (DG), microgrid (MG) and smart grid concepts, the structure of power networks have changed considerably during recent decades. The appropriate design and operation of MGs are essential in modern smart networks due to their important role. In this paper, improving system voltage stability is got under studied while achieving optimal design for MGs in a radial distribution system. It is considered that the constructed MGs operate in both grid-connected and islanded modes. In other words, separating the designed zones leads to self- supplied performance and voltage fluctuations would be occurred. It is attempted to design MGs in a way that the system voltage stability enhances. In order to obtain reasonable results and perform analytical evaluations, efficient indices are proposed and appropriate formulations and optimization algorithms are presented. The studies are implemented on the PG&E 69-bus distribution test system.

Demand response actions allow to support an adequate domestic load management, considering consumer preferences. In order to develop a hardware tool based on Arduino used to support consumers load management and decisions, an optimization mathematical model is developed and detailed in this paper. In the developed mathematical model, household appliances and electric vehicle are considered as controllable loads. The existence of a storage system based on batteries is considered as well as energy provided by the power grid and solar panel self-generation. The model is implemented using optimization software GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) problem, where its outputs are used as inputs applied to the hardware used as interface between the optimization mathematical model and controllable loads.

The energy demand of the world has been intensively increased since last two decades. The need of energy is forcing the think tanks of the developed countries to move towards the alternative energy resources. Solar energy is the most suitable solution to overcome the energy crises. In this regard, this article presents the nonlinear integral back-stepping (IB) control approach for maximum power extraction of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The proposed control strategy gives robustness against constantly varying conditions of environment. Non-inverting case of buck-boost DC-DC converter is used as interface between load and PV array. Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is generated the reference (V ref ) under different climatic conditions for the tracking of the developed control scheme. IB control technique is also checked under faulty conditions. The Simulations are preformed in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Moreover, the proposed technique results are compared with perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique.

The G-Lorep project of the European Chemistry Thematic Network (ECTN), based on a federation of distributed repositories of Molecular Science Learning Objects, leverages at present a “hybrid" centralized/distributed architecture in which the central node hosts a shared database. The shared database deals only with the task of managing metadata in order to synchronize the information made available to the federation members at regular time intervals. To avoid security problems and reach a better code updating, the project has been migrated from Drupal CMS to Laravel framework. All modules have been written from the start, also a REST API server used as interface to the shared database is implemented and related performances are evaluated.

In recent years, microgrids are becoming more widespread as a paradigm of energy generation and utilization. In this scenario, power electronic converters play a very important role as interface between the various sources and the various loads. This massive presence of such devices is arising issues related to their interaction, since they operate simultaneously. For this reason, research activity on how to drive them stably in such conditions is gaining more and more importance in order to guarantee reliable power exchange, continuous operation of microgrids and hence limitation of black-out occurrence. Nevertheless, the stable operation of grid-forming inverters is the most challenging task to be accomplished when it comes to feed some types of load whose presence is considered the main triggering factor for the electrical quantities to deviate from the set-point values thus leading the system to instability. To this end, this paper aims to present a control technique that is based on the theory of passivity and that can guarantee stable operation in one of the most critical operating conditions that occurs when a grid-forming inverter supplies constant power loads such as speed-controlled electric drives. These kinds of loads are very common on microgrids for industrial environments that can hence remarkably benefit from the proposed control technique. The results of the simulation tests prove the effectiveness of the proposed control technique in stably operating the considered system also in presence of parameters variation.

The fourth generation of LAPAN satellite will employ Experimental LAPAN Line Imager for Space Application (ELLISA) for its mission on earth observation. In developing the imager, embedded systems like microcontroller and FPGA (field-programmable gate array) are utilized as interface and timing control, respectively. FPGA controls CCD (charge-coupled device) and ADC (analog-to-digital converter) timings and alters the data from CCD format to Camera Link format. Microcontroller, as an interface, handles command from users and other subsystems. Communication system is established between the two devices in order to transfer and translate incoming data from/to the subsystems and user. In this paper, a customized communication design has been successfully implemented between the microcontroller and FPGA for ELLISA development. This communication design can be realized on microcontroller with simple features.

This paper presents an application of the multi-port bidirectional three-phase ac-dc converter as interface between a microgrid composed by several power sources and an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The main advantage of using this converter is that it can integrate multiple power sources and loads into a single power conversion stage and thus control the power flow between them reducing the number of power conversion stages and / or devices as well as weight and volume of the entire system and the control architecture does not require communication strucure as main current solutions in this field present. The microgrid of this study was composed of a photovoltaic system, a battery energy storage system, two 48 kW fast charging units for electricle vehicles, a connection to the local grid and the multi-port bidirectional converter with minor changes to be able in this type of application with a rated power at 100 kW. Simulation results obtained from a system model are presented and discussed in order to validate that under different power sources conditions the converter operates effectively confirming the feasibility of using this type of application in EVCS microgrid technology.

This paper presents the method of proportional resonant current controller strategy in inverter system application. In this study, the mathematical modelling of the controller is shown in detail. This is important for the modelling in Matlab Simulink. Nowadays, the decrement of power quality is easily found in this inverter system where inverter extensively used as interface circuits. To solve this problem, proportional resonant current controller is the solution. At resonant frequency, this controller has infinite gain which ensures a zero steady-state error in a stationary frame. This will result in minimized load current distortion as well as the harmonic contents. At the end, simulation result shows when using PR current controller, the unwanted harmonics injection are much reduced.

Tujuan membangun Sistem Pencatatan Laproan Tanam dan Hasil Panen Menggunakan SMS Gateway adalah sebagai alat pendukung untuk mengirimkan informasi kepada petani dengan efisien dan cepat. Teknologi Informasi yang digunakan dalam membangun Aplikasi SMS Gateway untuk Sistem Pencatatan Laporan Tanam dan Hasil Panen di Dinas Pertanian berbasis PHP dan menggunakan Gammu sebagai antarmuka yang menghubungkan handphone atau modem dengan komputer. Sebagai Metode Penelitian digunakan Metode SDLC. Sistem ini menggunakan modem dan Handphone sebagai media pengiriman dan penerima pesan masuk. Sistem ini dibangun dengan cara mengkonfigurasikan gammu agar dapat bekerja dengan baik, membuat sistem yang mampu membalas sms registrasi dan informasi dengan auto replay. Dari hasil penelitian dan pengujian yang telah dilaksanakan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Gammu dapat dikonfigurasikan dengan modem dan database melalui device manager. Sistem ini bisa mendeteksi pesan masuk pada inbox yang dikirim oleh petani dan bisa mengirimkan balasan sesuai dengan kebutuhan petani.

The aim of this paper is to derive and study a full-bridge three-port converter. Based on the standard design of full-bridge converter, we have modeled and derived a three port converter. The three port converter can be used in renewable energy scenarios, such as solar cells or wind turbines connected to the input port. The input can be taken from two-ports simultaneously or from one port at a time. In order to balance the power mismatch between the input port and load port, the batteries are attached to the third port, to ensure there are no discrepancies in the power generated at the input and power demand at the load. In order to ensure isolation and reduced voltage stress on the switches, a high frequency transformer is also used in the design. The overall design contains four switches, and four diodes. MOSFETs are the strongest candidate for the switches owing to their high switching speed, lower losses and high resistance to higher voltage. Moreover, a buck-boost structure is modeled in order to ensure that it can work for a wide variety of different applications by adjusting the duty cycle of the switches properly. To minimize the switching losses in the converter, Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) is also achievable in the modeled system.

Product diversity and variability but also their quality and cost-effective production require complex manufacturing processes. Besides the physical realization of the products, planning in accordance with meeting manufacturing and quality standards for the processes needed for realization gain substantial importance. Technological planning in compliance with the requirements as interface between product planning and realization needs to be adapted to new paradigms like the reduction of energy demands for chipping processes. That results in the possibility to not only adjust the cutting parameters like feeding speed, but also to select alternative tooling machines. With that, a production scenario which is not only energetically more suitable but also in correspondence with the aims of the work planning is generated. The development of a technology based and specified machine model to realize the component dependent energy demand prognosis of a tooling machine is fundamental. The specified machine model connects machine dependent data with technology based and feature specific energy demand functions and therefore supplies a forecast accuracy of more than 90%. A process which introduces the development of such machine models for the realization of an energy demand forecast of according manufacturing tasks and therefore the energetical comparison of production variations is described in this article.

The reinforced concrete (RC) Structural frames with masonry infill walls are widely used in buildings. The elastic connection between infill walls and RC frames is recommended in order to reduce the unfavorable interaction between them. In this study, two-bay and three-storeyed RC bare structural frame, RC infill frame with Cement mortar of rigid interface and RC infill frame with different interface having various flexible elastic combinations are analyzed. The influence of constructional details of infill walls on the seismic behavior of RC Structural frames is analyzed. Literature survey carried out in this area indicates that not much work has been done in studying the influence of interface material's elastic properties on the behavior of structural infilled frame. This study becomes now all the more significant as the recent trend is to use insulation material instead of common rigid elastic cement mortar at the interface. The objective of this research work is to study the influence of different interface materials with elastic property on the behavior of structural infilled frames. The scope of the work covers the elastic behavior of reinforced concrete frame with brick masonry infill with three different elastic interface materials, namely the commonly used cement mortar, cork and Rubber Foam. The objective is achieved by both numerical and experimental studies. It is found that with the addition of masonry infill wall rigidly connected to the frame, the lateral strength, and the stiffness of the bare RC frame increase significantly. Compared with the infill wall with rigid elastic connection, the strength, the stiffness and the energy-dissipation capacity contributed by the infill wall with flexible elastic connection drop significantly, but the displacement of the structures rises up.

Nanowires are one of the most promising nano-building blocks for many applications, including sensors/biosensors, electronics, photonics, energy conversion and storage devices, MEMS and NEMS, biotechnology and nanomedicine. With the growing demands of multi-purpose and multi-functional materials in these fields, different types of multi-component nanowires with complex structures have been designed and fabricated. Among various fabrication methods, porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and polycarbonate (PC) membranes are well-established hard templates that have been used for synthesizing a variety of nanowires and nanowire structures. In this article, a comprehensive review of template-synthesized multi-component nanowire structures has been given, including multi-segmented, core-shell and multi-element nanowires, which can be synthesized by using these hard templates in a sequential or parallel way. Besides, the assembly and integration of different functions and properties into smaller and lighter devices require careful interfacial design and synthesis of multi-component nanowires. The interfacial structure and properties, such as interface uniformity, intermetallic compound formation and surface oxidation, have significant impact on the electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, functionality, stability and reliability of nanowire-based electronics and devices. A rational interfacial design is crucially important to improve these properties of nanowire devices for emerging multi-functional sensors and actuators, due in fact that sensors and actuators are among the most important components in many electronics and products. Multi-component nanowire based sensors and actuators have potential applications in a wide range of mechanical, electrical, thermal, and biomedical devices.

This study is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system that switches (ON/OFF) a pump motor by sensing the moisture content of the soil using wireless technology. Through GSM Modem, the sensed moisture content data will be sent as an SMS to the user. The project uses 8051 series microcontroller, which is programmed to receive the input signal of varying moistures of the soil through sensors. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator which acts as interface between the sensing device and the microcontroller. Once the controller receives the signal, it generates an output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. It also sends an SMS to the concerned number using GSM modem. An LCD display is also interfaced to the microcontroller to display the status of the soil and water pump ON/Off condition. The sensing arrangement is made using two stiff metallic rods inserted to the agricultural field required to be in control. Connections from the metallic rods are interfaced to the control unit. This concept can also be enhanced by integrating XBEE/Bluetooth technology, such that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, the information is sent to a smart mobile phone or XBEE transceiver module regarding the status of the pump.

This article summarizes a series of interconnected researches exploring the potential of applying topological interlocking methodologies to the field of architectural design and fabrication. Specifically, it describes two concurrent approaches to design with interlocking units: the first relying on parametric design logics and mass-customized fabrication processes and the second implementing discrete combinatorial processes for both design and fabrication using modular units. We first outline the historical background of combinatorial thinking in architectural computing and describe the emergence of computational design and digital fabrication. We further present the recent evolution of a combinatorial design paradigm, which challenges the acquired parametric design methodologies in computational architecture research. We then present our research in the field of topological interlocking, focusing on a parametric design approach. We further describe implications of a shift from parametric to combinatorial design logics in architecture. Finally, we present the transition of the topological interlocking research from parametric to combinational logics. In these three sections, we describe design and fabrication methodologies for both approaches and evaluate the potentials and limitations of both. We present recent work in the development of software for combinatorial design within caad software, and its first application is to design topological interlocking systems. We conclude by outlining the future research directions and possibilities of integration between parametric and combinatorial processes in design, fabrication, and assembly of interlocking systems.

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019 The matrix converter is becoming a mature technology with its specific advantages and limitations and can be effectively used as interface link in the future smart grids. In this context, the stability of the converter under different power flow conditions is highly important and needs more clarification. The input inductor-capacitor filter can significantly impact the stability of the converter when the output is tightly regulated, especially in bidirectional power flow control applications where a low-impedance source is connected to the converter output. This study investigates the matrix converter stability for bidirectional power flow control, considering the input filter and other parameters of the system. A detailed analysis of two commonly used active and passive stabilisation techniques known as digital filter and damping resistor approaches is presented, and a combination of these two methods is suggested as a better choice. The converter stability region for the proposed technique is determined by using the small-signal model of the converter. The converter performance for the methods is compared in terms of the efficiency, stability, transients, and quality of the input and output currents. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted on a prototype direct matrix converter to validate the proposed method.

This medium has moved from guerrilla-style AR street art to interactive, large, public space murals. Gain a general insight into the progression of AR art, learn best practices for digital artists to create interactive works, gain insight into a practical workflow of how to create works in this new medium.

A context broker is a reliable message-relaying service used to connect devices by integrating all device protocols and communication methods, and reliably transporting messages while isolating data from other application service layers and networking complexities. A highly scalable decentralized context broker stack is composed of three layers—starting with a peer-to-peer network connecting a byzantine fault-tolerant (i.e., blockchain-based) consensus protocol—and it manages the communication using a web-socket streaming protocol as interface to other applications. This paper presents such a concept for a decentralized context broker stack for intercommunication between heterogeneous materials handling systems, and deploys the stack as proof-of-concept using ROS-based robots in a logistics scenario.

The signal from a resistive sensor must be converted into a digital signal to be compatible with a computer through an interface circuit. Resistance-to-Period converter, used as interface, is preferred if the resistance variations are very large. This paper presents the structure of an interface circuit for resistive sensors that is highly robust to component and power supply variations. Robustness is achieved by using the ratiometric approach, thus complex circuits or highly accurate voltage references are not necessary. To validate the proposed approach, a prototype was implemented using discrete components. Measurements were carried out considering a variation of &plusmn, 35% in the single supply voltage and a range from 1 k &Omega, to 1 M &Omega

This paper presents the study of the effect of transformer’s turn ratio mismatch on the performance of dual active bridge (DAB) converter. DAB converter was part of the components of a solid state transformer (SST) where it provides galvanic isolation as well as interface systems with different voltage level. In this study, a DAB circuit was developed and the performance was examined in both MATLAB Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The DAB system was examined under five different transformer ratio. The behavior of the DAB shows a comparable results under both test platform. The real-time performance of DAB converter has shown an efficiency up to 95.91%.

This paper discussed a research conducted on an automotive manufacturing company in Indonesia. Breakdown occurs when a machine or equipment is damaged; while downtime shows the time it takes the machine to restore the machine’s ability to be able to perform its functions as before. One of the most important benefits in downtime data layout is the ability to measure the potential costs due to downtime. Therefore, in other words to get accurate cost calculation results, it requires a machine that automatically records the time of breakdown (downtime). Based on this condition, we design the automated downtime recording equipment made using Omron CJ1M-CPU11 PLC and HMI (Human Machine Interface) as interface or human link interface with PLC that will display the data of downtime calculation. The process of making automatic downtime recorders is done in several stages: designing, manufacturing, and testing. With this automatic downtime keeper, the previous downtime logging is still done automatically. Thus, the downtime data obtained becomes more accurate.

The upcoming of internet of things draws interest of many companies and leads to the creation of smart environments. The foundation necessary for this purpose lies in the integration of sensors, which continuously provide context data of their environment. Based on this context, changes of state in the environment, i.e., situations, can be detected. However, with the huge amount of heterogeneous context and its processing, new challenges arise. Simultaneously, the dynamic behavior of the environment demands automated mechanisms for applications to adapt to the situations automatically and in a timely manner. To meet this challenge, we present (1) the situation model as a data model for integrating all data related to situation recognition, and (2) the management and provisioning of situations based on this situation model to further decouple situation recognition and applications adapting to recognized situations. Furthermore, we present a prototypical implementation of the situation model and its management.

The goal of interface management is to identify, define, control, and verify interfaces; ensure compatibility; provide an efficient system development; be on time and within budget; while meeting stakeholder requirements. This paper will present a successful seven-step approach to interface management used in several NASA flight projects. The seven-step approach using Model Based Systems Engineering will be illustrated by interface examples from the Materials International Space Station Experiment-X (MISSE-X) project. The MISSE-X was being developed as an International Space Station (ISS) external platform for space environmental studies, designed to advance the technology readiness of materials and devices critical for future space exploration. Emphasis will be given to best practices covering key areas such as interface definition, writing good interface requirements, utilizing interface working groups, developing and controlling interface documents, handling interface agreements, the use of shadow documents, the importance of interface requirement ownership, interface verification, and product transition.

In the cooling system of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module, the reliability of thermal grease is of crucial importance in the heat dissipation of IGBT module. In order to study the influence of thermal grease, thermal interface material (TIM) between IGBT module and heat sink, on the junction temperature of IGBT module under long-term load profiles, a 3-D thermal network based on thermal grease temperature monitoring is proposed. Firstly, the finite element method (FEM) simulation model of IGBT module using thermal grease as TIM is established. Then, considering thermal coupling effect, the temperature distribution of thermal grease is obtained and the temperature monitoring points of thermal grease are determined in FEM simulation. Finally, a 3-D thermal network is established to monitor the temperature in all regions of thermal grease. The influence of thermal grease degradation on the junction temperature of IGBT module is analyzed and the temperature distribution of thermal grease under long-term load profiles is obtained. The proposed 3-D thermal network model based on the temperature monitoring of thermal grease can increase the accuracy of IGBT module reliability analysis.

Technological innovations in electrical systems require the development of testing and validation tools that provide a safe environment and allow configuring different operating conditions. In this regard, power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation is a suitable tool that interacts with physical components knowing as hardware under test (HuT) according to a mathematical model. In this work, a PHIL simulation for both electrical source analysis and load studies as HuT using linear and nonlinear loads is carried out. It is performed by means of an ideal transformer model (ITM) as interface algorithm along with a feedback stage using digital filtering, where a state-space control is simulated and implemented in a real-time hardware and a voltage source inverter (VSI) is used as a power amplifier. Different loads are used to validate the PHIL implementation such as resistive load, resistive-inductive load, and a nonlinear load by considering a dc motor. In this work, two HuT are used, a transformer arrangement and a power inverter.

One of the main goals of the PilsenCUBE-II picosatellite project is to offer on board payload space for the student's experiments for the students from the various secondary schools of the western Bohemia. The students experiments have to be simple enough in scope of skills and abilities of the secondary schools students but should provide interesting results for satellite project. There is 6 student's experiments in the second round of competition. This experiments will be integrated into satellite as a parts of the measurement board (MES). The measurement board will provide the interface between these student's experiments (STE) and On-Board Computer (OBC) that is controlling the functions of the satellite and providing the communication with ground station.

This work shows a procedure for modeling and control of level and flow processes. It uses the EMSO simulator to connect to a process by means of a SIMATIC S7-200 PLC as interface for the communication between the process instrumentation and the controller computing system. In order to supervise the variables, a SIMULINK model was connected to a laboratory process module through OPC communication. The model obtained was used in the design of controllers PID and PBSM, which were tested for step disturbances of the set point and an imposed set point trajectory. RESUMEN : Este trabajo ilustra un procedimiento de modelado y control de procesos de nivel y flujo usando el simulador EMSO acoplado al proceso con un PLC SIMATIC S7-200 como interfaz de comunicación OPC entre la instrumentación del proceso y el sistema de cómputo del controlador. Para la supervisión de las variables del proceso se utilizó un modelo en SIMULINK conectado al proceso a través de comunicación OPC. El modelo obtenido fue utilizado en el diseño de controladores PID y PBSM, los cuales fueros probados ante saltos de set point y una trayectoria de set point impuesta. COL0056574

The realization of the Digital Optical Twin (DOT), which is in short the digital representation of the physical state of an optical system, is particularly useful in the context of an automated assembly process of optical systems. During the assembly process, the physical system status of the optical system is continuously measured and compared with the digital model. In case of deviations between physical state and the digital model, the latter one is adapted to match the physical state. To reach the goal described above, in a first step measurement/characterization technologies concerning their suitability to generate a precise digital twin of an existing optical system have to be identified and evaluated. This paper gives an overview of possible characterization methods and, finally, shows first results of evaluated, compared methods (e.g. spot-radius, MTF, Zernike-polynomials), to create a DOT. The focus initially lies on the unequivocalness of the optimization results as well as on the computational time required for the optimization to reach the characterized system state. Possible sources of error are the measurement accuracy (to characterize the system) , execution time of the measurement, time needed to map the digital to the physical world (optimization step) as well as interface possibilities to integrate the measurement tool into an assembly cell. Moreover, it is to be discussed whether the used measurement methods are suitable for a ‘seamless’ integration into an assembly cell.

The research community made enormous progress in the past years in developing algorithms for verifying software, as shown by international competitions. Unfortunately, the transfer into industrial practice is slow. A reason for this might be that the verification tools do not connect well to the developer work-flow. This paper presents a solution to this problem: We use verification witnesses as interface between verification tools and the testing process that every developer is familiar with. Many modern verification tools report, in case a bug is found, an error path as exchangeable verification witness. Our approach is to synthesize a test from each witness, such that the developer can inspect the verification result using familiar technology, such as debuggers, profilers, and visualization tools. Moreover, this approach identifies the witnesses as an interface between formal verification and testing: Developers can use arbitrary (witness-producing) verification tools, and arbitrary converters from witnesses to tests; we implemented two such converters. We performed a large experimental study to confirm that our proposed solution works well in practice: Out of 18 966 verification results obtained from 21 verifiers, 14 727 results were confirmed by witness-based result validation, and 10 080 of these results were confirmed alone by extracting and executing tests, meaning that the desired specification violation was effectively observed. We thus show that our approach is directly and immediately applicable to verification results produced by software verifiers that adhere to the international standard for verification witnesses.

Sejak pertama kali komputer ditemukan, keyboard selalu menjadi alat utama yang menjadi penghubung interaksi antara manusia dan komputer. Saat ini banyak komputer yang menerapkan teknologi pengolahan citra untuk menjadikannya perantara interaksi antara komputer dan manusia.Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mencoba untuk menerapkan teknologi pengolahan citra yang digunakan untuk keyboard virtual pada aplikasi web. Digunakan webcam untuk menangkap citra ujung jari telunjuk. Hasil capture citra akan dikirimkan ke server localhost untuk diproses dengan image processing. Untuk mendeteksi ujung jari telunjuk, digunakan metode Haar Cascade Classifier. Proses pendeteksian tersebut menghasilkan koordinat yang akan dikirimkan ke aplikasi web yang selanjutnya dijadikan acuan untuk menentukan posisi tombol pada keyboard virtual. Sehingga keyboard virtual akan menampilan karakter sesuai dengan yang ditunjuk oleh ujung jari telunjuk.Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, jarak optimal ujung jari telunjuk dengan webcam adalah 20 – 35 cm. Derajat kemiringan ujung jari telunjuk untuk dapat terdeteksi antara 0° – 10°. Sistem mampu mengenali ujung jari telunjuk pada ruangan berlatar belakang putih polos dan terdapat sedikit perabot. Waktu respon untuk menampilkan karakter keyboard virtual rata-rata 5,156 detik. Sehingga keyboard virtual pada sistem ini belum mampu dijadikan antarmuka pada aplikasi web, dikarenakan masih sulit digunakan dalam mengarahkan ujung jari telunjuk ke tombol karakter yang diinginkan.Kata kunci—aplikasi web, Haar Cascade Classifier, keyboard virtual, pengolahan citra AbstractSince the first computer was founded, keyboard is always been a primary tool for interaction between humans and computers. Today, many computers use image processing technology to make interaction between computers and humans.The author try to apply image processing technology that implemented to virtual keyboard on web application. Using a webcam to capture the tip of index finger and the results will be sent to the localhost server for processing with image processing. Using Haar Cascade Classifier method to detect the tip of index finger, it will produce coordinates that sent to the web application and it used as a reference for determining button positions on virtual keyboard. Virtual keyboard characters will display after appointed by the tip of index finger.From testing results, optimal distance from index finger to webcam is 20 – 35 cm. System can recognize the tip of index finger on white background and room with few furnitures. Average response time for displaying virtual keyboard sentences is 3 minutes and 28.838 seconds. So the virtual keyboard on this system was not able to be used as interface on web application, because it difficult to use in directing the tip of index finger to the character keys.Keywords—web application, Haar Cascade Classifier, virtual keyboard, image processing

An electrocardiograph was designed and implemented, being capable of obtaining electrical signals from the heart, and sending this data via Bluetooth to a tablet, in which the signals are graphically shown. The user interface was done through an Android application. Because of the technological progress and the increasing use of full portable systems, such as tablets and cell phones, it is important to understand the functioning and development of an application, which provides a basis for conducting studies using this technology as an interface. The project development includes concepts of electronics and its application to achieve a portable and functional final project, besides using a specific programmable integrated circuit for electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and electromyogram, the ADS1294. Using a simulator of cardiac signals, 36 different waveforms were recorded, including normal sinus rhythm, arrhythmias and artifacts. Simulations include variations of heart rate from 30 to 190 beats per minute (BPM), with variations in peak amplitude of 1 mV to 2 mV. Tests were performed with a subject at rest and in motion, observing the signals obtained and the damage to their interpretation due to the introduction of muscle movement artifacts in motion situations. Another test, only at rest, was performed in a second subject in order to detect Wolff-Parkinson-White’s syndrome.

The paper aims to research on online mind map as interface of learning resource integration and sharing. We developed a web application that provides a interface to allow users to create a knowledge mind map. With the online mind mapping tool, the electronic learning resource will be discovered and shared in the form of subject-oriented package, it is more flexibly than the other E-Learning systems, and the interaction and cooperation of the users are strengthened to some extent.

Conventional buildings waste a huge quantity of energy and generate significant amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) — approximately 40% in the developed world and 33% elsewhere. Conventional buildings have been built for years without consideration being given to their impact on global warming. Since 1973, simulation of Green Building (GB) for energy efficiency started and many countries in particular the US showed a positive response to minimize the usage of energy in respect to reducing the CO2 emission. The last decade has witnessed rapid growing number of researches on GB energy efficiency system. However, studies indicate that the results of current GB simulations are not satisfactory to meet its objectives. In addition, to that, GB is an expensive investment compared to conventional building. The purpose of this research is to design and model Intelligent Green Building (IGB) that almost satisfies the objectives of IGB by using appropriate modern cost-effective technology like Actuator Sensor Interface (ASI) known AS-Interface. This method reduces the initial, running, and maintenance costs of electrical/electronic devices and limit wiring installations with significant amount of reduction ∼ 50%. In this paper the objectives and scope of IGB has been briefly discussed to demonstrate this research works complies within the economical and cost-effective design.

Nowadays, the role and functionality of power supply system of the consumer (PSC) increases. As interface between the power distribution system and consumer power system, PSC has a strong influence on quality and efficiency of energy and implicitly on the level of energy costs. Besides specific measures for increasing efficiency and reduction of energy costs, the industrial consumer is interested both, in economic and in technical evaluation of power transformer included in PSC, and in its impact on the total energy cost. The paper deals with the methodology of electric energy billing for the case of Romanian industrial consumers. A procedure is proposed for the evaluation of the cost of consumer energy, putting in evidence the losses in PSC when the measurement point is on LV. The loading factor of PSC transformer is determined and the efficiency of PSC transformer replacement is obtained. The application of this procedure is done for a PSC of 100 kVA which supplies an industrial consumer. This procedure can be the basis for development of a system for power control and monitoring with the aim to minimize electricity demand costs.

“Dimensioning 1,2,3” are three virtual reality animations part of ‘Live Architectures’, a series of digital artworks I created over time in a multifaceted production developed to shake-up the static concept of design and exploring architecture as interface. Live Architectures series analyse changes in liquid space through a variety of techniques, technologies and devices, often using augmented reality and virtual reality as mediums. Animations, video, installations, net art, interactive projects and videomapping, all become instruments of research targeted at the different ways space is configured and how it is generated from electronic language, from the interaction with humans to the way they blend and melt together at a given point.