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The study aims to assess the health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the evaluation and prescription of PA (physical activity) to develop public health measures to improve PA preventive interventions.; Methods: A cross‐sectional study, using a confidential self‐administered questionnaire applied to health practitioners involved in individual preventive services related to PA in Romania, was conducted. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was explored, and the data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics; Results: A total number of 464 health professionals (community nurses, family doctors, and other professional categories) completed all questionnaire. We found differences in knowledge distribution, with the lowest level for nurses (p<0.001). Women have a positive attitude toward PA counselling compared to men (p=0.037).The patient’s nutritional status (89.2%) and positive attitudes towards PA (42.0%) are the most mentioned factors that positively influence the PA prescription. Among barriers to prescribe PA, the most health professionals list: patient low compliance (65.3%) and lack of systematic training (63.8%); Conclusions: The participants have relatively good knowledge and positive attitudes toward the importance of PA. They feel self-confident and need public health support for systematic training, health-promoting resources, and national guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public ambulance services in Romania are defined by Law no. 95/2006 on health reform - with subsequent amendments and additions (1), as "public health units of strategic importance, with legal personality, under the coordination of the specialized department of the Ministry of Health", being directly subordinated to the Ministry of Health, according to Government Decision no. 144/2010 regarding the organization and functioning of the Ministry of Health (2), with subsequent amendments and additions. The financing of ambulance services is ensured from the state budget through the budget of the Ministry of Health, based on the provisions of article 100 of Law no. 95/2006 regarding health reform - with subsequent amendments and additions (1). The present research proposes the evaluation of human resources in the public ambulance services from the point of view of the number, training, training and financing of the staff. Human resources are a defining factor in ensuring a high quality level of prehospital emergency medical care. Following the analysis, there is a major shortage of specialized personnel, especially emergency medicine doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prenatal screening tests for aneuploidies have become increasingly used in maternal and fetal medicine. Given that all pregnancies associate a potential risk of Down syndrome, adequate knowledge of the tests, and their characteristics as well as facilitating decision-making autonomy are fundamental rights that must be respected. Objectives: Identification of the popularity of the tests, their perception and the factors associated with the acceptance or refusal to perform them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the South-East region of Romania, between April and September 2016. The data were collected from 275 postpartum women. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire and the data obtained were processed using the IBM SPSS 20.0 statistical software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The normality of the distribution was analyzed with Chi-square, Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. Factorial Analysis was carried out for the Principal Components of the scales for the reasons for performing and not performing. Results: The 2nd Trimester Morphology had the popularity as well as the highest rate of accomplishment (98.2% respectively 67.6%) among the investigated women. It is also the preferred recommendation of the specialists (81.1%). The least popular test was the TPNI, only 13.1% of the participants heard about it, as it was recommended in only 2% of the situations. Most of the participants perceived the screening tests as essential and useful, but 43.3% considered that they become mandatory if the doctor recommends them. The acceptance of the child with DS and the misperception of the risk were the main factors associated with the refusal of the test and the compliance with the recommendation of the specialist (system confidence), and social influence (non-acceptance of the Down syndrome by the society) were the main factors associated with the acceptance. Conclusions: The number of women who made the decision to accept the test was greater than the ones who refused. The amendment is that acceptance was based on the custom of socio-economic-medical compliance and responsibility. For many women, the motivation of acceptance meant alignment with the normality directed by the society and the system. Even the popularity of the tests carries the imprint of the beliefs and values of the system and the specialists involved. For an adequate perception and an autonomous and informed choice of women, the screening program must include adequate information and communication services by involving specialists responsible for multidisciplinary competencies. The percentage of completion and the type of test performed almost perfectly align with the recommendations received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to explain to what extent the mechanisms of truth-telling diagnostics and other relevant information to the patients suffering from vascular dementia (VaD) must be adapted to the seven stages of evolution represented by the pathology of this disease. We argue in favor of preserving a deontological moral approach of truth-telling for the first three stages of VaD in order to shift to a consequentialist moral background of guiding the moral actions and communicative acts of speech with VaD patients in the last three stages of their disease. The middle stage, known as stage 4, appears to be the most problematic since empirical observations of the patient's medical state are needed to shift from a deontological to a consequentialist approach at the first sign of the patients' compromised autonomy. As we develop and critically expose pro and against deontological and consequentialist mechanisms of truth-telling to VaD patients, our arguments lead to a puzzle of moral beliefs that we engage in these two moral backgrounds. We argue that the shift of these two moral types of truth-telling mechanisms depending on the patient's cognitive decline lies in the following assumptions: autonomy is a moral principle related to memory, and autonomy is regarded as a principle merely assigned to lucidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current social dynamism is a complex factor that contributes to the manifestation of some psychoemotional states that cause the appearance of both functional and neuropsychic disorders. In this context, in the present paper, we review the implications of psychosomatic diseases in regulating the psychoemotional status of patients based on the specialized literature in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of patients with psychosomatic diseases is constantly rising, as stressors have an increasing impact in the evolution of their health. Psychosomatic disorders reflect the causal relationship between stressors and physical illness, simultaneously affecting the appropriate functioning of the body and the patient’s cognitive abilities. In this context, this paper analyses the psycho-emotional status of patients with psychosomatic diseases based on a review of recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Family Medicine / Revista Română de Medicina Familiei is the property of Media DOM Express and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Risk assessment is an essential component of the occupational health and safety event prevention activity. The purpose of this study is to choose the most appropriate risk assessment method for hospitals. The main methods were compared. There are many assessment methods, each with its advantages and disadvantages, but none has been adapted to the specificities of hospital activity. We adapted the workplace assessment sheet from the INCDPM (National Research and Development Institute for Labor Protection Bucharest) method to the specific of the hospital units and used this method at the level of jobs, within the hospital's departments, calculating the global risk level per job position, workplace (department), and hospital. The clinical departments global risk level exceeds the average (3.00) for all jobs, but does not exceed, however, 3.50, representing an acceptable security level. For assess the psychosocial risks we used the ELVIE method. Looking ahead, the methods should be adapted to allow both numerical presentation of the results and graphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive disorder can be the result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The study aimed to identify the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of patients with depressive disorder hospitalized in "Dr. Constantin Gorgos" Titan Psychiatric Hospital during 2015-2018. In order to identify the differences between the population subgroups in terms of demographic and professional characteristics, a group of 1,217 continuously hospitalized patients and 2,040 day hospitalized patients in the Psychiatric Hospital "Constantin Gorgos" Titan in 2014-2018 was studied. The study is descriptive and, in the study, secondary data from the hospital database were analyzed. The analyzed data were collected during the hospitalization of patients with recurrent depressive disorder. The study identified differences between the analyzed subpopulations, differences that were similar to those identified in the literature. Thus, it was found that more women than men accessed the psychiatric medical services, the biggest difference between the distributions being found in the age group 50-59 years. A small proportion of patients have completed higher education and most of them are retired before reaching the standard retirement age. Most of them come from urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal Diagnostic Testing for Down's syndrome suspicion can have multiple physical and psychological implications. Women going through this process experience negative emotions both at the time of the invasive procedure and while waiting for the results. The aim of this study was to outline the emotional profile of women while waiting for the results and to assess the psychological disturbance experienced by them. It included 40 women who completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire and a demographics, experience, and knowledge questionnaire. Two-thirds of the women surveyed experienced anxiety, almost a quarter of them depression, a third anger, confusion, acute distress, and 15% total distress. The level of knowledge was medium and the perception of risk far from reality. The emotional profile obtained highlights the disturbance of the women's psychoemotional state. For better awareness and diminishing negative emotions, women who go through this process should benefit from adequate individualized information as well as genetic counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prenatal Diagnostics Testing is the only current method of clarifying suspicions on Down syndrome obtained as a result achieved through the increased risk screening. The pregnancy, by definition, is a period of great transformation, with multiple organic and psychological adaptation processes, while sensitivity touches high peaks and anything, as small as it could be, may disturb the equilibrium and cause psycho-emotional imbalances. Most often the diagnostic result of the screening is most likely to infirm the screening and will most probably reinstall the psycho-emotional stability, but mother's already anxious attitude may have already affected the child's future emotional development and behaviour. Methods: The present study is a narrative analysis, based on a collection of data from studies published in the databases of PubMed / Medline, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, Elsevier and ResearchGate. Results: From reviewing the studies, there have been highlighted three themes: associated psychological effects, consequences and coping methods and practices and methods that can influence the psychological effects. Conclusion: The consequences and psychological effects, closely linked to the necessary diagnostic procedures and possible outcomes, require more interest from specialists which are now more focused on the diagnostic component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptive transversal study aiming to identify the perceptions, barriers and needs for future training of nurses involved in clinical practice of the students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery from “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Bucharest. The study results identify the positive approach and commitment of nurses from the Burghele Clinical Hospital towards fulfilling their roles and mission in guiding the students practice. Some barriers and future needs were also revealed by the study, providing clues for future direction for improvement in nurse student's clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health is one of the components that condition the general health of the people with individual and population consequences. In this respect, the healthcare system designs initiatives to improve the oral health. The objectives of the study were: the analysis of interventions to promote oral health, both in Romania and in different European countries. Methodology: a documentary study that analyzed programs and interventions to promote oral health, adopted in different European countries. Results: Various and convergent interventions targeting diverse target groups, from children to family or the elderly, both in school and in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been a steady trend and an upward trend from the Romanians on nutrition. This is not only about informing the population about the structure and composition of foods, but also about the influence of food behaviour, combined with its effects in the body, to ensure a nutritional balance. Understanding the importance of the nutritional field, the population is continuously documenting and constantly informing about this, looking for specialized help, wanting to prevent the illnesses that can be caused by inadequate nutrition and to understand the implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term of "complex regional pain syndromes" (CRPS) was introduced by IASP (International Association for the Study of Pain) in 1994 and represents a group of algic disorders that may develop as a disproportional consequence of a minor trauma (contusion, fracture, postsurgical), usually in one extremity. There have been described 2 types of CRPS I, previously known as sympathetic dystrophy, develops following trauma with minor lesions and without obvious neurological impairment (with fractures, sprains, contusions or cutaneous lesions). CRPS II or causalgia has similar signs and symptoms and develops after trauma with important peripheral nerve injuries (10-12). Neuropathic pain therapy is often inefficient regarding nociceptive pain. Knowledge of the patient's medical history related to neuropathic pain and using validated assessment tools are essential for differentiating neuropathic pain from nociceptive pain and to estimate the importance of the neuropathic component of pain from various pain syndromes. In 2007, International Society for The Study of Pain (IASP) proposed the following definition for neuropathic pain as ''pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system'' (13). "Diseases" are pathological processes such as inflammatory, autoimmune or dysfunction of ion channels. "Lesions" are minor detectable lesions. Diseases and lesions of nervous system elements others than somatosensory component determine nociceptive pain. Spasticity and muscle pain related to motor system diseases and lesions are not being associated with neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is among digestive tract cancers, the second as incidence, following as frequency after colorectal neoplasms. On a lot of 811 gastric cancer patients, hospitalized in SUUB in a period of five years (2010-2014), statistical analysis of casuistry highlights important elements regarding clinical epidemiology and therapeutics of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digestive neoplasms are the most common cancers worldwide registered. In the digestive cancers, colorectal neoplasm has the highest incidence. Epidemiology and medical statistics are two disciplines that make today an important contribution to identifying and defining risk factors incriminated in the occurrence of these neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual and reproductive health is defined by the World Health Organization as the emotional, mental, physical and social welfare, regarding all aspects related to sexuality and reproduction, full access to health services, because sexuality is the necessary component of the human existence (1). Romania is a country with an unpleasant experience of unwanted pregnancies, because in the 1966- 1990, in the communism period, bumped into a pro birth politics which have many implications not only towards the mother’s health but also to the child’s health. Family planning includes also the access to contraception because it ensures the control of number of wanted children, intervals between pregnancies and brought benefits for health and society, in general. The purpose of the present study consisted in the analysis of family planning within a medical practice from Bucharest from perspective of addressability and services offered in the period of respective trimester, October-December in 2018. Objective. To fulfill the intended purpose have been outlined three objectives, respectively: analysis of addressability profile at family planning practice, analysis of contraception use behavior, analysis of specific services, supplied in family planning practice. Materials and research methods. The present study has been descriptive and performed in transversal manner, and the target population has been represented by people who came at a family planning practice in Bucharest. Has been analyzed activity of a trimester October-December of 2018 – on a number of 282 persons of feminine sex. Results. Have been achieved results according to demographic profile; clinical status; physiological and pathological antecedents; contraceptive use; behavior risks; type of services used within practice. The type of patient with the largest addressability is the young woman around 28 years old, from urban environment, high school or university studies, with a good health condition, who uses contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to assess job satisfaction and perceived stress in nurses working in a clinical hospital of excellence during the preparation for accreditation. We performed a descriptive crosssectional survey in 62 nurses, using two tools: one assessing job satisfaction and the Perceived Stress Scale 14 (PSS-14). We found that most of the nurses working in the selected hospital are generally satisfied or very satisfied about their workplace, and have a medium level of perceived stress. With all the limitation of this study, the results support the adoption of routine evaluation of stress and job satisfaction in hospitals, as valuable tools for improving the working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current perioperative management of diabetes taking into account the guidelines recommendations and the findings of the studies published so far. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing among the population in all age groups. Diseases requiring surgery are common in diabetic patients. The paper correlated the information available to date on the perioperative treatment of diabetes, the postoperative complications and the most frequent errors committed on the management of diabetic patients, aspects with important practical implications. Although hyperglycemia has a significant clinical impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality, glycemic targets and perioperative management have not been well established yet. Further studies are needed to clarify these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current perioperative management of diabetes taking into account the guidelines recommendations and the findings of the studies published so far. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing among the population in all age groups. Diseases requiring surgery are common in diabetic patients. The paper correlated the informations available to date on the perioperative treatment of diabetes, the postoperative complications and the most frequent errors commited on the management of diabetic patients, aspects with important practical implications. Although hyperglycemia has a significant clinical impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality, glycemic targets and perioperative management have not been well established yet. Further studies are needed to clarify these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases produce more than half of the total deaths in the European region of WHO, 46 times more deaths and a burden of disease 11 times higher than that provoked by tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS combined. In Romania, cardiovascular diseases also represent also the main cause of death, being responsible for 62% of the total number of deaths. The study done on a number of 5 137 237 patients admitted to hospitals in Romania in 2008, in order to find out which was the pattern of using hospital services by the patients admitted with stroke, has shown that out of a number of 64 465 cases of stroke, 54% were without severe or catastrophic complications, 30% had severe complications, 11% had catastrophic complications and 5% died or were transferred before totalizing 5 days of hospitalization. The most frequent risk factors associated with stroke that were found as secondary diagnosis in the patients with stroke, were hypertension in 49% of the cases, dyslipidemia in 21% of the cases, atrial fibrillation in 13% of the cases and obesity in 5% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases produce more than half of the total deaths in the European region of WHO, 46 times more deaths and a burden of disease 11 times higher than that provoked by tuberculosis, malaria and HIV/AIDS combined. In Romania, cardiovascular diseases also represent also the main cause of death, being responsible for 62% of the total number of deaths. The study done on a number of 5 137 237 patients admitted to hospitals in Romania in 2008, in order to find out which was the pattern of using hospital services by the patients admitted with stroke, has shown that out of a number of 64 465 cases of stroke, 54% were without severe or catastrophic complications, 30% had severe complications, 11% had catastrophic complications and 5% died or were transferred before totalizing 5 days of hospitalization. The most frequent risk factors associated with stroke that were found as secondary diagnosis in the patients with stroke, were hypertension in 49% of the cases, dyslipidemia in 21% of the cases, atrial fibrillation in 13% of the cases and obesity in 5% of the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular accident (CVA) is a sudden onset of focal neurological deficit with a vascular mechanism and is the third cause of death in developed countries. This study evaluates known risk factors of AVC and their effects on vascular episodes for the patients on cases of hospitalization continues, reported at national level for 2008, 2009 and 2010. Descriptive strategy of this study was conducted on a total of 468,635 patients with primary diagnosis of stroke (codes I60-I69, G45, the classification ICD 10-AM version 3). Information about patients is collected from their discharge. Most patients are aged between 50 and 80 years (80%). 36.6% of the cases have the diagnosis of secondary hyperlipidemia, 14.63% had a history of diabetes, hypertension 66.4%. Also 7% of the population has all three risk factors considered. Determining the validity of these risk factors and the population of Romania is an important part for scientific accuracy and to guide clinical medical practice, public health policies and prioritize research efforts. In addition patients and doctors can better understand the impact of prevention and modify specific risk factors on risk of AVC stroke in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative, descriptive study, based on the analysis of health system decision makers' opinion expressed during semi-structured interviews, performed in order to refine the questionnaire for assessing people’s perceptions concerning public health policies. The results reveal the most important policies and barriers to be considered in further quantitative studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the case of chronic renal failure, the three main methods of renal function replacement therapy - haemodialysis (and related methods), peritoneal dialysis (various methods) and kidney transplantation are used, both as mutual complements and in an integrated manner in such a way that, based on each specific indications and contraindications, as well as on their advantages and disadvantages, treatment extent relies on longest expectable results. Since 1996, the total number of patients having received treatment at the end of each year (prevalent patients) has increased steadily, amounting to 10 470 in 2012. Most prevalent patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis originate in the North-East, the area average being of 602.8 people per million population (pmp), whereas the lowest average patients number of prevalent patients per thousand population is specific to the Bucharest area, amounting to 351.1 pmp. The national average is 533.8 pmp. Of the total number of prevalent patients, 1.3% has received kidney transplant in Romania. Most often, the primary disease triggering renal transplant is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension (HT) is a major cardiovascular risk factor which has a major global burden on society as revealed by the World Bank in 1990s. The disability adjusted life year (DALY) is an indicator which quantifies mortality, morbidity and the burden associated with hypertension. All of this data is highlighted in the context in which global public health is undergoing a paradigm shift, through the transition from “evidence-based medicine” (EBM) to “value-based medicine” (VBM). The advantages of interventions on HT are the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease, death and disability rates, as well as the reduction of costs due to acute and chronic (preventable) HT complications. At the cost of increasing the psychological burden and interference with the quality of life, once the diagnosis of HT is established, a need to make lifestyle changes develops and the risk of exposure to antihypertensive medication’s adverse effects ensues. At the same time, this diagnosis increases the health system burden, with direct and indirect management costs, such as: antihypertensive drugs, treatment adherence costs, HT-treatment resistant costs, informal costs (informal care). There is a need for a formal integration of cost analysis when putting together HT guidelines, while also considering factors such as opportunity cost, efficiency, benefits, and the cost effectiveness incremental rapport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is a global burden with elevated medical costs, many complications, high morbidity and mortality rates. In the COVID-19 pandemic, HT had a devastating effect on the medical care facilities, physicians and patients. Access to medical services was hindered and the human and financial resources were oriented towards battling this disease, other diseases being disregarded, increasing the morbidity and mortality due to other causes. This manuscript aims at revealing the magnitude of this phenomena in HT-suffering patients from South-East of Romania. A questionnaire was applied on 440 HT patients via the PATI method - Paper and Pen Assisted Telephone Interviewing: from those suffering from COVID-19, the majority had difficulties in addressing medical care, in maintaining their blood pressure values at normal ranges and in acquiring their HT medication. Medical information access was also of prime importance during this period, open access publishing helping physicians in ensuring up-dated patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although more than a decade passed since this first attempt for accreditation, the hospital accreditation mechanisms are still in development. Our study aimed at assessing the hospital staff knowledge and perception related to quality assurance and accreditation in a mono-profile hospital from Bucharest, prior to hospital accreditation. We developed a questionnaire with four sections filled out by nurses and resident physicians, anonymously. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques. Scores for knowledge on quality, accreditation and legislation, global score of knowledge and score of perception were calculated. Among the scores of knowledge, the quality score was the highest and the legislation score the lowest. Globally the score of knowledge was significantly lower than the score of perception. All the scores of knowledge were significantly higher in nurses compared to resident physicians. Our results support the need for training programmes concerning the accreditation for the hospital staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to describe the evolution of main reproductive health policies in Romania and their implications in terms of access and addressability to family planning services for the general population.We performed a literature review for identifying the most relevant policies and indicators of access to reproductive health services at international level and in Romania. We found that Romania has strong policies and regulations encouraging the access to family planning, but monitoring of access is missing and some key interventions developed in the past are implemented at a lower scale. This resides in affectation of some health indicators, particularly in young age-groups. Further efforts are needed for ensuring systematic training of providers, monitoring of the needs and access to services, appropriate provision of contraceptives for vulnerable groups and systematic exposure of teenagers to sexual education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universal access to affordable and good quality services and information on reproductive health is a key premise for achieving the status of well-being for women and men equally, and for avoiding the health and socio-economic consequences of the unwanted pregnancies. Our study aimed to assess the reproductive health profile of young Roma women living in a rural community and their relation to family planning services. We performed a cross-sectional descriptive survey in 382 young and sexually active Roma women living in a rural community, by using a self-conceived questionnaire, with four domains: the demographic characteristics, profile in relation to reproductive health, general lifestyle characteristics and use of the reproductive health services. We found high aggregation of poverty, low education, lack of career perspectives, associated to early onset of sexual life, early pregnancy and low use of contraception and pregnancy services, despite they are available without direct costs, at least from the legal perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental stress, permanently present among the population, is one of the most important factors that influence the physical and the mental health in a negative way. The celerity of the social and economic changes from the present Romanian society has caused a very high psychological pressure especially among a certain category, such as the unemployed persons and the employees. The objective of this survey is represented by the evaluation and the comparison of the level of the mental stress regarding the unemployed persons and the employees in the urban area. (Bucharest) Methodology: the social and demographic characteristics and the mental state have been evaluated in a psychiatric interview, and the level of stress has been measured by means of the Perceived Stress Scale - 14 items. A transverse research has been made on two categories: a category of unemployed persons (384 persons) and a category of employees (360 persons), selected using the method of randomized and simple sampling. Results: The severe stress is much more often met with people between 19-29 years old for the unemployed persons and 40-49 years old for the employees. The weight of women with severe stress is higher than of men with severe stress both for the employees and the unemployed persons, while the moderate stress is more often met with men. The severe stress is more common for men (51,7%) and for women without secondary education (50,5%). The persons with higher education have the lowest level of stress. The status of not married person and divorced/widowed (single person) presents a risk factor regarding the presence and the high level of stress, while the status of married person is a factor of protection. The unemployed persons present a higher risk of severe stress than the employees. Conclusions: The measuring of the stress level for the unemployed persons is important from the scientific and practical point of view for the setting up of some prevention and treatment methods of the mental disease caused by the unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental stress, permanently present among the population, is one of the most important factors that influence the physical and the mental health in a negative way. The celerity of the social and economic changes from the present Romanian society has caused a very high psychological pressure especially among a certain category, such as the unemployed persons and the employees. The objective of this survey is represented by the evaluation and the comparison of the level of the mental stress regarding the unemployed persons and the employees in the urban area. (Bucharest) Methodology: the social and demographic characteristics and the mental state have been evaluated in a psychiatric interview, and the level of stress has been measured by means of the Perceived Stress Scale - 14 items. A transverse research has been made on two categories: a category of unemployed persons (384 persons) and a category of employees (360 persons), selected using the method of randomized and simple sampling. Results: The severe stress is much more often met with people between 19-29 years old for the unemployed persons and 40-49 years old for the employees. The weight of women with severe stress is higher than of men with severe stress both for the employees and the unemployed persons, while the moderate stress is more often met with men. The severe stress is more common for men (51,7%) and for women without secondary education (50,5%). The persons with higher education have the lowest level of stress. The status of not married person and divorced/widowed (single person) presents a risk factor regarding the presence and the high level of stress, while the status of married person is a factor of protection. The unemployed persons present a higher risk of severe stress than the employees. Conclusions: The measuring of the stress level for the unemployed persons is important from the scientific and practical point of view for the setting up of some prevention and treatment methods of the mental disease caused by the unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A descriptive cross-sectional study that presents the analysis in a focus group conducted with the beneficiaries of health policies in order to complete a questionnaire for assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding their knowledge and perception of the utility of the most important policies in the health system. Results showed that there are differences in the use of health services according to the level of awareness and understanding of the usefulness of these policies, and differences according to personal characteristics. The conclusions support the need for a system to increase the degree of public participation in developing and implementing public health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) has permitted the collaboration regarding resuscitation at an international level. The first definitions and recommendations regarding the report of cardiac arrest cases were developed in 1991 for the Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest, and in 1997 for the In Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The Utstein definitions, which are in their revised and commonly adopted shape by the work group of ILCOR in 2002, at Melbourne, were translated and are available for anyone who wants to involve in the resuscitation study. Several registries of cardiac arrest are presented in this paper, The European registry of the cardiac arrest, the Belgian, the Swedish, the German, the Spanish, the Dutch, the French, and the registries from the United States of America. Last but not least, the Romanian Registry of the Cardiac Arrest is presented as it represents an initiative of the Romanian National Counsel of Resuscitation. The perspectives of a unique European register for the cardiac arrest has inspired this initiative, which has as a base the example of other European registers and the Utstein reporting model. In the first stage, the register participation was limited to the Emergency Departments of the Emergency Hospitals. Because the European purpose was to develop a smooth system of reporting the cardiac arrests that took place out of hospital, an integration of the pre-hospital events has followed, by collaborating with the Ambulance Services. Other characteristics, as the graphic representation of the Register data, are in progress of development, testing and implementing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of life is not a new concept but one whose understanding and terminology evolved over time. The impact of prostate cancer on quality of life is significant, treatment outcomes being influenced by the patient's perception about his illness. Emotional state and concerns induced by the disease progression and treatment are important elements for a good doctor-patient relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]