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There exists only limited scholarship on Saudi novelists as producers of war literature. Research into Saudi fiction has focused on the questions of its historical development, universality, women's writing, and the reluctance of earlier writers to negotiate socio-political and psychological dimensions compared with the candidness and boldness of contemporary writers portraying these taboo subjects and daring to investigate unexplored regions of human consciousness. This article, however, diverges, using select novels to critique fictional treatment of the Gulf War by Saudi writers. Two prominent American war novels will be used as reference points through which to determine the similarities and differences between the Saudi war novel and its American counterpart. Putting Saudi novels that deal with the theme of war on a par with some American literature that has the same focus aims to uncover patterns of similarity and highlight differences. The goal is ultimately to show how Saudi fiction saw the war while establishing a war narrative that lends the story coherence and meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research aims to explore the significant impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on literary representations of diasporic experiences, particularly focusing on its role in connecting immigrants worldwide. Methodology: The study employs an analytical approach to examine the influence of ICT on diasporic literature. Key Findings: The findings reveal that ICT has played a crucial role in reshaping the concept and portrayal of diasporic experiences in literature. In Inaam Kachachi's novel The Dispersal (2023), Iskander's technological skills highlight ICT's potential to maintain family connections. He uses technology to preserve his family’s history by creating a virtual graveyard, allowing for the sharing of cultural practices and traditions. Conclusions: The research concludes that ICT is a transformative tool that helps preserve cultural identities, enhance resilience, and strengthen the diasporic experience by facilitating communication and fostering a sense of belonging. Recommendations: The study recommends applying the same analytical approach to other novels within diasporic literature to further explore how technology influences diasporic experiences in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A fricative sound is produced by the close proximity of two articulators, resulting in a partially obstructed airstream and turbulent airflow. The frequency spectrum of the majority of fricatives is similar to noise. This peculiarity presents a significant challenge in their numerical processing. Nonetheless, the literature contains a large number of works for fricatives, particularly those of Latin languages. However, very few are related to the Arabic language. The objective of this article is to create and validate a dataset of 14 Arabic fricatives using an acoustic characterization approach. We recorded a speech corpus from thirty speakers for this purpose, yielding 25 200 units of analysis. The data was then analyzed and validated using deep learning-based classification methods. As a result, two distinct approaches were proposed. The first approach is based on the use of three deep neural networks (Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN), Vision Transformers (ViT), and ResNet50) whereas their input is one of three feature extraction techniques (spectrogram, Mel-spectrogram, and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC)) from speech units /Vowel-Consonant-Vowel/ (or /VCV/). The best classification rate observed when using the Mel spectrogram with the CRNN model was 94.07%, while the ViT model surpassed this with a rate of 95.64%. This rate was improved to 97.5% by proposing a second approach based on a hierarchical H-CRNN model with fricatives organized into categories (sibilance, voicing, and place of articulation). The obtained results surpassed the traditional approaches proposed in the literature for the classification of Arabic fricatives due to the hierarchical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authenticity of classical Arabic poetry has long been challenged by claims that some part of the pre-Islamic poetic heritage should not be attributed to this era. According to these assertions, some of this legacy was produced after the advent of Islam and ascribed, for different reasons, to pre-Islamic poets. As pre-Islamic poets were illiterate, medieval Arabic literature devotees relied on Bedouin oral transmission when writing down and collecting the poems about two centuries later. This process left the identity of the real poets who composed these poems and the period in which they worked unresolved. In this work, we seek to answer the questions of how and to what extent we can identify the period in which classical Arabic poetry was composed, where we exploit modern-day automatic text processing techniques for this aim. We consider a dataset of Arabic poetry collected from the diwans ('collections of poems') of thirteen Arabic poets that corresponds to two main eras: the pre-ʿAbbāsid era (covering the period between the 6th and the 8th centuries CE) and the ʿAbbāsid era (starting in the year 750 CE). Some poems in each diwan are considered 'original'; i.e., poems that are attributed to a certain poet with high confidence. The diwans also include, however, an additional section of poems that are attributed to a poet with reservations, meaning that these poems might have been composed by another poet and/or in another period. We trained a set of machine learning algorithms (classifiers) in order to explore the potential of machine learning techniques to automatically identify the period in which a poem had been written. In the training phase, we represent each poem using various types of features (characteristics) designed to capture lexical, topical, and stylistic aspects of this poetry. By training and assessing automatic models of period prediction using the 'original' poetry, we obtained highly encouraging results, measuring between 0.73–0.90 in terms of F1 for the various periods. Moreover, we observe that the stylistic features, which pertain to elements that characterize Arabic poetry, as well as the other feature types, are all indicative of the period in which the poem had been written. We applied the resulting prediction models to poems for which the authorship period is under dispute ('attributed') and got interesting results, suggesting that some of the poems may belong to different eras—an issue to be further examined by Arabic poetry researchers. The resulting prediction models may be applied to poems for which the authorship period is under dispute. We demonstrate this research direction, presenting some interesting anecdotal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways in which the Arabic sīra a genre loosely akin to the romance or chivalric epic can be incorporated into undergraduate teaching on medieval romance. Drawing on my own pedagogical experience and guided by ongoing critical work on decolonising and diversifying the curriculum, I demonstrate the values and challenges of bringing Arabic texts, read in translation, into modules that configure English literature degrees in UK higher education. I focus on Sīrat Sayf bin Dhī Yazan a dynamic sīra available in Lena Jayyusi's lively English translation ('Adventures of Sayf ben Dhi Yazan'), that contains folkloric and chivalric motifs and themes recognisable to readers of western romances, including adventuring heroes, disguise and recognition, magic and the supernatural, and love. Here, I aim to show that comparative familiarity is an ideal tool to de‐familiarise and reorient perspectives on 'romance' (in the broadest sense) in the classroom. Sīrat Sayf opens up a gateway to another geographical location, both historical and imaginative, another cultural and religious context, and another literary and linguistic tradition. I show the importance of multilingualism in teaching romance on 'English' degrees and the broader questions this raises about the stakes of reading in translation while also opening up ways of understanding—and steps to undoing—the structures that create and uphold canons, including medieval romance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article titled: "Opinions of Arabic Critics in classifying Nigerian Arabic literature periods" is aiming to answer the following philosophical questions: what are the philosophical foundations behind their opinions in their classifying Nigerian Arabic literature periods? What are the differences between their opinions? Did their opinions collaborate with the content of that particular period? So, in trying to answer the above questions, this article was designed to use analytical method, and to follow the following steps: After introduction then a brief history of Arabic language in Nigeria, and brief history of Arabic learning in Nigeria, Nigerian Arabic literature and factors that affect its, Philosophical background on Nigerian Arabic literature classifying periods, through presenting Nigerian Arabic critics opinions and analyzing its. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to provide an answer to the accusations of those who accuse that Islam absolutely prohibits the chanting of literary works, especially Arabic poems, based on a misunderstanding of the Qur'anic verses 224-227 of Surah Assyu'aro, in addition to explaining how the development of Arabic poems in the early era of Islam and the attention given by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to Arab poets in the Islamic Era. The research contributes by clarifying misconceptions about the prohibition of poetry in Islam. The study provides a nuanced understanding of the role and acceptance of poems in early Islamic culture. This would include studying how their preferences and criticisms, particularly those related to poets like Zuhair bin Abi Sulma, influenced the literary landscape and aligned with the broader goals of Islamic governance and da'wah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Known for her black-and-white miniatures embedded with Arabic writing, Laure Ghorayeb is a fascinating if understudied figure of Beirut’s cultural modernism. Her work occupied a liminal position between French and Arabic and intersected literature and visual art. This article argues that it is precisely this marginality, manifested in Ghorayeb’s multifaceted cultural identity, that allowed her to move deftly across mediums, practices, languages, and genres, resulting in a uniquely inter-semiotic oeuvre. Close reading selections from her collections of poems, Noir … les bleus (Black … the Blues), 1960 and prose, Iklīl shawk ḥawla qadamayhi (A Crown of Thorns Around His Feet), 1965, in relation to her civil war drawings Témoignages (Testimonies), 1985, this article reveals an inter-semiotic exchange on the page. It offers an interdisciplinary rereading of the modern cultural history of Beirut, revealing an interplay between literature and visual art, which allowed Ghorayeb to maneuver between aesthetic experimentation and political engagement at a time when nationalist and ideological divisions were being sown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes proverbs in the four volumes of The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night otherwise popularly known as Arabian Nights. The purpose is to point out the cultural nuances and implied meaning of the proverbs. The stories are set in the Arabian context hence, they use different contexts to perform their proverbial function. The contexts, the culture, and the elements related to natural, social, and traditional aspects are different. Therefore, it becomes difficult to understand these proverbs. I have attempted to understand and interpret the proverbs in the best possible way. The analysis hopefully provides a better understanding of the proverbs used in these folktales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two major thinkers of anti-colonialism in Algeria—Kateb Yacine, author of the novel Nedjma (1956), and Frantz Fanon—described the impacts of colonial violence through figures of petrification that blur the border between human and nonhuman. Their works ground this article's relational reading across anti-Black and anti-Algerian racializations, drawing on Sylvia Wynter's concept of rhythmic reading and scholarship on comparative racialization. Petrification seeks to capture subjective absence: a modality of living as a negated subject who is excluded from the category of the human. This relational frame suggests absence as a plural, disappearing mode of knowledge production under colonialism. Yacine's novel fleshes out alternative modalities of being human that appear, in Fanon's Algerian writings, as flickers en route to revolution, or clinical diagnoses. Fanon's oeuvre and its readers generate a new critique of Yacine's canonical novel. This article develops absence as a new vocabulary, beyond colonial psychiatry and its agentive resistance, for the reading of literature from the settler colony. Building on feminist critiques of Nedjma, it names anti-Blackness in the novel as an instance of the text's participation in the field of Man at the moment it tries to write, through absence, its outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the prolific film production in the nascent People's Republic of China (PRC) during the 'Seventeen Years' from 1949 to 1966, Maoist cinema received limited critical analysis. While recent scholarly attention has shifted towards examining Chinese film production and exchange within the socialist bloc, a notable gap remains in the literature concerning Sino-Arab film collaboration during this period. This paper seeks to address this gap by utilizing textual analysis and archival studies to explore the practice of Sino-Arab film weeks through the lens of cultural diplomacy. Building upon the framework of the three schools of thought on cultural diplomacy, this study posits that Sino-Arab film collaboration from the 1950s to 1960s operated within the realm of people's diplomacy. This term denotes cultural diplomacy with distinctively Chinese attributes within the Cold War context. This paper also complements the third trend that focuses on the transcendental realm of the state by exploring the little-studied interactions between film screenings and reality in Sino-Arab film weeks. Under the common goal of anti-imperialism and nation-building, people's diplomacy deviates from the conventional paradigm of bipolar rivalry and embodies the spirit of internationalist solidarity among Third World countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kırıkkale University Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Kirikkale University Journal of Social Science (KUJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research is about examining the classical qaṣīda structure, which has been used in Arabic poetry since ancient times, through Mutanabbî's qaṣīda to el-Mughîs b. Bishr al-'İjlî. The document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. In this context, the sources were scanned, and information was first given about the qaṣīda structure seen in Mutanabbî's poems, and then the sections of the classical qaṣīda were discussed through the qaṣīda. In addition to aiming to give key information about the poetry of Mutanabbî, one of the greatest representatives of Arabic poetry, the research aims to show on what principles the matla', prelude, taḫalluṣ, main theme and khatimah (epilogue), which constitute the sections of the qaṣīda, are built. Mutanabbî, who lived in the Abbasid Period, when attitudes and practices contrary to classical acceptance began to be seen in poetry, blended the qaṣīda structure in a unique way compatible with the innovative attitude of the age in which he lived; at the same time, he did not completely abandon tradition and sang poems according to popular acceptance. As a matter of fact, in the prelude part of that qaṣīda, he states that it is the old tradition to include the theme of nasīb, where the lover and the states of love are depicted, and atlāl, which expresses sitting and crying in the land abandoned by the lover, and he is a poet who has included these themes in many of his qaṣīdas. Apart from the nasīb and atlāl themes he uses, he points out social issues and complaints about the situations of the time and the couplets with the theme of wisdom are the subjects that appear in their introductions. Although he found fame as a poet of madih, it becomes more understandable that he defines himself as a poet of wisdom when you look at the wise couplets, he spread not only in the preludes but also throughout his poems. According to the ancient critics who were authorities in Arabic literature, the qaṣīda should have a structure in which harmonious parts come together, with each section having its own unique quality, thus presenting a unity as if it came out of a single mold. Matla' couplet has been one of the subjects that has been emphasized because it is the first part of the poem to reach the ears and will arouse the curiosity of the listeners in listening to the poem, and for this reason it has been seen as the key to the qaṣīda by critics. For this reason, the matla' couplet should have an elegant expression in which the syntax is in harmony and should not contain any usage that violates the rules of grammar. While some critics emphasized the necessity of taking the poetry of Ignorance as a basic criterion by including the themes of nasīb and atlāl in the prelude section, which constitutes the first part of the qaṣīda with the matlâ couplet, there were also those who claimed that it was not necessary to comply with this criterion due to changing conditions. The issue of, taḫalluṣ which provides the transition from the prelude to the main topic, is another issue that critics draw attention to. A successful taḫalluṣ should have a smooth transition that does not make the listener feel that the topic has changed, and should be away from the iktidab, which expresses a cold transition directly from the introduction to the main topic. If madih forms the main theme of the qaṣīda, a portrait befitting the memduh's status and reputation in society should be drawn in the poem. The khatimah, which constitutes the last part of the qaṣīda should have the most striking couplet of the poem, as it is the last part that will remain in the minds of the listeners. For this reason, it is considered acceptable to end the poem with a couplet containing a proverb, aphorism, simile, or wisdom appropriate to the content. It has been determined that Mutanabbî's qaṣīda, which is discussed in the study, meets the criteria mentioned above, although it has its own poetic characteristics. In this respect, the poet left his mark on Arabic poetry with his art distilled from the literary tradition to which he belonged and was nourished, and made his name known for generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imili Nasrullah was born on July 6, 1931 in the village of Kevkeba in the Hasbaya region of Southern Lebanon. He spent his childhood in his village, where he was engaged in gardening. While living in the village, he had the opportunity to observe the traditions, customs and traditions of his village and conveyed them to the reader. Imili Nasrullah, one of the important writers of Arabic Literature, also conveyed the lives, joys and happiness of the villagers in his novels. Although Imili Nasrullah is considered a feminist, she has addressed many topics in various fields in her works. The topics he generally deals with in his novels and stories are: Lebanon's village life, family roots, freedom, migration, exile, equality between men and women, the struggle for freedom of expression, war and the suffering they suffered in war. The author has created an exemplary identity with his works for his period and the new generation of writers. In addition, the author, who attaches importance to the individual and the inner world of the individual, especially the lives of women, also discussed social issues. Imili Nasrullah also discussed the place of women in society and criticized the difficulties they suffered. However, she criticized the discrimination between men and women. This study will focus on the theme of women in Imili Nasrullah's novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper initially examines in detail the story of prophet Moses suffering from a knot in his tongue, since childhood, hindering his ability to speak fluently. This story is transmitted by many tafsīr (exegetical) sources in the context of certain Qur'ānic verses revolving around the tales of the previous nations. Being unable to interpret such passages accurately, commentators of the Qur'ān either give references form the external external sources or related such stories on the accounts of newly converted Muslims such as Abdullāh b. Salām, Wahb bin Munabbih and others. This is, exactly, the challenge that this paper intends to tackle. To do so, it deals with the lofty qualities of prophets the likes of presevertion from repulsive diseases and congenital and moral defects. Then this study moves on to the core of the research investigating the flaws attributed to Moses, peace be upon him, including the speech impediment. Then it covers the story of the knot mentioned in the Book of Exodus, followed by the same topic approached in both Qur'ān and Sunnah. The method of this research includes both critical and analytical subjects. The significance of the paper lies in the substantially devient impact the issue of knot left on the religious culture of Muslim umma, diverting it from the reality of the matter and making many outsiders view the Islamic religion as a religion of naivety and backwardness. One of the most significant results of this research is the fact that Moses's tounge was perfectly flawless and defects free. In fact, his linguistic talent was never burned by coal in the first place; not to mention that, subsequent to receiving the mission of prophethood, he turned to his Lord for the elimination of the speech imediment. Not only was he rewarded by the removal of the knot but he was also endowed with extraordinary eloquence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a detailed analysis of poem 12 from Ibn 'Arabī's Tarjumān al-ashwāq. The poem explores the theme of romantic fidelity and the possibility of loving multiple beloveds. It is analyzed from three perspectives: as an Arabic love ghazal, as a theological exploration of Trinitarian beliefs, and as a gnostic commentary using symbolism. The article examines the poem's literary dimensions, its main dedicatee, and the different types of beloveds portrayed. It also discusses the use of Greek concepts, Jāhilī tropes, and Christian monasticism in Ibn 'Arabī's poetry. The text delves into the symbolism of the sun, gazelles, and statues in the poem, as well as their connection to beautiful women. It explores the cultural and aesthetic significance of these metaphors and their associations with pre-Islamic and Christian traditions. The article concludes by highlighting the complex themes and interpretations present in the poem, shedding light on Ibn 'Arabī's poetic techniques and philosophical ideas. [Extracted from the article]

The influence of Turkish culture on Egyptian literature, especially modern literature, cannot be overlooked. With the collapse of the Mamluk state, Egypt remained a part of the Ottoman Empire for three centuries until the modern era. While Turkish literature draws inspiration from ancient Oghuz, Islamic, and Western cultures, Egyptian literature has been nourished by ancient Pharaonic, Arab, and Islamic cultures to demonstrate its cultural and Eastern identity in the fields of science and literature. Developing under the influence of the West and evolving into various literary forms, modern Egyptian and Turkish literature are almost parallel in terms of their development of literary forms. However, this similarity at the beginning of modern literature found it difficult to influence and be affected for several reasons. This study examines the relationship between Turks and Arabs in general, and specifically with Egypt. It investigates the impact of Turkish-Egyptian political relations on literature, as well as their manifestation in academic works and their influence on basic educational curricula. Subsequently, factors that bring Turkish and Egyptian literature closer or drive them apart are discussed, along with the transmission of Turkish literature to Egypt, the presence of Turkish publications in Egypt, and the interaction between these two communities through travel, journeys, and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia, along with modern education institutions, madrasas that are a continuation of Ottoman education institutions also operate. These madrasas meet the need of the local people to learn religious knowledge. A significant part of the education given in madrasas is based on Arabic. The madrasa students who learn Arabic in a disciplined way produce both original and translated works. With the translations from Arabic, the products of religious education in madrasas are also delivered to the local people who support the madrasa and thus their debt of gratitude is paid. Molla Ahmet Afşin, who received classical madrasa education, achieved this goal with his original and translated works. Afşin, who has five translations, one original work and scattered poems, has been influenced by the classical Arabic literature in both poetry and prose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the enduring influence of Ancient Egyptian civilization in contemporary Arabic poetry, focusing on the ways poets incorporate elements of Egypt's ancient past into their literary works to preserve its memory for future generations. The subject, scope, and importance of this study lie in the exploration of the engagement with Ancient Egypt in various aspects, such as celebrating architectural marvels and acknowledging the wisdom and achievements of the civilization that once thrived along the Nile. The purpose of this research is to underscore the significance of the past in shaping present-day literary and cultural expressions, as well as the role of art in the construction of collective identity. The methodological framework involves a close analysis of selected poetic works, paying particular attention to the interplay between different cultural and historical influences, and demonstrating the vitality and adaptability of the Arab poetic tradition. In addition, this study highlights the implications of Ancient Egyptian civilization in contemporary Arabic poetry beyond the realm of literature, emphasizing the necessity of reevaluating the relationship between past and present and fostering a sense of continuity and connection with a shared history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) is the property of Cukurova Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (CUIFD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper is based on a conception of "literariness" in heritage, as a product of the mechanisms upon which the art of writing autobiographies in Arabic literature is based, searching for its foundational roots in the depths. Looking for the reason for its continuation and preservation, as a genre of ancient and renewed literary genres and an important spatial text in the literary and social life. It is open to more than one reading; it has undergone some transformations and developments throughout the ages with the aim of searching for excellence in two literary works - Kitab Alawraq: by Abu Bakr Al-Souli (335 AH), Mathaq Alsabr by Muhammad Eid Al-Araimi (1954 AD), analyzing their private memoirs, with which they penetrated the stable cultural pattern, revealing what they combine and distinguish themselves with, whether in the form of the covert translation of Al-Souli. In which the pleasure of remembering represents a translation of the state of power and wealth. There is connection to the space of higher authority, in addition to that, writing the autobiography is a subject of pride for Al-Souli. It represents an outlet for the psychological source from the state of lack and brokenness, or being a narrative vision that the writer transferred from its realistic structure, in which sadness and despair dominate the self, to a new imaginative artistic structure. This structure is rich in cultural heritage and symbolic production, filled with optimism and bright aspects of life. In both cases is considered a basis for re-reading the news in the light of authenticity and modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Batman Academy Journal is the property of Batman Academy Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study of the influence of literary figures on the poetry of Azad Kashmir shows that there are influences of Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Persian, Arabic, Urdu and other regional languages as well as classical and modern poetry on the literature of Azad Kashmir. There are intellectual and artistic influences on the poetry of Azad Kashmir from to the present period. Some thoughts are prominent, some artistic imitation is visible. There is similar style; there is also the use of similar tone. However, all these influences despite this, the poetry of Azad Kashmir has its own individuality and its own style. Azad Kashmir's poetic capital, while being a part of the poetic tradition of Urdu language, has interesting, unique experiences and individual characteristics in terms of theme, theme, style innovation, new symbols, techniques, untouched and unique creative experiences and many other aspects. Azad Kashmir's own regional symbols and some unique experiences give its distinctive color to the poets of Azad Kashmir. Happily, the influence of movements, ideologies and personalities in the footsteps is less visible in the new generation. The poets of the new generation are actively and diligently engaged in creating their own special point of view, their own tone, their own style, and their own color. In spite of the influence of literary movements, critical schools, literary theories, poetic styles and poet personalities in the poetry of Azad Kashmir, its own color and harmony exist with all the beauty, rather, the colors and styles of the poets of Azad Kashmir are different from those of many other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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حكاية رُسْتَم وإسفنديار إحدى أهم الحكايات الفارسية القديمة التي شاع ذكرُها في أمَّهات مصادر السّيرة النّبويّة، وتفاسير القرآن، وتواريخ صدر الإسلام وآداب الشعوب. إنّ مطالعةَ المصادرِ الإسلاميّة التي أوردت تلك الحكاية تقدِّم لنا ثلاث رؤًى تجاهها: الأولى: دينيَّة، وهي التي تبدو في كتب السِّيرة النّبويَّة وتفاسير القرآن، وعُدَّت فيها بمثابة أساطير الأوَّلين أو لهو الحديث. والثّانية: حماسيَّة أو قوميَّة، وقد تجلَّت في شاهنامة الفردوسي وما تلاها من الحماسات القوميّة الفارسيّة، وفيها تبدو أهمُّ عناصر الحماسة القوميّة الفارسيّة. والثّالثة: تاريخيَّة، وقد تجلَّت في كتب تاريخ الإسلام التي تحدَّثت عن سِيَرِ مُلوك الفُرس القدماء من العصر الأسطوريِّ إلى سقوط الإمبراطوريّة الساسانيّة على يد العرب المسلمين، ومن جُملتها كتاب غُرَر أخبار ملوك الفُرس وسِيَرهم للثَّعالبيِّ. تتحدَّث هذه الحكاية عن اثنَين من أبطال الحماسة الفارسيّة وهما رُستَم وإسفنديار، وقد عُرِفا بخَوض كثيرٍ من الحروب المصيريَّة والخطيرة دفاعًا عن استقلال إيران، وللحفاظ على عرش ملوكها، لكنَّهما تصادما في أواخر حياتَيْهما، وانتهى الأمر بمقتل إسفنديار على يد رُستَم بعد سلسلة من الحوادث الدّراميَّة. تُجسِّد هذه الحكاية تصادم عدد من المفاهيم الإنسانيَّة المهمَّة من قبيل صراع الدِّين والقوميَّة، والسُّلطة والشَّعب، والشَّيخوخة والشَّباب، والشَّجاعة والحيلة، والأَسْر والحُرِّيَّة. إنَّ أهمَّ روايتَين لحكاية رستم وإسفنديار وأكثرهما تكاملًا ونضجًا في مصادر التّاريخ والآداب الإسلاميّة هما: رواية شاهنامة الفردوسيّ (~330-416هـ) المدوَّنة بالفارسيَّة، وروايةُ غُرَرِ ملوك الفُرس للثَّعالبيِّ (350-429هـ) المدوَّنة باللّغة العربيَّة، وقد تفاوتت نظرةُ الأديبَينِ أو المؤرِّخَينِ تجاه هذه الحكاية وفلسفتها؛ فالفردوسيُّ كان يتعامل مع هذه الحكاية الأسطوريَّة وأمثالها على أنّها رموز يمكن تأويلها وليست خرافة، أمّا الثَّعالبيُّ فقد رأى هذه الحكاية خرافةً لا يتقبَّلُها العقل الإنسانيّ. إن النظرة الأوَّليَّةَ في روايتَي الفردوسي والثّعالبي تُظهِر وجود تشابهٍ كبيرٍ بين أهمِّ عناصر هذه الحكاية، ولعلَّ حياة هذين الأديبَين في وقتٍ واحدٍ تقريبًا، وفي إقليمٍ واحدٍ، يجعلنا أمام ثلاثة احتمالات حول أسباب هذا التشابه: أوّلاً: أخْذُ الثّعالبي عن الفردوسي وتأثُّره بشاهنامته بحُكم شهرة الشّاهنامة ووحدة البيئة التي عاشا فيها وتقدُّم الفردوسي عليه في العُمْر. وثانيًا: أخْذُ الفردوسي عن الثّعالبي بحُكم شهرة الأخير ومكانته الأدبيّة الكبيرة. وثالثًا: اعتماد الفردوسيّ والثّعالبيّ في روايتَيْهما على مصدر واحد أو مصادر مُتشابهة. لكنَّ هذا التّشابه لم يَحُل دونَ وجودِ تفاوتٍ في مسائلَ فرعيّة وإضافات من قِبَلِ المؤلِّفَين. وقد حفلت الشّاهنامة بالنّصيب الأكبر من الإطالات والإضافات الجديدة كُلِّيًّا، مع حرصه على عدم العبث ببنيتها الأساسيّة، من قبيل مطلع الحكاية والمواعظ الأخلاقيّة والقيم الإنسانيّة التي كان يحرص على تطعيم حوادث القصَّة بها لأسباب ترتبطُ برؤاه الدّينيّة والقوميّة والسّياسيّة.

This article focuses on a controversial document that has not yet been studied in depth. It is a petition sent by an Alawi separatist leader from Latakia (Syria) to the newly elected French prime minister in 1936. Its aim was to persuade the French that their decision to grant Syria independence and to incorporate the Alawi district to Syria would be a mistake that could endanger the safety of the sect. This article presents for the first time in research the authentic petition and compares it with the distorted version of this document that has been available until now in Arabic literature and media. In addition, the article presents the historical background of the petition and demonstrates its relevance to recent Syrian politics. Two appendices appearing at the end of the article include a table summarizing the comparison between the original document and the previously available unreliable version, and a copy of the original petition from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the emergence of new representations of Byzantium in early Arabic literature, with a focus on the Sīra, the biography of the Prophet Muḥammad. This historical investigation leads to a dual conclusions that the Arab perception of Byzantium not only forged an "imaginary Byzantium" but also marked the emergence of Arab self-consciousness. This process significantly influenced the Arab historical and cultural narratives, framing them within the context of the Arabic identity that emerged in late antiquity. Nevertheless, this relationship between the early Islamic community and Byzantium does little to confirm accurate knowledge about Byzantium, rendering the emerging representations as not truly reflective of "reality", but rather presenting us with an "imaginary Byzantium". This applies whether related to events in the 1st/7th century or the transition from oral to written texts during the 2nd/8th and 3rd/9th centuries. Furthermore, these representations reveal more about the creators of this imaginary than the other itself, shedding light on the motives of early Muslim writers who used the Sīra as a vehicle for these imaginaries. Ultimately, the article identifies, through the textual analysis and historical contextualization of Sīra, two narrative layers therein that are related to the imaginary Byzantium. The first layer reflected a pervasive fear of Byzantium, while the second layer represented an attitude of challenge and rivalry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic as a second language is an essential component of modern education. Speaking abilities are a crucial aspect of language mastery and play a crucial role in ensuring effective communication. However, there are still a significant number of students who are unable to adequately master speech skills. This issue has prompted numerous researchers to investigate strategies for acquiring abilities to speak. However, few scholars place a systematic literary emphasis on this subject. In order to resolve the identified issues, the purpose of this article is to examine the emphasis of systematic literature on recent studies concerning Arabic-speaking skills learning strategies among non-native speakers. This SLR writing procedure has referenced the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) writing standard. Four primary databases, Web of Science, Scopus, SAGE, and ERIC, were used to locate the articles and related resources included in this SLR. Based on thematic analysis, there are four primary themes in this SLR: 1) Cognitive 2) Teaching aids 3) Communication Strategy, and 4) Behavior. In order to improve speaking skills to a high level, the study recommends the use of learning strategies for speech skills practised in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural references are phrases and words embedded within a source text that refer to entities, persons, or even ideas that are not present in the target language and culture or are significantly different in terms of sociocultural equivalents. Translating cultural references into a language where translated texts are interpreted through the prism of cultural norms presents a substantial challenge. The objective of this study is to investigate the translatability of cultural references in Arabic literary texts; it describes the presence of textual and matricial operational norms portrayed in the translator's translation procedures and shifts. The analysis focuses on one Arabic novel, Basma Abdel Aziz's The Queue, and follows Toury's (2012) theory on translation norms. After a comprehensive examination of "The Queue," data were methodically underscored, classified, and analysed. The findings emphasize the translator's key role in addressing cultural disparities between Arabic and English societies through selected translation methods, ensuring adherence to the target language's norms despite significant linguistic and cultural gaps. According to this study, the acceptability of the target text is enhanced not only because of cultural requirements but also because of language norms, which prevail over translation choices that can be applied by the translator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents a critical analysis of the use of paradox in Fadwa Touqan's collection "July and the Other Thing" (tˈamuz walʃɑiʔ alˈʔɑxar). It reveals that the poet willfully employs paradoxes in the collection, including the paradox in the title, which reflects her unique vision. Most of the poems in the collection incorporate various forms of paradox, such as verbal, romantic, dramatic, and motor behaviour paradoxes. The study explores the relationship between the paradox in the title and the other poems, focusing on the dialectic relationship between life and death. The study contributes to the limited body of Arab critical literature dedicated to the theory and practice of paradox in poetry, mainly in the context of Fadwa Touqan's works. Touqan, a prominent Arab poet, constantly used irony as a distinct stylistic feature in her poetry, particularly in "July and the Other Thing". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fakhr Razi's Mafātīh al-Ghayb and Alusi's Rūh al-Ma'ānī are considered prominent Sunni exegeses. "Anthropomorphic attributes" is one of the important topics in these two exegeses. The purpose of this research is to compare and evaluate the views of two exegetes on the subject of esoteric interpretation and entrustment to God of the anthropomorphic attributes, which was conducted through the comparative exegesis method. The findings of this study show that Fakhr Razi's opinion on the topic under discussion is different: sometimes he favors entrustment to God (tafwīḍ) combined with esoteric interpretation (ta'wīl), sometimes he rejects esoteric interpretation, and, in some cases, while accepting the necessity of esoteric interpretation, he opposes entrustment to God. From his point of view, the license to interpret is the ruling of the intellect and its necessity where the intellect does not accept the literal meaning of the Quranic word. Alusi does not follow Fakhr Razi in this matter. Alusi is more inclined towards the Salafis and prefers entrustment to God and considers esoteric interpretation to be conditional on the approval of the Salafis, harmony with the Arabic language and literature, and the necessity of dispelling doubt. This shows that the validity of reason and narrations is different for both of them and both exegetes have accepted the interpretation of some verses with more or less intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholarship on Anglophone Palestinian literature has burgeoned in recent years, there has been no attempt to retrieve and assess the work of Soraya Antonius (1932–2017), author of two remarkable English-language novels depicting British-ruled Palestine from the 1910s to 1948, The Lord (1986) and Where the Jinn Consult (1987). Exploring and contextualising Antonius's contribution to this literary corpus, this article examines the cultural, political and linguistic forces shaping her writings. It begins by tracing the fusion of Anglophile mimicry and anti-colonial resistance typical of her parents – George Antonius, author of The Arab Awakening (1938) and Katy Antonius, Mandatory Jerusalem's leading socialite. While her parents funnelled their Levantine-cosmopolitan options into a distinctive Palestinian identity, the Nakba compelled their daughter to take the opposite trajectory, leaving Palestine to pursue cosmopolitan possibilities elsewhere. The article's second section thus considers her work in 1960s and 1970s Beirut, first as a journalist and editor, committed to developing a critical discourse on Western Orientalism, and subsequently as an activist and spokesperson, advocating the Palestinian cause. Probing how these biographical and professional strands shaped her fiction, the final section demonstrates how the first novel's Anglophile fascination with the coloniser's mindset is replaced, in the second novel, with a decided focus on Palestinians' perspectives. Echoing Albert Hourani's critique of the 'Politics of Notables', Where the Jinn Consult thus offers a loving yet bitter account of her parents' generation, complacent and ineffectual in the face of looming catastrophe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story of Rustam and Esfandiar is one of the most important ancient Persian tales that was widely mentioned in the sources of the Prophet’s biography, interpretations of the Qur’an, the histories of early Islam, and the literatures of the peoples. Studying the Islamic sources that reported this story provides us with three views regarding it: the first is religious, which appears in the books of the Prophet’s biography and interpretations of the Qur’an, and in which it is considered part of the legends of the ancients.The second is enthusiasm or nationalism, and it was evident in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and the subsequent Persian nationalist works, that shows the most important elements of Persian nationalist fervour. The third is historical, and it is evident in the books on the history of Islam that talk about the biographies of the ancient Persian kings from the legendary era until the fall of the Sassanid Empire at the hands of the Muslim Arabs, including the book Ghurar Akhbār Mulūk al-Furs by Al-Tha’alabi. This story revolves around two heroes of Persian enthusiasm works, Rustam and Esfandiar. These are known for fighting many fateful and dangerous wars in defense of Iran’s independence and to preserve the throne of its kings, but they clashed at the end of their lives, and the matter ended with Esfandiar’s death at the hands of Rustam after a series of dramatic incidents. This story embodies the collision of a number of important human concepts, such as the conflict between religion and nationalism, authority and the people, old age and youth, courage and resourcefulness, captivity and freedom.The two most important narratives of the story of Rustam and Svandiaar, the most integrated and mature in the sources of Islamic history and sources are: Shahnameh, Al-Fardousi's narrative (~ 330-416 AH), which is written in Persian, and the narrative of the deception of the Ghurar by Al-Tha’alabi (350-429 AH), which is written in the Arabic language. Vision towards this the story and its philosophy lay apart ; Al-Firdawsi treated this legendary story and similar ones as symbols that could be interpreted and not a myth, while Al-Tha’alabi saw this story as a myth that the human mind could not accept. A preliminary look at the narratives of Al-Firdawsi and Al-Tha’alabi shows that there is a great similarity between the most important elements of this story, and perhaps the lives of these two writers at almost the same time, and in one region, leaves us before three possibilities about the reasons for this similarity. The first is that Al-Tha'alabi took from Ferdowsi based on the fame of the Shahnameh, the unity of the environment in which they lived, and Ferdowsi's advanced age over him. The second is that Al-Firdawsi took from Al-Tha’alabi by virtue of the latter’s fame and great literary stature. And the third is that Al-Firdawsi and Al-Tha’alabi rely in their narrations on one or similar sources. But this similarity did not prevent discrepancies in sub-issues and additions by the two authors. The Shahnameh is filled with the largest share of extensions and completely new additions, while he was careful not to tamper with its basic structure, such as the beginning of the story, moral sermons, and human values, with which he was keen to imbue the events of the story for reasons related to his religious, national, and political views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurisprudence Faculty Journal / Magallaẗ Kulliyyaẗ Al-fiqh is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explored the strategies adopted in translating selected chapters from Abdelbari Atwan's political memoir A Country of Words by Husam Al-Din Mohammad. Back translation was used as a method. That is, an Arab Palestinian refugee endeavors to interpret his thoughts and transfer his experience of the Arabic culture to English as a SLT, and then the translator transfers those thoughts back into the original Arabic language as a TLT. The translation is analyzed in terms of its cultural, religious and political orientations endorsed by the researcher who seeks to identify and analyze the main problematic outcomes of the translation by means of observing the contextual and cultural concordance of the two texts. The analysis attempts to figure out if the translation retains the pragmatic and semantic orientation of each expression, the problems that the translator comes across in the process of translation, and the strategic issues adopted by the translator to retain the functional-equivalence of each expression. The study concluded that the strategies enable both the writer and the translator to preserve the Arabic language, which is the essence and the distinguishing feature of the Arabic culture. Atwan, as a bilingual writer, captured the Arabic aesthetic taste in his original text by preserving the Arabic cultural content and form in the original text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is the novel Summer Rains by Ahmad al-Qarmalawi. The purpose of the article is to reveal the identity, cultural and religious heritage of the al-Mosuli Sufi order in the context of the problems of modern Egyptian society. The goal involves the following tasks: 1) conducting a comprehensive study of the thematic elements present in Summer Rains, including the role of music, the depiction of the dynamics of the formation of society, and the exploration of existential themes such as identity and spirituality; 2) an analysis of the narrative techniques used by al-Qarmalawi, with an emphasis on aspects such as character development, plot structure, and selection of stylistic devices; 3) the study of the cultural and historical context of the novel, taking into account its relevance in modern Arabic literature and resonance with social problems; 4) the perception and impact of Summer Rains on the literary community, including critical reviews, translations and awards; 5) assessment of the significance of the novel and narrative techniques for determining the role of literature in the formation of identity and promotion of intercultural dialogue. Research methods are based on a critical reading of the text, which allows to reveal the features of the subject, style, narrative and the impact of the novel on the audience. In particular, the methods of descriptive scenes, dynamics of action and dialogues are analyzed, which help the author convey the authenticity of the Arab spiritual heritage and its contribution to the formation of individual and collective identity. The results of the study indicate the importance of the novel Summer Rains as a work that contributes to the understanding and deepening of interaction between civilizations, as well as prompts readers to reflect on post-globalization trends. The novel reflects the complexity and diversity of Arab society, giving readers the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of its essence. The study reveals the importance of music as an element of cultural identity and a means of expressing spiritual quests. The novel emphasizes the importance of mutual understanding and dialogue between East and West, as well as the relevance of issues of identity and religion in the modern world. The study of the reception and impact of the novel on the literary community determines its significance as an artistic phenomenon that prompts reflection on the global trends and challenges of today. The novel Summer Rains is defined as an important contribution to modern Arabic literature and supports the debate about the role of the artistic word in the formation of identity and the promotion of intercultural dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an overview of free verse and how it emerged and evolved in Arabic literature and examines the differences between free verse and standard poetry. It presents language analysis of using free verse in Arabic literature and discusses the reasons behind free verse adoption. The researcher analyzed pieces of free verse to study the reasons behind using it instead of standard poetry. The analysis includes pieces of free verse to understand the meaning of the texts and its different layers. Not like standard poetry, regular rhythm or meter is not required in free verse. The movement of using free verse started by simplifying poetry rules by producing poems with a single foot or simple meter and rhyme. The analysis shows that poets used free verse because it gives them more freedom to express their thoughts, to use their personal style of musical rhythms, to use different rhythms and meters that go with their emotions and themes and to best express their poetic experiences. It also shows that free verse enables poets to use descriptive language, metaphors, historical depths elements, signs of cultural effects, new meanings without chains and to adopt words repetition as a rhetorical device meaningfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chaste love story of Qays ibn al-Mulawwah and Laila bint Mahdi in the Umayyad era and in the Hijaz is one of the famous love stories that has been widely reflected not only in Arabic literature, but also in Persian, Turkish, Kurdish, and other literatures. In this story, due to the excitement of love, Qays reveals the secret of his relationship with Laila, and this angers Laila's family to prevent their marriage. The story of Mam Alan is one of the Kurdish folk love stories in which Mam, the only son of the king of Yemen, loves Zin, the sister of Mir Zin al-Din, the ruler of the Jazir city, despite the wish of his parents, and the Baker devilish’s intrigues prevent their marriage. Ahmad Khani, the 17th century poet of Kurdish literature, composed this love story in his literary masterpiece titled Mam and Zin and although he has been influenced by the folk tale "Mam Alan" in his poem, he completely transformed and re-created it. In this research, using the descriptiveanalytical method, it is studied how the chaste love and its differences and similarities are reflected in the two mentioned works. The results of the research show that in both stories, the features of chaste love have appeared, with the difference that the end of Mam and Zin's story, unlike the story of Majnoon Laila, ends with a divine and true love, and the virtual love is introduced as a bridge to reach true love. Based on this, the story of Majnoon Laila is just a love story, but Mam and Zin is a love and mystical story in which the expression of chaste love is more and deeper [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) is a fine-grained type of sentiment analysis; it works on an aspect level. It mainly focuses on extracting aspect terms from text or reviews, categorizing the aspect terms, and classifying the sentiment polarities toward each aspect term and aspect category. Aspect term extraction (ATE) and aspect category detection (ACD) are interdependent and closely associated tasks. However, the majority of the current literature on Arabic aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) deals with these tasks individually, assumes that aspect terms are already identified, or employs a pipeline model. Pipeline solutions employ single models for each task, where the output of the ATE model is utilized as the input for the ACD model. This sequential process can lead to the propagation of errors across different stages, as the performance of the ACD model is influenced by any errors produced by the ATE model. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate a multi-task learning approach based on transfer learning and transformers. We propose a multi-task learning model (MTL) that utilizes the pre-trained language model (AraBERT), namely, the MTL-AraBERT model, for extracting Arabic aspect terms and aspect categories simultaneously. Specifically, we focused on training a single model that simultaneously and jointly addressed both subtasks. Moreover, this paper also proposes a model integrating AraBERT, single pair classification, and BiLSTM/BiGRU that can be applied to aspect term polarity classification (APC) and aspect category polarity classification (ACPC). All proposed models were evaluated using the SemEval-2016 annotated dataset for the Arabic hotel dataset. The experiment results of the MTL model demonstrate that the proposed models achieved comparable or better performance than state-of-the-art works (F1-scores of 80.32% for the ATE and 68.21% for the ACD). The proposed SPC-BERT model demonstrated high accuracy, reaching 89.02% and 89.36 for APC and ACPC, respectively. These improvements hold significant potential for future research in Arabic ABSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the applicability of Toury's norms to the translation of Arabic literary texts into English. It also tackles the translation of sociocultural terms from Arabic literary texts into English and highlights the sociocultural differences between the two languages. Moreover, it uses Toury's norms to analyze the translated selections of texts by two translators to determine whether each decided to be loyal to the target reader and explain the expression, or if they decided to be loyal to the source text, translate it, and then explain the influence of each decision on the other norms. For this purpose, the researchers selected 40 excerpts from the novel Midaq Alley (1960) by 1988 Nobel Prize winning author (and the "Father of Arabic Literature"), Naguib Mahfouz, along with two translations by Trevor LeGassick (1966) and Humphrey Davies (2011). These 40 texts contained 74 cases or expressions concerning religion, clothing, food, tools, places, and binomials. The study concluded that Toury's norms (that is, initial norms, preliminary norms, and operational norms) do, indeed, apply to the translation of Arabic literary texts into English. The study shows that the norms are applicable and that the English-translated texts from the Arabic language can be assessed by using these norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses Sufi writing in its contemporary third/ninth-fifth/eleventh century CE context, looking at how writing was shaped by other Sufi and non-Sufi forms. Beginning with an overview of the Sufi writing tradition in Arabic during Sufism's formative period, between the early third/ninth and the late sixth/twelfth centuries, the article goes on to discuss early Sufi piety and the ways it challenged common conceptions and epistemological paradigms of early medieval Islamic thought. Looking at the mid fourth/tenth century case of al-Niffarī shows how mystical piety interacterd with a deep-rooted tradition in Arabic literature to forge the unique dynamics of what we know today as Sufi writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite and perhaps because of Joseph Massad's scathing critique of the 'Gay International', and of Israeli 'pinkwashing' efforts, scholarly theorization of sexuality in Arab cinema has been minimal. Within this context, upon which this article elaborates, I offer recommendations for scholarly movement forward in the area of Arab film sexualities, by analysing the intellectual limitations of extant allegorical and auteurist approaches to the subject, and in turn suggest conceptual means towards a more substantive film analytic praxis. In so doing, I draw from critiques of Massad's position as well as of the pinkwashing agenda, both of which have emerged from and around an interdisciplinary array of texts focusing on homonationalism, homonormativity and homocapitalism; while critiquing the concomitant fact that the majority of such texts marginalize or absent Arab same sexualities and Middle Eastern cultures generally, insofar as they retain an unproblematized transnationalist orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]