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AC series arc is dangerous and can cause serious electric fire hazards and property damage. This article proposed a convolutional neural network -based arc detection model named ArcNet. The database of this research is collected from eight different types of loads according to IEC62606 standard. The two most common types of arcs, including arcs from a loose connection of cables and those caused by the failure of the insulation, are generated in testing and included in the database. Using the database of raw current, experimental results indicate ArcNet can achieve a maximum of 99.47% arc detection accuracy at 10 kHz sampling rate. The model is also implemented in Raspberry Pi 3B for classification accuracy. A tradeoff study between the arc detection accuracy and model runtime has been conducted. The proposed ArcNet obtained an average runtime of 31 ms/sample of 1 cycle at 10 kHz sampling rate, which proves the feasibility of practical hardware deployment for real-time processing.

Series ac arc fault is dangerous and is difficult to detect because of load characteristics and external noise. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based arc fault detection models even though can achieve a high arc fault detection accuracy, most of the reported researches are still not suitable for practical real-time and commercial application because of the higher computation burden. This research proposed a lightweight arc fault detection algorithm, Efficient-ArcNet, based on EffNet building blocks which can achieve an arc fault detection accuracy of 99.36%. Considering the practical application, the Efficient-ArcNet model is converted into the TF-Lite model to further optimize it for edge computing devices such as Raspberry PI 4 or Jetson Nano. The proposed model achieves an average runtime of 1.17 ms per sample using Raspberry PI 4B, which indicates its suitability for practical deployment in commercial microcontroller units (MCUs).

In the March 2017 issue of IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, the authors of "The Future of Industrial Communication" provided a comprehensive chart of industrial communication milestones ranging from the 1960s to the present [1]. But there was one glaring omission-the Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNET). As a former chair of the ARCNET Trade Association (ATA), I feel obligated to defend ARCNET as the first local area network (LAN), which is still in use today [2]. It is a technology that impacted both the office and industrial automation industries. It is elegant, fast, robust-and it works! The technology was deemed by the press as "the Rodney Dangerfield of network computing," and its proponents were called fanatical [3]. Although ARCNET has failed to receive the recognition it deserves, it is a successful technology that has been used in applications never imagined by its creators.

Выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена разработке клиентской части Арктического информационного портала. Приводится сравнительный анализ схожих по тематике порталов. Также описываются принципы клиент-серверного взаимодействия и процесс выбора технических инструментов для разработки. Результат работы – клиентская часть информационного научно- образовательного Арктического портала ArcNET, являющийся потенциально связующим звеном между существующими национальными программами стран по комплексному развитию Арктики, а также отдельных регионов Российской Федерации.

ISO-16484-5 (EN ISO 2003) and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 135-2004 (BACnet®) is a standard data communication protocol for building automation and control systems. In this study, the performance of three BACnet local area networking options is investigated with simulation models developed using ARENA, a tool for simulating discrete event dynamic systems. This study evaluates the delay characteristics of Master-Slave/Token-Passing (MS/TP), ANSI/ATA-878.1 (ARCNET), and ISO-8802-3 (Ethernet) medium access control (MAC) layers being used to deliver BACnet application services. Analysis of the simulation results was used to develop recommendations that should be considered when designing and operating BACnet systems.

The objective of this paper is to introduce a reference model of BACnet-based fire detection and monitoring system using MS/TP and ARCNET protocols. The reference model is designed to satisfy the requirements of response time, survivability and flexibility. The reference model is operated on the basis of BACnet, a standard communication protocol for building automation systems. In this study, a simulator for the reference model of fire detection and monitoring system was developed. Using the simulator, this study examined the validity of the reference model proposed in this study. This study also evaluated the performance of the BACnet-based fire detection and monitoring system in terms of network-induced delay. Simulation results show that the reference model satisfies the requirements of fire detection and monitoring system.

This paper presents a network-based fire-detection system via the controller area network (CAN) to evaluate the feasibility of using such a home automation protocol in a smart home. In general, a conventional fire-detection system has several shortcomings, such as weakness to noise, because it uses an analog transmission with 4-20 mA current lines. Hence, as an alternative to the conventional system, this paper describes the structure of a CAN-based fire-detection system and the design method of a CAN communication network. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through experimental tests. The CAN has several advantages, such as low cost and ease of implementation, as compared to the other low layers of the BACNet, such as Ethernet or ARCNET. Therefore, if the CAN is selected for the low layer of the BACNet, a home automation system can be implemented more effectively.

The KEKB accelerator control system including a control computer system, a timing distribution system, and a safety control system are described. KEKB accelerators were installed in the same tunnel where the TRISTAN accelerator was. There were some constraints due to the reused equipment. The control system is based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). In order to reduce the cost and labor for constructing the KEKB control system, as many CAMAC modules as possible are used again. The guiding principles of the KEKB control computer system are as follows: use EPICS as the controls environment, provide a two-language system for developing application programs, use VMEbus as frontend computers as a consequence of EPICS, use standard buses, such as CAMAC, GPIB, VXIbus, ARCNET, RS-232 as field buses and use ergonomic equipment for operators and scientists. On the software side, interpretive Python and SAD languages are used for coding application programs. The purpose of the radiation safety system is to protect personnel from radiation hazards. It consists of an access control system and a beam interlock system. The access control system protects people from strong radiation inside the accelerator tunnel due to an intense beam, by controlling access to the beamline area. On the other hand, the beam interlock system prevents people from radiation exposure by interlocking the beam operation. For the convenience of accelerator operation and access control, the region covered by the safety system is divided into three major access control areas: the KEKB area, the PF-AR area, and the beam-transport (BT) area. The KEKB control system required a new timing system to match a low longitudinal acceptance due to a low-alpha machine. This timing system is based on a frequency divider/multiply technique and a digital delay technique. The RF frequency of the KEKB rings and that of the injector Linac are locked with a common divisor frequency. The common divisor frequency determines the injection timing. The RF bucket selection system is also described. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Recently, the environment surrounding domestic vessels has been confronted with some various problems. These are mostly caused less young-workforce and aging crews. We are, however, looking forward to the domestic vessels as an alternative method of transportation by motors. In order to solve those problems, a modernization for ships has initiated. Now, IBS, which integrates both information and control programme with the modernized equipments at high level has been focused on from a viewpoint of safety and economical operation.On-board LAN is inevitably required to integrate the IBS. In this paper, for the implementation of powerful IBS we propose UMS-50 integrated monitor data-logger system to which we applies ARCNET as LAN.

A laboratory for teaching computer networking techniques is described. Each workstation consists of a 68008 /spl mu/P operating under the OS-9 operating system. The workstations are networked via an ARCNET local area network to a common file server. The workstations were initially constructed to teach microprocessors and have been designed so that external components can be interfaced to them via a proprietary bus design using prototyping boards with plug-in wires and components. The computer networking experiments use groups of four workstations connected via their serial interfaces to a simple circuit that simulates a bus. This circuit also detects a collision on the bus caused by more than one station transmitting simultaneously and signals the four workstations via their DCD lines. Two semesters of laboratory experiments have been developed. The first builds MAC layer protocols and the second builds higher layer protocols. >

Rapid advances in information technology and the increased emphasis on joint operations results in highly networked, interoperable Systems-of-Systems (SoS). The units comprising the SoS must act in collaboration with each other to establish and maintain information superiority and battlespace dominance. The problem that arises, however, is that there are few Modeling & Simulation tools that exist for quantifying the benefits of collaboration during a military mission. To address this need, this paper details the application of an Architecture Resource-Based Collaborative Network Evaluation Tool (ARCNET). ARCNET provides an estimation of the impact on mission effectiveness resulting from changes in collaboration between military units. These changes may be due to differences in interoperability, resource exchanges, and force structure. Ultimately, this will lead to more robust decision making during military SoS architecture selection.

The control system for the tandem accelerator and the Tritron was put into operation in 1988 and has been developed further continuously. It consists of many Z280 microcomputer crates, equipped with I/O-boards to control accelerator devices, personal computers serving as control desks, a file server, an address server, and an error logger. All computers are interconnected by an ARCnet local area network. The program language in every computer and the communication language is FORTH. Every node contains a multitasking FORTH system with floating point arithmetic from the beginning and interprets or compiles the data stream coming from the ARCnet. Each node is programmed with its special program so that it can perform its specific control or monitor task. The system is very flexible. Every node may be changed or replaced by a better one, if necessary. The only condition is that it can be connected to the ARCnet and can be programmed in FORTH.

This paper discusses fieldbus systems and introduces MIL-STD-1553B, IEC International Fieldbus, Arcnet, Bitbus and The Local Operating Network as examples of the world-wide fieldbus activity. The main features of fieldbus instrumentation are introduced and communication protocols, safety and condition monitoring applications, and smart instrumentation are discussed.

The Supervision and Control System (SCS) of research reactors integrates a number of units that categorized into three processing levels: Field, Control and Supervision. These processing levels are interconnected by communication networks to achieve data transfer between different units. These networks are industrial control networks and hence the control data are required to be delivered in real-time. In this paper, the performance of the interconnection network of the SCS is analyzed, considering the ARCnet as the used network. The network performance is first analyzed using a mathematical methodology and then investigated by simulation, using the network simulator NS-2, to justify the analytical results. Also the performance of the SCS is presented, considering the Switched Ethernet as the used protocol and a comparison between the two networks is done to determine the best control network.

Efficient development and wide installation of automatic systems for control of technological processes (ASC TP) on the basis of IBM-compatible controllers, workstations, personal computers, and network equipment are impossible without using modem packages of applied programs. The main requirements imposed by the user on software packages for ASC TP are as follows: complexity of the solution ofASC TP problems; minimum time characteristics and parameters of user programs configurated with the help of the package; h i g h reliability of operation; convenience of use for specialists of different qualification levels. The aim of the development of the KVARTs-T package for control of computing complexes and controllers of the UNIKONT system was to meet these requirements as completely as possible. The present form of the KVARTs-T package (version 2.00) has been devised with allowance for the requirements of the IEC on programmed controllers 2 and ensures collection and processing of discrete and analog signals, logical and stepped control, and automatic regulation of continuous technological processes. This package makes it possible to construct autonomous ASC TP on the basis of one UNIKONT controller or an IBM-compatible personal computer and distributed ASC TP including tens of UNIKONT controllers and IBM-compatible personal computers or workstations connected by network hardware of the ARCNET or RS-232C type. KVARTs-T is an integrated set of about 200 IBM-compatible programs that enter one of the foItowing subsystems: collection, primary processing, and control of the technological data and generation of control actions; configuration of technological programs; display of the data and communication with the operating personnel; preparation and loading of prescriptions; -his tory of the technological process; formation and display of reports; network software.

Data communication systems that use infrared (IR) systems are discussed. The authors present the design, implementation, and results obtained with local area networks (LANs) such as ARCNet and Ethernet, and with modems or extenders for RS-232/RS-423/RS-422 (115200 Bd) and IEEE Std 488 which use an IR link. The systems use an IR emitting diode (IRED) as an optical source and a PIN photodiode as a photodetector. The study of the receiver sensitivity is outlined, and the system implementation is described. >

BACnet is a standard data communication protocol for building automation and control systems. BACnet defines an object-based model of the information that is exchanged between components of the building automation system and an application layer protocol that is used to access and manipulate this information. It also provides a way to convey the information across a variety of local and wide-area networks that may be interconnected to form an internetwork. In this study, the performance of three BACnet local area networking options is investigated using simulation models developed using ARENA, a tool for simulating discrete event dynamic systems. This study evaluates the delay characteristics of Master-Slave/Token-Passing (MS/TP), Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNET), and ISO-8802-3 (Ethernet) networks being used to deliver BACnet application services. Analysis of the simulation results was used to identify the network parameters that influence the performance of BACnet application services and to develop recommendations that should be considered when designing and operating BACnet systems.

The Smart Rack Monitor (SRM) is a low-cost, one-board, data acquisition module for the upgraded linac control system at Fermilab. The SRM is based on the Motorola MC68332 microcontroller in the Business Card Computer (BCC) configuration. It is connected to the linac local control station (to be referred to as local station) by an Arcnet LAN, and can be located close to the controlled hardware. Each local station is connected to several SRMs. The SRM has 64 A-D channels, sixteen D-A channels, and eight bytes of digital I/O on the mother board. Software Components Group's pSOS is the SRM's kernel. The SRM's software is cross-developed on VAX/VMS in C. The SRM does not have an attached console and is fully controlled by the local station. >

Results obtained with a commercial ARCNet LAN that uses an unguided infrared link as a medium of transmission are presented. The effects of shot noise produced by ambient light on the system receiver are characterized. A lab prototype of this LAN gave satisfactory results. In the sphere of optics, filtering of the ambient light from the working environment is studied. The spectrum characteristics for the film filter used are presented. >

Fermilab recently upgraded the Tevatron cryogenic systems to allow for lower temperature operation. This Lower Temperature Upgrade grew out of a desire to increase the colliding beam physics energy from 900 GeV to 1000 GeV. A key element in achieving this goal is the new cryogenic control system designed at Fermilab and installed in 24 satellite refrigerators and 8 compressor buildings. The cryogenic improvements and addition of hardware like cold compressors exceeded the capability of the original distributed controls package. The new distributed controls package uses a Multibus II platform and Intel's 80386 microprocessor. Token Ring is used as the link to the systems 6 primary crate locations with Arcnet used as the connection to the systems numerous I/O crates. I/O capabilities are double the capabilities of the original system. Software has also been upgraded with the introduction of more flexible control loop strategies and finite state machines used for automatic sequential control, like quench recovery or cold compressor pump down.

This paper describes the development and system integration of a non-cooled industrial thermal imaging system (ITIS) based on an uncooled linear array 1 X 128 pyroelectric detectors and internal scanner and the concept of multisensor industrial thermal imaging system for inspection/monitoring thermal processes or hazardous environments. In previous time, as first step, was developed a thermal imaging system in which was a two dimensional capability is reached with mounting of the camera on the precise programmable positional unit that exhibits positioning capability in 2 D.o.F. (degree of freedom). As a second stage of a developing an industrial thermal imaging system was mechanical design and construction of an internal scanner for linear array. Internal scanner has ability to create two-dimensional frame with selectable numbers of rows (from 1 to 128). Frame rate is depending on a numbers of rows in a frame (from 128 Hz to 1 Hz) and software averaging. The measured NETD of a thermal imaging system, without frame averaging, is better than 0.5 degrees Celsius (for lens with F equals 0.7 at 300 K). The digital part of a camera is equipped with 32 bit floating point digital signal processor (SHARC, Analog Devices), fieldbus controller (COM20020, SMCS, with implemented low-level protocol ARCNET ANSI ATA 878.1 with data rate 5 Mbit per second) and fieldbus interfaces (for twisted pair and coaxial cable). The positional unit was also attached with fieldbus controller. This paper also deals with a conceptual design of a multi- sensor and multi-actuator system based on a ARCNET Local Area Networks (LAN) with set of nodes like thermal or visible cameras, positional units and other necessary nodes.

Achievements of KEKB control system during the commissioning of KEKB accelerators are reported. The KEKB control system is the first major application of EPICS toolkit in JAPAN. We added some software components on the top of EPICS toolkit. One of these is the system to automate generation of the EPICS database configuration files using ORACLE database management system. Although it costs us a lot of effort to develop, this kind of configuration management system is essential for a large accelerator like KEKB. Another component is an implementation of EPICS CA (Channel Access) interface in the script languages. SAD, a modeling program with a scripting language capability, Python, an object oriented scripting language are currently supported in the KEKB control system. These scripting languages are used to develop high level applications, such as an orbit correction program with graphical user interface using Tk library. Combination of these scripting languages and EPICS CA provides flexibility in the control system. KEKB control system also includes some new hardware components, including Arcnet based magnet power supply controllers and VME single board computers based on Motorola's PowerPC750 CPU. The performance of these components will also be reported. The problems and (possible) solutions found during the KEKB commissioning are also discussed.

A system of computers connected by a local area network (ARCNET®) controls the Munich accelerator facility. This includes ion sources, the tandem accelerator, the beam transport system, the gas handling plant, parts of experimental setup and also an ion source test bench. ARCNET is a deterministic multi-master network with arbitrary topology, using coax cables and optical fibers. Crates with single board computers and I/O-boards (analog, parallel or serial digital), dependent on the devices being controlled, are distributed all over the building. Personal computers serve as user interfaces. The LAN communication protocol is a client/server protocol. Communication language and programming language for the single board computers is Forth. The user mode drivers in the personal computers are also written in Forth. The tools for the operators are MS-Windows applications, programmed in Forth, C++ or Visual Basic. Links to MS-Office applications are available, too.

A computer based control system for the tandem accelerator and the Tritron booster is under construction. It consists of many microcomputer and personal computer nodes interconnected by an ARCNET local area network. Each node is equipped according to its purpose with keyboard and screen or I/O-boards and is programmed from a file server so that it can perform its specific control or monitor task. As a program language and data communications language FORTH is used. FORTH commands can either be executed directly or compiled, so that the system is open to extensions at any time. A test ion source and three new beam lines in the experimental area are already connected to this system and are controlled in routine operation.

High-power laser installations require complex and flexible safety interlock systems, frequently having to work in an environment with high levels of EMI. Traditionally, relays and timers have been employed to provide the interlock logic but this puts restraints on the level of sophistication that can be reasonably achieved. It was decided, therefore, to base the system on distributed microprocessors controlled by a PC and linked by a local area network.

The Fermilab D0 Detector is a collaborative effort that includes seventeen universities and national laboratories. The monitoring and control system for this detector will be separate from the online detector data system. A distributed, stand-alone, microprocessor-based system is being designed to allow monitoring and control functions to be available to the collaborators at their home institutions during the design, fabrication, and testing phases of the project. Individual stations are VMEbus-based 68000 systems that are networked together during installation using an ARCnet (by Datapoint Corporation) Local Area Network. One station, perhaps a MicroVAX, would have a hard disk to store a backup copy of the distributed database located in non-volatile RAM in the local stations. This station would also serve as a gateway to the online system, so that data from the control system will be available for logging with the detector data. Apple Macintosh personal computers are being developed for use as the local control consoles. Each would be interfaced to ARCnet to provide access to all control system data. Through the use of bit-mapped graphics with multiple windows and pull-down menus, a cost effective, flexible display system can be provided, taking advantage of familiar modern software tools to support the operator interface.

The Nestar Plan 4000 network was designed using the ISO Open Systems Interconnection model. The Xerox Network Systems Internet Transport Protocols (XNS) were chosen for the network and transport layers, a token-passing protocol (Arcnet) for the physical and datalink layers, and existing Nestar server software for the highest layers. The physical and datalink layers are supported by a VLSI chip and their implementation was straightforward. In spite of their detailed specification, implementing the network and transport layers presented some unanticipated challenges. This paper discusses details of our experience in implementing the network with emphasis on the problems encountered and how they were solved.

Manufacturers need to improve their operating methods and increase their productivity so they can compete successfully in the marketplace. This goal can be achieved through factory automation, and the key to this automation is successful data base management and factory integration. However, large scale factory automation and integration requires effective communications, and this has given rise to an interest in various Local Area Networks or LANs. In a completely integrated and automated factory, the entire organization must have access to the data base, and all departments and functions must be able to communicate with each other. Traditionally, these departments and functions use incompatible equipment, and the ability to make such equipment communicate presents numerous problems. ARCNET, a token-passing LAN which has a significant presence in the office environment today, coupled with fiber optic cable, the cable of the future, provide an effective, low-cost solution to a number of these problems.

SUMMARY OF INFORMATION DESCRIBING LAN NETWORKSNetworkAccess ProtocolLine RateMaximum No. StationsMaximum Network SizeOptical Line Coding802.3 (Ethernet)802.4802.5 ARCNET PC Net FDDICSMA/CDToken Bus Token Ring Token Bus CSMA/CD Token Ring10 MHZ10 MHZ 4/16 MHZ 2.5 MHZ 10 MHZ 125 MHZ1024260/segment255 1000500 4.5km6.4km 4.8km 100kmManchester ManchesterMillerManchester 4B/5B TABLE IV Similar considerations apply to 802.3, 802.4, 802.5, Arcnet and PC NET systems. All of these networks optimally make use of IED emitter technology. Flux budget and therefore fiber attenuation is the limiting factor on distance.Different considerations apply to using PDF in FDDI networks. This proposed standard 3 uses 1300 nm LEDs and PIN detectors in the Physical layer specification. Distances limited by dispersion of up to 2 km between nodes can be supported within the draft FMD document.However, many FDDI nodes will be within a radius of 100 meters from a concentrater. Such work station hookups could be implemented with PDF (although this is not part of the present draft FMD standard).System design might be the following

As a part of the Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR) upgrading project, the control system is upgraded. Considering the importance to realize the seamless operation between PF-AR, injector linac and KEKB, we decided to adopt EPICS as a basis of the control system. The old control system of the PF-AR was based on the HIDIC mini computer system and the CAMAC was used as a field-bus. In order to minimize the cost and the work of renewal, we didn't change the device interface layer below CAMAC. A total of 13 EPICS Input/Output controllers (IOCs) are used to replace HIDIC mini computers, and we use the VME modules such as CAMAC crate controller, GPIB interface and the timing synchronization module. The ARCNET driver modules are also used mainly for the control of magnet power supplies. For the archiving of accelerator parameters, we use Channel Archiver, which is one of the EPICS extensions. We have also renewed the accelerator safety control system using the PLC.