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Objective Our study aimed to translate the chronic otitis media questionnaire-12 (COMQ-12) into the Arabic language, evaluate the internal consistency of the test and test-retest reliability, and validate the adaptation for further use in Arabic studies. Study design A prospective observation monocenter cohort study. Settings This study was done at Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt. Patients One hundred twenty five ear pathology-free patients were asked to complete the questionnaire forming group A. One hundred twenty five patients with different forms of COM completed the questionnaire 2 weeks before the planned ear surgery and the same day of the operation, forming group B. Those patients who underwent the ear surgery, completed the questionnaire again 6 months after the operation forming group C. Intervention We did an Arabic forward and backward translation of the original COMQ-12. The patients in group B underwent ear surgery (tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy). After fulfilling the questionnaire in different groups, we assessed the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of COMQ-12: internal consistency, reliability, reproducibility, validity, and responsiveness. Main outcome measures Cronbach's α was 0.973. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was 0.981, while the Intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.973. Results A statistically significant difference was present between group A (average total score 2.38 ± 1.543) and group B (average total score 35.86 ± 5.98). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between group B and group C (average total score 7.46 ± 8.294). The calculated cut-off point of the total score was more than or equal to eight. Conclusion The cross-culturally Arabic adaptation of COMQ-12 was reliable, valid with strong internal consistency and responsiveness. It can detect the significant effect of COM on the quality of life of Arabic patients. This effect would be improved obviously after surgical management that markedly enhanced the preoperative hearing problem.

L’articolo mira a descrivere, attraverso l’apporto delle principali ricerche archeologiche, dei ritrovamenti monetali e dei sigilli, le caratteristiche assunte dalla Sardegna tra il VII e l’VIII secolo, durante i quali l’isola, già bizantina, sviluppò rapporti con altre realtà politiche del Mediterraneo quali il mondo islamico e i Longobardi. The paper aims to focus, by the apport of the main and most updated archaeological finds of coins and lead seals, how Sardinia, even included in the Byzantine Empire, developed its own political characteristics from the 7th to the 8th century AD, through the contacts with other political realities of the High Middle Age Mediterranean, as the Lombards or the Muslims.

Having started his career as a journalist, Eça, throughout his life, always remained connected to the periodical press. It is through this link that he beckoned us to attempt to grasp continuities between journalism and fiction. This study presents a brief examination of one facet of these continuities, i.e. it examines when procedures commonly associated with novels or short stories are used in journalistic texts. In this case, it is a borrowed treatment given to historical and artistic personalities and political actors, making them personality-characters., Tendo começado como jornalista, Eça, durante toda a sua vida, manteve- -se sempre ligado à imprensa periódica. E assim foi que nos acenou com a perspectiva de nele procurarmos apreender continuidades entre jornalismo e ficção. O presente estudo apresenta breve exame de uma faceta dessas aludidas continuidades. Ou seja, quando procedimentos comumente associados a romances e contos são usados em textos jornalísticos, no caso, o tratamento deslizante dado a personalidades históricas e artísticas, a intervenientes políticos, tornando-os personalidades-personagens.

Bakalaura darbā tika aplūkots arābu skatījums uz Krusta karu kustību. Šis darbs parāda, cik atšķirīgi ir Rietumu un Austrumu vēsturnieku viedokļi par Eiropas un Āzijas tautu Krustu karu cēloņiem, gaitu un rezultātiem. Darba teorētisko daļu veido Arnolda Toinbija teorija par civilizāciju izmiršanu, kā arī Samuela Hantigtona ”Civilizāciju sadursmes teorija”. Ar šo teoriju palīdzību autore analizēja Krusta karu iemeslu un to ietekmi uz arābu pasauli. Tika apskatīta zinātniskā literatūra par Krusta karu kustību, rietumnieku attieksmi pret to, ka arī par arābu skatījumu uz Krusta kariem. Pētījums tika veikts ar literatūras analīzes metodi. Darbā tika aplūkoti vairāki literatūras avoti, kas ne tikai palīdz saprast, kas bija Krusta kari, bet arī kā tie ietekmēja arābu pasauli un kas izmainīja to. Izmantoto grāmatu sniegtā informācija par Krusta kariem tika salīdzināta ar reālo skatījumu Eiropā, Latvijā, gan arābu pasaulē, lai labāk pētītu situāciju un izprastu Krusta karu kustību Rietumu pasaulē un Eiropā. Darba apjoms ir 41 lpp. Darbs satur 2 tabulas, 6 attēlus un 2 pielikumus. Izmantoti 40 literatūras avoti., SUMMARY The subject of this bachelor thesis is “An Arab Perspective on the Crusade Movement.” The thesis presents an analysis of how Western and Eastern historians differ in their opinions on the causes, course and outcomes of the Crusades in Europe and Asia. The theoretical part of the work consists of Arnold Toynbee’s theory of the breakdown of civilizations, as well as Samuel Huntigton's ‘Clash of Civilizations’ theory. Using these theories, the author analyzed the causes of the Crusades and their impact on the Arab world. Scientific literature on the Crusade movement, Western attitudes towards it, as well as the Arab views on the Crusades were examined. The research was carried out using literature analysis methods. The paper reviews several sources of literature that not only help to understand what the Crusades were, but also how they influenced and changed the Arab world. The information retrieved from the books on the Crusades was compared with the real views in Europe, Latvia and the Arab world to better study the situation and understand the movement of the Crusades in the Western world and Europe. The thesis consists of 41 pages. The paper contains 2 tables, 6 figures and 2 appendixes. 40 sources of literature were used.

Bakalaura darba “Džinni arābu literatūrā, reliģijā un kultūrā” mērķis ir iepazīstināt lasītāju ar džinna tēla lomu islāmā un arābu kultūrā. Darba pirmajā nodaļā tiek aprakstīti arābu priekšstati par to, kas ir džinni, kādas ir šo mītisko būtņu raksturīgākās iezīmes un kāda bijusi to nozīme pirms-islāma laikā. Šajā nodaļā arī tiek izklāstīta šo mītisko būtņu daudzveidība. Tiek aplūkoti arābu uzskati par tādiem džinnu paveidiem, kā mērids, ifrīts, džanns, gūls, šaitāns, sīlats, šikks, karīns, nasnāss un Iblīss. Darba otrajā nodaļā tiek skaidrota ticība džinniem un to nozīme islāmā, ņemot piemērus no Korāna. Tāpat tajā tiek aplūkotas dažādas mistiskas būtnes, kuras līdzinās džinna tēlam Mezopotāmijas, Persijas, Taizemes un Grieķijas mitoloģijā, kā arī budismā un jūdaismā. Darba trešajā nodaļā tiek aplūkots džinna tēls arābu kultūrā un literatūrā, specifiski “Tūkstots un vienas nakts” pasakās. Nodaļā tiek apspriestas arī arābu bailes un ticība džinnu bīstamībai un to radītajiem postiem, kā arī arābu idejas par to, kā pret tiem pasargāties., The aim of the bachelor's thesis “Jinn in Arab Literature, Religion and Culture” is to introduce the reader to the role of jinn in Islam and Arab culture. The first chapter describes Arabic notions of what jinn is, what are the characteristics of these mythical beings and what their significance was during pre-Islamic times. This chapter also outlines the diversity of these mythical beings and introduces to different kinds of jinn: marid, iftit, jann, ghoul, shaytaan, silat, shiqq, qareen, nasnaas and Ibliss. The second chapter explains the belief in jinn and their significance in Islam, taking examples from the Qur’an. It also examines different mystical creatures that resemble jinn in Mesopotamia, Persia,Thailand and Greek mythology, as well as in Buddhism and Judaism. The third chapter deals with the image of jinn in Arabic culture and literature, specifically in the tales of “Thousand and One Night”. The chapter also discusses Arab fears and beliefs about the dangers of jinn and their evil deeds, as well as Arab ideas on how to protect themselves from them.

Il territorio calabrese compreso tra Locri e Gerace ha subito una serie di significative metamorfosi politiche, economiche e culturali che, a partire dal tardo antico fino all’età svevo-angioina, ha influenzato lo sviluppo di un ambito territoriale solo apparentemente omogeneo. Le tracce archeologiche della presenza bizantina prima, normanna e sveva poi, sono una inequivocabile testimonianza di questo processo evolutivo che è stato esaminato considerando, inoltre, le successive fasi post medievali. Oltre allo studio insediativo si è voluto dare ampio spazio alla cultura materiale anche attraverso i manufatti rinvenuti negli ossari che, dalla metà del XIII al XVIII secolo, sono stati utilizzati per inumare una parte della popolazione sulla quale sono state effettuate le analisi antropologiche che hanno restituito informazioni demografiche di un certo interesse. Inoltre, l’analisi stratigrafica degli elevati, alla quale è stata abbinata l’indagine geologica per individuare le cave di provenienza dei litotipi utilizzati, ha permesso di tracciare un quadro dello sviluppo urbanistico di Gerace. In particolare è stato preso in considerazione il periodo normanno, contraddistinto non solo da un'importante fase costruttiva, ma anche da un'originale sintassi artistica e culturale inseribile, a pieno titolo, nel contesto di un'ampia koinè mediterranea., The Calabrian territory between Locri and Gerace has undergone a series of significant political, economic and cultural metamorphoses which, from the late roman period to the Swabian-Angevin age, have influenced the development of an apparently homogeneous territorial area. The archaeological data of the Byzantine presence first, Norman and Swabian later, are an unequivocal testimony of this evolutionary process which has been analysed considering also the subsequent post-medieval phases. In addition to the settlement study, has been given ample space to material culture, also through the artifacts found in the ossuaries that, from the mid-13 th to the 18 th century, were used to inhumate part of the population on which anthropological analysis returned demographic information of some interest. Furthermore, the stratigraphic analysis of the elevations, to which the geological investigation was combined to identify the quarries of origin of the lithotypes used in buildings, allowed to draw a picture of the urban evolution of Gerace. In particular, the Norman period was characterised not only by an important construction phase, but also by the development of an original artistic moment that can be inserted in the context of a large Mediterranean koinè., Le territoire calabrais entre Locri et Gerace a subi une série de métamorphoses politiques, économiques et culturelles importantes qui, de la Antiquité tardive à l'époque souabe-angevine, ont influencé le développement d'une zone territoriale apparemment homogène. Les traces archéologiques de la présence byzantine d'abord, normande et souabe plus tard, sont un témoignage de ce processus évolutif qui a été analysé en tenant compte également des phases post-médiévales. Aussi la culture matérielle a été étudié à travers les découvertes archéologiques dans les ossuaires qui, du milieu du le XIIIème au XVIIIème siècle, étaient utilisés pour inhumer une partie de la population sur laquelle les données anthropologiques renvoyaient des informations démographiques intéressant. De plus, l'analyse stratigraphique des maçonneries, et la recherche géologique pour identifier les carrières d'origine des lithotypes utilisés dans les bâtiments, a permis de dresser un tableau de l'évolution urbaine de Gerace. En particulier, a été analysée la période normande: elle est caractérisée non seulement d'une phase architecturale importante, mais aussi par le développement d'un moment artistique original qui peut être inséré, de plein droit, dans la koinè méditerranéen.

The kingdom of Sicily sheltered different «peoples»: «Romans», Lombards, Greeks, Saracens, Jews. Each one was distinguished by its personal law, its language, its religion (or rite). Some Greeks and Arabs belonged to the king’s entourage. In Monte Cassino at the end of the 11th century, then in the palace of Palermo in the 12th century, philosophical and scientific Greek and Arabic texts were translated into Latin. Among the Christians, the Roman and Byzantine rites were admitted; but during the 13th century many Greeks lost their own culture., Schola Salernitana - Annali, Vol 22 (2017)

International audience; Cet article constitue une tentative de bilan de cinquante années de recherche en linguistique et anthropologie linguistique sur la Mauritanie. Il traite entre autres de questions relatives au statut de l'arabe dans ses différentes variétés ainsi qu'à celui du berbère.

Treball Final de Grau en Traducció i Interpretació. Codi: TI0983. Curs: 2013/2014 En aquest treball d’investigació faig una anàlisi del model de llengua que han emprat quatre traductors a l’hora de realitzar les tres traduccions que hi ha al català de la novel·la Le Petit Prince. Així, he revisat, d’una banda, la fidelitat a la normativa i, d’una altra, el component dialectal de les traduccions, ja que aquest llibre ha estat traduït seguint dues varietats dialectals diferents, l’oriental i l’occidental de la llengua catalana

ÖZETDÂVÛD-I KAYSERÎ’NİN A’YÂN-I SÂBİTE YORUMUİbnü’l-Arabî sonrası dönemde varlık ve bilgi meseleleri arasındaki ilişki birbiriyle daha sıkı bir hâl almıştır. Bu dönemde söz konusu ilişkinin bir tezâhürü olarak seyr u sülûk merhaleleri ile eşyânın hakîkatini bilme arasında doğrudan irtibatlar kurulmuştur. Bu irtibatın ne şekilde sağlandığı husûsunda ilâhî isimler çerçevesinde dile getirilen düşünceler, dönemin meselelerinin esasını teşkîl etmektedir. İlâhî isimlerin sûretleri olarak kendine özgü bir tür varlık biçimini ifâde eden a’yân-ı sâbite, bu özelliğinden dolayı isim-müsemmâ ilişkisinin ele alınmasında sûfîlerce başvurulan bir kavram olmuştur. Böylece ilâhî birlik mertebelerinde kendine özgü bir konumu olan a’yân-ı sâbite, varlık ve bilgi meselelerinin odak noktasında bir yer tutmuştur. Çünkü a’yân-ı sâbite yapısı gereği hem tesir hem de teessür durumlarına sahip olmakla hem varlık veren feyzi kabul etmekte hem de kendinde içkin olarak bulunan bilgilere göre dış varlık üzerinde belirleyici olmaktadır. Şu hâlde hâriçte tahakkuk etmiş varlıklar, a’yân-ı sâbitenin Hakk’a vermiş olduğu ma’lûmâttan ibaret oldukları için insanın Hakk’a dâir bilgisi de ancak a’yân-ı sâbitede zuhûr eden varlık tecellîsi kadar olmaktadır. Netice itibariyle a’yân-ı sâbite kavramı etrâfında dile getirilen düşüncelerin, vahdet-kesret, basitlik-mürekkeplik, tecellî, zuhûr ve mazhar arasındaki ilişkinin keyfiyetine dâir tasavvufun nazariyât kısmına yeni perspektifler ve farklı boyutlar kazandırdığını söyleyebiliriz. Anahtar Kelimeler: İbnü’l-Arabî, Dâvûd-ı Kayserî, A’yân-ı sâbiteABSTRACTCONCEPT OF IMMUTABLE ENTITIES (A’YÂN AL-THABITA) IN DAVUD AL-QAYSARIAfter Ibn al-Arabi Sufis pay more focused and intense attention to the relationship between existence and knowledge. In this period, because of this relationship, some contacts have been established between the stages of sayr al-suluq and understanding the reality of things. As regards how this contact has been established, the thoughts expressed within the framework of the divine names constitute the essence of the debates in this era. As the form of the divine names expressing a peculiar form of existence, immutable entities is a concept that has come to be used by Sufis in handling the relationship between name and named. Thus, immutable entities that has a unique place in the degrees of divine oneness is situated in the center of the problems of existence and knowledge. Due to its nature, immutable entities accepts the effusion (fayd) that gives the existence by both influencing and being influenced. It is this immanent datum that makes immutable entities the determinant on external entity. Thus, because of the fact that the entities existing outside are only datum immutable entities gives to God, peoples’ knowledge about God is made up of manifestation of the existence occurring in immutable entities. Consequently, we can say that, views put forward about immutable entities have brought new perspectives and opened various dimensions such as oneness-manyness, noncompound-compound, self disclosure, manifestion and locus of manifestation in the Sufi doctrines. Keywords: Ibn al-Arabi, Dāvud al-Qaysari, Immutable Entities