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This article presents serious errors, corrections and omissions in the New York Times coverage of the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza from October 2023 to June 2024. The Times was selected for investigation since it is one of the most influential newspapers in the world. Errors were identified by external sources, corrections were late, vague and evasive. Omissions created false context and reporting, and lacked transparency. Among the explored case studies and issues: Al-Ahli Hospital explosion, civilian casualties, misquoting Israeli leaders, employing questionable journalists, and internal newsroom testimonials. The findings reveal misleading repeated errors, inadequate corrections, significant omissions, and poor editorial supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nawal El Saadawi, an advocate for women's rights in the Arab World, quickly gained international attention at the United Nations' 1980 Second World Conference on Women in Copenhagen thanks to her tackling of taboo topics, such as women's lives in Palestine. Arguing that the conflict with Israel influenced women's rights in the region and that therefore the Israeli-Palestinian conflict deserved attention at the conference, El Saadawi found herself at the center of a larger debate about what counted as "women's issues" and what were "political matters." Spotlighting a particular moment when feminists dug in and grappled with ideas of how to work in solidarity with one another across geopolitical borders, this article provides a window into conversations where feminists challenged assumptions about what "women's issues" were, who should solve them, and what empowered women. Through the story of El Saadawi's participation in these exchanges, this article reveals a major shift that took place in transnational feminist circles when women's issues were deemed inherently political. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that universities should not merely reject but publicly denounce demands to divest from Israel, whether those demands are general or more targeted. It does so first by exposing the fundamentally racist nature of the divestment demands, then subsequently examines several recent university precedents to extract some dozen content-neutral arguments against divestment. If anything, for moral, humanitarian, financial, and most of all academic reasons universities should be investing in, not divesting from, Israel. In this light, anti-Israel activism can be seen as attempting to hijack the university to promote its own, ultimately genocidal agenda, and hence must be vigorously denounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China has been involved in more state-to-state conflicts as a mediator as a part of its increased global influence strategy. After the successful mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in March 2023 and the mediation process it has employed between the Taliban and Pakistan since 2022, Beijing will likely continue those efforts in other conflicts. But how does China select which international conflict to mediate? The article employs Kenneth Waltz’s Neorealism Theory and international mediation literature to investigate this question while focusing on China’s interests as a rising power in the international system. First, the article analyzes China’s role and interest in two recent case studies of international conflict mediation: Iran-Saudi Arabia and the Taliban-Pakistan. Second, the article builds a model or a roadmap of China’s mechanism as a mediator. Then, the article employs the model to discuss and assess China’s future role in the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict in the wake of the 10/07 massacres and the Israel-Hamas war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Design Method Findings Conclusion Clinical Relevance Nurses in southern Israel's public hospitals were exposed to unusual traumatic events following the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack on Israel, and the ensuing Swords of Iron War. This study aimed to clarify the complexity of wartime nursing by identifying profiles based on risk factors (i.e., psychological distress and adjustment disorders) and protective factors (i.e., positive affect (PA), resilience, and perceived social support [PSS]).This study utilizes a cross‐sectional design.Two hundred nurses at a major public hospital in southern Israel completed self‐report questionnaires. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify distinct profiles based on nurses' risk and protective factors. Differences in profiles were examined alongside sociodemographic and occupational variables and traumatic event exposure. The LPA was conducted using MPlus 8.8 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software.Two distinct profiles were identified: “reactive” and “resilient.” The “reactive” group included nurses who had higher risk factor scores (psychological distress and adjustment disorder), whereas the “resilient” group included nurses who had higher protective factor scores (PA, resilience, and PSS). Furthermore, nurses in the “reactive” group were younger, with greater seniority, worse self‐rated health, and a higher frequency of kidnapped family members compared to nurses from the “resilient” group.Nurses in wartime are at risk if identified as “reactive.” Identifying these profiles can assist in developing effective support practices to help nurses cope with wartime challenges and maintain their mental well‐being.Healthcare organizations should tailor interventions to prepare and support nurses of various ages and experience levels, during and after conflicts. This approach aims to reduce risk factors and promote protective factors among nurses during wartime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 7 October 2023, Hamas launched an unprovoked attack on Israel, which resulted in immediate mayhem and chaos. Within hours, hundreds of civilian crisis management centres were created by activists and volunteers, many of them assisted successfully in a variety of areas. This article examined the information management practices of eight centres, using semi-structured interviews. Two factors contributed to the crisis management centres’ success: their ad hoc nature and the use of readily available, easy-to-use technology for the management, sharing, and organisation of information. The article highlights the benefits and efficacy of employing more straightforward and readily available technical solutions in crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion Following the Hamas terror attack on Israeli towns on October 2023, 250 individuals were taken into captivity. On November–December 2023, during the cease‐fire deal, 26 women and children were released. This study is the first to describe the physical and behavioural findings in children and their mothers in the immediate phase of returning home from captivity.This is a retrospective study describing the clinical characteristics of the returnees after 49–53 days in captivity. Patients were admitted to a designated unit in the Schnieder Children's Medical Center of Israel on November–December 2023. The hospitalisation duration was 1–9 days. All patients were evaluated according to a detailed protocol and were treated respectively.Patient population included 19 children (ranged 2–18 years old) and 7 women (ranged 34–78 years old). The most common clinical findings upon return included significant weight loss, psychological trauma, complications of poor hygiene and complications of recent shrapnel injuries. Microbiology tests were positive for multiple gastrointestinal pathogens. Serologic screening tests were positive for various infectious diseases.Clinical findings in this time period were diverse and required the attention of a multidisciplinary team. Long term clinical and psychological effects are yet to be known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a psychoanalysis session between an older analyst, Eike Hinze, and his patient, Mr A. The author focuses on Mr A's inability to accept the passage of time and the inevitability of death, which he projects onto the analyst. The analysis is challenging due to Mr A's emotional detachment and the analyst's active involvement. The patient's issues stem from childhood experiences and control problems, leading to insomnia and self-medication. The article also explores the dynamics between the analyst and patient, with the patient projecting his distress onto the analyst and denying his own need for help. The article concludes by discussing the difficulties of facing the work of mourning and accepting the inevitability of time and death. [Extracted from the article]

This paper seeks to answer a pivotal question: Can the Al-Aqsa Flood change the regional and international equations of conflict? The paper attempts to foresee paths towards peace post-Al-Aqsa phase, viewing the projection of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as closely linked to past events and negotiations. The paper deconstructs its contents and statements to reveal their failure and collapse. It argues that the Al-Aqsa Flood brought the Palestinian issue back to the forefront of global attention after it was forgotten. It was an attempt to confront the Zionist project, and a direct response to Israeli policies, and a rejection of the shifting geography of normalization and its extensions in defense of Palestinian rights to land, Jerusalem, and the return of refugees. These are issues delayed by the Oslo Accords and denied by the Deal of the Century, undermining the Palestinian cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative emotions toward outgroup members are primary factors in maintaining and escalating inter-group conflicts. Building on studies showing that highly creative individuals exhibit fewer negative emotions toward outgroup members, we examined whether training creativity by means of divergent thinking tasks would reduce negative emotions toward outgroup members in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Experiment 1 examined the effectiveness of a 2-week creativity training program that entailed executing divergent thinking tasks. The results show that individuals trained to think creatively exhibited fewer negative emotions toward the outgroup compared to the control group. Experiment 2 examined the effects of a short creativity intervention and found that the intensity of negative emotions did not change immediately after carrying out divergent thinking tasks. These findings suggest that extended, but not short, creativity intervention may regulate negative emotions toward outgroup members, indicating that emotional change in the context of conflicts is possible only after repeated creativity training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With global changes, large-scale natural hazards are more frequent and intense, posing a particular challenge for groups in conflict. Do these shared external threats influence group willingness to cooperate and assist the adversary, and how? The literature suggests inconsistent expectations, from increased intergroup cooperation, to exacerbated animosity, to no discernable impact. We explore this question in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a joint exogenous threat for both sides. Using multiple surveys and a conjoint experiment, we examine whether and how COVID-19 threat perceptions affected Jewish-Israeli preferences for collaborating with the Palestinians against the pandemic, including a novel exploration of concrete policy priorities. We find that greater COVID-19 threat perceptions have little effect on collaborative policy preferences, corroborating politics-as-usual arguments: support for out-group assistance, cooperation, and cost-sharing is polarized by ideological orientation. Our findings outline both constraints and opportunities for intergroup collaboration policies in conflicts facing joint outside challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is the electoral behavior of minorities shaped by past violence? Recent studies found that displacement increases hostility between perpetrators and displaced individuals, but there has been paltry research on members of surviving communities. We argue that the latter exhibit the opposite pattern because of their different condition. Violence will cause cross-generational vulnerability, fear and risk-aversion—leading the surviving communities to seek protection and avoid conflict by signalling loyalty and rejecting nationalist movements. In their situation as an excluded minority in the perpetrators' state, they will be more likely to vote for out-group parties. Exploiting exogenous battlefield dynamics that created inter-regional variation in the Palestinian exodus (1947–1949), microlevel measurements that capture the damage of violence, and an original longitudinal data set, we show that Palestinian villages in Israel more severely impacted by the 1948 war have a much higher vote share to Jewish parties even 70 years later. Survey evidence further supports our theory, revealing that this pattern exists only for members of the surviving communities, and not among displaced individuals. The findings shed new light on the complex social relations that guide political decision-making in post-war settings and divided societies that suffer from protracted conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the origins of a special issue of Deleuze and Guattari Studies, which was prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting social isolation. The author, Étienne Balibar, reflects on the deepening social inequalities during the pandemic and the impact on social cohesion. Balibar identifies two simultaneous processes: the passive synthesis of the human species due to the viral contagion and the anthropological fracture that creates divisions within society. The article also explores the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, highlighting the role of colonization in these conflicts. The special issue includes various perspectives on social ontology, including discussions on war, revolution, technical development, and the representation of sociality in cinema. [Extracted from the article]

The Jewish Left in Palestine/Israel has its own legacies of Palestinian-Jewish activism. I will examine those legacies with a particular focus on the thirty years from 1993 to 2023, when the Jewish anti-occupation independent Left shifted from prioritizing Left anti-colonial secular internationalist ideologies as grounds for regional and international visions of equality from the River Jordan and the Mediterranean Sea into a hermeneutical introspection of what "Jewish" might mean in Palestine/Israel through intersectional and decolonial prisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe main argument of the paper is that we should examine mediator-narrative as an agency in narrative construction of memory during conflict. It demonstrates how despite the differences between the US presidents’ personal world views, their strategic narrations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are strikingly similar. These selective narratives strengthen the image of the US as a peacemaker and benevolent global leader. This narration is achieved by sidelining the detrimental role of the Israeli settlements and security threats, especially the increasing influence of Hamas in the Gaza-Strip. Therefore, this resilient mediator-narrative prevents critical thinking on the conflict and encourages a duplication of such policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research underscores the key role of ideology in shaping the Swedish public's stance towards Israel and Palestine. With the help of a survey conducted by the Surveyinstitute in 2020, this paper studies the Swedish population's attitudes toward the actions of Israel and Palestine in the Israel‐Palestine conflict. The findings reveal a distinct ideological divide along the left‐right scale in the attitudes of the Swedish population towards Israel and Palestine's actions. This ideological chasm extends to additional actors, such as Sweden, the United States, and the EU, in the Israel‐Palestine conflict. While religion does exert influence, particularly among practicing individuals, the study concludes that ideology is the most relevant factor in attitudes toward the actions of Israel and Palestina from a Swedish perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the aftermath of the Six-Day War between Israel and Arab countries, the Soviets and the Americans were locked in a diplomatic and propaganda battle in the UN over the future of the vast territories that Israel had conquered. Fearing that their Middle-Eastern clients, namely Egypt and Israel, could drag them into a direct clash, the two superpowers maintained secret contacts parallel to their power struggle in the UN in an effort to reach an agreement on principles to solve the Arab-Israeli conflict. Studies that analyze the diplomatic and political consequences of the Six-Day War tend to belittle or even ignore the tentative agreement reached between Soviet foreign minister Andrei Gromyko and Arthur Goldberg, the US ambassador to the UN. This article offers a new perspective on the neglected Gromyko-Goldberg agreement and a new interpretation of its indirect role in bringing the two superpowers to support UN Resolution 242 that formed the foundation for future diplomatic efforts to solve the Arab-Israeli conflict, including the peace agreement between Israel and Egypt signed in March 1979. The article also illustrates the negative impact of the Cold War on the two superpowers' attempts to solve the Arab-Israeli conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right-wing ethno-nationalist parties are conceived of as upholders of rigid foreign policy positions. But in what instances might a hawkish party pursue a peace-promoting policy? The present article seeks to examine this question through the case study of the hawkish-nationalist Right in Israel during the 1970s, which eventually led its leader Menachem Begin to sign a peace agreement with Egypt, entailing a commitment to a full Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and the evacuation of the Jewish settlements established in the area. The article examines the process which paradoxically led such right-wing hawkish leadership to signing—with determination and contrary to public expectations—an unprecedented political agreement in the history of the Israeli-Arab conflict. Contrary to the Israeli Right historiography which has, hitherto, focused on Menachem Begin's persona and on his role in the political process—the article emphasizes those broad historical processes eclipsed by the limelight cast on its leader, underscoring the peace discourse evolving within the Israeli right political network, from party activists and supporters to parliamentary leadership. Rather than a personal initiative opposing his network's policy—as considered in academic discourse—Begin's peace project followed the exhortations of his political matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which expresses the views on the current state of journalism amidst global crises. Topics include the impact of the Gaza conflict on journalists, the decline of public trust in mainstream media, and the challenges faced by journalism in verifying information during wartime. It also highlights the significance of journalism in upholding truth and democracy in an era of widespread disinformation and media manipulation.

The Abraham accords signed in Washington in September 2020, a series of joint normalization statements between Israel the UAE and Bahrain followed by Morocco in December 2020, were a game changer in the Middle East. Those Accords provide the pathway to the end of the Arab Israeli conflict and a future of peace, tolerance and opportunity in the Middle East and around the world. Those accords proved that there is a new way for negotiations in the Middle East. One could have been surprised that the EU was not engaged in the Accords when signed. The fact that Europeans believe in the two-state solution as the only solution and the fact that the American President Donald Trump was behind the Accords made Europe skeptical to the Accords. But reality made the difference: The war in Ukraine brought its challenges and Iran’s interference in the conflict (supplying drones to Russian’s army) provoked a real concern in Europe. The Iranian nuclear program seemed again a threat to the west and not only to Israel and Gulf countries. conflict management played a role. This paper depicts how Europe went from skepticism to engagement concerning the Abraham Accords. Geo-political interests were clear: geopolitical realignment, a great potential for Africa and energy and food supply potential in connection to those Accords. Furthermore, cooperation as well as development in foreign affairs played a role in Europeans’ choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past animosities and complex geopolitics make the Israel-Palestine conflict complex and require a multifaceted approach. As modernization theory fails to address such conflicts, we combine post-colonial theory, identity politics, critical geopolitics, with modernization theory to provide a more complete picture. A comprehensive strategy for building a strong and united Palestinian society is presented in this paper, which emphasizes democratic changes, military power rebalancing, international law, and economic independence. Education and technological progress drive societal growth, so strong governance systems are essential for political stability. We demonstrate how these methods work and what are their drawbacks by analyzing real-life examples of how social, economic, and political factors affect conflict. In the study, governments, civil society, and international organizations are a key focus for finding a long-term solution. This extensive research on conflict resolution and growth expands the conversation and offers lessons that can be applied to various conflict situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In times of war, mental health professionals are at an increased risk of developing psychological problems, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The effects of conflicts or wars on mental health professionals in Palestine and their coping methods of dealing with these challenges remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and strategies for coping among mental health professionals in Palestine, in light of the ongoing Gaza war and political violence. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional research design. Self-reported questionnaires, including the PCL-5 and Brief COPE scales, were used to gather data. The relationship between the research variables and PTSD symptoms was investigated using frequencies, percentages, bivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: A total of 514 participants were recruited, with an estimated prevalence of PTSD of 38.7%. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis revealed that having a prior history of trauma and feeling disabled or unable to deal with your patients during the current Gaza war and Israeli–Palestinian political violence increases the likelihood of developing PTSD symptoms. In addition, using venting, self blame, and behavioral disengagement as coping strategies increases the likelihood of developing symptoms of PTSD. Moreover, using acceptance and substance use as coping strategies reduces the risk of developing PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: The findings revealed a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among mental health professionals during wartime and political violence. As a result, mental health professionals need immediate assistance in enhancing their mental wellbeing through supervision, psychotherapy, and comprehensive and continuous training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for a common memory creates a link between personal stories and the shared values of the nation's citizens. Flamm's story reflects an attempt to create such a link. In 1943, a group of hikers in the Galilee came upon an Arab who attempted to rob them at gunpoint. Joseph Flamm, the group's guide and an amateur wrestler, fought the Arab, subdued him and killed him. A different version of the story of this incident came up every few years. Joseph Flamm, the story's hero, played a major role in the attempt to paint the incident in nationalistic colours. His own involvement in publicizing and shaping the story enables us to examine the encounter between a personal attempt to enter the national collective memory and the political use that was made of the story. This article discusses the attempt to turn this criminal event into a national heroic event in the context of the Arab Israeli conflict. The later versions presented it as a tangible expression of national myths, among them scouting and knowledge of Israel's geography, physical heroism and defending the homeland. The last version of the story was published in the 1970s, a period that signalled a change in the Zionist ethos. The Israeli public no longer showed interest in heroic stories such as Flamm's. Therefore, despite attempts to revive the story and efforts to affix it in the collective memory, it eventually disappeared from the public eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Levinasian concepts of sleep, insomnia, and the il y a, this paper examines the liminal states of insomnia and sleep within the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Sleep and insomnia, being proximates of death as well as displacement and anonymous existence successively, are topics that have not, to the best of our knowledge, received any critical commentary within (post)colonial studies. This paper argues that the Israeli military occupation deprives Palestinians from sleep, casting them into the horror and anonymous existence of insomnia which, like the Israeli occupation, signifies impervious dialogue and is a catalyst for both psychic and physical displacement. As the Israeli occupation deprives Palestinians of place and sleep, two terms in the words of Levinas recognised as intertwined, it is the ethical responsibility of Palestinians and Palestinian leaders to arm themselves with wakefulness so as to secure their homeland (place) and to fortify themselves against displacement and the horror of the night. Sleep reveals an ethical dimension when examined closely within the Israeli-Palestinian conflict due to its subtle proximity to death. Hence, we contend that falling asleep on the part of Palestinians is unethical due to its direct adverse effects, namely, displacement and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the genocides in Rwanda and Yugoslavia, the global community's vow of 'Never Again' is under scrutiny amid the severe human rights and humanitarian crisis happening in Palestine. Israel's current bloodshed in the Gaza Strip cast doubts about the global dedication to safeguarding humanity through the R2P doctrine. This research aims to analyse the intricate factors and reveal the shortcomings of the international community in preventing large-scale atrocities, particularly focusing on the failure of the United Nations (UN) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). The writers contend that global efforts to address the present human catastrophe in Gaza have been ineffective because of the politicisation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine. This politicisation demonstrates both the doctrine's inherent faults and the underlying power politics of key actors in the UN. By examining the intricacies and the failure of qualitative analysis of existing data, the study shows how political interests overshadow the commitment to protect human rights and prevent suffering in Gaza. The research highlights the urgent need for measures to identify contributing factors. This paper aims to understand why the R2P framework failed in Gaza, excluding the broader origins and multifaceted nature of the Israel-Palestine conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime shipping is a crucial method of transporting goods internationally and is vital in supporting global trade. However, due to its global scope, the international shipping market is susceptible to political and economic disturbances. The recent escalation in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has severely impacted the international shipping market, particularly in the tense Red Sea region. Previous research has neglected the significance of evaluating international shipping companies, particularly their origins, within their evaluation frameworks. A fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) approach is necessary to address the complexity of evaluating shipping companies with unclear criteria and uncertain expert opinions. Symmetry is crucial in various mathematical fields, with recent applications in hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) and neutrosophic sets (NSs), which are frequently employed to solve complex MADM problems. The consideration of symmetry in decision-making processes can enhance the robustness and fairness of evaluations, ensuring a balanced and unbiased approach. The neutrosophic–hesitant fuzzy set (NHFS) considers both the uncertainty of membership degrees of elements (hesitancy in HFSs) and the performance of membership degrees in the true, false, and neutral aspects (the ternary relation in NSs). NHFSs can be seen as a generalization of HFSs and NSs, providing a flexible mathematical framework to more effectively describe and analyze the uncertainties, hesitancies, and fuzziness involved in MADM problems. This study presents single-valued neutrosophic power Hamy mean (SVNPHM) operators and single-valued neutrosophic weighted power Hamy mean (SVNWPHM) operators, which are derived from power aggregation operators (AOs) and the Hamy mean (HM), within the framework of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNS). Some properties were investigated via these operators. Furthermore, SVNWPHM operators were employed to address single-valued neutrosophic MADM issues. The proposed methodology was validated by conducting a case study on international shipping provider selection, showcasing the methodology's relevance and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study considers the flying of Palestinian flags by Celtic Football Club supporters in Scotland as an illustration of political activism in sport. Despite being over 4000 kilometres away and holding no ethnic, national or religious connections with any community involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle-East, fans wave these flags to demonstrate backing for Palestinian people. With reference to an historical context of the ethno-religious origins of Celtic FC and its supporting fanbase being significantly composed of members of a multi-generational Irish-Catholic diasporic minority community in Scotland, through utilizing fan writings, self-representations, and the results of a small survey of supporters, this research provides for deeper understanding of the intermittent use of sport as a space for 'taking sides' in conflicts that have ethnic, national, religious, and political resonances. Critically, this insight also offers important reflections regarding narratives of antisemitism in football and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of dread and its pervasiveness in today's world. The author argues that dread is a response to the inescapable and worsening conditions of our time, such as pandemics, environmental crises, and violence. The article also explores how dread intersects with race, class, and gender, and how it affects different groups differently. The author calls for collective action and the establishment of institutions that promote collective justice as a means to address and alleviate dread. [Extracted from the article]

This research uses a comparative case study approach to explore the Israeli-Palestinian and Ukrainian-Russian conflicts within the framework of the Security Dilemma. It employs primary and secondary sources. The study analyzes each conflict individually while allowing for meaningful comparisons between them to identify patterns in each case. The research challenges the traditional dichotomy between offensive and defensive realism by proposing that state behavior is influenced by an interplay between both paradigms based on strategic calculations. States may engage in offensive behavior when advantageous or adopt defensive strategies out of necessity. This paper offers insights into these dynamics, thereby generating new perspectives in political science debates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the impact of nonviolent communication (NVC) intervention on advantaged group members' actual participation in collective action on behalf of disadvantaged outgroups, also known as solidarity‐based collective action (SBCA). It also examines the mediating role of hope and empathy in this process. Using an experimental longitudinal field study in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Jewish Israelis (N = 220) were randomly assigned either to an NVC or to a control condition. Results indicated that, relative to the control, participants in the NVC condition showed an increased tendency to engage in activities that are considered part of SBCA 6 weeks after the intervention. Furthermore, the NVC intervention affected both hope and empathy by maintaining higher levels of hope 6 weeks after intervention and by increasing empathy immediately after intervention. Yet hope, but not empathy, mediated the effect of the NVC intervention on participation in SBCA. Theoretical and applicable implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explains the concepts of proxy war and transnational crime and their impact on national stability, aiming to raise awareness and contribute ideas on anticipating these threats. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research draws from the author's experience as a law practitioner and relevant secondary literature. The analysis involves comparing conventional wars and proxy wars, as well as the relationship between transnational crimes and national security, illustrated through case studies of the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Palestine conflicts. The findings indicate that both proxy wars and transnational crimes significantly impact national stability and require serious responses through military and law enforcement approaches. The study underscores the importance of international cooperation in addressing transnational crime to prevent its exploitation by certain countries as a tool to destabilize others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background of the conflict originates from the end of the XIXth century when the Zionist movement (Israeli) promoted the idea of building an independent state for the Jews in the geographical territory of Palestine. Zionism was fiercely met and attacked by the Arab population of the country and resulted in a clash between the two movements for the possession of Palestine. There are two peoples and one territory, hence the reason for the conflict. Both communities consider Jerusalem their capital. In just 6 days of war, Israel conquered 26,000 km2 of Arab territory on 3 fronts. It managed to defeat the superior Arab forces with offensive operations, inflicting great losses on the infantry and equipment. Israel's goals were achieved: the Gulf of Tiran was opened to navigation, terrorist attacks were minimized, and the territory was preserved from the Arab threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of religiosity and customer trust on brand loyalty among Generation Z (Muslim consumers in Indonesia), during a particular timeframe (post-Israeli-Palestinian conflict), thereby adding nuanced insights to consumer behavior research in a globalized context. The study is located in Cirebon, Indonesia, with research subjects namely consumers who buy products from McDonald's and people who follow the issue of boycotting Israeli products from the Palestinian conflict among FEB Management students of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati. The results of the fit model test show that religious values and consumer trust significantly impact McDonald's brand loyalty in the Z generation. Consumer trust has a positive and significant effect on Brand loyalty (Z), with the remaining (1 - 0.505) = 0.495 (49.5%), which is influenced by other variables not determined by the model. This research contributes by bridging the gap between religious values, consumer trust, and brand loyalty, in the post-israeli conflict Z generation (Generation Z, Muslims in Indonesia). The study suggests strengthening the involvement of consumers through social media and promotional events, while also considering the importance of religious beliefs in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sheds light on the unprecedented complexities of the Israel–Gaza war, offering insights into the challenges that journalists face in this conflict zone. It employs the Hierarchy of Influences Model to analyze the factors influencing conflict reporting within the dynamic landscape of contemporary war journalism. Rooted in the Hierarchy of Influences Model, the research is informed by interviews with 18 Palestinian journalists in Gaza. It examines the multifaceted influences on war coverage, encompassing individual, media routines, organizational, and societal factors, offering detailed insights from journalists' firsthand experiences. The research unveils semi-hierarchical influences within the model, illustrating the intertwined nature of micro and macro-level factors impacting war reporting. It sheds light on the complexities of journalistic practices amidst conflicts, underscoring the importance of safety, ethics, and the intricate relationship between personal experiences and professional duties as well as the evolving role of technology, acting both as a facilitator and a limitation in journalistic endeavors. The study holds substantial implications for war journalism practices, providing valuable perspectives for educators, policymakers, stakeholders, and media practitioners engaged in conflict reporting. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the challenges faced by journalists in conflict regions to enhance the quality and accuracy of war reporting. By uncovering the challenges and influences affecting war reporting, this research contributes to the broader discourse on media ethics, safety protocols, and the societal impact of conflict coverage. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive support systems and ethical guidelines to safeguard journalists operating in volatile regions. Bridging academic and practical perspectives on conflict reporting, this study offers unique insights into reporting complexities in the Israel–Gaza War. It emphasizes the critical role of journalistic practices in navigating hazards and limitations, amid evolving challenges for the media in portraying conflicts accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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