1. The unity of opposites: Strategic interplay between bacterial effectors to regulate cellular homeostasis
- Author
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Chittaranjan Das and Shalini Iyer
- Subjects
ATase, adenylyl-transferase ,T4SS, type IV secretion system ,Cellular homeostasis ,Vacuole ,Biochemistry ,Legionella pneumophila ,Deubiquitinating enzyme ,NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ,posttranslational modification (PTM) ,CMP, cytidine monophosphate ,Homeostasis ,ubiquitylation (ubiquitination) ,bacteria ,GDI, guanine dissociation inhibitor ,Ub, ubiquitin ,CaM, calmodulin ,biology ,Effector ,membrane trafficking ,Rab GTPases ,DUB, deubiquitinase ,mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 ,GEF, guanine-nucleotide exchange factor ,Cell biology ,GS-ATase, glutamine synthetase-adenylyltransferase ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Ub-ADPR, ADP-ribosylated Ub ,ARD, ankyrin repeat domain ,Legionnaires' Disease ,PR, phospho-ribose ,Legionella ,Protein–protein interaction ,Type IV Secretion Systems ,Bacterial Proteins ,Animals ,Humans ,Secretion ,protein structure ,Molecular Biology ,Inflammation ,JBC Reviews ,Intracellular parasite ,P4M, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding domain of SidM ,Ubiquitination ,GAP, GTP-hydrolysis-activating protein ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,protein–protein interaction ,manipulation ,Vacuoles ,biology.protein ,ligases ,PTM, posttranslational modification ,LCV, Legionella-containing vacuole ,IDTS, Icm/Dot translocated substrate - Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that uses the Dot/Icm Type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate many effectors into its host and establish a safe, replicative lifestyle. The bacteria, once phagocytosed, reside in a vacuolar structure known as the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) within the host cells and rapidly subvert organelle trafficking events, block inflammatory responses, hijack the host ubiquitination system, and abolish apoptotic signaling. This arsenal of translocated effectors can manipulate the host factors in a multitude of different ways. These proteins also contribute to bacterial virulence by positively or negatively regulating the activity of one another. Such effector-effector interactions, direct and indirect, provide the delicate balance required to maintain cellular homeostasis while establishing itself within the host. This review summarizes the recent progress in our knowledge of the structure-function relationship and biochemical mechanisms of select effector pairs from Legionella that work in opposition to one another, while highlighting the diversity of biochemical means adopted by this intracellular pathogen to establish a replicative niche within host cells.
- Published
- 2021
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