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This paper is about the immanence between architecture and mathematics. At the peak of the use of digital design tools, the aim of this paper is to explain the definition of “parametric architect”, which is thought to be known by everyone. In this study, where the definition of parametric architecture is sought in the relationship that architecture establishes with mathematics, firstly, a historical projection is cast to explain the derivation of the concept of “parametric architect” through different concepts, from the platonic dimensions of mathematics to architecture's search for perfection; the need for precision and accuracy; and the transformation of geometric and graphic intuition into representation. The virtuosity of “parametric architects” is then discussed through the representations of virtuoso architects such as Zaha Hadid and Antoni Gaudí. This is followed by a discussion of the mathematical transformation required of the “parametric architect” working to meet the materialist demands of architectural manipulations as a field of computational thinking. Instead of compressing it into power-producing positions such as the starchitect and God's architect, the discussion of virtuosity, which this paper seeks to underline, gives place to the recreation of the “parametric architect” through Patrik Schumacher and Mark Burry. As a result, the insights gained from this research define “parametric architecture”, which seems to be a way to overcome the architectural practice trapped in the limits of descriptive geometrical thinking, as a new and evolving virtual ground shift/joining through the creativity-oriented relationship established with mathematics. Thus, it offers implications for architectural practice and theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architectural styles have evolved, with distinct periods marked by unique styles that reflect broader artistic movements. Despite extensive research on traditional and contemporary architectural styles, there remains a gap in understanding the distinctiveness and contributions of Parametricism as a 21st-century architectural style. This study aims to critically examine the emergence and development of Parametricism, aiming to highlight whether it represents a fundamental evolution in architectural thought and practice or primarily a methodological innovation. Through a comprehensive investigation of its formal characteristics, historical roots, and relationships with other architectural movements, this study seeks to discuss Parametricism's unique contributions to modern architecture. This research is crucial as it addresses the underexplored area of parametric design's impact on architectural theory and practice, offering a critical analysis that situates Parametricism within the broader context of 21st-century architectural styles. By clarifying the definition and position of Parametricism, this study aims to enrich both the state of the art and the state of practice in the field, providing valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and students of architecture. Through this critical assessment, the paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the evolution of architectural styles, highlighting the originality and significance of Parametricism in contemporary architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the recent relocation of the city center to another semi-central area, formerly a historical suburb of Šnipiškės in Vilnius, Lithuania, which took place in the context of post-Soviet transformations. This article is a continuation of the authors' work in researching the Šnipiškės territory, where the authors emphasize that an ambitious political decision, poorly supported by data and based on a questionable vision, was not successful. This study employs a concept-driven, qualitative approach to analyze the urban transformation of the territory. Grounded in architectural theories, the research examines how relocating the city center to this historic suburb has impacted its character. The findings highlight the challenges encountered and derive lessons for similar post-Soviet and post-colonial urban transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combines theoretical research and practical case studies to explore effective methods for renovating rural architecture within the context of Chinese new rural construction. By analyzing the current state of existing rural architectures, identifying their characteristics and shortcomings, and applying the theory of architectural semiotics, this study proposes an innovative model for rural architecture renovation. The aim of this research is to provide valuable insights and optimization strategies for the revitalization of rural architectures in China, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas and the preservation of regional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the accidental nature of the author's work, characterized by unplanned projects driven by curiosity and unique insights. Topics include the author's approach to giving talks, which diverge from conventional formats, their reinterpretation of architectural typologies in "The Third Typology," and the influence of fairy tales on architectural theory as explored in "The Architectural Uncanny."

The article offers information on Anthony Vidler's career as a pivotal figure in American architectural theory from the 1970s to the 2000s. It discusses Vidler's influential essays, notably "The Third Typology," which initially outlined distinctions between modern and postmodern architecture but later questioned its own conceptual framework.

The essence of technology and its relationship to professional practices and human activities is a troubling question in the age of our algorithmic civilization. The close and systematic relationship between technology, architecture, and culture has mutated to levels of dependence not seen in human history. This article attempts to reveal the nature of the multiple relationships that link technique to architecture, design, and the didactics of the architectural project. We can only draw up a historical balance sheet of architecture, which is becoming more and more spectacular and difficult to include in a current with recognizable stylistic features if we grasp its intimate relationship with technical and technological effervescences. Architectural discourse can only be erected as a theory if it aspires to universality, and in this, it can only stand on the solid and lasting foundations of technology. Currently, the question of the use of Digital technologies and the involvement of artificial intelligence in architecture brings back the debate on theories and dogmas that have always marked its history and theory, such as style, proportion, ornament or skin, and double skin. It even calls into question the future of this profession. It becomes surprising to grasp the extent to which architecture has revolved for centuries around the wall, the roof, and the supporting posts, making it seem that architecture can only proclaim itself as such through these elements. The paradigm shifts of project design that become parametric combined with changes in CNC manufacturing modes all this to reconfigure historically the modes of development and realization of the architectural project. This essay attempts to conceptualize this historic breakthrough to measure its impact on the entire ecosystem of the construction sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relationship between tradition and modernity significantly influences society, culture, and architectural discourse. This philosophy offers a framework for exploring the impact of traditional architecture on contemporary Iranian architecture from different perspectives and approaches. Various viewpoints exist on whether historical architecture can be a defining characteristic of contemporary architectural discourse. Through an in-depth review of analysis-centred architectural literature, a unique method was chosen for analysing contemporary architecture and gaining insight into its creation. The main goal of this study is to establish a productive relationship between past-oriented architecture, innovative architectural concepts, and contemporary thought. This article examines three critical viewpoints, tradition as imitation, transmission, and transformation, alongside analysing their influential components on architectural form to gain insight into productively connecting with historical achievements and show that the role of history is to add new values to architecture-conscious needs that have changed during history. Ultimately, the challenge lies in finding a suitable path among diverse perspectives and reinterpretations and establishing a productive relationship with history and contemporary thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pixo: Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade is the property of Pixo Revista de Arquitetura Cidade e Contemporaneidade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout history, various alternative approaches have been considered that conceptualize the dialogue between architectural objects and their sites. This study explores whether this conceptual richness is reflected in Turkey’s contemporary architectural agenda by focusing mainly on the period from 1990 to the present. The Mimarlık Journal, one of Turkey’s leading architectural journals, was chosen as the object of investigation, presenting the contemporary written language of academics and professionals. In this research, relevant and current literature was first reviewed to identify site-related terms (place, settlement, local, topography, context, environment, nature, history, social, culture and identity) as a toolkit for analyzing the Mimarlık Journal. The analysis of the toolkit has led to the creation of a digital database via the application of digital humanities methods of manual text mining and critical reading to highlight the diversity and richness of sites’ language(s). The result is the mapping of the terms used in context to understand the diversity, actors, and systems of thought in site narrative. The results show that the discussions in the journal mainly focus on the critique of contemporary architectural practices, rather than theoretically expanding the topic and drawing on production in fields such as art, philosophy, and anthropology. The discussions in the journal refer to the canonical texts of international literature in the field of architectural theory and urbanism between the 1960s and the 1990s. However, there is an evident lack of current sources in the bibliographies, which shows that systems and patterns of thought do not change simultaneously. This study shows that the mapping and deep reading of journal articles represent a very effective research method in the field of architecture by contributing to the site narrative while making apparent the diversity and richness of its language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultural diversity influences different types of mosque roofs that can be seen even in neighboring districts. This paper examines the differences in mosque dome types in two areas that differ in terms of cultural diversity, namely the Ulu and Ilir areas of Palembang City. The Ulu area is known to have much lower cultural diversity than the Ilir area. The survey was conducted on 50 mosques located in Palembang City and spread across the two regions. We then categorized them into three roof coverings: dome, pyramid, and mixed. We also calculated a diversity index to assess social diversity in each region. Fisher's Exact test was then conducted to determine whether there were differences in dome types by region. It was found that round domes dominated the Ulu region, while pyramids and mixed domes dominated the Ilir region. The paper concludes that the cultural composition in the Ulu, which the Palembang Malay ethnic group dominates, encourages of using of the standard round dome. In contrast, the relatively high cultural diversity in the Ilir leads to the prominence of the identity of the elites who prioritize the pyramid dome and efforts to accommodate multiculturalism with the mixed dome. In particular, this article can encourage efforts to develop theories on architectural dynamics under the influence of cultural diversity in urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For architects, the construction of a dataset for use in AI, whether imported from somewhere else or newly created, is fundamentally an epistemological canon of references, likes and preoccupations often predicated on the selection of so‐called masterpieces of Western art. The canon represents ideals of beauty and knowledge, but it also reflects a bias in favour of art created by those who have occupied the most socially, politically and economically powerful positions in culture. Mario Carpo, architectural historian, critic and Reyner Banham Professor of Architectural History and Theory at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, leads us through a succinct series of eras and architectural styles to demonstrate this fact and their lack of diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the application of the relationship between architectural form and the expression of the Buoyant Montessori School (BMS) Kupang building. Developing a philosophy of architectural anatomy using the fundamentals of architectural design is the initial step in the study. The study's foundation is architectural anatomy and the design principles discovered in the observation unit of the two- and three-dimensional redesigned Buoyant Montessori School (BMS) Kupang building. After investigation, an interpretation of the Buoyant Montessori School (BMS) Kupang buildings was developed. This interpretation incorporated an ideology of universal educational value as well as a monumental, formal, local expression. For stakeholders, particularly the regional government and architectural practitioners, the study's findings can be used as a reference source and enhance the architectural concept of school buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iranian Studies / Pizhūhish/hā-yi Īrānshināsī is the property of University of Tehran and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article explores the evolution of architectural and urban theory in the wake of the 1960s politicisation of the architecture faculties of TU Berlin and ETH Zürich. Focusing on Oswald Mathias Ungers, Jörn Janssen, and their students, it examines a symposium, an exhibition, and a seminar that shaped divergent perspectives on architectural theory. It considers Ungers' attempts to reform architectural education and the profession itself in relation to West German socio-economic transformations, focusing on Ungers' 1967 symposium and Janssen's contributions to it. It then considers student criticism through a "go-in" organised at that same event and the 1968 student-led exhibition Caution Architectural Theory. It finally examines Janssen's 1970 seminar at ETH, which unravelled the socio-economic roots of a Zurich housing development and demonstrated the need for revolutionary change in housing and planning. These episodes, observed through their material, social and political contexts, display alternative understandings of architectural theory and, consequently, of architecture's role in achieving change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 1967 Oswald Mathias Ungers convened an international congress on "Architectural Theory" at the TU Berlin. The proceedings of this event were published in German one year later. Here, two excerpts from those proceedings are published in English for the first time: the opening address given by Ungers, and a lecture by Colin Rowe. Ungers' welcoming remarks emphasise the importance of discussing architecture's theoretical foundations in a time of mounting protests, major technological innovations and an intense phase of building activity in the city of Berlin. He openly questions whether historical insights remain relevant, or whether they burden contemporary practice. Rowe responds by dissecting architecture's engagement with history. Rather than analysing the present situation, Rowe delves into modernism's historical subconscious and demonstrates how the threat of crisis has been used to fuel two enduring myths: architects as saviours of society; and their buildings as an index of the times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the response of the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zurich) to the student unrest of 1968. Specifically, it analyses the teaching of Swiss architect and educator René Furer on architectural theory. One of the key examples is Furer's lecture on mannerism, in which both sixteenth-century and contemporary projects were used to illustrate "semantic" and "syntactic" dimensions of architecture. The terminology and pluralist content of the lecture show how mannerism was related to the notion of architecture as language and to nascent postmodernism. By highlighting this episode, the paper challenges the prevailing narrative of Swiss architecture as a bastion of modernism, suggesting that teaching at ETH was more in tune with international developments than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture, often regarded as a three-dimensional art form, relies on a multitude of abstractions during the design process. In this context, architectural elements are effectively represented through vector-based data processing techniques, offering a canvas for creative exploration. To further our understanding of spatial configurations and generate multiple design insights, mathematical structures known as graphs come into play. Graph theory, a fundamental component of this process, it is a mathematical field that studies relationships and connections between objects using vertices and edges, finding applications in computer science, network analysis, and more finds application in architectural design. This study delves into the application of graph theory in the analytical exploration of urban networks, with a focus on tourism parameters in the picturesque town of Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu, India. Traditionally, urban network analysis seeks to determine the shortest distance between origin and destination, a metric rooted in accessibility. However, in leisure destinations, a novel approach involving an optimized distance-based algorithm is introduced. This innovative methodology aims to facilitate efficient access to all tourist destinations within the spatial extent while minimizing discrete physical distances. To illustrate this concept, we take the iconic French Quarters in the White Town of Pondicherry as a case study. By applying the optimized distance-based algorithm, we endeavor to uncover the most efficient route for tourists to navigate and leisurely explore the area. The outcome of this analysis reveals a path graph structure, which, when compared to a circular graph structure, demonstrates superior efficiency in guiding tourists through the space. The implications of this tourist route extend beyond the realm of tourism itself. It has the potential to enhance the organization of tourist activities, allowing stakeholders to manage and regulate the flow of visitors. Additionally, it presents an opportunity to promote and develop the region's often-underestimated tourist destinations, which can, in turn, have a positive impact on the local economy. In summary, the integration of graph theory into architectural and urban design methodologies enriches the approach to tourism and offers a holistic perspective on spatial optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 1970s, Lebbeus Woods embarked on an ambitious project: to depict Richard Wagner's The Ring Cycle. Jörg H Gleiter, Professor of Architectural Theory at the Technical University Berlin, takes us through the intersected worlds of music, drama and visual expression, suggesting that both Wagner and Woods are critics of Enlightenment. Exploitation of Earth, greed and envy are the beginning of the End, for Wagner. A century later, Woods extends this negative mythology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In artificial intelligence (AI), generative systems, most notably Midjourney, have tremendous power to generate creative images of buildings and sites of Islamic architectural heritage through text-to-image generation based on the internet. The AI-generated representations have significant potential for architects, specialists, and everyday users. However, the system has considerable limitations when generating images for some buildings and sites where the representations appear too far from their original represented structures. Evaluating Midjourney as an architectural virtual lab, this research article attempts to define the major current limitations of using Midjourney's AI system in producing images similar to the actual buildings and sites of Islamic architectural heritage. This research employs prompt engineering techniques based on historical sources as inputs to examine the accuracy of the output of the AI-generated images of selected examples of structures of the Islamic tradition. To validate the research results, it compares the Midjourney output with the original look by employing direct observation through critical analysis of human intelligence (HI) facilitated by the analysis of the latest version of 3M Visual Attention Software and an online survey. It concludes that while Midjourney can represent high-end AI-generated images inspired by the Islamic tradition, it currently falls short of presenting the actual appearance of some of its original structures. Furthermore, it categorizes these limitations into four groups: (1) limits of the prompt, (2) limits of fame, (3) limits of regionality and historical styles, and (4) limits of architectural elements and details. The significance of this research lies in providing timely evaluation factors to architectural heritage practitioners and software developers. This practical article is the second in a series of two sequential articles in the Buildings journal; the first (theoretical) article introduces the concept of Artificial Intelligence Islamic Architecture (AIIA), answering the question: what is Islamic architecture in the age of artificial intelligence? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the challenges of global climate change, zero-carbon buildings (ZCB) serve as a crucial means to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, particularly in the development of tropical island regions. This study aims to establish a ZCB technology system suitable for the unique climatic conditions of tropical islands. By employing methods such as energy flow boundaries, parametric design, and data-driven optimization algorithms, the research systematically analyzes the integrated mechanisms and optimization solutions for energy utilization, energy conservation, energy production, and intelligent systems. The study identifies and addresses key technical challenges faced by ZCB in tropical island regions, including the accurate identification of system design parameters, the precise quantification of the relationship between design parameters and building performance, and the comprehensive optimization of technical and economic goals for zero-carbon operational design solutions. The research results not only provide a comprehensive theoretical framework, promoting the development of architectural design theory, but also establish a practical framework for technology and methods, advancing the integration and application of ZCB technology. The study holds significant practical implications for the green transformation of the tropical island construction industry and the realization of national dual-carbon strategic goals. Future research should further explore the applicability of the technology system and the economic feasibility of optimized design solutions, promoting continuous innovation and development in ZCB technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The redundant architecture of the safety instrumented function (SIF) loop should meet the requirement of safety and spurious trip rate (STR). Combining the experience on safety integrity level (SIL) verification, an engineering analysis is conducted on the standards and various mandatory constraints that affect the design of SIF redundant architecture, as well as the factors that affect the design of SIF loop redundant architecture, such as safety failure factor (SFF), mean failure rate, spurious trip rate, common cause failure (CCF), proof test interval, instrument measuring and manufacturing principle, constraints of instrument failure mode on redundant architecture degradation. Suitable redundant architecture design philosophies have been provided. A suitable redundant architecture design should include all components in the SIF loop. More instruments do not mean better neither do less instruments. If the economical condition permits, rationality should be the result of balancing safety and low spurious trip rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications (JASA) is the property of Journal of Architectural Sciences & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0034-8244) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A critical note on Paul Guyer's A Philosopher Looks at Architecture (2021). In his book, Paul Guyer proposes that the Vitruvian triad of venustas, utilitas, and firmitas represents central goals and normative values of architecture – ideals that architects should realize and success criteria regarding their realization – that persist through time, place, cultural settings, and other contextual parameters. Indeed, the triad presents sufficiently abstract goals that many disparate views in architectural theory may be subsumed under the triad as distinctive ways of explaining how architecture may be beautiful, functional, or structurally sound. These are significant thematic values by which we experience and judge architecture (as are also useful in gauging other human pursuits), and which architects draw on in their creative acts. There is much to recommend this broad picture of the triad as architectural ideals. That said, I suggest two difficulties for Guyer's claim as to the centrality of these values, relative to architectural success regardless of Vitruvian goal-satisfaction; and to non-persistence across architectural cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slime moulds have no central nervous system and are single‐ cell organisms, yet they can build communities of themselves to create complex, food‐foraging cooperative networks. They are even known to solve mazes in search of something to eat. Mario Carpo, Reyner Banham Professor of Architectural History and Theory at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, explains the unique position of slime moulds in recent complexity and emergence studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on posthuman' was coined in 1977 by the Egyptian scholar Ihab Hassan, for some scholars. Topics include Posthumanisms are responses to human bodies developing in new ways, human minds and brains being altered in recent neurological, epistemological ways; and drivers depend on contested definitions of ‘life', ‘vital' and ‘animate', ‘sentient' and ‘conscious.'

Humans have always sought to grasp nature's working principles and apply acquired intelligence to artefacts since nature has always been the source of inspiration, solution and creativity. For this reason, there is a comprehensive interrelationship between the philosophy of nature and architecture. After Charles Darwin's revolutionary work, living beings have started to be comprehended as changing, evolving and developing dynamic entities. Evolution theory has been accepted as the interpretive power of biology after several discussions and objections among scientists. In time, the working principles of evolutionary mechanisms have begun to be explained from genetic code to organism and environmental level. Afterwards, simulating nature's evolutionary logic in the digital interface has become achievable with computational systems' advancements. Ultimately, architects have begun to utilise evolutionary understanding in design theories and methodologies through computational procedures since the 1990s. Although several studies about technical and pragmatic elements of evolutionary tools in design, there is still little research on the historical, theoretical and philosophical foundations of evolutionary understanding in digital architecture. This paper fills this literature gap by critically reviewing the evolutionary understanding embedded in digital architecture theories and designs since the beginning of the 1990s. The original contribution is the proposed intellectual framework seeking to understand and conceptualise how evolutionary processes were defined in biology and philosophy, then represented through computational procedures, to be finally utilised by architectural designers. The network of references and concepts is deeply connected with the communication between natural processes and their computational simulations. For this reason, another original contribution is the utilisation of theoretical limits and operative principles of computation procedures to shed light on the limitations, shortcomings and potentials of design theories regarding their speculations on the relationship between natural and computational ontologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a book review of "Biome Diaries: Now, Then & Emergence," a compilation of diaries that reflect on the practice of Biome Environmental Solutions, an architectural firm in India. The diaries contain entries from clients, peers, and team members of Biome, in various forms such as stories, poems, essays, and drawings. The review highlights the unique texture and diversity of voices in the diaries, which is different from the controlled consistency found in most architectural publications. The diaries are divided into three sections, each focusing on a different stage in the evolution of the practice. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of embracing different expressions and voices in the architectural profession. [Extracted from the article]

In Indonesia, there is an ongoing trend toward a rise in modern mosque architecture without domes and traditional identity. Although contemporary mosque architecture is increasing in Indonesia and the world, the concept still generates debate among Islamic society and intellectuals. This study aims to analyze how the conception of symbols and meaning, the architectural style of contemporary mosques in the Indonesian Reformation Era can be accepted by society. The study method is qualitative, by applying library and research field studies. Procedure data collection using method interview, observation, and documentation. The objects of his research are the Assamawaat Mosque-Tangerang, Muhammadiyah PP A-Tanrim Mosque-Central Jakarta, Jami' Darussalam Mosque-Central Jakarta, Al Azhar Bekasi Mosque, Asmaul Husna Bekasi Mosque, Al Safar KM88 Mosque-Cipularang, Merapi Mosque-Jogyakarta, Al Ikhlas Mosque/Honeycomb-Sidoarjo. This research applied the theory of Roland Bartes semiotic approach; the sacred and profane meaning, Charles Jenks theory to obtain the Symbol Theory of contemporary mosque architectural styles in the Indonesian reform era, and Sayyed H Nasr for Philosophy of Islamic architecture. The findings and results of the study are Contemporary Mosque Architecture in Indonesia, Symbolizing the Hybrid of Islam, and the West. So, Islamic and Western cultures live and develop well in Indonesia. I recommend the results of this research to architectural practitioners, academics, and the public to be applied to contemporary mosque designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How should we do the history of US midcentury modernist architecture—a period marked by intense campaigns of Native American dispossession in the face of organised Indigenous resistance? The spatial development of the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians' ancestral lands in Palm Springs, California, offers an illustrative case study for these intersections; a history of colonial settlement both enabled and constrained as much by canonical architects like Albert Frey and Richard Neutra as by the Agua Caliente's own highly influential political activism. This history challenges the perfect model of nested state jurisdiction—seamlessly connecting territory and expertise—to show a tangle of jurisdictional relations of various degrees and kinds of opacity, marked and mediated by architecture. This article explores these entanglements as the effects of "jurisdictional technics," or how architecture organised relations of authority among and between competing regimes of order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a workshop held at Penn State University in 2018, which focused on different methodological approaches to analyzing a single passage from Vitruvius' De architectura. The passage in question describes the homo bene figuratus, or "well-formed human being," and its role in temple composition. The workshop aimed to test the strengths and limits of close reading as a methodology in Classics, and the resulting papers varied widely in their interpretations. The article also highlights recent scholarship on Vitruvius and his treatise, as well as the passage's connection to Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. The papers in this special issue explore the passage from various perspectives, including archaeology, cognitive reading, linguistic analysis, and the reception of the homo bene figuratus in Renaissance architecture and contemporary film and television. [Extracted from the article]

This article is a review of the publication The Ring Metaphor and the Spirit of Sofia and other essays by Lino Bianco. The book was published by Kite Group, Ħamrun, Malta, 2022 with ISBN 978-9918-23-053-2 (Hardback) / 978-9918-23-054-9 (Paperback). Bianco is an architect and an academic and Ambassador Emeritus of the Republic of Malta to the Republic of Bulgaria.

This article seeks to advance a key element of the methodological framework for evolutionary economic geography (EEG)—the conceptualisation of 'urban space'. Drawing on recent theories from architecture and urban data science, it argues that the networked and topological qualities of urban built environments have been neglected in the EEG discipline, and yet they play an important role in how cities work as 'complex evolving systems'. The article explores different ways in which the spatial configuration of cities influences urban economic evolution, drawing on Bill Hillier's theory of space syntax and a case study from Greater Manchester. It concludes that when urban street systems are disrupted this can potentially become one contributing factor in why places become economically 'left behind'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines a pedagogical approach to the virtual reconstruction of the 16th-century Monastery of Madre de Deus, Lisbon, Portugal. The monastery was built upon a former palace in 1509 by Queen D. Leonor. After her death, it underwent several modifications until its present function as the National Tile Museum. These modifications have obscured its history as one of the most significant religious buildings of the Portuguese Renaissance. To recover this lost history, the research uses a pedagogical approach combining previous scholarship, a laser scanning survey, archaeological survey data, written and graphic historical descriptions, and discussions with historians. The article has two principal aims: firstly, to concretize the results of the eight reconstruction projects produced by students using a Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) methodology. Secondly, to present an alternative model of teaching history and digital technologies. Our research suggests that extending virtual reconstruction research into pedagogy can provide highly original interpretations of complex and contradictory architecture. The approach promotes meaningful collaborations between researchers and cultural institutions while immersing young professionals in the digital tools and current philosophies of architectural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]