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Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A central issue in democratic theory concerns whether and how politicians can maximize their policy returns from bureaucratic delegation. In this article, we propose that politicians assure favorable delegation outcomes in part by strategically matching responsive personnel and prioritized resources across policy issues and over time. We substantiate our analysis with four decades' worth of data from the Swedish executive bureaucracy, taking particular advantage of the fact that the cabinet ministers generally appoint their agency heads on tenure-protected fixed terms. Using a within-agency research design, we show that the governing parties award more funds to agencies appointed by their ideological allies than to agencies appointed by their ideological opponents. Our findings underscore that political decisions about bureaucratic appointments and appropriations are both part of the same general delegation process but also highlight how political competition can undermine democratic control of bureaucratic policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short video Ch'u Mayaa (Maya Blue, 2017) by artist Clarissa Tossin uses the Barnsdall (or Hollyhock) House, one of five Southern California textile block homes by Frank Lloyd Wright built in the early 1920s, as the setting for a dance performance by the choreographer Crystal Sepúlveda. Without dialogue or narration, the video raises complex issues about the use and appropriation of imagery and designs from the ancient Americas, and the ways in which a structure from the past, now designated an architectural landmark, can be reframed by contemporary artists. The essay concludes with a brief discussion of the author's collaboration with Mexican artist Mariana Castillo Deball, a playful conceptual project which also highlights the relationship between the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright and that of the ancient Maya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short video Ch’u Mayaa (Maya Blue, 2017) by artist Clarissa Tossin uses the Barnsdall (or Hollyhock) House, one of five Southern California textile block homes by Frank Lloyd Wright built in the early 1920s, as the setting for a dance performance by the choreographer Crystal Sepúlveda. Without dialogue or narration, the video raises complex issues about the use and appropriation of imagery and designs from the ancient Americas, and the ways in which a structure from the past, now designated an architectural landmark, can be reframed by contemporary artists. The essay concludes with a brief discussion of the author’s collaboration with Mexican artist Mariana Castillo Deball, a playful conceptual project which also highlights the relationship between the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright and that of the ancient Maya.

Our main goal with this article is to carry out a reflective exercise regarding the theoretical-methodological strategy known as Grounded Theory (GT), with no exhaustiveness or generalization intended. The writing is schematically divided in two sections. The first segment describes GT's characteristics as presented in social sciences' introductory books on qualitative research methodology. At the next fraction, we will be resuming Argentinian, Spaniard and Chilean texts where the specific uses and applications of this research strategy tools are disclosed. We firmly believe this reflexive-comparative exercise contributes to the GT's various returns, uses and appropriations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploration of bibliography on the U.S. foreign policy reveals a striking and inexplicable lack of scholarly attention to such an interesting phenomenon, as presidential foreign aid initiatives. Such initiatives are studied exclusively in the context of a given administration’ policy but not as an element of the U.S. national system of foreign aid management. This paper is meant to fill this gaping niche. The first section defines a place of such initiatives among the presidential tools to influence foreign aid policies and the reasons behind their proliferation. The second section compares a dozen of the most prominent presidential initiatives of the XXI century — with a special focus on the differences between the most recent Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal, launched by Joseph Biden at the Summit for Democracy, and the initiatives of his predecessors. The conclusion is drawn that presidential initiatives have gained in significance over the last two decades due to objective as well as subjective factors. On the one hand, U.S. presidents sought to expand the room for maneuver in foreign aid programming and budgeting, which had been very limited from the very beginning due to the legal constraints and which had contracted even further because of a quick proliferation of Congressional earmarks and directives. On the other hand, one should not underestimate the impact of an unprecedented activism of the George W. Bush that the last three U.S. presidents had to keep in mind in their own aid policies. However, the launch of each initiative was determined by a unique combination of factors operating at the individual, domestic and structural levels. This explains a great variety in circumstances surrounding their launch, documentary and institutional formalization, which did not preclude a number of key similarities: 1) determining the funding volume; 2) providing a long-term perspective; 3) supporting the initiative through authorization acts, presidential orders, memoranda/directives or strategic planning documents issued by the White House; 4) establishing new coordination units. The higher the status of these units and the clearer their mandates were, the more effectively the implementation process went. The launch of the Joseph Biden’s Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal — which combines diplomacy and development tools — at the end of his first year in office illustrates the role of the aforementioned factors. His intent to solidify his legacy predetermined the choice of a thematic profile for the first presidential initiative which would reflect his personal ideas and considerations about a pivotal confrontation of the epoch in the most explicit way. However, at least for the time being the Joseph Biden’s initiative stands out in all three main dimensions, which raises doubts about its potential to exert a systemic and long-term influence on the U.S. foreign assistance policies.

With the example of the diagnosis "borderline personality disorder", this article examines the conditions that make it possible to build up power over one's own social destiny through the appropriation of "psy" knowledge. After briefly describing the socially situated context of appropriation of this diagnosis, particularly in terms of gender, social class, age, and type of insertion into an institutional network, the article unfolds the different modes of appropriation of the diagnosis, based on 31 biographical interviews. The power founded by the appropriation of this diagnosis is based on its constitution as a triple resource: the power to report on the difficulties experienced (cognitive resource), to legitimise oneself (symbolic resource), and to access care deemed beneficial (material resource). It is particularly found in the first mode, characterised by a complete appropriation of the diagnosis and a commitment to the field of mental health. In complete appropriation, individuals struggle to have the legitimacy of the diagnosis recognised, to have psychiatric and psychotherapeutic interventions and representations associated with mental disorders changed. A second mode corresponds to a negative appropriation, marked by the rejection of the diagnosis and linked to a feminist and anti-psychiatric commitment. Between these two poles, a range of ambivalent appropriations unfolds, which does not allow for the constitution of a power, nor the articulation between appropriation and commitment. In conclusion, this article calls for a more in-depth analysis of the plurality of modes of appropriation of “psy” knowledge. It thus brings to light the variations in appropriation and the ambivalence of labelled individuals, faced with a psychological culture that is too often homogenised under the term “psychologisation”.

Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to present the ways in which the ethics of authority, including government, is collapsing in the contemporary world. The authors demonstrate what consequences numerous abuses and negligence can bring to education and the future. The article is based on reflections supported by actual research, which confirms the theses contained in it. Not only consequences are highlighted, but also ways in which they can be prevented. The most important aspect for the progress of science and the prevention of the depreciation of states is to stand firm against the abuses and appropriations committed by authority figures and to fight against "skimpiness" both in everyday life as well as in science. The current world picture does not promise a happy future. Humanity should strive for greater openness without allowing itself to be subjected to authorities whose actions contradict what they really are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Hercynia is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contrary to much of the recent literature on the trinitarian theology of John Owen, which often ascribes radical personal distinction to his account of triune relations and actions, this paper argues that Owen's account of distinct divine persons and trinitarian actions ought not to be contrasted with his theological forebears: Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Calvin. Instead, his account of trinitarian ontology and operation is thoroughly consistent with (and dependent upon) the Augustinian principles that these interpreters suspect Owen is rejecting. The argument unfolds by presenting four putative points of strong personal distinction in John Owen's trinitarian theology and then reinterpreting each of the themes and passages that these four points are supposedly rooted in, evidencing his Augustinian account of trinitarian unity and distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collectivus. Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Universidad del Atlantico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le contexte contemporain de diffusion des technologies numériques, soutenu par les diverses politiques publiques menées en France depuis 1967, permet d’interroger les usages effectifs et formes d’appropriation de ces outils techniques. Pour comprendre les mutations sociales en cours, cet article met à l’épreuve un modèle d’analyse processuel constitué par Serge Proulx (2001), en proposant de revenir sur la construction des rapports aux technologies numériques par : l’accessibilité de ces outils, les usages qui en sont faits et les appropriations opérées par les utilisateurs. Les analyses présentées, à partir d’études de cas empiriques, permettent finalement de porter un regard critique sur la réalité observée et sur les « effets » produits par les nouvelles technologies numériques, notamment par l’intermédiaire de dispositifs publics démocratiques insuffisants et des formes de médiation limitées.

The paper is built on the formulation by Vladimír Svatoň about the binary aesthetics of beauty and nobleness in modern literature from the 18th to the 20th century, and it outlines the historical line of the aesthetics of nobleness from the ancient times until the present. Subsequently, there arises a question of a possible transition from aesthetics to the poetics of shimmering as a part of a new poetics following the constituent rules, grammars and algorithms of the creation of literary texts and events. At the same time, existential poetics, a means of expression and a manifestation of the situation of human being, is reflected.

Contemporary urbanity is marked by the presence of abandonment, ruins, and voids. Over the last decades, the model of urban development in Portugal allowed a discontinuous city expansion that has left many plots and spaces empty. Due to interrupted urbanization processes, urban developments suspended in time and space have progressively degraded, constituting nowadays new forms of non-historical ruins and a significant part of the urban landscape. However, these semi constructed buildings, are not only structures made of brick and mortar, but commonly the object of several and distinct appropriations and social uses. In order to explore the socio-cultural meanings of these ruinous constructions, their social life and their material and symbolic transformation, this paper puts forward a methodology, based on systematic ethnographic observation and detailed field work. Furthermore, it applies this methodology to a case study—an unfinished project in the city of Vizela, Portugal, for which fieldwork was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The paper ends up highlighting a political challenge in planning the contemporary city, towards the need to overcome a conventional dichotomy between the usage rights of the public and private domain.

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The United States leads the world in public higher education, with a substantial amount of funding coming from state, rather than federal, government sources. Perhaps not surprisingly, the amount states contribute varies widely, leading researchers to explore the sources of such variation. While numerous factors have been shown to matter, the potential relevance of political representation remains unclear. To address this gap, the relationship between state legislators own educational backgrounds and state spending on higher education is tested. Utilizing a database of publicly available information on the educational backgrounds of 6,517 state senators and representatives, we find that states with a higher percentage of legislators who attended state colleges and/or universities invest more generously in public higher education than other state legislatures. Results support theories of representation, suggesting that legislators may be directly advocating for spending given their own educational profiles.

Drawing on feminist theory, this article offers a feminist reading of some Arab Hamlet appropriations to demonstrate whether or not such plays qualify as feminist Shakespeare re-visions. It shows how some female characters in these plays have been, unlike their Shakespearean counterparts, empowered to challenge the hegemonic patriarchal structures of their societies while others remain oppressed and submissive. The discussed Arab Shakespeare renditions constitute only illustrative samples of heroic and oppressed women in the Arab Shakespeare canon which has been known for producing political satires. The featured plays include Ahmad Shawqī's Masra' Kileopatrā (The Fall of Cleopatra), Egypt, 1946; Nabyl Lahlou's Ophelia Is Not Dead, Morocco, 1968; Mamdūh Al-ʻUdwān's Hamlet Wakes Up Late, Syria, 1976; Yūsuf Al-Sāyyegh's Desdemona, Iraq, 1989; Jawād Al-Assadī's Forget Hamlet, Iraq, 1994; and A Midsummer Night's Dream, Palestine, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shakespeare is an active literary force whose works have been revised over and over again during the twentieth century on stage and on film. The so called Bardbiz has proven to be profitable across the planet mainly due to the "universal" nature of his plays, i.e., the social and psychological issues that he raises and which resonate equally in anglophone and non-anglophone cultures. Yet, a distinction must be made between appropriations and adaptations. For the purpose of this paper, this distinction is based on the one that Julie Sanders proposes. This paper focuses on the potential problems that appropriations, which are loose reinterpretations of the original text, may bring. The paper shows scenes from films that have adapted Shakespeare's plays in one way or another. The aim of this comparison is to show how adaptations work with the text and bring it to life, while appropriations often distort the original and leave the viewer with a false representation of the original play. There is a genuine and valid concern that future generations will know of distorted versions of Shakespeare's plays and believe them to be the same as the text. The problem arises with loose appropriations, which have become popular in the movie industry worldwide. For people who have read Shakespeare's plays, it is not a problem to recognize the differences and changes in the original text. However, for younger generations, especially Millennials and those born after them, these appropriations can be misleading. Younger generations who consider themselves computer natives are bound to online sources and databases and would rather get a visual tutorial/representation then read a book. Hence, for them, film adaptations are always the preferred choice when it comes to understanding literature. This is particularly important since film versions are supported by elaborate marketing and appeal to younger generations with popular A-list actors and setting which is relatable to the contemporary audience. Unfortunately, loose appropriations of original texts give them a false sense of acquired knowledge. Loose appropriations tend to distort the original text by changing the characters (mostly adding new ones) and/or the text (the plot). Furthermore, this paper opens the discussion on textual fidelity, which needs to be brought back and re-examined after the film adaptation frenzy of Shakespeare's works that has happened especially in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. For example, Vishal Bhardwaj has made quite a few successful adaptations of Shakespeare's plays while incorporating social and political issues in India. Finally, the purpose of this paper is not to discourage adaptations; rather, it is to raise awareness of the dangers of appropriations and to preserve the original text for future generations to enjoy and adapt to some future times, which will be different than our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Institute of Croatian History / Radovi Zavoda za Hrvatsku Povijest is the property of Zavod za Hrvatsku Povijest, Filozofski Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the narratives guiding urban development in the historic centre of Naples, their historical construction and their impact on urban society. In Naples, the developers use the urban practices of the inhabitants from urban underclass as a symbol of decay, causing the “bad reputation” of the city. Through the study of the practices, the representations et the urban narrations of this category, locally referred to as “plebe”, and of two urban “situations” in the Quartieri Spagnoli, one can put into perspective the urban discourse of dominant groups with the urban production “from below”. This articulation allows me to question the “subaltern condition” experienced by poor urban dwellers in the historic centre. At a closer look, it is possible to overcome the stereotype of a monolithic subalternity in the inner city, revealing multiple constructions of situated identities and particular socio-spatial dynamics in a composite and fragmented historic centre.

Copyright of América Latina Hoy is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses changes to the Public Finance Act that have been proposed in the Public Finance (Wellbeing) Amendment Bill or are being considered for future legislative or administrative action. It discusses these changes in the context of the State Sector Act. The interrelationship between the two pieces of legislation is described, as are the implications of proposed changes to the Public Finance Act. These changes include requirements for the specification of objectives for wellbeing (outcomes) in the budget process and reporting of wellbeing by the Treasury at least every four years. Changes also include, potentially, greater flexibility in the nature of appropriations and the selection of the services that will be provided within an appropriation, as well as legislative support for the public service to operate in a more 'joined-up', innovative and collaborative way. The article identifies as a strength of the proposed changes to the Public Finance Act and the State Sector Act that they maintain consistency between the two acts, but also identifies the risk of replacing one one-size-fits-all system with a different one-size-fits-all system, and considers a 'two-track' public management system as an alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is built on the formulation by Vladimír Svatoň about the binary aesthetics of beauty and nobleness in modern literature from the 18th to the 20th century, and it outlines the historical line of the aesthetics of nobleness from the ancient times until the present. Subsequently, there arises a question of a possible transition from aesthetics to the poetics of shimmering as a part of a new poetics following the constituent rules, grammars and algorithms of the creation of literary texts and events. At the same time, existential poetics, a means of expression and a manifestation of the situation of human being, is reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the narratives guiding urban development in the historic centre of Naples, their historical construction and their impact on urban society . In Naples, the developers use the urban practices of the inhabitants from urban underclass as a symbol of decay , causing the "bad reputation" of the city . Through the study of the practices, the representations et the urban narrations of this category , locally referred to as "plebe", and of two urban "situations" in the Quartieri Spagnoli, one can put into perspective the urban discourse of dominant groups with the urban production "from below". This articulation allows me to question the "subaltern condition" experienced by poor urban dwellers in the historic centre. At a closer look, it is possible to overcome the stereotype of a monolithic subalternity in the inner city , revealing multiple constructions of situated identities and particular socio-spatial dynamics in a composite and fragmented historic centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this essay, I open a discussion on how the blending and combining of cultural elements are understood and engaged in our classrooms and research. Specifically, I do two things. First, I illustrate that combining and blending practices, while perhaps more visible in the contemporary period, are a constant in American religious history. Second, I provide a case study of Third Wave Spiritual Warfare that heeds the anthropologist Charles Stewart's suggestion that one useful way to approach syncretism (and its synonyms) is by examining the discourses and debates that individuals and groups have over what activities and ideas are viewed as such. Overall, I argue that we need to develop a method for both teaching and examining the appropriative bricolage that makes up religious practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text analyzes the appropriations Jovens Semeando Conhecimento program for young communicators, supported by the organization Centro Sabiá in Triunfo, in the sertão of Pernambuco. The goal is to understand how these young people use the radio in convergence with other media in the Riachos do Velho Chico project. The theoretical foundation is based on Cultural Studies, via Martin-Barbero (2008) and García Canclini (2005). The discussion on radio and media convergence is anchored in Bianco (2012) and Jenkins (2009). For the approach to rural youth, we used Castro (2008) and Abramo (1997). In the process of research, in addition to document analysis and content, two scripts semi-structured interviews were developed, aimed at young communicators and team organization. The research showed that, despite all the contingencies of the popular contexts of the sertão, young communicators from the radio appropriated in convergence situation articulating with other media supports for the production of journalistic work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]