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A bow and an arrow are two components of one weapon. They are useless without each other. Although many ancient peoples used this weapon, it was the Turks who made use of it most efficiently. The words bow and arrow occur even among Turkic ethnic names. They are also symbols of hegemony. There are historical and legendary records about the political meaning of bow and arrow, the former signifying sovereignty and the latter subordination. That comprehension made some influences over the Turkic state organisations. Supreme rulers used to send arrows to the subject tribal leaders to invite them to a meeting or gathering. The tool for convocation was an arrow. The tribal leaders receiving the arrows went to the decided place to meet the assembly, together with their subject companions and forces, if they met for a quarrel. But it was undoubtedly the battlefields where bows and arrows carried out their essential functions. Ancient Turks used mostly normal arrows, with plenty of written and archaeological records. Bows and arrows were also used for entertainment and festivities. Shooting arrows while riding a horse was the most important contest among them. Bows and arrows functioned also in some occasions in religious issues. Arrow was a prophecy tool used by the oracles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During an archery competition, archers frequently fail to correctly adjust their bow's sight so that their arrow groups are centred on the target. Arrows are shot in ends of three or six, depending on the phase of the competition, and consequently each end provides very limited data on which to make sight adjustments, although at the conclusion of the competition it is usually obvious if an archer has succeeded in the task or not. This paper considers three sight optimisation processes with a view to minimise score loss both in ranking rounds and in matches. It is shown that archers should take a more aggressive rather than a less aggressive approach to sight movements, especially for the first end. Each sight adjustment process can be implemented using a simple look-up table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orienting attention by social gaze cues shares some characteristics with orienting attention by non-social arrow cues, but it is unclear whether they rely on similar neural mechanisms. The present ALE-meta-analysis assessed the pattern of brain activation reported in 40 single experiments (18 with arrows, 22 with gaze), with a total number of 806 participants. Our findings show that the network for orienting attention by social gaze and by non-social arrow cues is in part functionally segregated. Orienting by both types of cues relies on the activity of brain regions involved in endogenous attention (the superior frontal gyrus). Importantly, only orienting by gaze cues was also associated with the activity of brain regions involved in exogenous attention (medial frontal gyrus), processing gaze, and mental state attribution (superior temporal sulcus, temporoparietal junction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traditional Turkish archery, a feather is attached to the back of the arrows to prevent them from changing direction during flight after being shot. While these attached feathers ensure that the arrow flies on a smooth route after being shot, it causes aerodynamic factors that affect the movement of the arrow due to its friction with the air. In the study, the effects of the geometry parameters of the feathers in the traditional Turkish arrow on the aerodynamic factors were comparatively examined. To examine the movements of the arrows in the air, aerodynamic analyzes were carried out by using computational fluid dynamics CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) for each arrow type, taking into account the changes in the flow drag force values. By examining the acoustic power level in decibel units, the performance of the arrows from the bow was evaluated in terms of range and sound, and the results obtained through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A penetrating brain injury is a rare type of neurosurgical trauma associated with extremely high mortality and disability rates. Penetrating skull base injuries caused by arrows seldom occur because injuries caused by such weapons are more likely to be accidental. However, the number of self-inflicted injuries is increasing, and these injuries have varying patterns and high mortality rates. We report a case of a transoral penetrating craniocerebral injury caused by an arrow in a suicidal patient. Preoperative imaging is crucial for detecting and planning the surgical approach. Surgery is an effective treatment for this type of injury. Additionally, we reviewed previous case reports on this type of injury to provide recommendations for its clinical detection and treatment.

Türkiye’de Orta Çağ kazılarında çıkarılan ve Orta Çağ’a ait temrenler üzerine çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Özellikle Orta Çağ’da, temrenlerin bilinmeyen yönleri bulunmaktadır. Bu bilinmeyenlerin ortaya çıkarılması için arkeometalurji çalışmaları günümüzde daha çok önem kazanmaktadır. Temrenlerde, diğer arkeolojik kazı buluntularında olduğu gibi etrafında bulunan diğer eserlerin varlığına veya katmanlarına göre dönem tespiti yapılmaktadır, ancak yaş tespiti dönemin üretim ve şekillendirme işlemleri hakkında bilgi vermemektedir. Bu anlamda, bu çalışmada Konya Gevale Kalesi bölgesinde bulunan temrenler arkeometalurjik yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Konya Gevale Kalesi civarında bulunan temrenlerin farklı tipolojiye sahip olduğu ve temrenlerin tipolojisiyle kullanım amacı arasında bir ilişki olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. On üç yıllık kazılar sonrasında bulunan temrenler arasından i) yassı ve ii) dörtgen geometriye sahip iki farklı temren seçilerek analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen kimyasal ve mikroyapısal analizler sonucunda temrenlerin ait olduğu dönemin üretim ve şekillendirme yöntemleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olunmuştur. Temrenlerin yüzey ve mikroyapı incelemelerinde taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile elementel analiz spektroskopisi (EDS) ve optik mikroskop kullanılmıştır. Temrenlerin faz yapısı x-ışını kırınım (XRD) yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemelerle, o dönemin sahip olduğu teknoloji nedeniyle üretim ve şekillendirme için daha çok yumuşak çelik grubu kullanılmıştır. Aynı zamanda üretim sırasında izabe işlemlerinin yeterli ölçüde yapılamadığını ve bu nedenle çelik içerisinde istenmeyen elementlerin mevcudiyeti de gözlemlenmiştir. Öte yandan temren üretiminde genellikle döküm ve dövme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Temrenler, uzun yıllar boyunca toprak altında kaldığı için bulundukları ortamla etkileşime girerek homojen bir şekilde korozyona uğramıştır. Ancak bulundukları ve maruz kaldıkları ortamda zaman içerisinde meydana gelen değişimler nedeniyle iç katmanlara doğru farklı korozyon ürünleri oluşumu söz konusudur.

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This article focuses on increasing the single-mode power in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) through the strategic integration of an antiresonant oxide islands. Using a gallium arsenide-based VCSEL as a case study, we explore the influence of oxide island parameters on lateral mode discrimination in term of threshold currents and emitted powers. The analysis confirms non-uniform variations in threshold currents, with varying oxide island position and size. Leveraging the spatial hole burning effect, we compute the output power and identify optimal island configurations for maximizing single-mode power. The results showcase the efficacy of antiresonant oxide islands in significantly enhancing single-mode power output in VCSELs.

The collection of winter garlic from Yekaterinburg was transferred to the Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Republic of Dagestan. The Ekaterinburg collection contained specimens of Dagestan origin; when transferred to Dagestan, it was significantly expanded with local forms. Total studied in 2021-2022 60 samples, all of them belong to the group of autumn shooters.According to the average mass of bulbs over 20 g, seven samples were distinguished: 1-4-3, 1-20-2, 1-20-3, 1-21-3, 1-21-4, 2-5-3, 2-9-2. They also noted the largest masses of bulbs – 25,8- 30,4 g, the coefficient of variation did not exceed 33%. For reproduction by air bulbs, taking into account their number and weight of the bulb, out of seven samples marked by the mass of the bulb, three were distinguished: 1-4-3, 1-21-4 and 2-9-2, the indicators exceed the average values. According to the maximum mass of an air bulb (150 mg), sample 1-22-2 stood out, but this sample had an average bulb weight of 13,9 g. Sample 2-13-1 also exceeded the average values for the number of bulbs and bulb mass, but it had an average bulbs less than 20 g and a coefficient of variation of 41%. The results of studying the collection of Dagestan origin showed that the samples represented a complex population with high differentiation in bulb mass and inflorescence characteristics, which made it possible to isolate the source material using individual selection. According to the average mass of bulbs, samples 1-4-3, 1-20-2, 1-20-3, 1-21-3, 1-21-4, 2-5-3, 2-9-2 were distinguished, of which for propagation by air bulbs –samples 1-4-3, 1-21-4 and 2-9-2.

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Gaze stimuli can shape attention in a peculiar way as compared to non-social stimuli. For instance, in a spatial Stroop task, gaze stimuli elicit a reversed congruency effect (i.e., faster responses on incongruent than on congruent trials) as compared to arrows, for which a standard congruency effect emerges. Here, we tested whether the reversed congruency effect observed for gaze can emerge for other social signals such as pointing gestures. Participants discriminated the direction (left or right) indicated by gaze and pointing finger stimuli that appeared leftwards or rightwards with respect to a central fixation spot. Arrows were also employed as control non-social stimuli. A reversed congruency effect emerged for the gaze, whereas a standard congruency effect emerged for both the pointing finger and the arrows. This suggests that the reversed congruency effect is specific to gaze stimuli and does not embrace all social signals conveying spatial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A history of the transformation of public finance into public economics necessarily involves an understanding of the tension between positive and normative statements, that is a history of how public economists dealt with Robbins's requirements that economists should not make normative statements. In this paper, we propose to contribute to this history by discussing and comparing the works of two major economists of the 20th century, Paul Samuelson and James Buchanan. We show that they both use the same strategy to deal with the positive/normative tension: they adopt a reduced scale of analysis to escape normative judgements – the family for Samuelson and small groups (clubs) for Buchanan. What they do manage at this level is to create examples or models which remove that normative response from the theorist, and ascribe it to the participants. The normative views of the theorist are not involved. Yet, when one shifts back to a larger scale, the positive element of the analysis is less clear, at least in Samuelson's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the conditions of reconstruction or technical re-equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises, there are cases of absence or impossibility of using the necessary universal lifting and transport means, in particular, construction tower or selfpropelled jib cranes at the installation sites. In such situations, they resort to the construction of specialized rigging and installation installations, which are based on the use of rigging and installation mechanisms, rigging devices and rigging equipment. The given sequence of actions, definitions and calculations at the same time practically excludes the adoption of unfounded and erroneous decisions. Most often, such installations are located near the facade walls of buildings, equipped with installation slots and loading and receiving platforms, hoists and cargo winches. Choose the design, location and means of fastening the mounting beam or boom. The load capacity of the winch, from among those in the distribution, is specified and accepted. Determine the required multiplicity of the hoist, its efficiency, the amount of tensile and breaking forces in the load rope. Choose the type and diameter of the rope, as well as its length. Determine the rope capacity of the cargo winch drum and specify its technical characteristics. Choose the location and method of securing the winch. If necessary, calculate the mass of the ballast counterweight. Choose the location and method of attachment of the diverter block, determine the amount of force exerted by this block on the building structure or anchor. Choose the type of anchor and, if necessary, calculate its stability. If it is necessary to pull the load from the front wall of the building or structure, calculate the pulling force and choose the necessary winch or hoist for this. The effort to pull the cargo from the receiving platform into the premises and the technical means required for this are determined.

O estudo tem por intuito tecer reflexões em relação à recorrência ao passado na série de TV Arrow. O protagonista, que fora dado como morto, é resgatado em uma ilha e passa a atuar como vigilante em sua cidade natal. Pretende-se compreender a recorrência a flashbacks, referentes ao tempo vivido na ilha, em diálogo com a narrativa em curso. Para tanto, por meio de uma perspectiva narratológica, recorre-se aos pressupostos teóricos de Gennette (1989), a respeito do discurso da narrativa, com menções pontuais à Barthes (2011) e Metz (2014); e às considerações de Jost (2007), Mittell (2012) e García (2016), a respeito das séries de TV contemporâneas. Identifica-se em Arrow três sentidos quanto à recorrência ao passado: o explicativo exclusivo, que explica uma habilidade adquirida; o explicativo por conjunção, que requer outros flashbacks para compreensão; e o de contraposição, que auxilia na construção psicológica do protagonista.

We investigate the existence of metric spaces which, for any coloring with a fixed number of colors, contain monochromatic isomorphic copies of a fixed starting space K. In the main theorem we construct such a space of size 2 ℵ 0 for colorings with ℵ 0 colors and any metric space K of size ℵ 0 . We also give a slightly weaker theorem for countable ultrametric K where, however, the resulting space has size ℵ 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has demonstrated that social cues (e.g., eye gaze, walking direction of biological motion) can automatically guide people's focus of attention, a well-known phenomenon called social attention. The current research shows that voluntarily generated social cues via visual mental imagery, without being physically presented, can produce robust attentional orienting similar to the classic social attentional orienting effect. Combining a visual imagery task with a dot-probe task, we found that imagining a non-predictive gaze cue could orient attention towards the gazed-at hemifield. Such attentional effect persisted even when the imagery gaze cue was counter-predictive of the target hemifield, and could be generalized to biological motion cue. Besides, this effect could not be simply attributed to low-level motion signal embedded in gaze cues. More importantly, an eye-tracking experiment carefully monitoring potential eye movements demonstrated the imagery-induced attentional orienting effect induced by social cues, but not by non-social cues (i.e., arrows), suggesting that such effect is specialized to visual imagery of social cues. These findings accentuate the demarcation between social and non-social attentional orienting, and may take a preliminary step in conceptualizing voluntary visual imagery as a form of internally directed attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is concerned with the famous hymn to Vāc (RV X 125). Vāc is the Vedic goddess of voice, and the hymn is composed in the ātmastuti (self-praising) style, which heavily relies on the polyptoton of first-person pronoun aham. Phonological puns such as anagrams and alliterations enrich the message of the poet, who depicts Voice/Speech as the world’s primordial principle. The famous expression ‘Me have the gods distributed in many places’ (v. 3c) is interpreted as a grammatical allusion to name inflection. The second part focuses on the actual emission of sound waves and its conceptualization in ancient cultures, particularly with reference to Vedic and Greek thought and to the imagery of speech as a sharp arrow that strikes the air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to show a first approximation which allows a better understanding of the iconography of St Sebastian. Firstly, it will be considered what literary sources such as Passio refers about him. Secondly, this thesis will analyze the evolution of the iconography of this military saint until Contemporary art, taking into account some written sources. Finally, it will be given consideration to the influence of his iconographic model and his first martyrdom in audiovisual media.

As a form of extralegal crimefighting, vigilantism involves relevant questions about crime, justice, and law enforcement, and it is a staple of popular media. In the 1980s, several popular culture products took a critical approach to vigilantism as a part of the deconstruction of the superhero genre, which included a critical reflection on the psychological and political implications of the motivations behind private justice enforcers’ behavior. In this context, this paper focuses on the representation of vigilantism within the popular television show Arrow, and analyzes how it depicts, rationalizes, and ultimately exonerates vigilantism as a response to criminal activity. The empirical analysis focuses on the various rhetorical strategies used by Arrow to justify vigilantism, such as the representation of legal and governmental institutions as corrupt and inefficient, the multiple rationales whereby vigilantism is practiced, and the sanctioning of private crimefighting by institutions. The analysis indicates that the show delivers an apology for the vigilante ethos: Arrow mirrors superheroes’ dark turn in the 1980s and their reflection of societal fears about crime. However, in the show’s worldview, these fears can only be appeased by private vigilantes. By portraying the state as inefficient and/or corrupt, the show boosts ideologies of individualism and anti-government neoliberalism.

Using behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures, the present study examined whether eye gaze triggers a unique form of attentional orienting toward threat-relevant targets. A threatening or neutral target was presented after a non-predictive gaze or an arrow cue. In Experiment 1, reaction times indicated that eye gaze and arrow cues triggered different attention orienting towards threatening targets, which was confirmed by target-elicited P3b latency in Experiment 2. Specifically, for targets preceded by arrow and gaze cues, P3b peak latency was shorter for neutral targets than threatening targets. However, the latency differences were significantly smaller for gaze cues than for arrow cues. Moreover, target-elicited N2 amplitude indicated a significantly stronger cue validity effect of eye gaze than that of arrows. These findings suggest that eye gaze uniquely triggers spatial attention orienting to socially threatening information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of reconstruction or technical re-equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises, there are cases of absence or impossibility of using the necessary universal lifting and transport means, in particular, construction tower or selfpropelled jib cranes at the installation sites. In such situations, they resort to the construction of specialized rigging and installation installations, which are based on the use of rigging and installation mechanisms, rigging devices and rigging equipment. The given sequence of actions, definitions and calculations at the same time practically excludes the adoption of unfounded and erroneous decisions. Most often, such installations are located near the facade walls of buildings, equipped with installation slots and loading and receiving platforms, hoists and cargo winches. Choose the design, location and means of fastening the mounting beam or boom. The load capacity of the winch, from among those in the distribution, is specified and accepted. Determine the required multiplicity of the hoist, its efficiency, the amount of tensile and breaking forces in the load rope. Choose the type and diameter of the rope, as well as its length. Determine the rope capacity of the cargo winch drum and specify its technical characteristics. Choose the location and method of securing the winch. If necessary, calculate the mass of the ballast counterweight. Choose the location and method of attachment of the diverter block, determine the amount of force exerted by this block on the building structure or anchor. Choose the type of anchor and, if necessary, calculate its stability. If it is necessary to pull the load from the front wall of the building or structure, calculate the pulling force and choose the necessary winch or hoist for this. The effort to pull the cargo from the receiving platform into the premises and the technical means required for this are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welded arrows are widely used as the main working element of earthmoving equipment. The wide use of such structures makes the task of ensuring their dimensional stability during manufacture urgent. After all, it is precisely the provision of dimensions within the limits of the designer's tolerance that contributes to the functionality of the product and the safety of its operation. It is shown that the optimization of the basing scheme in combination with the use of appropriate technological equipment provides acceptable indicators of dimensional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the deterioration of many bridges built during the period of rapid economic growth has become a problem. As a solution of it, preventive measures such as visual inspections and repairs by humans have been taken, but these methods have problems in terms of cost and safety. If inspection by robots becomes possible, both of these problems will be improved and it is expected to contribute greatly to the maintenance and management of bridges. Therefore, a number of robots have been developed for the purpose of bridge inspection. The among such inspection robots, wire-driven robots, which have less risk of falling and can perform close proximity or contact inspection, are attracting attention. However, one of the problems with this type of robot is that it is difficult to place the wire under the bridge when there is a river or road underneath it, or when it is very high. Thus, in this study, a shooting device for shooting arrows with attached strings was developed to solve this problem. We then conducted a shooting experiment and confirmed that the device aimed at the target automatically and shot the arrow. In addition, we created a simulation model of an arrow with a string attached to it to obtain information such as the shooting angle of the arrow in advance. Then, the flight trajectory and horizontal flight distance of the arrows were compared between the actual and simulated data, and the consistency was confirmed.

Bows have been used by humankind since prehistoric times. Initially used by hunters to meet their food needs, simple bows with a wooden body and a beam made of plant fiber or animal skin evolved over time into the indispensable deadly compound bow of the battlefields made with sinew, horn, and adhesive. However, since the bows were made of organic materials such as wood, leather, plant fiber, sinew, and horn, most of them decayed over time and were lost in nature. Thus, very few bows survived intact. Hence, visual works and cuneiform texts depicted on steles, obelisks, reliefs, seals, and door bands constitute our main source of information on bows. Numerous archaeological and epigraphic materials on bows dated to the Neo-Assyrian Period (1000-612 BC) have been unearthed as a result of scientific studies. Studies on these materials give important information on the use of bows in many different areas such as hunting activities, battlefields, religious ceremonies, and curse texts but also show that they were used as a symbol of kings' military victories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação e Sociedade is the property of Universidade do Minho, Centro de Estudos de Comunicacao e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oral tradition products have an important place in the history of all old and new civilizations because of their many cultural, economic and social functions. This tradition, which is shaped around the needs of the humanity, incorporates the cultural codes of the society to which it belongs, due to the functions it contains. In this sense, it should be said that epics constitute an important part of the oral tradition of the Turkic world. Moreover, in the Turkic world, the representatives of this tradition have continued to perform epics vividly until recent years. Therefore, the Turkic epic tradition is not only a tradition dating back to ancient times, but also a tradition that reveals the Turkic cultural basin since it is lives in a wide geography. So that, these traditional products are an important field of study that can vividly convey the world view, life styles and attitudes of the Turks in general. As a matter of fact, based on this -on the basis of recorded texts- the epics of the Turkic world have been examined many times by researchers in terms of classification, theme, structure etc. In other words, epics had been handled from various perspectives such as literary, aesthetic, thematic, historical, cultural, and traditional in the previous examinations. However, there are also studies that examine these epic products in terms of performing tradition. In epic works with heroic themes, one of the important topics is also the extraordinary weapons that provide information in terms of security as well as cultural and social issues. In this context, the issue of extraordinary weapons is important in the Turkic world epics. The fact that the names of guns have an intense place with its epithets in these traditional products indicates the technological existence of weapon production in Turkic culture. This shows that the Turks had a technically advanced weapon technology in the past, and they kept this technology in the social memory through epics in the oral tradition and passed it on from generation to generation. At this point, it should be noted that one of the implicit functions of epics includes a structure that creates imaginations, mediating new and contemporary interpretations of information about the past. In this article, firstly, the researches dealing with weapons in Turkish epics are briefly mentioned, and then the short history of weapons in Turkish culture has been reviewed. Later, many epic texts have been analyzed in order to determine the extraordinary weapons that are frequently mentioned in the Turkic world epics. In this sense, “seven types of weapons” such as arrow, bow, sword, shield, spear, mace, and ax that are most frequently used in epics were determined. The features, designs, forms and changes in time of these weapons, which are very unqualified, compared to today’s weapon technology, are very important. In the article, extraordinary features of these weapons are evaluated with examples taken from many epics. Briefly, the purpose of this article is to introduce these weapons in the Turkic world epics to the scientific world in terms of extraordinary features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Excessive unilateral joint loads may lead to overuse disorders. Bilateral training in archery is only performed as a supportive coordination training and as a variation of typical exercise. However, a series of studies demonstrated a crossover transfer of training-induced motor skills to the contralateral side, especially in case of mainly unilateral skills. We compared the cervical spine and shoulder kinematics of unilateral and bilateral training archers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 25 (5 females, 48 ± 14 years) bilaterally training and 50 age-, sex- and level-matched (1:2; 47.3 ± 13.9 years) unilaterally training competitive archers were included. Cervical range of motion (RoM, all planes) and glenohumeral rotation were assessed with an ultrasound-based 3D motion analysis system. Upward rotation of the scapula during abduction and elevation of the arm were measured by means of a digital inclinometer and active shoulder mobility by means of an electronic caliper. All outcomes were compared between groups (unilaterally vs. bilaterally) and sides (pull-hand- vs. bow-hand-side). Results Unilateral and bilateral archers showed no between group and no side-to-side-differences in either of the movement direction of the cervical spine. The unilateral archers had higher pull-arm-side total glenohumeral rotation than the bilateral archers (mean, 95% CI), (148°, 144–152° vs. 140°, 135°-145°). In particular, internal rotation (61°, 58–65° vs. 56°, 51–61°) and more upward rotation of the scapula at 45 degrees (12°, 11–14° vs. 8°, 6–10°), 90 degrees (34°, 31–36° vs. 28°, 24–32°), 135 degrees (56°, 53–59° vs. 49°, 46–53°), and maximal (68°, 65–70° vs. 62°, 59–65°) arm abduction differed. The bow- and pull-arm of the unilateral, but not of the bilateral archers, differed in the active mobility of the shoulder (22 cm, 20–24 cm vs. 18 cm, 16–20 cm). Conclusions Unilaterally training archers display no unphysiologic movement behaviour of the cervical spine, but show distinct shoulder asymmetris in the bow- and pull-arm-side when compared to bilateral archers in glenohumeral rotation, scapula rotation during arm abduction, and active mobility of the shoulder. These asymmetries in may exceed physiological performance-enhancing degrees. Bilateral training may seems appropriate in archery to prevent asymmetries.

Purpose: To describe a case of a penetrating ocular trauma and plastic intraocular foreign body (IOFB), undetected on preoperative imaging. Observations: We present the findings of a 40-year-old male who sustained an open globe injury and IOFB composed of plastic following crossbow-related trauma. Preoperative detection of the IOFB was unsuccessful on clinical exam, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography. During extraction of the traumatic cataract, an intralenticular IOFB was discovered and removed through an enlarged limbal incision. Postoperative review revealed that a fragmented plastic “nock”, from the crossbow arrow bolt, was the likely IOFB source. The bolt was produced by injection molding which may lead to trapped gas within the plastic, causing radiolucency on CT. Conclusions and importance: Radiolucent plastic warrants consideration on the differential diagnosis when intraocular gas is noted on computed tomography following penetrating ocular trauma. Multimodal imaging should be considered if IOFB is suspected and not detected by CT.

Copyright of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (1673-2812) is the property of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Archery was a very important aspect in Turkish history. Examined from a broad perspective archery influenced almost every field from literature to art and from sport to politics. The main axis of the paper is archery and activities in arrow fields. Albeit being an important sport especially in the Ottoman classical period, range archery in terms of composition it was a significant subject influential in different social areas such as crafts and literature. The paper in-depth examines the officers serving in range shooting, distance unit, range opening rules, shooting areas, shooting times, participation conditions, categories, competition rules and range competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacandon oral tradition includes curing incantations which were believed to stop pains of a magical nature. The subject of the present study is a spell that is uttered to alleviate an acute and sudden pain that a person feels in a specific part of his/her body— arm, leg or chest. Such a pain is caused by an invisible arrow that has been shot by Kan Huuneh, a manifestation of Kisin, the evil god of the underworld. According to Lacandon beliefs, each person’s soul has a double which lives in the forest of the underworld in the shape of a spider-monkey. As Lacandon did in the past, Kisin hunts monkeys; and when his arrow pierces the arm, leg or chest of a monkey, the person whose soul’s double is that particular monkey feels the pain in the same part of her/his body. The incantation describes the technique of bow and arrow making, as well as the material used by Kan Huuneh/Kisin (for instance, the birds’ feathers he utilizes to feather his arrows), which does not fit at all Lacandon technical norms. The spell also mentions the places where Kan Huuneh might hide to shoot people, and finally it tells how Kisin’s arrow can be broken by the man who utters the magical words.

This study deals with rare manuscript with 361 pages talked about a type of weapon which is Arabic arrows in the manuscript titled (Al-EfadawaAl-Tabasur likul ram aw muhier) written by a man from Moroccan named Abdullah Bin Maymoon died in 700 H The importance of this manuscript is appeared in the hidden of its subject as the shooting , the writer explains in detail the benefit of Arabic arrows and their types as well as the speech of its owners and the important exercises that must train on it. This Manuscript reflects the scientific growing of art of making weapons in Islamic world , therefore, it would be as a resource for many centuries in which Ottoman had taken care of it and it becomes as source that can be back to it through the 19th century

This chapter is concerned with the meanings and purposes of the highly varied arrows and bows that were collected for the Official collection from the Western Division of British New Guinea during Sir William MacGregor's administration (1888-1898). As the data about provenance vital to their understanding has not been preserved, these objects largely remain in museum storage and unfortunately have not contributed to an understanding of the history and relationships surrounding their acquisition. Although commonly understood and displayed as weapons by colonial administrations, twentieth century research has emphasised their role in connecting disparate people through an extensive trade network and a shared mythic landscape. This focus on the uses and meanings, rather than the origin and fabrication, of arrows is discussed in the chapter to direct attention towards the events and relationships that instigated their inclusion in the Official collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shooting of a recurve bow was varied in two ways, changing draw distance and string length, to determine the relationship between work done in drawing the bowstring and the resulting kinetic energy of the arrow. It was shown that the kinetic energy of the arrow launched increases as the work on the string increases, with the efficiency decreasing as work increases, giving similar results to Allain’s investigation of a longbow.

We develop joint foundations for the fields of social choice and opinion pooling using coherent sets of desirable gambles, a general uncertainty model that allows to encompass both complete and incomplete preferences. This leads on the one hand to a new perspective of traditional results of social choice (in particular Arrow's theorem as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of an oligarchy and democracy) and on the other hand to using the same framework to analyse opinion pooling. In particular, we argue that weak Pareto (unanimity) should be given the status of a rationality requirement and use this to discuss the aggregation of experts' opinions based on probability and (state-independent) utility, showing some inherent limitation of this framework, with implications for statistics. The connection between our results and earlier work in the literature is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of archery in the city-state of Ugarit and argues that archery was more central to the military establishment than previously suggested. The article examines key texts found at the site, archaeological remains dug up in the early stages of Ugaritic research, and looks at the focus of archaeology on chariots rather than any other forms of warfare to suggest that archery was more fundamental to life in Ugarit and contemporary research has ignored this in favour of chariot-driven narratives. This study reveals important outcomes as its presence suggests that there was an archery connection between the palace and populace. In addition, its presence at the site and place as a part of the Ugaritic military structure is likely to have been more central to it than has been previously suggested. It strongly argues against positions advanced by Juan Pablo Vita and Marguerite Yon that have advocated for a primary role for chariots at Ugarit and it serving as a chariot entrepot. The interpretation argues for a position less towards chariotry and more towards a view that individual city-states, specifically Ugarit, and societies valued different weapons and that weapons were not evenly or monolithically applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the words in the vocabulary of a language provides researchers with many important data about the life, way of thinking, culture and philosophy of the society that speaks that language. In this study, the verb okı-, which has emerged from the earliest periods of the Turkic that can be followed with texts, will be examined in terms of its etymology and its appearance and meanings in certain historical texts from the oldest inscriptions of the Turkic will be examined. As a result of the examinations, it has been determined that there is no common consensus on the etymology of this word among the researchers. While some researchers have analyzed the verb "okı-" within the framework of language-culture relationship, they have stated that its etymology comes from the word "arrow", which is a war tool, while some have stated that this verb has nothing to do with the word "arrow" and comes directly from the root of "okı-", and some others have no clue about the etymology of the word. has not made any comments. In this article, it is aimed to illuminate the etymology of the verb "okı-", which is used in the Old Turkic meaning "to call, to invite" and whose etymology cannot be reached, and it has been tried to prove with some comparisons and evidence that the etymology of the word does not come from the word "arrow", which is a weapon of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]