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Purpose This article seeks to unravel the mechanisms through which financial actors agreed upon a sustainability accounting standard without financializing social and environmental issues, i.e., assigning a monetary value to sustainability. Design/Methodology/Approach The article examines the Reporting and Assessment Framework created by the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UN-PRI), the leading reporting sustainability framework in the asset management industry. It relies on a longitudinal case study that draws upon interviews, participant observation, and archival data. Findings The article demonstrates that the conception of the framework was a funnelling process of sustainability valuation comprising two co-constituted mechanisms: a process of valorization – judging what is deemed of value – and a process of evaluation – agreeing on how to assess value. This valuation process unfolded by creating the framework, thanks to two enabling conditions: the creation of non-prescriptive evaluative criteria that avoided financialization and the valuation support of an enabling organization. Originality/Value The article helps understand how an industry can encompass the diversity of motives and practices associated with the adoption of sustainability by its economic actors while suggesting a common framework to report on and assess those practices. It uncovers alternatives to the financialization process of sustainability accounting standards. The article also offers insights into the advantages and inconveniences of such a framework. The article enriches the literature in the sociology of valuation, financialization, and sustainability accounting.

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Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Leadership Team (2021), The Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond Project: On Conservation Finance, Decolonization, and Community- Based Participatory Research, Western University, London, Canada, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5206/101121ipib, 114 pages. About: This report includes elements of Indigenous and Western forms of knowledge to share a holistic story of the Deshkan Ziibi Conservation Impact Bond (DZCIB). The authors sought to write this report being guided by a “Two-Eyed Seeing” perspective1, bringing together Indigenous and Western ways of knowing, seeing, and being. As a reader, you are implored to reflect on the colonial legacy which continues to disempower Indigenous value systems and ways of life. You are encouraged to approach this report with an open mind and heart, challenge your base assumptions, and embrace the integration of diverse value systems and worldviews. This project was conducted in the spirit of reconciliation, decolonization, and indigenization. All three are recognized as continuous processes that occur on many levels including: intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organizational, and national.

Investment management firms are estimated to control assets totalling $100 trillion, equivalent to about one year of total global economic output, and that power has a massive impact on the economy and society (TheCityUK, 2014). We may be entering ‘the age of asset management,’ suggested the Bank of England’s Director of Financial Stability (now Chief Economist), Andrew Haldane, in an April 2014 speech. Yet today’s investment management system is a bit like a black box – it is complex and a mystery to most people, including management scholars. The media and academic attention have been focused far more on banking or various types of ‘traders’ than on the investment management industry itself – despite the large impact of the latter on the economy and society more broadly. By writing this book (Arjaliès, Grant, Hardie, MacKenzie, & Svetlova, 2017), we hope to account for the inner workings of the industry, shedding light on the known but above all the unknown of investment management practices.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the number of alternative currencies aiming at transforming global financial institutions, such as local and complementary currencies (LCC) and cryptocurrencies, has exploded. Yet the motivations and workings of such monies are relatively unknown. This chapter aims to fill this gap by providing a framework that uncovers the ideals pursued by alternative currencies, and the effects of those ideals on the production of money. To do so, I present a comparative analysis of the valuation infrastructure – the processes through which value(s) is produced – of one LCC, Sol Violette, and three cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, Ğ1 “June” and impak Coin. Throughout, I elaborate on the social meaning of money and the role played by alternative currencies in contemporary capitalism. I show that 1) despite targeting the same financial institutions, the utopia pursued by alternative currencies varies significantly and 2) this utopia is at least as important as the technology (e.g. blockchain) in shaping the workings of these monies. Based on these findings, I outline implications for the social studies of financial technologies and their effects on our societies.

On Justification: Economies of Worth (Boltanski and Thévenot, 1991/2006) was a synthetic and comprehensive parsing of common goods, goods that could and had to be justified in public. In response to Bourdieu’s critical sociology, they rather provided a robust and disciplined sociology of critique, the situated requirements of justification. They refused power and violence as integral to the operability of justification. They emphasized the ways in which conventions of worth afforded coordination, not their constitution of or by domination. They refused to make either capitalism, or the state, into primary motors of social order. Indeed, they refused social sphere, structure or group as the ground of the good. They emphasized the cognitive capacities of agents. There was no passion, no desire, no bodily affect in these justified worlds. There wasn’t even any account of production of value, of children or money. And while they recognized the metaphysical aspect of the good and even used Christianity as a template for one of their cités, they rigorously excluded religion. The theory was designed to analyze moments of controversy, not quiescence or quietude. In his subsequent work, Boltanksi aimed to address these absences. In this essay, we examine how Boltanksi sought to restore love, violence, religion, production and institution across five texts: Love and Justice as Competences (1990/2012), The New Spirit of Capitalism, co-authored with Eve Chiapello (1999/2007), The Foetal Condition: A Sociology of Engendering and Abortion (2004/2013), On Critique: A Sociology of Emancipation (2009/2011) and La «Collection», Une Forme Neuve du Capitalisme - La Mise en Valeur Economique du Passé et ses Effets (2014) co-authored with Arnaud Esquerre.

The corporate reporting landscape has evolved in the last 20 years from financial reporting to sustainability reporting to “integrated reporting.” The corporate reporting history abounds with different attempts at integrating sustainability accounting with financial accounting (e.g., the Corporate Report 1975 and the “Triple Bottom Line” concept) and thereby attempting to report in an integrated manner. The first corporate integrated reports appeared in 2002, but the new trend remained in the margins. Since 2010, the IIRC (International Integrated Reporting Council) has led the work on building the first Integrated Reporting (IR) framework, published in December 2013. The accounting profession has played a crucial role in pushing the idea of integrated reporting forward. Now it is looking at how it can best participate in IR corporate practice. This report is aimed at accountants who would like to get involved more closely, or even drive, the IR efforts within their company. We begin with an overview of the origins of IR combined with calls for its development, emphasizing the role of the accounting profession in the development of this new corporate reporting framework. Then we discuss the benefits of IR, centered on the holistic thinking it can foster in companies, enabling them to reconsider sustainability challenges and leveraging a stakeholder-inclusive approach to corporate reporting. We then focus on the involvement of accountants within the implementation of IR. Finally, we elaborate on today’s challenges for IR, which include developing a materiality matrix, designing a project mode for the first IR publication process, designing integrated information systems, and navigating the legal environment surrounding IR. The report is based on participative observation within a leading multinational company—pilot of the IIRC—semi-structured interviews with international experts and other multinational companies on their IR journey, as well as documentary evidence collected from 2011 to 2015.

This dissertation explores the mechanisms of institutional change in practice. The institutional change under study relates to the progressive penetration of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) criteria into conventional investment funds, a phenomenon which appeared during the 2000s, known as SRI Mainstreaming. The dissertation aims to explain why SRI Mainstreaming has expanded into France and to identify its impacts on the practices of the French asset management sector. It mobilizes a three-year (2006-2009) longitudinal case study of a French asset management company, conducted as an SRI analyst. Research methods rely on the pragmatist concept of inquiry and combine participative observation, semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence. The dissertation comprises three articles that should be considered together. They explore 1) the origins of the SRI Mainstreaming phenomenon, 2) how asset management companies have transformed their practices in response to SRI Mainstreaming and 3) why practices have been transformed in a different way in fixed-income investment, compared to equity investment, respectively., Cette thèse cherche à mieux comprendre quels sont - au niveau des pratiques des acteurs - les mécanismes sous-jacents à un changement institutionnel en cours dans le secteur français de la gestion d'actifs, connu sous le nom d'" ISR Mainstreaming ". Ce phénomène, apparu dans les années 2000, fait référence à la pénétration progressive et massive de critères d'Investissement Socialement Responsable (ISR) dans les fonds d'investissement conventionnels (également appelés fonds " mainstream " ou " courant principal "). En particulier, la thèse cherche à identifier les raisons qui peuvent expliquer l'émergence d'un tel changement au niveau du secteur et à analyser l'impact de ce dernier sur les pratiques des gestionnaires d'actifs. Pour ce faire, la thèse s'appuie sur une étude de cas longitudinale de trois ans (2006-2009) d'une société de gestion d'actifs française, conduite par l'auteur en tant qu'analyste ISR. D'inspiration pragmatiste, la thèse mobilise une méthode d'enquête coopérative combinant observation participante, entretiens semi-dirigés et analyse de sources documentaires. La thèse se compose de trois articles qui analysent 1) les origines du mouvement de l'ISR, 2) la transformation des pratiques des sociétés de gestion d'actifs en réponse au phénomène d'ISR Mainstreaming et 3) les différences constatées entre gestion actions et gestion taux lors de la transformation de ces pratiques.

French Abstract: Ce chapitre offre un panorama historique de l'ISR en France et dans le reste du monde. English Abstract: This chapter provides an historical overview of the SRI movement in France and worldwide.

The ability of companies to turn an environmental constraint into a source of strategic opportunities is a controversial topic in published research. The article, which is based on a comparative study of the CO2 emission reduction strategies implemented by the cement and chemical industries, shows that companies' freedom to adopt a proactive approach to sustainable development is severely constrained by the characteristic features of the sector, in terms of its dependence on natural resources, of flexibility in the composition of the business portfolio, and of the structure of the downstream sector.

The ability of firms to transform an environmental constraint into a strategic opportunity has been a controversial issue in the literature. Based on a comparative study of CO2 strategies in the cement and chemical industries, the article shows that the capacity of firms to be proactive regarding sustainable development is largely constrained by the characteristics of the sector in terms of dependence on natural resources, flexibility in the composition of activities portfolio and structure of the downstream sector.