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Ova zbirka primera pisana je sa ciljem da posluži kao praktičan priručnik za razvijanje i nadgradnju sposobnosti rada u programima MS Excel i Visual Basic for Applications. Namenjena je svim korisnicima koji se svakodnevno susreću sa potrebama za prikupljanjem, formatiranjem i analiziranjem podataka u spredšit okruženju, radi donošenja poslovnih odluka. Zbirka obuhvata različite aspekte poslovanja, čime se ukazuje na potrebnu strukturu računarskog programa za upravljanje preduzećem. Polazi se od osnovnih pojmova dvojnog knjigovodstva, zatim se zalazi u oblast praćenja osnovnih sredstava, materijala i inventara, nedovršene proizvodnje, gotovih proizvoda, robe, kalkulacija prodajne i nabavne cene proizvoda, praćenje kupaca i dobavljača, obračun zarada, doprinosa i poreza na zarade, kadrovske evidencije i poslovnih rezultata. Vođenjem čitaoca kroz zbirku primera uređenu ovim redosledom, izgrađuje se informacioni sistem preduzeća u Excel-u, dok mu se istovremeno, postepeno otkrivaju različita praktična rešenja za korišćenje programa Visual Basic for Applications. Zbirka kroz navedene primere prati materiju obrađenu u knjizi „Informacioni sistemi preduzeća u EXCEL-u (baze podataka, makroi, aplikacije)“

U radu se razmatra fenomen Shadow IT kao izvor inovacija u preduzećima. Shadow IT se odnosi na upotrebu hardvera, softvera, rešenja i usluga iz oblasti informacionih tehnologija (IT) unutar organizacije bez znanja ili odobrenja IT odeljenja. Cilj istraživanja je identifikovanje i klasifikacija prednosti i izazova fenomena Shadow IT, i definisanje smernica koje je neophodno uzeti u razmatranje prilikom kreiranja strategije za upravljanje inovacijama koje proizlaze iz takve prakse. U skladu sa definisanim ciljem, sproveden je sistematski pregled literature. Na osnovu pregleda literature, analizirani su pozitivni i negativni efekti ovog fenomena u kontekstu inovacija. Rezultati rada predstavljaju polaznu osnovu za dalja istraživanja u ovoj oblasti, kao i smernice kompanijama i zaposlenima zaduženim za inovacije.

This paper presents an inventory control problem in a private pharmaceutical distribution company from the Republic of Serbia. The company realizes that distribution within nine neighbouring countries and inventory control in the pharmaceutical supply chain is centralized. In order to constitute a conceptual model of the problem, we propose the modern control theory concept. The conceptual model is based on the specific practical assumptions and constraints of the supply chain. Thereafter, a dynamic discrete mathematical model of inventory control is formulated to reflect elements of the system and their relations. The model considers multiple pharmaceutical products, variable lead time, realized stochastics and deterministic demand, and different ordering policies (Lot for Lot and Fixed Order Quantity). Deterministic demand is represented as a sales forecast for each product per month, while stochastic demand is generated as a random variation of sales forecast in a range of +/- 20%. Two objective functions are defined as the maximization of the difference between planned average inventory level and realized average inventory level, and the minimization of stock-out situations. We develop a procedure for the determination of reorder points and the number of deliveries to achieve proposed objective functions. The model overcomes shortages of theoretically-based distribution requirements planning models and offers solutions to the limitations in inventory control practice. Real-life data, collected over two years, are used for the validation of the proposed model and the solution procedure. Numerical examples illustrate the model application and behaviour.

Digital transformation is becoming more ingrained into everyday life and is a talking point among researchers today. It has been evident from the growing number of publications that have focused on various aspects of digital transformation in the last few years. Based on the number of papers published, one of them is of much less interest to researchers: the managerial role of Chief Digital Officer (CDO) inherent in digital transformation. Having this in mind, a systematic literature review was conducted to elucidate the CDO's role, duties, and required competencies. In this paper, the results and conclusions of 22 papers are presented based on the search criteria outlined by the Web of Science and Scopus index databases. It is obvious that managing digital transformation is becoming more important as digital transformation affects almost every sector of business. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of Chief Digital Officer in terms of its position, role, and responsibilities as well as its necessary competencies. The results of this study could serve as the basis for future research in this area, which judging by the relevance of the topic, will certainly be more intensive.

Present-day airline industry is quite a competitive field and crew scheduling represents one of the crucial problems due to significant impact on the airline's cost. The crew scheduling problem is based on the assignment of crew members to operate different tasks of route. The main goal of this paper is to provide an analysis and a solution to one of the biggest problems detected on a small airport in the Serbia - the problem of ground crew scheduling. The paper presents the main characteristics, goals and limitations of a real-life problem identified at this small airport. In order to solve the problem, we developed a dynamic discrete simulation model. The model is developed in a spreadsheet environment of Microsoft Excel. Some of the main limitations found in the development of the model are strong constraints and multiple goals. The model presented in the paper is designed as a useful management tool for smaller airports and is aimed at the improvement of operative processes.

In addition to the previously recognized role in bone metabolism, the scientific community is paying increasing attention to the non-skeletal effects of vitamin D. Research has shown that vitamin D deficiency can play an important role in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because it affects adequate insulin secretion, the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) and systemic inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D may protect cells from oxidative damage, thereby exhibiting an antioxidant effect. However, despite high expectations, intervention studies have failed to discover the exact place and role of vitamin D in the control of this chronic disease. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of six-month vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular risk parameters in T2DM patients on metformin therapy. This 6-month follow-up study was carried out as a randomized, controlled trial of 130 patients with DMT2 recruited from Primary Health Care Center Podgorica (June-December 2018). All patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups (ratio 1: 1) where the first group received vitamin D and metformin, while the second group continued to take only metformin. Dosing was performed according to the Endocrine Society guidelines based on the participant’s initial levels of vitamin D. All subjects underwent clinical examination and detailed laboratory analyzes at 3rd and 6th month of the follow-up period. The potential benefit on glycemic control was monitored through determining the values of fasting glycaemia, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin level as well as through determining surrogate markers of IR (HOMA-IR and TYG index). The effect on oxidative stress parameters was monitored by determining activities of enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO) and catalase, followed by determination of the nitrate and nitrite levels (NOx), total oxidative (TOC) and total

Lean &Kaizen concepts are realized in order to solve problems in the operations of storage processes. Company is a leader in wholesale and retail of raw materials (panel material and plywood) for furniture manufacturing. This company has over 5000 different articles in the sales program. The paper describes state of warehouse operations in the company before and after Lean & Kaizen implementation in the main logistics and distribution centre. Key performance indicator named as Time-To-Customer in distribution is reduced from 48 hours to 24 hours.

INTRODUCTION: inflammation is associated with acute myocardial infarction and plays a key role in wound healing and scar formation. C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (CRP), acute phase inflammation phases are an accessible marker and are used in everyday clinical practice. The role of these biomarkers as prognostic factors for devel-oping heart failure and mortality on the acute myocardial infarction has already been investigated. Diabetes has long been known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is also associated with in-flammation. Patients experiencing myocardial infarction with eleva-tion of the ST segment (STEMI) undergo percutaneous coronary in-tervention (PKI), which itself is associated with an increased inflam-matory response. However, the difference in the inflammatory re-sponse between patients with and without diabetes who undergoes primary PKI is still not completely clear. METHODOLOGY: A total of 475 consecutive patients with the first myocardial infarction, with and without diabetes, were subjected to primary PKI. C-reactive protein and fibrinogen sui from the patient's blood determined in the first 48 h and the maximum value was taken. A comparative analysis of coronary angiograms of both groups of pa-tients was performed and CRP and fibrinogen were examined as a prognostic factor for the primary and secondary study objectives. The primary goals are: hospital death, hospital coronary death, hospital reinfarction and mortality for all reasons for six months. Secondary goals are: composite outcome (coronary death, periprocedural cere-brovascular event, reinfark and repeated revascularization), systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction discharge. The analysis of variance examined the importance of CRP and fibrinogen as a marker for future adverse events. RESULTS: Of the 475 patients with the first STEMI, 127 (26.7%) were diabetic patients and 348 (73.3%) were without diabetes. Pa-tients with diabetes have a significantly higher v

Deriving from insights gained in a concrete empirical quantitative modelling research, the aim of the paper is to present the methodology and results of a Packaging Waste (PW) logistics exploratory study that was conducted in cooperation with a leading southeastern European retail chain company. PW Reverse Logistics (RL) is specific, but an integral part of retail operations and can also represent significant logistics and transportation costs concerns. In our research, we have, with a simulation model, been able to reduce the number of tonne-kilometres for 55% which represents significant cost reduction. The study scope focuses on the RL of industrial PW as the handling object of interest in retail, decoupled from the possible returns flow of non-food items and waste generated on premise by shoppers and employees, classified as non-industrial. It introduces an analytical framework, which has been tested and applied to a real case problem.

U radu je prikazana aplikacija namenjena zaposlenima u hostelu, koja omogućava unošenje i čuvanje rezervacija, dok njen centralni deo predstavlja upravljački model pomoću kojeg rukovodioci mogu analizirati poslovanje. Aplikacija je razvijena u MS Excel okruženju, a procedure su kreirane u VBA (engl. Visual Basic for Application) programskom jeziku. Osnovni cilj rada je analiza i automatizacija poslovnih procesa u hostelu "SAN Art" i kreiranje modela pomoću kojeg će se unaprediti upravljanje sistemom i ostvariti bolji poslovni rezultat. Neki od problema, uočeni analizom postojećeg stanja, ukazuju da menadžment hostela ne poseduje bazu za evidentiranje prodatih usluga i da se svi finansijski proračuni obavljaju "na olovku" ili digitronom. U cilju unapređenja poslovanja identifikovani su ključni indikatori performansi (KPI), koji se u modelu prate na kvartalnom nivou. Sposobnost praćenja ovih indikatora treba da omogući rukovodiocima uvid u nedostatke u poslovanju i poslovne procese koje je moguće poboljšati., The paper presents an application which is developed for employees of hostel and enables importing and storing information about room bookings. Central part of the application is control model for business performance analysis. The application is developed in MS Excel, while the procedures are created in VBA (Visual Basic for Application) programming language. The main goal of the paper is analysis and automation of business process in SAN Art Hostel and creation of the model that will improve system control and consequently improve business results. Main problems, detected by current state analysis, were lack of database for service tracking and fact that all financial calculations are conducted with calculator or with pen and paper. In order to improve business performances we identified the Key Performance Indicators (KPI), which will be observed quarterly. KPI monitoring should enable managers to distinguish imperfections of their business and to realize which business processes can be improved.

This paper shows how to develop a dynamic discrete spreadsheet model of an inventory control in the case of the fixed order quantity, for the finite time horizon, with or without allowed shortages. There is a clear distinction between a discrete controlled object (the law of behavior and control domain), a performance criterion and the method used to find an optimal solution. Further, it shows how to derive a performance criterion, including all costs that are considered to be significant by the user. Several respectful papers pertaining inventory control with and without shortages are used to compare and prove accuracy, simplicity and practicality of our approach.

This paper explores the differences in the quality perception of coffee among different participants in the supply chain management of coffee production. Rather, the aim of this paper was to answer the question of whether a particular level of coffee quality is the same for all participants in the supply chain. Also, we wanted to respond to the issue of whether all participants in the supply chain equally valued its characteristic. As a possible remedy to the problem, two-stage PCA-I-distance approach has been performed. The results have shown that there are indeed differences in the quality perception of coffee among different participants in the supply chain. Also, we proposed framework for emphasizing significant components for respective participant, and within crucial quality characteristics. Therein, we determined the most significant component which encompasses following set of characteristics of the coffee supply chain for distributor: the coffee inventory turnover ratio, producer satisfaction with distributor services, customer satisfaction (retail) with distributor services. Likewise, same procedure was done for producer and analysis pointed out following quality characteristics: the coffee's country of origin, the manufacture date, the expiry date, storage cost of the final product, customs procedures, delays in procurement, and the temperature of at which the coffee is roasted.

Spredšitovi predstavljaju osnovni analitički alat u poslovanju proteklih 25 godina. U radu je opisan pristup upotrebe spredšitova za definiciju heurističkih i metaheurističkih algoritama, koji mogu unaprediti funkciju troškova i vremena u cilju pronalaska vrednosti upravljačkih promenljivih, koje daju bolje diskretne procese. U radu se predstavlja statički, vremenski kontinualni problem ekonomične količine naručivanja (EOQ) zaliha za više proizvoda sa ograničenjem skladišnog prostora, modeliran u spredšitu kao problem kombinatorne optimizacije za odgovarajući dinamički, vremenski diskretni proces upravljanja zalihama (DPUZ). Opisani problem upravljanja zalihama predstavlja široko primenljiv i poznat problem u praksi.U cilju rešavanja problema razvijena je specijalna heuristika, zasnovana na tehnici lokalnog pretraživanja i metaheuristička metoda bazirana na principu promenljivih okolina (MPO). Specijalna heuristika se koristi za određivanje broja narudžbina, a metoda bazirana na principu promenljivih okolina je primenjena za poređenje rezultata dobijenih specijalnom heuristikom. Efikasnost razvijenih metoda je preliminarno ispitana i upoređena kroz nekoliko numeričkih ekseperimenata za 21 i 102 artikla., Spreadsheets have been an essential analytical tool in business for over 25 years. This paper presents the approach of using spreadsheets for the definition of heuristics and metaheuristics algorithms, which can improve time and cost functions, in order to find control variables values, which give better discrete processes.The objective of this paper is to model a static time-continuous multiproduct economic order quantity (EOQ) based inventory management problem with storage space constraints, as a combinatorial optimization problem in the corresponding dynamic discrete time system control process. The described inventory management problem represents a widely applicable and popular problem in practice. To solve this model we have developed a special heuristics based on the local search technique and a metaheuristic technique based on the variable neighborhood search principle, and we have preliminary examined their efficiency and compared them in several numerical experiments. The special heuristics was developed in order to determine number of orders and the metaheuristic technique based on the variable neighborhood search was developed in order to compare its results with the results of the special heuristics.

Na osnovu rezultata ovog eksperimenta, može se zaključiti da je genska ekspresija prolaktinskih receptora, u ciljnim organima homeostaze kalcijuma, značajno različita u fiziološkoj i medikamentnoj hiperprolaktinemiji. U fiziološkoj hiperprolaktinemiji potvrđena je signifikantno viša ekspresija PRLR u duodenumu, što je u saglasnosti sa rezultatima dosadašnjih istraživanja. Istovremeno je, po prvi put, u uslovima fiziološke hiperprolaktinemije, verifikovana signifikantno niža ekspresija PRLR u bubregu i pršljenovima. U medikamentnoj hiperprolaktinemiji, istraživanja u domenu genske ekspresije PRLR do sada nisu sprovedena. Rezultati ovog eksperimenta, po prvi put, otkrivaju značajno sniženu ekspresiju PRLR u duodenumu, a povišenu u bubregu i pršljenovima. Ovako različita genska ekspresija PRLR, u target organima metabolizma kalcijuma, u uslovima fiziološke i medikamentne hiperprolaktinemije, objašnjava rezličite mehanizme homeostaze kalcijuma. U stanju fiziološke hiperprolaktinemije, viša ekspresija PRLR u duodenumu dovodi do povećane intestinalne apsorpcije kalcijuma, a snižena ekspresija PRLR u pršljenovima sprečava resorpciju kalcijuma iz skeletnog sistema. U medikamentnoj hiperprolaktinemiji, niska ekspresija PRLR u duodenumu praćena je smanjenom apsorpcijom kalcijuma, povišena ekspresija PRLR u bubregu rezultuje povišenom kalcijumurezom, a viša ekspresija PRLR u pršljenovima dovešće do povećane koštane resorpcije kalcijuma. Kao posledica različite homeostaze kalcijuma, promene koje trpi koštani sistem u fiziološkoj hiperprolaktinemiji, su blage i reverzibilne, dok se medikamentna hiperprolaktinemija može smatrati značajnim faktorom rizika za gubitak koštane mineralne gustine. Na osnovu postavljenih hipoteza i rezultata ovog eksperimentalnog rada mogu se izvesti sledeći zaključci: I. U stanju fiziološke hiperprolaktinemije verifikovana je značajno viša ekspresija PRLR u duodenumu, što omogućuje povećanu intestinalnu apsorpciju kalcijuma. Značajno niža ekspresija PR

Cilj studije preseka je bio da ispita povezanost između TSH i rizika od preloma kostiju u populaciji pre i postmenopauzalnih žena sa subkliničkim hiper i hipotireoidizmom, sa ciljem prepoznavanja osoba sa povećanim rizikom od osteoporotičnih fraktura. METODOLOGIJA Računanje FRAX skora (10-godišnji pretpostavljeni rizik od preloma kostiju) i merenje koštanih markera je primenjeno na 109 pre i postmenopauzalnih žena sa novootkrivenim subkliničkim hiper ili hipotiroidizmom, starosti 59.17±7.07 godina, prosečnog indeksa telesne mase 27.89 ±3.46kg/m2, sa nastankom menopauze u 48.05±4.09 godini života i na 51 eutireoidnoj ženi, starosti 69±5.72, ITM 27.68 ± 4.66kg/m2, sa nastankom menopauze u 48.53±4.58 godini. REZULTATI: Ukupni FRAX skor i FRAX za kuk je bio značajno veći u podgrupi sa subkliničkim hipotireoidizmom (p<0.001 i p=0.001). U podgrupi sa subkliničkim hipertireoidizmom je ukupni FRAX skor bio statistički značajno povećan (p=0.001). Nije bilo povezanosti između niskog TSH i frakturnog rizika. U podgrupi sa subkliničkim hipotireoidizmom je nađena povezanost između TSH i osteokalcina (p=0.02) i postojanja TPO antitela i ukupnog frakturnog rizika ( p=0.001). ZAKLJUČAK: Pre i postmenopauzalne žene sa subkliničkom tireoidnom bolešću, posebno autoimune prirode, imaju veći FRAX skore i time i veći rizik od preloma kuka i drugih kostiju na malu trauma, u odnosu na pre i postmenopauzalne žene bez tireoidne disfunkcije. Naši rezultati ukazuju na potrebu ispitivanja kvaliteta kostiju populacije perimenopauzalnih žena sa subkliničkom tireoidnom bolešću u cilju sprečavanja nastanka osteoporotičnih preloma kostiju., OBJECTIVE: The aim of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between the TSH and fracture risk in pre and postmenopausal women with subclinical hyper or hypothyroidism for evaluation of individuals with a high risk for osteoporotic fractures. DESIGN: FRAX score calculation (10-year estimated risk for bone fracture) and measurement of bone markers were performed in 109 pre and postmenopausal women with newly discovered subclinical hypothyroidism (mean age 59.17±7.07, mean BMI 27.89 ±3.46kg/m2, menopause onset in 48.05±4.09 years of age) and 51 matched controls (mean age 59.69±5.72, mean BMI 27.68 ± 4.66kg/m2, menopause onset in 48.53±4.58 years of age) with normal thyroid function. RESULTS: The main FRAX score and hip FRAX score were significantly higher in the subgroup with subclinical hypothyroidism than in the controls (p<0.001 and p=0.001). In subgroup with subclinical hyperthyroidism main FRAX score was statisticaly significant (p=0.001). There was no correlations between low TSH and fracture risk. There was significant correlations between osteocalcin and TSH (p=0.02) in subgroup with subclinical hypothyroidism. Significant correlations was founded between presence of TPOAb and main FRAX in subgroup with subclinical hypothyroidism (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perimenopausal women with subclinical thyroid dysfunctions, in particular of autoimmune origin, have higher FRAX scores and a thus greater risk for low-trauma hip and other site fractures than euthyroid postmenopausal women. Our results point to the need of monitoring perimenopausal women with subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism for avoidance of fractures.

U radu se razmatra mogućnost primene softverskih aplikacija i simulacije u procesu edukacije operacionih menadžera. Program Logware se navodi kao jedan od raspoloživih alata, u kontekstu softverske podrške u obrazovanju. Opisana su dva modula računarskog programa Logware, pogodnog za analizu i rešavanje raznovrsnih problema i planiranje logističkih i aktivnosti lanca snabdevanja. Prikazom mogućnosti simulacije procesa u lancu snabdevanja, korišćenjem SCSIM modula, ukazuje se na onaj aspekt softvera Logware koji omogućava njegovo korišćenje za interaktivni razvoj znanja i unapređenje veština kadrova u oblasti menadžmenta logistike i lanaca snabdevanja. Prikazom modula ROUTE ukazuje se na aspekt softvera Logware koji omogućava da se, na neposredan način, korisnicima približe složeni problemi rutiranja. Predstavljanjem problema na koje se odnosi modul ROUTE naznačena je razlika između obrazovnih i praktično primenljivih softvera., The paper discusses the applicability of software applications and simulation in the education of operations managers. Program Logware is referred as one of the available tools, in the context of software support in education. There are represented two modules of software Logware, that are useful for analyzing a variety of logistics and supply chain problems and logistics and supply chain planning. Review of supply chain process simulation using SCSIM module notes the aspect of Logware software, as a tool for interactive development of knowledge and skills improvement of logistics and supply chain managers. Review of module ROUTE indicate the aspect of software that makes it appropriate for the introducing to complex routing problems. Problems relevant to the module ROUTE are represented in point of differentiation between educational and practically applicable software.

Danas, mobilne tehnologije u poslovnim procesima predstavljaju način za sticanje konkurentske prednosti na tržištu i glavno oruđe za efikasno organizovanje celokupnog tržišta. Ovaj rad opisuje osnovne koncepte upotrebe RFID tehnologija u lancima snabdevanja., Today, mobile technologies in business situations presents the way of obtaining competitors advantage on the market and main tools for efficient organization of the complete market. This document describes the basics concepts of using RFID technologies in supply chains.

Increasing customer needs, globalization of markets. and evolution of free markets add to the complexity of logistic processes. Problems in logistics, facility location and warehousing became the most interesting topics for scientific research. Industrial organizations are continually being challenged to reduce product development time, production costs and lead times, and to improve product quality and logistic. Supply chain is a global network of organizations that cooperate with a common objective - to improve goods and information flows between suppliers and customers at the lowest cost and highest speed. This paper identifies structural and technological changes that have to be implemented successfully into our supply management processes in order to assure the future of logistic collaboration of modem organizations in the best possible way. We shall try to answer the following questions: 1) What is the future of logistic collaboration? 2) What are the implications of the new economy? and 3) How can we measure performance of the supply chains?

This document describes the model for additional benefits for those employed in the transport system (drivers), based on official results of performance evaluation. It presents the way for methodology development and quantitative model of employee performance evaluation. This paper is written based on the personal experience in planning, controlling and organizing of transport in direct distribution.