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Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition featuring by gradual degradation of the cortical and hippocampal neurons, which results in impaired cognitive and memory functions. Objectives: To assess the effect of chronic moderate and high intensity pattern of exercise on brain functions regarding memory and implication changes of adiponectin (APN) and brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene expression. Subjects and methods: Sixty adult male albino rats were subdivided randomly into two main groups (n=30), control group and AD group. Each main group was suballocated into three subgroups (n=10) according to intensity of exercise. Finally we had 6 groups: Subgroup Ia: vehicle only. Subgroup Ib: vehicle + Moderate intensity exercise. Subgroup Ic: vehicle + High intensity exercise. Subgroup IIa: AlCl3. Subgroup IIb: AlCl3 + Moderate intensity exercise. Subgroup IIc:AlCl3+ High intensity exercise. APN and BDNF gene expression were assessed and histopathological examination of cerebral cortex and hippocampus was done. Evaluation of behavioral parameters was done using modified T-maze to evaluate short term and working memory. Results: Gene expressions of APN and BDNF were substantially decreased in the all AD subgroups compared to their corresponding control subgroups. However, they were remarkably elevated in moderately exercised subgroups compared to the sedentary subgroups. Moreover, in high intensity exercised subgroups, they were significantly higher than that of the sedentary and moderately exercised subgroups. Conclusion: APN & BDNF gene expression can be employed as a biomarker for early diagnosis of AD. Also regular exercise with increased intensity should be recommended for all patients with AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, is a serious threat to piglets and has zoonotic potential. Here, we aimed to further explore the role of aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for PDCoV and test the inhibitory effect of a chimeric APN protein strategy on PDCoV infection. PK-15 cells and LLC-PK1 cells expressing chimeric APN were selected and infected with PDCoV. Viral replication was significantly decreased in these chimeric APN cells compared with that in control group cells. To further characterize the effect of the chimeric APN strategy on PDCoV infection in vitro, primary intestinal epithelial cells isolated from chimeric APN pigs were inoculated with PDCoV. Viral challenge of these cells led to decreased PDCoV infection. More importantly, virally challenged chimeric APN neonatal piglets displayed reduced viral load, significantly fewer microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissue, and no diarrhea. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of the mechanism of PDCoV infection and provide a valuable model for the production of disease-resistant animals. IMPORTANCE Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes diarrhea in piglets and possesses the potential to infect humans. However, there are currently no effective measures for the prevention or control of PDCoV infection. Here, we have developed PK-15 cells, LLC-PK1 cells, and primary intestinal epithelial cells expressing chimeric APN, and viral challenge of these cells led to decreased PDCoV infection. Furthermore, virally challenged chimeric APN neonatal piglets displayed reduced viral load, significantly fewer microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissue, and no diarrhea. These data show that chimeric APN is a promising strategy to combat PDCoV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of the role deployment of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in French healthcare settings. Introduction: The introduction of APNs was formalised in France by the decrees issued on 18 July 2018, which described the areas, activities and training of APNs. Background: A qualitative study on the role implementation of APNs was conducted between July 2021 and May 2022 following a call for projects launched by the Île‐de‐France Regional Health Agency to evaluate the deployment of APNs in the area. Methods: Data were collected through field observations and semi‐structured interviews in order to explore both the APNs deployment processes in nine healthcare structures and the roles played by APN networks and associations with regard to the deployment of APN activities in their working environments. Results: The projects proved to be evolutionary, and their development was marked by various forms of APN isolation and multiple obstacles that were specific to their professional practice settings. Some APNs relied on a variety of forms of mutual assistance and advocacy deployed throughout APN networks and associations. Discussion: The deployment of APNs' role was impacted by diverse configurations of professional power relations and the nature of the obstacles that were structural for APNs in primary care. Their experience of isolation derived from the novelty of their role, the challenge they posed to the cohesion of the nursing profession and a lack of supportive policies for their deployment. Their participation in APN networks and associations enabled them to access advocacy and manage the uncertainties and unknowns related to the deployment of their activities. Conclusion: The results suggest that the formalisation of schemes for mutual assistance among APNs and advocacy should be integrated into the guidelines for the implementation of their role. Implications for nursing policy: APN policy should strengthen a bottom‐up approach, relying in particular on the development of different forms of collaboration and communication between APN networks and associations on the one hand and the public authorities on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The big APN problem is one of the most important challenges in the theory of Boolean functions, i.e. finding a new APN permutation in even dimension. Among this class of functions, those with the lowest possible degree are cubic. Yet, none has been found so far. In this paper, we introduce new parameters for Boolean functions and for vectorial Boolean functions, mostly derived from the behavior of their second-order derivatives. These parameters are invariant under extended affine equivalence, and they are particularly relevant for small-degree functions. They allow studying bent, semi-bent and APN functions of degrees two and three. In particular, they allow tackling the big APN problem for cubic permutations. Notably, we focus on the case of dimension 8, providing some computational results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have continuously posed a threat to human and animal health. However, existing antiviral drugs are still insufficient in overcoming the challenges caused by multiple strains of CoVs. And methods for developing multi‐target drugs are limited in terms of exploring drug targets with similar functions or structures. In this study, four rounds of structural design and modification on salinomycin were performed for novel antiviral compounds. It was based on the strategy of similar topological structure binding properties of protein targets (STSBPT), resulting in the high‐efficient synthesis of the optimal compound M1, which could bind to aminopeptidase N and 3C‐like protease from hosts and viruses, respectively, and exhibit a broad‐spectrum antiviral effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 pseudovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and mouse hepatitis virus. Furthermore, the drug‐binding domains of these proteins were found to be structurally similar based on the STSBPT strategy. The compounds screened and designed based on this region were expected to have broad‐spectrum and strong antiviral activities. The STSBPT strategy is expected to be a fundamental tool in accelerating the discovery of multiple targets with similar effects and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To report the results of a mapping exercise by the European Federation of Nurses on current advanced practice nursing frameworks and developments across Europe. Design: Online, cross‐sectional, questionnaire study. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed among 35 national nurses' associations across Europe in March 2021. The questionnaire solicited input on 60 items concerning key features of advanced practice nursing, intending to map existing developments and better understand the current state of advanced practice nursing in Europe. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, including counts and percentages, tabulation; open‐text responses were handled with thematic synthesis techniques. Results: The definition, sense‐making and operationalization of advanced practice nursing vary across Europe. Important variations were noted in the definition and requirements of advanced practice nursing, resulting in different views on the competencies and scope of practice associated with this role. Importantly, the level of education and training required to qualify and practice as an advanced practice nurse varies across European countries. Furthermore, only 11 countries reported the existence of a national legislation establishing minimum educational requirements. Conclusion: Significant variation exists in how countries define advanced practice nursing and how it is regulated at academic and practice levels. More research is needed to clarify whether this variation results from designing models of advanced practice nursing that work in different contexts; and what impact a standardized regulatory framework could have to grow the volume of advanced practice nurses across Europe. Impact: The current paper exposes the lack of clarity on the development and implementation of advanced practice nursing across Europe. We found significant variation in the definition, recognition, regulation and education of advanced practice nurses. Our data are essential to policymakers, professional associations and employers to ensure a coordinated and systematic effort in the consistency and ongoing development of advanced practice nurses across Europe. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution applied; the participants were national nurses' associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nővér is the property of Chamber of Hungarian Health Care Professionals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zishui Qinggan Yin combined with methylimidazole in the treatment of hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) and its impact on serum IGF-1 and APN levels. Methods: 80 hyperthyroidism patients admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to February 2023 were randomly divided into a matched group and an observation group, with 40 patients in each group. The matched group was treated with methimazole, while the observation group was treated with Zishui Qinggan Yin+methimazole. Evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy, serum IGF-1 and APN levels between the two groups. Results: Compared with Pretherapy, the main traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, heart rate, FT3 and FT4 of the two groups were reduced Post-treatment, and TSH was increased (P＜0.05), while the decrease/increase amplitude of the observation group was greater than that of the matched group (P＜0.05) . The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%, higher than the matched group’s 72.50% (P＜0.05) .The serum IGF-1 and APN levels decreased Post-treatment, and the observed group decreased more than the matched group (P＜0.05) .The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the matched group (5.00% vs 25.00%, P＜0.05) . Conclusion: The combination of Zishui Qinggan Yin and Methimazole has a definite therapeutic effect on hyperthyroidism, which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and thyroid function of patients, downregulate serum IGF-1 and APN levels, and reduce adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nővér is the property of Chamber of Hungarian Health Care Professionals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first commercial service of the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN), IOWN1.0, was launched in March 2023. This article introduces its accomplishments as well as the future that will be possible with its successors IOWN2.0, 3.0, and beyond. This article is based on the keynote speech given by Katsuhiko Kawazoe, NTT senior executive vice president, at Tsukuba Forum 2023, held on May 17 and 18, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NTT laboratories are engaged in the research and development of technologies to overcome increasing data volume, power consumption, and network delay. This article introduces the technologies that contribute to low latency and power saving of optical access networks being researched and developed by the Optical Access System Project at NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018) was recently isolated from a child with pneumonia. This novel human pathogen resulted from cross-species transmission of a canine coronavirus. It has been known that CCoV-HuPn-2018 uses aminopeptidase N (APN) from canines, felines, and porcines, but not humans, as functional receptors for cell entry. The molecular mechanism of cell entry in CCoV-HuPn-2018 remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that among the nine APN orthologs tested, the APN of the Mexican free-tailed bat could also efficiently support CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike (S) protein-mediated entry, raising the possibility that bats may also be an alternative host epidemiologically important for the transmission of this virus. The glycosylation at residue N747 of canine APN is critical for its receptor activity. The gain of glycosylation at the corresponding residues in human and rabbit APNs converted them to functional receptors for CCoV-HuPn-2018. Interestingly, the CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped virus infected multiple human cancer cell lines in a human APN-independent manner, whereas sialic acid appeared to facilitate the entry of the pseudotyped virus into human cancer cells. Moreover, while host cell surface proteases trypsin and TMPRSS2 did not promote the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018, endosomal proteases cathepsin L and B are required for the entry of CCoV-HuPn-2018 in a pH-dependent manner. IFITMs and LY6E are host restriction factors for the CCoV-HuPn-2018 entry. Our results thus suggest that CCoV-HuPn-2018 has not yet evolved to be an efficient human pathogen. Collectively, this study helps us understand the cell tropism, receptor usage, cross-species transmission, natural reservoir, and pathogenesis of this potential human coronavirus. IMPORTANCE: Viral entry is driven by the interaction between the viral spike protein and its specific cellular receptor, which determines cell tropism and host range and is the major constraint to interspecies transmission of coronaviruses. Aminopeptidase N (APN; also called CD13) is a cellular receptor for HCoV-229E, the newly discovered canine coronavirus-human pneumonia-2018 (CCoV-HuPn-2018), and many other animal alphacoronaviruses. We examined the receptor activity of nine APN orthologs and found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 utilizes APN from a broad range of animal species, including bats but not humans, to enter host cells. To our surprise, we found that CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike protein pseudotyped viral particles successfully infected multiple human hepatomaderived cell lines and a lung cancer cell line, which is independent of the expression of human APN. Our findings thus provide mechanistic insight into the natural hosts and interspecies transmission of CCoV-HuPn-2018-like coronaviruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TObjective: o investigate the relationship between gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin, adiponectin (APN), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and periodontal indexes and Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: From January 2021 to January 2022, 125 CP patients with T2DM were selected from the outpatient department of stomatology in our hospital.They were divided into mild group (42 cases), moderate group (53 cases) and severe group (30 cases) according to the severity of CP. The levels of gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin, APN, 25 (OH)D3, the percentage of peripheral blood Th17 cells and Treg cells, the Th17/Treg ratio was calculated, and the sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI), attachment loss (AL) and probing depth of periodontal pocket (PD) were evaluated. The correlation between gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin, APN, 25 (OH)D3 and periodontal indexes, peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio were analyzed. Results: The gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin level, peripheral blood Th17 cell proportion, Th17/Treg ratio, PLI, SBI, AL and PD in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and mild group (P＜0.05). The gingival crevicular fluid APN and 25(OH)D3 levels and the peripheral blood Treg cells proportion were lower than those in the moderate group and mild group (P＜0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin was positively correlated with PLI, SBI, AL, PD, peripheral blood Th17 cell proportion and Th17/Treg ratio (P＜0.05), and negatively correlated with Treg cell proportion (P＜0.05). The gingival crevicular fluid APN and 25 (OH)D3 were negatively correlated with PLI, SBI, AL, PD, peripheral blood Th17 cell proportion and Th17/Treg ratio (P＜0.05), and positively correlated with Treg cell proportion (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The gingival crevicular fluid Chemerin level is increased in CP patients with T2DM, and APN and 25 (OH)D3 levels are decreased, which are associated with periodontal indexes and Th17/Treg imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metamaterial absorbers have become a popular research direction due to their broad application prospects, such as in radar, infrared imaging, and solar cell fields. Usually, nanostructured metamaterials are associated with a large number of geometric parameters, and traditional simulation designs are time consuming. In this paper, we propose a framework for designing plasma metamaterial absorbers in both a forward prediction and inverse design composed of a primary prediction network (PPN) and an auxiliary prediction network (APN). The framework can build the relationship between the geometric parameters of metamaterials and their optical response (reflection spectra, absorption spectra) from a large number of training samples, thus solving the problem of time-consuming and case-by-case numerical simulations in traditional metamaterial design. This framework can not only improve forward prediction more accurately and efficiently but also inverse design metamaterial absorbers from a given required optical response. It was verified that it is also applicable to absorbers of different structures and materials. Our results show that it can be used in metamaterial absorbers, chiral metamaterials, metamaterial filters, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Common chronic infections induced low-grade inflammation has been correlated with atherosclerosis as supported by strong evidence. The balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory factors was exploited to elucidate the effects of chronic periodontitis on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Methods Study subjects encompassed 30 SPF male rats randomly divided into four groups: A group (NC), B group (T2DM), C group (CP), D group (DM + CP). After developing the model, blood samples were collected from the angular vein analyze serum APN, hs-CRP, and blood lipid. the carotid artery was isolated for HE staining. Result Compared with group A, the serum APN in group B, C and D decreased gradually with the progression of the disease. Serum hs-CRP in group B, C and D was significantly increased. At T3, T4 and T5 in group B, C and D, APN/hs-CRP significantly decreased. TC, LDL and TG significantly increased in group B, D; HDL significantly decreased in group C. Carotid artery HE staining showed: compared with group A, different degrees of endothelial defect, destruction of elastic fibers in the middle membrane, disorder of smooth muscle arrangement, and partial dissolution 、 fragmentation and Calcium salt deposition necrosis occurred in group B, C and D. Conclusion Enhanced systemic inflammation, decreased adiponectin level, and disorganized lipid metabolism with or without type 2 diabetes attributed to local inflammation of periodontitis can result in an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it’s more meaningful to predict the progression of DAA with anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory variation.

Adiponectin (APN) is an essential adipokine for a variety of reproductive processes. To investigate the role of APN in goat corpora lutea (CLs), CLs and sera from different luteal phases were collected for analysis. The results showed that the APN structure and content had no significant divergence in different luteal phases both in CLs and sera; however, high molecular weight APN was dominant in serum, while low molecular weight APN was more present in CLs. The luteal expression of both AdipoR1/2 and T-cadherin (T-Ca) increased on D11 and 17. APN and its receptors (AdipoR1/2 and T-Ca) were mainly expressed in goat luteal steroidogenic cells. The steroidogenesis and APN structure in pregnant CLs had a similar model as in the mid-cycle CLs. To further explore the effects and mechanisms of APN in CLs, steroidogenic cells from pregnant CLs were isolated to detect the AMPK-mediated pathway by the activation of APN (AdipoRon) and knockdown of APN receptors. The results revealed that P-AMPK in goat luteal cells increased after incubation with APN (1 μg/mL) or AdipoRon (25 μM) for 1 h, and progesterone (P4) and steroidogenic proteins levels (STAR/CYP11A1/HSD3B) decreased after 24 h. APN did not affect the steroidogenic protein expression when cells were pretreated with Compound C or SiAMPK. APN increased P-AMPK and reduced the CYP11A1 expression and P4 levels when cells were pretreated with SiAdipoR1 or SiT-Ca, while APN failed to affect P-AMPK, the CYP11A1 expression or the P4 levels when pretreated with SiAdipoR2. Therefore, the different structural forms of APN in CLs and sera may possess distinct functions; APN might regulate luteal steroidogenesis through AdipoR2 which is most likely dependent on AMPK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of serum CX3C chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1), adiponectin (APN), homocysteine (Hcy) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels on myocardial hypoperfusion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction, and to construct its predictive model. Methods: 106 patients with AMI who underwent PCI in our hospital from October 2020 to April 2022 were selected, and they were divided into normal perfusion group (n=82)and low perfusion group (n=24) according to the results of postoperative coronary blood flow classification. The clinical data, PCI treatment and serum CX3CL1, APN, Hcy and hs-CRP levels in the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI, and the prediction model of myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI in patients with AMI was constructed. The predictive value of the new model and each index for myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI in patients with AMI was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The age in the low perfusion group was significantly higher than that in the normal perfusion group, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly lower than that in the normal perfusion group (P＜0.05). The serum CX3CL1, Hcy and hs-CRP levels in the low perfusion group were significantly higher than those in the normal perfusion group, and the APN level was significantly lower than that in the normal perfusion group (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥62.62 years, LVEF≤59.05%, serum CX3CL1 ≥1954.37ng/mL, serum APN≤6.69 μg/L, serum Hcy≥11.86 μg/m L, serum hs-CRP≥5.18 mg/L were risk factor for myocardial hypoperfusion in patients with myocardial infarction after PCI (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the prediction model based on serum CX3CL1, APN, Hcy and hs-CRP had high sensitivity and specificity to myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI. Conclusion: The increase of serum CX3CL1, Hcy, hs-CRP levels and the decrease of APN level are the risk factors of myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI for myocardial infarction, the prediction model built based on the above indexes has certain value for the prediction of myocardial hypoperfusion after PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the effect of exenatide combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline on alcoholic fatty liver disease and their effect on serum high mobility group protein B1（HMGB1）and adiponectin （APN）levels. Methods A total of 108 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method, with 54 cases in each group. The control group was treated with polyene phosphatidyl choline, and the observation group was treated with exenatide on the basis of control group. The therapeutic effect and serum levels of HMGB1 and APN in 2 groups were observed and compared between the two groups. Results After 3 months of treatment, the clinical symptoms of both groups were significantly improved and the clinical symptoms disappeared faster. The total clinical effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group （96.30% vs. 83.33%, P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in the serum ALT, AST, TC, TG and TBil between the two groups before treatment（all P>0.05）. After treatment, the all indexes of the two groups were significantly decreased, and those of the observation group were lower than of the control group（P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in the serum HMGB1 and APN levels between the two groups before treatment. After treatment, the serum HMGB1 level in the two groups was significantly decreased（P<0.001）, and the serum HMGB1 level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment, the serum APN levels of both groups were significantly increased（P<0.001）, and the level of observation group was significantly higher than of the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the adverse reactions between the two groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion Exenatide combined with polyene phosphatidyl choline can improve the therapeutic effect of alcoholic fatty liver disease, reduce serum HMGB1 level and increase serum APN level safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the spike protein of human coronaviruses can bind to a secondary receptor, or coreceptor, to facilitate the virus entry. While HCoV-229E uses human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) as a receptor, HCoV-OC43 binds to 9-O-acetyl-sialic acid (9-O-Ac-Sia), which is linked in a terminal way to the oligosaccharides that decorate glycoproteins and gangliosides on the surface of the host cell. Thus, evaluating the possible inhibitory activity of heparan sulfate, a linear polysaccharide found in animal tissues, and enoxaparin sodium on these viral strains can be considered attractive. Therefore, our study also aims to evaluate these molecules' antiviral activity as possible adsorption inhibitors against non-SARS-CoV. Once the molecules' activity was verified in in vitro experiments, the binding was studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations confirming the interactions at the interface of the spike proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces research and development efforts and the latest results on the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN). It is based on the keynote speech given by Atsuko Oka, executive vice president, head of the Research and Development Planning Department of NTT Corporation, at the "NTT R&D Forum--Road to IOWN 2022" held from November 16th to 18th, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the Innovative Optical and Wireless Network (IOWN) service that is due to launch in March 2023. It is based on the keynote speech given by Akira Shimada, president and chief executive officer of NTT Corporation, at the "NTT R&D Forum--Road to IOWN 2022" held from November 16th to 18th, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Common chronic infections induced low-grade inflammation has been correlated with atherosclerosis as supported by strong evidence. The balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory factors was exploited to elucidate the effects of chronic periodontitis on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Methods: Study subjects encompassed 30 SPF male rats randomly divided into four groups: A group (NC), B group (T2DM), C group (CP), D group (DM + CP). After developing the model, blood samples were collected from the angular vein analyze serum APN, hs-CRP, and blood lipid. the carotid artery was isolated for HE staining. Result: Compared with group A, the serum APN in group B, C and D decreased gradually with the progression of the disease. Serum hs-CRP in group B, C and D was significantly increased. At T3, T4 and T5 in group B, C and D, APN/hs-CRP significantly decreased. TC, LDL and TG significantly increased in group B, D; HDL significantly decreased in group C. Carotid artery HE staining showed: compared with group A, different degrees of endothelial defect, destruction of elastic fibers in the middle membrane, disorder of smooth muscle arrangement, and partial dissolution 、 fragmentation and Calcium salt deposition necrosis occurred in group B, C and D. Conclusion: Enhanced systemic inflammation, decreased adiponectin level, and disorganized lipid metabolism with or without type 2 diabetes attributed to local inflammation of periodontitis can result in an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it's more meaningful to predict the progression of DAA with anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the independent works by Kalgin and Idrisova and by Beierle, Leander and Perrin, it was observed that the Gold APN functions over F 2 5 give rise to a quadratic APN function in dimension 6 having maximum possible linearity of 2 5 (that is, minimum possible nonlinearity 2 4 ). In this article, we show that the case of n ≤ 5 is quite special in the sense that Gold APN functions in dimension n > 5 cannot be extended to quadratic APN functions in dimension n + 1 having maximum possible linearity. In the second part of this work, we show that this is also the case for APN functions of the form x ↦ x 3 + μ (x) with μ being a quadratic Boolean function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If used as S-boxes, APN functions provide optimal resilience against differential attacks. However, the very existence of APN permutations operating on an even number n of bits (with n ≥ 8) has been an open problem for nearly 30 years. A possible method to solve this problem consists in generating APN functions, and then exploring the CCZ-equivalence classes of these functions looking for a permutation. Following this goal, we found 5412 new quadratic APN functions on F 2 8 using an approach based on so-called Quadratic APN Matrices (QAM). This brings the number of known CCZ-inequivalent APN functions on F 2 8 to 26525. Unfortunately, none of these new functions are CCZ-equivalent to permutations. A complete list (to the best of our knowledge) of known quadratic APN functions, including our new ones, has been added to sboxU for ease of study by others. In this paper, we recall how to construct new QAMs from a known one. Based on these results and on others on smaller fields, we make two conjectures: that the total number of CCZ-inequivalent quadratic APN functions on F 2 8 exceeds 50000, and that the full list of quadratic APN functions could be obtained by modifying only a small number of entries of the QAM, though such a search remains computationally infeasible at this stage. Finally, we propose a new model which can handle the last two columns together and avoid some redundant computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Overall, viral receptors are cell surface molecules that allow for virus binding and cell entry leading to productive infection. The presence and distribution of these receptors across tissues can determine susceptibility and the outcome of the infection. This study demonstrates the presence of the main protein receptors used by different coronaviruses in the respiratory and intestinal tract of pigs. The present study has important implications for the development of research models and for the assessment of the potential risk and introduction of coronaviruses into the swine population. Coronaviruses use a broad range of host receptors for binding and cell entry, essential steps in establishing viral infections. This pilot study evaluated the overall distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptors in the pig respiratory and intestinal tract. All the receptors evaluated in this study were expressed and differentially distributed through the respiratory and intestinal tract. The presence and expression levels of these receptors could determine susceptibility to coronavirus infections. This study may have important implications for the development of research models and the assessment of the potential risk and introduction of novel coronaviruses into the swine population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum ferritin (SF), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), adiponectin (APN) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with insulin resistance and pregnancy outcome in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) assisted conception in obese polycystic ovary syndrome infertility (PCOS) patients. Methods: 120 cases of PCOS infertility patients who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2019 to January 2021 were divided into obesity group (BMI ≥28 kg/m², 79 cases) and non obesity group (BMI < 28 kg/m², 41 cases) according to body mass index (BMI) . Patients in obesity group were divided into pregnancy failure group (47 cases) and pregnancy success group (32 cases) according to IVF-ET pregnancy outcome. The levels of serum AMH, APN, NF-κB and SF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostasis model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of serum AMH, APN, NF-κB, SF and HOMA-IR in obese PCOS infertility patients, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of IVF-ET assisted pregnancy outcome. Results: The levels of serum AMH, NF-κB, SF and HOMA-IR in obese group were higher than those in non obese group, while the level of APN was lower than that in non obese group (P<0.05) . Pearson correlation analysis showed that HOMA-IR was positively correlated with serum AMH, NF-κB and SF levels (r=0.663, 0.734, 0.687, all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with APN level (r=-0.683, P<0.05) . The levels of luteinizing hormone (LH),LH/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, HOMA-IR, SF, AMH and NF-κB in pregnancy failure group were higher than those in the successful pregnancy group, and the fertilization rate, excellent embryo rate, FSH and APN were lower than those in the successful pregnancy group (P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that LH, LH/FSH, HOMA-IR, SF, AMH, NF-κB levels increase of were the risk factor of IVF-ET pregnancy failure in obese PCOS infertility patients, and the increase of APN level was the protective factor of IVF-ET pregnancy failure (P<0.05) . Conclusions: Serum levels of AMH, NF-κB, SF are increased and APN is decreased in obese PCOS infertile patients, which are associated with IR and IVF-ET assisted pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, is a serious threat to piglets and has zoonotic potential. Here, we aimed to further explore the role of aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for PDCoV and test the inhibitory effect of a chimeric APN protein strategy on PDCoV infection. PK-15 cells and LLC-PK1 cells expressing chimeric APN were selected and infected with PDCoV. Viral replication was significantly decreased in these chimeric APN cells compared with that in control group cells. To further characterize the effect of the chimeric APN strategy on PDCoV infection in vitro , primary intestinal epithelial cells isolated from chimeric APN pigs were inoculated with PDCoV. Viral challenge of these cells led to decreased PDCoV infection. More importantly, virally challenged chimeric APN neonatal piglets displayed reduced viral load, significantly fewer microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissue, and no diarrhea. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of the mechanism of PDCoV infection and provide a valuable model for the production of disease-resistant animals., Importance: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes diarrhea in piglets and possesses the potential to infect humans. However, there are currently no effective measures for the prevention or control of PDCoV infection. Here, we have developed PK-15 cells, LLC-PK1 cells, and primary intestinal epithelial cells expressing chimeric APN, and viral challenge of these cells led to decreased PDCoV infection. Furthermore, virally challenged chimeric APN neonatal piglets displayed reduced viral load, significantly fewer microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissue, and no diarrhea. These data show that chimeric APN is a promising strategy to combat PDCoV infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury, which contribute to worsening of neurological deficits and poor clinical outcomes, are hallmarks of secondary brain injury after TBI. Adiponectin (APN), beyond its well-established regulatory effects on metabolism, is also essential for maintaining normal brain functions by binding APN receptors that are ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Currently, the significance of the APN/APN receptor (AdipoR) signaling pathway in secondary injury after TBI and the specific mechanisms have not been conclusively determined. In this study, we found that APN knockout aggravated brain functional deficits, increased brain edema and lesion volume, and exacerbated oxidative stress as well as apoptosis after TBI. These effects were significantly alleviated after APN receptor agonist (AdipoRon) treatment. Moreover, we found that AdipoR1, rather than AdipoR2, mediated the protective effects of APN/AdipoR signaling against oxidative stress and brain injury after TBI. In neuron-specific AdipoR1 knockout mice, mitochondrial damage was more severe after TBI, indicating a potential association between APN/AdipoR1 signaling inactivation and mitochondrial damage. Mechanistically, neuron-specific knockout of SIRT3, the most important deacetylase in the mitochondria, reversed the neuroprotective effects of AdipoRon after TBI. Then, PRDX3, a critical antioxidant enzyme in the mitochondria, was identified as a vital downstream target of the APN/SIRT3 axis to alleviate oxidative injury after TBI. Finally, we revealed that APN/AdipoR1 signaling promotes SIRT3 transcription by activating the AMPK-PGC pathway. In conclusion, APN/AdipoR1 signaling plays a protective role in post-TBI oxidative damage by restoring the SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis and antioxidant system.

Metamaterial absorbers have become a popular research direction due to their broad application prospects, such as in radar, infrared imaging, and solar cell fields. Usually, nanostructured metamaterials are associated with a large number of geometric parameters, and traditional simulation designs are time consuming. In this paper, we propose a framework for designing plasma metamaterial absorbers in both a forward prediction and inverse design composed of a primary prediction network (PPN) and an auxiliary prediction network (APN). The framework can build the relationship between the geometric parameters of metamaterials and their optical response (reflection spectra, absorption spectra) from a large number of training samples, thus solving the problem of time-consuming and case-by-case numerical simulations in traditional metamaterial design. This framework can not only improve forward prediction more accurately and efficiently but also inverse design metamaterial absorbers from a given required optical response. It was verified that it is also applicable to absorbers of different structures and materials. Our results show that it can be used in metamaterial absorbers, chiral metamaterials, metamaterial filters, and other fields.

Adiponectin (APN) is an essential adipokine for a variety of reproductive processes. To investigate the role of APN in goat corpora lutea (CLs), CLs and sera from different luteal phases were collected for analysis. The results showed that the APN structure and content had no significant divergence in different luteal phases both in CLs and sera; however, high molecular weight APN was dominant in serum, while low molecular weight APN was more present in CLs. The luteal expression of both AdipoR1/2 and T-cadherin (T-Ca) increased on D11 and 17. APN and its receptors (AdipoR1/2 and T-Ca) were mainly expressed in goat luteal steroidogenic cells. The steroidogenesis and APN structure in pregnant CLs had a similar model as in the mid-cycle CLs. To further explore the effects and mechanisms of APN in CLs, steroidogenic cells from pregnant CLs were isolated to detect the AMPK-mediated pathway by the activation of APN (AdipoRon) and knockdown of APN receptors. The results revealed that P-AMPK in goat luteal cells increased after incubation with APN (1 μg/mL) or AdipoRon (25 μM) for 1 h, and progesterone (P4) and steroidogenic proteins levels (STAR/CYP11A1/HSD3B) decreased after 24 h. APN did not affect the steroidogenic protein expression when cells were pretreated with Compound C or SiAMPK. APN increased P-AMPK and reduced the CYP11A1 expression and P4 levels when cells were pretreated with SiAdipoR1 or SiT-Ca, while APN failed to affect P-AMPK, the CYP11A1 expression or the P4 levels when pretreated with SiAdipoR2. Therefore, the different structural forms of APN in CLs and sera may possess distinct functions; APN might regulate luteal steroidogenesis through AdipoR2 which is most likely dependent on AMPK.

It is known that the spike protein of human coronaviruses can bind to a secondary receptor, or coreceptor, to facilitate the virus entry. While HCoV-229E uses human aminopeptidase N (hAPN) as a receptor, HCoV-OC43 binds to 9-O-acetyl-sialic acid (9-O-Ac-Sia), which is linked in a terminal way to the oligosaccharides that decorate glycoproteins and gangliosides on the surface of the host cell. Thus, evaluating the possible inhibitory activity of heparan sulfate, a linear polysaccharide found in animal tissues, and enoxaparin sodium on these viral strains can be considered attractive. Therefore, our study also aims to evaluate these molecules’ antiviral activity as possible adsorption inhibitors against non-SARS-CoV. Once the molecules’ activity was verified in in vitro experiments, the binding was studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations confirming the interactions at the interface of the spike proteins.

The Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) has existed in France since 2018. Four specialties are currently implemented with common aspects and specificities. The APN can renew and adapt support treatments, including analgesics. Two examples of profiles in oncology are presented in this article, along with clinical cases. Pain is common in oncological diseases and can be one of the sequelae of the various treatments. This symptom has a huge impact on the patient's experience and quality of life from the time of the announcement of the disease, after remission, and even until the end of life. The APN is integrated into the patient's care pathway and is confronted with pain and analgesic treatments in its daily practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Women with vulvar neoplasia often complain about physical and psychological distress after surgical treatment. Lack of information and support can influence resilience. Whether an information-related intervention through an advanced practice nurse supports resilience and which other factors affect resilience in women with vulvar neoplasia has never been investigated. Methods The aims of this study were (a) to analyse whether counselling based on the WOMAN-PRO II program causes a significant improvement in the resilience scores of women with vulvar neoplasia compared to written information and (b) to identify the potential predictors of resilience. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in women with vulvar neoplasia (n = 49) 6 months after surgical treatment in four Swiss hospitals and one Austrian hospital. Analyses of resilience and its predictors were performed using a linear mixed model. Results Thirty-six women (intervention I, n = 8; intervention II, n = 28) completed the randomized controlled trial. In total, 13 women (26.5%) dropped out of the trial. The resilience score did not differ significantly between the two interventions three and six months after randomisation (p = 0.759). Age (b = .04, p = 0.001), social support (b = .28, p = 0.009), counselling time (b = .03, p = 0.018) and local recurrence (b = −.56, p = 0.009) were identified as significant predictors of resilience in the linear mixed model analyses. Conclusion The results indicate that the WOMAN-PRO II program as single intervention does not cause a significant change in the resilience scores of women with vulvar neoplasia 6 months after surgery. Predictors that promote or minimise resilience have been identified and should be considered when developing resilience programs for women with vulvar neoplasia. A repetition of the study with a larger sample size is recommended. Trial registration The WOMAN-PRO II program was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986725 on 18 November 2013.

Background: Older and very old persons have an increased risk of traumatic injuries as well as comorbidities and multimorbidities. The standardized workflow in hospitals can increase the occurrence of typical geriatric complications, such as challenging behavior and delirium, which can result in highly complex care situations. The application of advanced practice nurses (APN) is an international response to such challenges. In Germany, the scientifically based development of APN has so far lagged behind the international standard., Method: For this scoping review, a systematic search in the databases PubMed and CINAHL and a supplementary hand search was conducted for the period 2010-2022., Results: Tasks and role profiles for the scope of practice of APN in geriatrics and traumatology already exist in the literature. There is a lack of scientifically proven tasks and role profiles for APN in geriatric traumatology in the literature., Discussion: Based on the current state of research it is not yet possible to derive specific tasks and role profiles for APN in geriatric traumatology. The transferability of tasks and profiles from geriatrics and traumatology seem to be possible. The development of tasks and role profiles for geriatric traumatology APN requires further research, especially to identify the specific needs of geriatric traumatology patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Over the past half-century, the nursing profession has made great strides in terms of professionalization, status, and compensation. The pervasive focus on coordination and quality of health care in recent health care reform continues to stress effective partnerships between nurses and physicians. However, implicit and often gendered notions of professional authority continue to create barriers to effective communication between nurses and physicians. Relying on interviews and extended observations, this brief reports findings of an in-depth study of nurse-physician interactions in a California hospital. The research has direct implications for the job satisfaction and retention of nurses. The findings also highlight how subtle power dynamics limit the potential of promising organizational change initiatives in the wake of healthcare reform.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) is widely used for the biological control of mosquito populations. However, the mechanism of Bti toxins is still not fully understood. To further elucidate the mechanism of Bti toxins, we developed an Aedes aegypti resistant strain that shows high-level resistance to Cry11Aa toxin. After 27 selections with Cry11Aa toxin, the larvae showed a 124-fold resistance ratio for Cry11Aa (strain G30). G30 larvae showed cross-resistance to Cry4Aa (66-fold resistance), less to Cry4Ba (13-fold), but not to Cry11Ba (2-fold). Midguts from these resistant larvae did not show detectable difference in the processing of the Cry11Aa toxin compared to that in susceptible larvae (WT). Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from resistant larvae bound slightly less Cry11Aa compared to WT BBMV. To identify potential proteins associated with Cry11A resistance, not only transcript changes in the larval midgut were analyzed using Illumina sequencing and qPCR, but alterations of previously identified receptor proteins were investigated using immunoblots. The transcripts of 375 genes were significantly increased and those of 208 genes were down regulated in the resistant larvae midgut compared to the WT. None of the transcripts for previously identified receptors of Cry11Aa (Aedes cadherin, ALP1, APN1, and APN2) were altered in these analyses. The genes for the identified functional receptors in resistant larvae midgut did not contain any mutation in their sequences nor was there any change in their transcript expression levels compared to WT. However, ALP proteins were expressed at reduced levels (∼ 40%) in the resistant strain BBMV. APN proteins and their activity were also slightly reduced in resistance strain. The transcript levels of ALPs (AAEL013330 and AAEL015070) and APNs (AAEL008158, AAEL008162) were significantly reduced. These results strongly suggest that ALPs and APNs could be associated with Cry11Aa resistance in Ae. aegypti.

Coronaviruses use a broad range of host receptors for binding and cell entry, essential steps in establishing viral infections. This pilot study evaluated the overall distribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), aminopeptidase N (APN), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptors in the pig respiratory and intestinal tract. All the receptors evaluated in this study were expressed and differentially distributed through the respiratory and intestinal tract. The presence and expression levels of these receptors could determine susceptibility to coronavirus infections. This study may have important implications for the development of research models and the assessment of the potential risk and introduction of novel coronaviruses into the swine population.

Background: It is now commonplace for acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) to work in positions that include an on-call component or management of emergent concerns through telephone. There are no published reports on the inclusion of an on-call component in ACNP clinical preparation of students; novice ACNPs feel unprepared to competently and confidently manage emergent patient situations and on-call responsibilities. Purpose: To examine ACNP student perception of stress, necessary skills, confidence, and benefit of participating in a simulated on-call experience. Methods: Using simulated faculty callers as nurses, ACNP students participated in a simulated on-call experience that included receiving two calls, eliciting key information from the nurse, diagnosing and managing the patient, and submitting documentation of the encounter. Students completed preparticipation and postparticipation perception surveys, and they were evaluated by the simulated nurse (faculty) using standardized evaluation tools. Results: Acute care nurse practitioner students rated the simulated on-call experience as educationally valuable. High levels of anxiety before participation were notably improved after participation. Students identified critical thinking, clear communication, and knowledge with the specific disease as the most important skills needed to manage nurse calls successfully. Students reported marked improvement in their confidence and were receptive to accepting an nurse practitioner position with call/triage responsibilities after their on-call experience. Implications for practice: Inclusion of a simulated on-call experience in the final semester of an ACNP program is both feasible and relevant to ACNP student development. On-call exposure within the clinical practicum is inconsistent and, therefore, should be added through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of drug carrier design, lysosome degradation in cells is often neglected, which makes a considerable number of drugs not play a role. Here, we have constructed a tumor treatment platform (Apn/siRNA/NLS/HA/Apt) with unique lysosomal escape function and excellent cancer treatment effect. Apoferritin (Apn) has attracted more and more attention because of its high uniformity, modifiability, and controllability. Meanwhile, its endogenous nature can avoid the risk of immune response being eliminated. We used aptamer modified iron deficient protein nanocages (Apn) to tightly encapsulate the combination of siRNA and NLS (siRNA/NLS) with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA peptide). After Apn/siRNA/NLS/HA/Apt was targeted into cells, the acidic environment of lysosome led to the cleavage of Apn nanocages, and the release of siRNA/NLS and HA peptide. HA peptide can destroy lysosome membrane, make siRNA/NLS escape lysosome, and enter the nucleus under the action of NLS, resulting in efficient gene silencing effect. This kind of cancer treatment strategy based on Apn nanocage shows high biocompatibility and unique lysosome escape property, which significantly improves the drug delivery and treatment efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Autonomy in practice is an important attribute of all professions and a cornerstone of advanced nursing practice. The Dempster Practice Behavior Scale was conceptualized, constructed, and psychometrically tested to make available a generalizable, empirically sound, and useful tool capable of measuring previously unrecognized dimensions of autonomy in practice. Nurse practitioner (NP) practice continues to evolve as new models of care emerge, requiring more autonomy in the NP role. Purpose: The purpose was to describe the development and psychometric testing of the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale (DPBS), review the extant research on its use in research on nursing and other professions, and determine where future research is needed on the concept of autonomy in professional practice with a focus on advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Methods: Research articles, theses, dissertations using the DPBS as an instrument to measure practice autonomy were reviewed. Results: Twenty-one unique publications were examined for reports of psychometric properties in various populations. For the APRN population (total N = 1,669 in 10 studies), psychometrics for the DPBS support the reliability of the instrument for research. The remaining 11 studies included 2,285 participants who were not APRNs. Implications for practice: Questions remain about the relationships between autonomy and external factors such as regulatory environment, practice setting, models of care, years of experience, and practice mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently Budaghyan et al. (Cryptogr. Commun. 12, 85–100, 2020) introduced a procedure for investigating if CCZ-equivalence can be more general than EA-equivalence together with inverse transformation (when applicable). In this paper, we show that it is possible to use this procedure for classifying, up to EA-equivalence, all known APN functions in dimension 6. We also give some discussion for dimension 7, 8 and 9. In particular, in these cases it is possible to give an upper bound on the EA-classes contained in the CCZ-classes of the known APN functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an economically important enteropathogen of swine with worldwide distribution. PDCoV primarily infects the small intestine instead of the large intestine in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism of PDCoV tropism to different intestinal segments remains poorly understood as a result of the lack of a suitable in vitro intestinal model that recapitulates the cellular diversity and complex functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we established the PDCoV infection model of crypt-derived enteroids from different intestinal segments. Enteroids were susceptible to PDCoV and multiple types of different functional intestinal epithelia were infected by PDCoV in vitro and in vivo. We further found that PDCoV favorably infected the jejunum and ileum, and restrictedly replicated in the duodenum and colon. Mechanistically, enteroids from different intestinal regions displayed a distinct gene expression profile, and the differential expression of primary viral receptor host aminopeptidase N (APN) instead of the IFN responses determined the susceptibility of different intestinal segments to PDCoV although PDCoV substantially elicited antiviral genes production in enteroids after infection. Additional studies showed that PDCoV infection significantly induced the expression of type I and γ IFNs at the late stage of infection, and exogenous IFN inhibited PDCoV replication in enteroids. Hence, our results provide critical inputs to further dissect the molecular mechanisms of PDCoV-host interactions and pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]