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Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While SARS-CoV-2 vaccines prevent severe disease effectively, postvaccination "breakthrough" COVID-19 infections and transmission among vaccinated individuals remain ongoing concerns. We present an in-depth characterization of transmission and immunity among vaccinated individuals in a household, revealing complex dynamics and unappreciated comorbidities, including autoimmunity to type 1 interferon in the presumptive index case.

Background: Rabies is one of the fatal diseases which is primarily a vaccine-preventable zoonotic disease transmitted to man usually by bites or licks of rabid animals. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the compliance and health-seeking behavior of the beneficiaries attending anti-rabies vaccination out patient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital along with the out-of-pocket expenditure required for vaccination. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in the anti-rabies vaccination (ARV) OPD of a tertiary care hospital in India. A total of 149 animal bite victims were included in the study. The beneficiaries coming for first and second doses in 1 month for Anti-Rabies vaccine were enrolled in the study and followed telephonically for 1 month for compliance with the ARV vaccines. Results: The median age of the study participants was 32 years ranging from 4 to 75 years. 73.8% were males, while 26.2% were females. A total of 26.84% did not follow the initial wound management protocol and the mean delay in seeking medical care was 22 ± 4.6 h. A majority (86%) were dog bites and 32.6% were found to be noncompliant to the schedule of the vaccination. The average out-of pocket expenditure borne by beneficiaries for getting vaccination was Rs. 462 ($5.54). Conclusions: A large number of victims of animal bite were not compliant with the schedule, and many had not completed the schedule. The out of pocket expenditure of the victims was high.

The West Sumatra - Riau toll road is expected to generate a favourable influence on the local economy, thereby enhancing the overall wellbeing of society. However, this progress does not eliminate some of the potential negative impacts, because the construction of toll roads will divert some of the public's transportation movements, thereby posing a threat to business activities along the diverted transportation routes. To anticipate these potential impacts, it is important to conduct a study that focuses on anticipating the potential socio-economic impacts of the construction of the West Sumatra – Riau toll road. A Focus Group Discussion was conducted with delegates from several Payakumbuh Municipal Government. A total of nineteen participants, comprising ten males and nine females, participated in the focus group discussion. The discussion remarks were methodically categorised and analysed. The study findings elucidate many potential ramifications of the construction of the West Sumatra - Riau toll road on Payakumbuh City, as well as proposed measures that might be implemented to mitigate these ramifications. The research findings can serve as a foundation for developing a regional development strategy for Payakumbuh City. The objective is to optimise the effects of toll road construction on the social and economic well-being of the community, ensuring equitable and balanced outcomes.

It is often presumed that anti-haecceitists are not committed to the identity of indiscernibles. However, I argue that anti-haecceitism implies a particularly strong thesis about when individuals are indiscernible which motivates the identity of indiscernibles. The argument is first sketched intuitively and then formalized in a system of higher-order modal logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Politicae is the property of Studia Politicae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The morphology of the small intestinal mucosa is reflected by the degree of stimuli. Previous studies have come to different conclusion about whether the mucosa is equally symmetrical. The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are structural differences in the mesenteric versus antimesenteric mucosa in mice, rats, and humans. Jejunal biopsies from mice and rats were saved. Samples from human small intestine were obtained from patients undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery. Fixed samples were used to morphologically evaluate villus height and enlargement factor due to villi. The number of goblet cells, mast cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells were histologically analyzed in the villus structure. Cell turnover was analyzed by Ki‐67 staining. There was a significant increased villi height and villus enlargement factor antimesenterically in mice, rats, and human small intestines. The distribution of goblet cells, mast cells, and Paneth cells were equal while the number of enteroendocrine cells was increased antimesenteric in the human samples. The crypt mitotic activity was almost 20% higher in the antimesenteric part of jejunum. In summary we found longer villi, greater surface enlargement, and increased number of enteroendocrine cells as well as increased cell turnover antimesenterically. These differences may be of importance in understanding normal gastrointestinal physiology in health and disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization is a principal driver of global biodiversity loss. Although many studies have examined the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, we are only beginning to study urbanization as an evolutionary force. Urban environments are hotspots for invasive species, but most previous studies have focused on phenotypic changes in native species responding to urbanization. Quantifying the phenotypic responses of invasive species to urbanization may help reveal mechanisms promoting invasion. There are, however, few studies investigating the phenotypic response of invasive species to urbanization. We compared morphological traits of invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) between urban and rural areas in three cities in north-eastern Australia using generalized linear mixed models. We found that the parotoid glands, which are the major anti-predator defence of toads were smaller in urban than in rural populations. The tibiofibula length of males in urban populations was longer than those in rural populations, but females showed opposite trends, suggesting potential effects of urbanization on sexual dimorphism. These results demonstrate that urbanization drives morphological changes in invasive toads, suggesting they may adapt to urban environments rapidly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major food -borne pathogen worldwide and a frequent contaminant of fruit juices. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of bacteriocin -containing Cell -Free Culture Supernatants (CFCS) of Pediococcus pentosaceus IO 1 against S. aureus inoculated in fruit juices, as well as their impact on the juice sensory attributes. Methods: The orange and watermelon juice samples were treated with bacteriocin supernatant at different concentrations (1, 5, and 10% v/v) and the sensory attributes were evaluated using a 5 -point hedonic scale and thereafter inoculated with a culture of S. aureus. Then, the inhibitory effect of bacteriocin -containing CFCS of P. pentosaceus IO 1 against S. aureus in the fruit juices was evaluated by in situ and plate assays. Results: The 10% (v/v) bacteriocin -containing CFCS exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, reducing S. aureus counts in pasteurized orange and watermelon juices by 1.42 and 2.12 log Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml, respectively, and by 1.03 and 0.88 log CFU/ml in unpasteurized orange and watermelon juices, respectively, compared to the control. The taste, colour, and overall acceptability of pasteurized orange and watermelon juices treated with 1% (v/v) bacteriocin supernatant and 0.1% (w/v) sodium benzoate were not significantly different (p=0.228) from those pasteurized orange and watermelon juices without preservative. Conclusion: The bacteriocin produced by P. pentosaceus IO 1 could be used as a natural preservative in fruit juices to control S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early diagnosis and treatment of rejection after kidney transplantation play a critical role in alleviating allograft injury. Detection of donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) could be performed based on the next-generation sequencing and other techniques. The content of DNA fragments derived from necrotic and apoptotic donor kidney tissues in circulating body fluids could be determined by concentration and absolute quantitative methods, which has application potential in monitoring allograft injury in clinical practice. Compared with traditional serum creatinine and other indicators, dd-cfDNA detection may monitor allograft injury from several weeks to months in advance, providing a “time window” for clinical treatment and delaying graft failure. Along with deepening research of dd-cfDNA in recent years, dd-cfDNA has captivated widespread attention due to its non-invasiveness, high sensitivity and real-time evaluation of therapeutic effect. In this article, current study evidence and conclusions related to multidimensional application of ddcfDNA detection in diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation were reviewed, and the future research and clinical application direction of dd-cfDNA were discussed, aiming to provide reference for widespread application of dd-cfDNA detection in clinical practice in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity in PLWH are currently limited. Aim of the study was to investigate immunogenicity according to current CD4 T-cell count Methods PLWH on ART attending a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program, were included in a prospective immunogenicity evaluation after receiving BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273. Participants were stratified by current CD4 T-cell count (poor CD4 recovery, PCDR: <200/mm3; intermediate CD4 recovery, ICDR: 200–500/mm3; high CD4 recovery, HCDR: >500/mm3). RBD-binding IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and IFN-γ release were measured. As control group, HIV-negative healthcare workers (HCWs) were used Findings Among 166 PLWH, after 1 month from the booster dose, detectable RBD-binding IgG were elicited in 86.7% of PCDR, 100% of ICDR, 98.7% of HCDR, and a neutralizing titre ≥1:10 elicited in 70.0%, 88.2%, and 93.1%, respectively. Compared to HCDR, all immune response parameters were significantly lower in PCDR. After adjusting for confounders, current CD4 T-cell <200/mm3 significantly predicted a poor magnitude of anti-RDB, nAbs and IFN-γ response. As compared with HCWs, PCDR elicited a consistently reduced immunogenicity for all parameters, ICDR only a reduced RBD-binding antibody response, whereas HCDR elicited a comparable immune response for all parameters Conclusion Humoral and cell-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 were elicited in most of PLWH, albeit significantly poorer in those with CD4 T-cell <200/mm3 versus those with >500 cell/mm3 and HIV-negative controls. A lower RBD-binding antibody response than HCWs was also observed in PLWH with CD4 T-cell 200–500/mm3, whereas immune response elicited in PLWH with a CD4 T-cell >500/mm3 was comparable to HIV-negative population [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention involves three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct neural networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. This study aimed to analyze the development of attentional networks in children aged between 3 and 6 years using a child-friendly version of the Attentional Network Test for Interaction (ANTI), the ANTI-Birds. The sample included 88 children divided into four age groups: 3-year-old, 4-year-old, 5-year-old, 6-year-old children. The results of this study would seem to indicate that between 4 and 6 years, there are no significant changes in attentional networks. Instead, between 3 and 4 years of age, children significantly improve all their attentional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Kaempferide (Ka), a major natural active component of Tagetes erecta L, has numerous pharmacological effects such as anti-obesity, anticancer, and anti-hypertension. However, there is no clear evidence that Ka is directly related to inflammation and oxidative stress in obese mice. We aimed to explore the effects of Ka on inflammation and oxidative stress and its mechanism.Materials and Methods: The obese mice were induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The anti-obesity effect was tested by liver and body weight, liver and adiposity index, and white adipose tissue. Blood sample analysis was used to detect the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. The anti-oxidation effect was assessed using GSH, SOD, MDA, CAT, T-AOC, and other indicators. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using TNF-α, MCP-1, and Adiponectin. Western blot and Real-Time PCR were used to evaluate the related signaling pathways.Results: Obesity, glycolipid metabolism disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress developed in HFD mice. These changes can be effectively alleviated by Ka treatment for 16 weeks. Further studies have suggested that these beneficial effects of Ka may be associated with inhibition of the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways. Conclusion: Ka possesses important anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. The mechanism may be causally associated with the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, which improves inflammation and oxidative stress.

Objective(s): Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the leading cause of acute kidney injury. This study aimed to elucidate the reno-protective effect of gamma-oryzanol (GO) by comparing gavage and intraperitoneal (IP) administration methods on renal I/R injury in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into four groups including (group 1) sham, (group 2) I/R-control, (group 3) I/R+GO gavage-treated, and (group 4) I/R+ GO IP-treated. A single dose of GO was administrated to groups 3 and 4 (100 mg/kg body weight), 60 min before induction of I/R. After anesthesia, I/R was created by 45 min of ischemia, followed by 6 hr of reperfusion. Then, blood and tissue samples were subjected to evaluation of renal function, anti-oxidant capacity, inflammation, apoptotic proteins, and IKB/NF-kB pathway.Results: The two GO administration methods showed improvement of renal function along with attenuation of histological abnormalities. An increase in antioxidant capacity along with a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers, decline in the expression levels of BAX, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3, and up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression were recorded. Moreover, a significant decrease in NF-Kb, p-IKBα, and MMP-2/9 with an increase in IKBα levels were also observed. Overall, in a comparative evaluation between the two gavage and IP administration methods, we did not find any differences in all examined parameters, except IL-6 which had a better result via gavage.Conclusion: A single dose of GO administration has a reno-protective effect against renal I/R injury. Gavage and IP administration exhibit similar efficiency in alleviation of I/R injury.

This essay reconstructs how the genesis of drug policy in the country overlaps with racist actions, associated with eugenic and hygienist policies, targeting the black segments, patterns of consumption of psychoactive substances tended to be referred to the legal or medical field, based on in the prohibitionist paradigm, which becomes hegemonic. From the 2000s onwards, this model is intended for harm reduction, based on human rights and on the participation of users of the Unified Health System, which makes racism visible in its various hues and signals the deconstruction of the dominant imagination. Thus, it contributes to dense epistemological, legal, ethical-political and assistance inflections in the approaches to psychoactive substance consumers, which potentially makes it an anti-racist tool.

Objectives: Levetiracetam (LEV) has a low risk of hepatotoxicity due to low liver metabolism. Knowledge regarding the association between LEV exposure and liver injury is based mainly on case reports. The purpose of this study is to summarize the clinical features of LEV-induced liver injury. Methods: We collected literature on liver injury induced by LEV for retrospective analysis from 1999 to April 2021 in Chinese and English. Key findings: The median age of 21 patients (13 males and 8 females) was 31 years (range 0.13–76). The median time for liver injury was 19 days (range 3–120). The clinical manifestations of patients ranged from asymptomatic elevated liver enzymes in 5 patients (23.8%) to fever, digestive system symptoms and skin rash in 16 patients (76.2%). The median values of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were 773 IU/L (range 60–4800) and 667.5 IU/L (range 53–10 387), respectively. Liver biopsy demonstrated hepatocellular necrosis. The liver function returned to normal at a median time of 9 days (range 2–270) after discontinuation of LEV. Conclusions: LEV-induced liver injury is a rare adverse reaction, ranging from asymptomatic elevated transaminases to fulminant liver failure. Patients receiving long-term treatment with LEV should consider monitoring liver function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level allows quantitative evaluation of ovarian reserve, its predictive value for live births following assisted reproductive technology cycles has remained controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the importance of AMH in predicting live birth following intrauterine insemination (IUI) in the case of low or very low ovarian reserve. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 123 patients with AMH≤1 ng/ml, who underwent a total of 137 IUI cycles were enrolled and evaluated for live birth rate. Patients were divided into two groups based on serum AMH levels: group 1 with low level of AMH (0.4-1 ng/ml, n=83, cycles: 95) and group 2 with very low level of AMH (≤0.4 ng/ml, n=40, cycles: 42). The results were compared between the two groups. Main outcome was the pregnancy rate. Results: The rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy and live birth in all patients were 11%, 8% and 7.3%, respectively. The two groups showed no significant difference in the rates of biochemical pregnancy (10.4% vs. 14.3%, p=0.3), clinical pregnancy (6.3% vs. 11.9%, p=0.2) and live birth (6.3% vs. 9.8%, p=0.5). In univariate regression analysis, baseline characteristics and ovarian stimulation parameters showed no significant relationship with the rates of pregnancy and live birth. Conclusion: In women with AMH≤1 ng/ml, serum levels of AMH did not appear to reflect pregnancy outcomes and live births following IUI. It can be concluded that in women with low or very low levels of AMH, there is chance of pregnancy, and live birth following IUI.

Background The aim of this study was evaluation of the impact of single-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment on ovarian reserve in women with ectopic pregnancy (EP) undergoing infertility treatment in Iranian population. Materials and Methods This prospective cohort study was done between March 2015 and March 2017 in Tehran General Women Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We enrolled 20 patients with EP who conceived during infertility treatment and received a single-dose MTX (50 mg/m2) intramuscularly. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), 17 beta-estra diol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and antral follicle count (AFC) on transvaginal ultrasonography, were evaluated before and 8 weeks after administration of MTX. Results AMH did not significantly vary after the administration of MTX, compared to before treatment value (P=0.36). FSH, E2 and AFC changes were not statistically significant, while increment of LH was significant (P=0.02). Conclusion Results indicated that single-dose MTX treatment did not reduce ovarian reserve in women with EP. Further randomized controlled clinical trial studies with larger sample sizes, by using multiple dosages of MTX, and with long-term follow up are suggested to be done.

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a valid indicator of ovarian function and is used for PCOS diagnosis. Some studies have shown that adipokines affect the synthesis of AMH, and therefore they are somehow related in function. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between serum levels of AMH, adiponectin and oxidative stress markers in PCOS patients. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, PCOS patients and healthy women (80 cases in total) were investigated. Serum levels of AMH, adiponectin, gonadotropins, androgens, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) and insulin resistance (IR) were measured by standard methods. An independent t test was used to compare the two groups and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results There was a significant difference between the means of AMH (5.16 ± 5.3 vs. 2.44 ± 2.5 ng/mL) (P=0.007) and adiponectin (24.55 ± 9.41 vs. 30.57 ± 14.2 µg/L) (P=0.029) among the PCOS and control groups, respectively. The correlation between AMH and adiponectin in the control group was statistically significant and negative (P=0.028, r=-0.35), while in the PCOS group it was not significant (P=0.11, r=-0.25). Conclusion Various biochemical and hormonal factors differ between PCOS and healthy women. Different factors can influence AMH and adiponectin levels independently of PCOS in women of reproductive age.

Background One of the treatment methods for increasing the ovarian response to ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD). The optimal amount of the electrosurgical energy discharged in the ovaries to achieve maximum treatment response with minimal follicle injury is unknown. This study was performed to compare the success level of LOD by means of standard and dose-adjusted treatment methods among infertile clomiphene-resistant PCOS women. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted on infertile clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women in the Gynaecology Department of Imam Reza Hospital between 2016 and 2017. The patients were randomly di- vided into two groups based on the ovarian cautery method. The two groups were examined and compared regarding the antral follicles, the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), androgens, and mid-luteal progesterone one month after surgery. The regularity of cycles, ovulation, and pregnancy were examined monthly up to six months after surgery. Results In total, 60 women received bilateral LOD (n=30 per group). The level of AMH (P=0.73), testosterone (P=0.91), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS, P=0.16) did not differ at study entrance and one month after ovarian cautery [P=0.94 (AMH), P=0.46 (testosterone), and P=0.12 (DHEAS)] and for postoperative mid-luteal pro- gesterone (P=0.31). Intragroup comparisons showed a statistically significant difference in the decrease in the number of antral follicles and testosterone in the standard group (P=0.02) and AMH level in the cautionary dose-adjusted group (P=0.04). We observed no difference in cycle regularity (P=0.22), ovulation (P=0.11), and pregnancy (P=0.40) between the two groups after six months. Conclusion The results indicated that there was no difference between the two methods of ovarian cautery with re- gards to establishing cycle regularity and ovulation. The standard treatment was effective in decreasing the numbers of antral follicles and testosterone levels, whereas the dose-adjusted method significantly affected the decrease in AMH levels (Registration Number: IRTC20171210037820N1).

Este artículo trata de poner en diálogo el pensamiento de dos militantes e intelectuales como fueron el pensador andalucista y padre de la patria andaluza, Blas Infante y el pensador anti-colonial Franz Fanon. Por un lado, el universo de los regionalismos y nacionalismos emancipatorios y de izquierda de las llamadas naciones sin Estado en el contexto del sur de Europa y, por otro lado, el pensamiento anti-colonial de Frantz Fanon. Tomo a Blas Infante, como referencia del pensamiento emancipador de las naciones sin Estado del Sur de Europa, por ser un pensador andaluz, muy vinculado a la realidad del norte de África a través de sus viajes y de su búsqueda de las raíces africanas de Al- Andalus. Tomo a Franz Fanon, por ser un pensador caribeño y por haber desarrollado su actividad política e intelectual más importante en el Norte de África. El diálogo entre estos dos pensadores revolucionarios, genera las condiciones favorables para un nuevo paradigma descolonial que recoja la mejor tradición de pensamiento anti-colonial y la mejor tradición del nacionalismo andaluz anti-eurocéntrico.

The present experiment was conducted at one field of the research station (B) belongs to Horticulture Department/College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University during the summer season of 2017 in order to study the effect of the inoculation with the mycorrhizae and spray with FeSO4 and Anti-transpirant (Armurox) on some growth characters and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. The experiment was lay out as a factorial experiment (2x3x2) in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The three factors used in this experiment included; the inoculation with mycorrhizae (M) (0 and 10 g. plant-1), spray with FeSO4 (F) (0, 0.5, and 1g. L-1), and the Anti-transpirant ‘Armurox’ (A) (0 and 5 ml.L-1). The results showed that the inoculation with mycorrhizae had positive effect on chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoot, total number of flowers and total yield with values of 51.15 mg.100 g-1, 28.73%, 116.12 flower. plant -1, 21.92 ton. hectare-1, respectively. The M1F0A0 combination treatment was superior in total number of flowers per plant (132.90), while the M1F2A1 combination treatment was superior in chlorophyll content, dry weight and total yield with values of 68.23 mg. 100 g-1, 31.82%, and 25.29 ton. hectare-1, respectively. .

Abstract The present experiment was carried out at one field of the research station (B) belongs to Horticulture Department/College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University during the summer season of 2017 in order to study the effect of the inoculation with the mycorrhizae and spray with FeSO4 and Anti-Transpirant (Armurox) on some growth characters and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. The experiment was lay out as a factorial experiment (2x3x2) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The total number of treatments was twelve. The three factors of the experiment included; the inoculation with mycorrhizae (M) (0 and 10 g. plant-1), spray with FeSO4 (F) (0, 0.5, and 1g.L-1), and the Anti-Transpirant ‘Armurox’ (A) (0 and 5 ml.L-1). The results showed that the three factors and their interactions had significant effects on most of the growth characters measured. The inoculation with the mycorrhizae was superior in giving higher values of plant height, number of branches and total number of leaves per plant; 139.97 cm, 15.00 branch. plant-1 and 165.85 leaf. plant-1, respectively. The M1F0A0 combination treatment recorded the highest number of branches per plant (16.50) while the M1F2A1 treatment recorded the highest values of plant height (145.66 cm), total leaves number (170.33 leaf. plant-1), leaf area (731.36 dcm-2. plant-1), number of pods (19.20 pod. plant-1), and plant yield (809.40 g. plant-1). .

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training in water and land with vitamin D on anti-Mullerian hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Sixty women with PCOS (20 - 35 years old) referred to the Hafez Hospital in Shiraz in 2018 were selected and randomly divided into six groups of (1) control, (2) water training, (3) land training, (4) vitamin D, (5) water training with vitamin D, and (6) land training with vitamin D. Groups 2, 3, 5, and 6 performed resistance training in water and land for eight weeks, three sessions per week, while groups 4, 5 and 6 consumed vitamin D for eight weeks. For statistical analysis of data independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Training in water and land have no significant effect on anti-Mullerian hormone (P ≥ 0.05); vitamin D, training in water with vitamin D, and training in land with vitamin D have significant effect on reduction of anti-Mullerian hormone (P = 0.001); training in water with vitamin D and training in land with vitamin D have more effect on reduction of anti-Mullerian hormone rather than vitamin D (P ≤ 0.05) and after training in water with vitamin D (P = 0.01) and training in land with vitamin D (P = 0.001) there is a significant relationship between anti-Mullerian hormone changes and weight. Conclusions: It appears that resistance training in water and land combined with vitamin D consumption may decrease the anti-Mullerian hormone by reduction in weight and as a result improve ovarian and reproductive function in women with PCOS.

Purpose The case of a pediatric patient with treatment refractory anti– N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis treated with the plasma cell–depleting therapy bortezomib is reported. Summary A 5-year-old female presented to the hospital with a 1-week history of altered mental status, agitation, and possible seizure-like activity. She was admitted to the hospital for suspected meningitis or meningoencephalitis and an extensive workup was completed, including sending blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for testing for NMDA receptor antibodies. While test results were pending, the patient was treated initially with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for 4 days followed by high-dose methylprednisolone for 5 days. The patient's serum and CSF studies were positive for NMDA receptor antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis. She was then treated with plasmapheresis therapy every other day for 5 treatments, without any clinical improvement. The patient then received rituximab once weekly for 6 weeks. Three weeks after completion of rituximab therapy, the patient was started on her first cycle of bortezomib therapy. She received a total of 6 cycles, with improvement in her clinical status beginning with the third cycle. Upon completion of 6 cycles, the patient's mental status and level of functioning had greatly improved. She was discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility and ultimately able to return home to her family. Conclusion A 5-year-old female with anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis was successfully treated with bortezomib after having shown no clinical improvement during treatment with IVIG, high-dose methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis, and rituximab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL; Leishmania donovani) cases produce interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor in response to soluble leishmanial antigen (SLA) in whole-blood assays. Using transcriptional profiling, we demonstrate the impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine implicated in VL, on this response. SLA stimulation identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 17/28 in a single network with TNF as hub. SLA plus anti-IL-10 produced 454 DEGs, 292 in a single network with TNF, IFNG, NFKBIA, IL6, and IL1B as hubs in concert with a remarkable chemokine/cytokine storm. Our data demonstrate the singular effect of IL-10 as a potent immune modulator in VL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemos seleccionado cuatro signos considerados masónicos en Internet. En un estudio comparativo visual, hemos elegido dibujos de cuatro signos usados por teoristas de la conspiración. Después los contrastamos con fotografías masónicas auténticas las del Centro de Documentación de la Memoria Histórica en Salamanca (España) en que se ve el uso del signo. Finalmente comparamos las fotografías auténticas con las fotos de prensa de los políticos de la segunda República subidas a la red, puesto que muchos de ellos eran masones conocidos. En este trabajo identificamos los políticos posiblemente masones para saber si hicieron uso de signos masónicos en las fotos de prensa para identificarse y dentro de qué contexto fueron subidos a la red.

This text discusses the influences of the Russian Revolution of 1917 on resistance movements in Latin America. Seeks to reflect how the experience of the October Socialist Revolution of 1917 rekindled the hopes of Revolutions in Latin America fed and raised anti-capitalist and imperialist resistance movements on the continent.

Gum was extracted from linseed (Linum usitissimum) in north of Iraq, which it annual growth plant. Organoleptic characterization of: color, odor, taste, fracture and texture. Physico-chemical properties were determined: pH, bulk density, tapped density, bulkiness, swelling index, ash values, carr's index, Hausner's ratio and angle of repose. Thin Layer Chromatography paper was used to monitor the extracted saccharides by comparing the spots with the of the standards and flow rate Rf calculated. The FT-IR spectrum of the product showed an absorption bands at 3666.29 cm-1(–OH), 2966.76 cm-1(C-H), 2640.44 cm-1 (C=C), 1826.62 (C=O), 1420.04 (C-H bend). Anti-microbial activity evaluated of the gum and observed that gum does not any significant antibacterial activity such as cell wall destruction.

Poly amide (PA-6) nanofiber coatings on aluminum surface using electrospinning technique under two different voltage (24 kV & 34 Kv) were prepared. The coating morphology , roughness and 3D structural properties tested by using Atomic force microscopes (AFM), surface characterized by (SEM) microscopy, and high resolution optical microscopy (HROM) , Contact angle for hydrophobic behavior was tested by shape drop analyzer , and FTIR analysis for changing in crystalline structure was performed .The AFM images showed that the PA coating on the aluminum surface have a tight and twisted nanofiber structure with some beads through its morphology. SEM images shows the morphology beads of surface nanofibers . The electrochemical corrosion of aluminum without and with PA coating studied by subjected it to aerobic solutions of 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride (NaCl) . It has been found that the PA coatings decrease the corrosion currents and corrosion rate as well as increase the corrosion resistance for aluminum in the NaCl solution .

The present study is aimed to evaluate the role of some markers in the diagnosis of sepsis among SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) patients. The study included 180 patients with SIRS criteria within 24 hour of admission. They were admitted to different hospitals in Mosul city for the period from January 2013 to January 2014. From each patient two blood samples were collected, one for blood culture and the other separated by centrifugation and kept frozen for ELISA tests of PCT, IL-1, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-13. IL-1, IL-10, IL-13 and PCT were having a significant difference in mean between culture positive and negative cases. PCT was significantly highly elevated in patients with sepsis (P=0.004) with high sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (90.1%). Many combinations of markers were used in the current study to find out the best combination of markers. The results of using combined sensitivity and specificity of PCT together with 2 anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-13) were the best. They were an excellent markers with 100% sensitivity and the highest specificity.

Background One determining factor of a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle is embryo quality. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations of embryo quality and reserve markers like age, FSH and AMH. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 120 infertile women, aged 21-44 years, undergoing routine exploration during an unstimulated cycle preceding assisted reproductive technology (ART) at our center were studied prospectively, from February 2011 to December 2014. Descriptive parameters and patient characteristics were reported as mean (SD) or median (range) depending on the distribution. Student’s t test was performed for continuous variables, Wilcoxon and Pearson’s Test were used for not distributed variables and Fisher’s Test was performed for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Overall, at the time of investigation, patients had a mean age of 33.03 ± 4.15 years old. On cycle day three, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level was 3.50 ± 1.54 ng/mL, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level was 6.29 ± 1.53 mUI/ mL, at baseline, women had 16.57 ± 7.0 antral follicles. The mean of collected oocytes was 11.80 ± 5.25, embryo I+II was 2.46 ± 2.11. A greater number of embryos I+II was observed in young patients. By evaluating 120 patients, a significant relationship was observed between age and FSH (r=0.24, P=0.01), age with AMH (r=-0.22, P=0.02), age with collected oocytes (r=-0.23, P=0.03) and age with embryo I+II (r=-0.22, P=0.03). A significant relationship was also observed between antral follicle count (AFC) and AMH (r=0.29, P=0.01), AFC and the number of transferred embryo (r=-0.18, P=0.03), AFC and total dose of the drugs (r=-0.23, P=0.03). Significant relationship of FSH with total dose of drugs (r=0.19, P=0.02) was also observed. In addition, we determined significant relationships between AMH and the number of collected oocytes (r=0.38, P=0.01), AMH and the number of metaphase II oocytes (r= 0.35, P=0.01), AMH and the number of embryo (r=0.19, P=0.04) as well as AMH and total dose of the drugs (r=-0.25, P=0.01). Conclusion Commonly used clinical markers of ovarian reserve are reflection of the ovarian reserve, while the outcome measurements of ART and age are the best predictors of embryo quality.

Background Reduced ovarian reserve predicts poor ovarian response and poor suc- cess rates in infertile women who undergo assisted reproductive technology (ART). Ovarian reserve also decreases with age but the rate of decline varies from one woman to another. This study aims to detect differences in ovarian reserve as measured by basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) between a matched cohort of fertile and infertile regularly menstruating women, 18-45 years of age. Materials and Methods This case-control study involved 64 fertile and 64 subfertile women matched by age at recruitment. Peripheral blood samples were taken from the women recruited from the Gynecological and Outpatient Clinics of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Serum FSH and AMH were quantified using ELISA at the Metabolic Research Laboratory of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Results A significant difference existed in the mean FSH of fertile (6.97 ± 3.34) and infertile (13.34 ± 5.24, P=0.013) women. We observed a significant difference in AMH between fertile (2.71 ± 1.91) and infertile (1.60 ± 2.51, P=0.029) women. There was a negative correlation between FSH and AMH in both fertile (r=-0.311, P=0.01) and infertile (r=-0.374, P=0.002) women. Conclusion The difference in ovarian reserve observed in this study suggests that reduced ovarian reserve in regularly menstruating women may be associated with early ovarian ageing or subfertility.

Trichophyton rubrum (T.rubrum) is a pathogenic dermatophyte that can causes fungal infection in keratinized layer of the human tissues such as skin, hair and nails. This work was carried out to study the antifungal activity of CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the viability of T.rubrum. CuO NPs have been synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of copper target immersed in liquid media using Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm. The optical properties and the surface charge of CuO NPs colloidal were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Zeta potential techniques. UV–Vis spectrophotometer exhibited two peaks of absorption of CuO NPs colloidal: sharp peak at 200 nm and another peak at 630 nm. Zeta potential technique showed negative charge of CuO NPs colloidal (-28.16 mV). The morphological properties of CuO NPs such as particle size, shape and particle size distribution were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), the shapes were spherical and the particle size distribution was inhomogeneous which ranges between 20 to 180 nm. The synthesized CuO NPs presented suitable fungistatic activity against T.rubrum and its highest growth-inhibitory effectiveness was at high concentration (100 μg/ml) and high exposure time (3 hrs). Moreover, the inhibition rate of T. rubrum progressively increased with increasing CuO NPs concentration and exposure time.

Available anti-leishmanial drugs are associated with toxic side effects, necessitating the search for safe and effective alternatives. This study is focused on identifying traditional medicinal plant natural products for anti-leishmanial potential and possible mechanism of action. Compounds S and T. cordifolia residual fraction (TC-5) presented the best anti-leishmanial activity (IC 50 : 0.446 and 1.028 mg/ml) against promastigotes at 48 h and less cytotoxicity to THP-1 macrophages. These test agents elicited increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; TNFα and IL-12. In infected untreated macrophages, NO release was suppressed but was significantly ( p  < 0.05) increased in infected cells treated with compound S. Importantly, Compound S was found to interact with Ld TopoII dimer in silico . Thereby, Compound S possesses anti-leishmanial activity and this effect occurs in vitro . Thereby, Compound S possesses anti-leishmanial activity and this effect occurs via TopoII may also contribute to the anti-leishmanial effect of compound S. These results show the potential of this compound as a potential starting point for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial leads.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.Ld TopoII may also contribute to the anti-leishmanial effect of compound S. These results show the potential of this compound as a potential starting point for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial leads.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor microenvironment were common in chronic inflammatory tumor types and frequently responded to the PD-L1 pathway immune checkpoint blockade in the clinic. Animal models to optimize such immunotherapeutics comprise an important strategy but often fail to predict the efficacy of clinical approaches. To address this, we aimed to establish new mouse models. In this study, we found that the expression of PD-L1was present at the beginning stage but a gradual decline over time in the in vitro cell culture and also in the mouse model. Based upon this finding, we established the IFN-γ-(human peripheral blood mononuclear cell) PBMC-CDX (cell line-derived xenograft) and IFN-γ-PBMC-PDX (patient-derived xenograft) mouse models, which recapitulate human tumor and human immune system interactions. IFN-γ was injected peritumorally to maintain the positivity of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. Under this circumstance, the PD-1 molecule on the human T lymphocyte surface is in contact with the PD-L1 molecule on the human tumor cells and, thus, the formatin of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment.Treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly inhibited the growth of both CDX and PDX tumors, but not non-human NCG models (without allogeneic human PBMCs and IFN-γ). These experimental data provide an important and promising platform for the development of drugs and the evaluation of the drug efficacy of immunotherapies with anti-PD-1 mAb as well as the basis of preclinical mAb drug research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: Type II heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is mediated by formation of antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4)‐heparin complexes. We evaluated anti–PF4‐heparin‐negative samples for the presence of additional anti‐platelet and anti‐red blood cell (RBC) antibodies using whole‐cell platelet/ RBC ELISAs we developed. Methods: Seventy‐three samples tested for anti–PF4‐heparin by ELISA were included: 62 tested negative, 9 tested positive, and 2 had equivocal results. Plasma specimens from healthy donors were used as controls. Results: 100% (9/9) anti–PF4‐positive samples had anti‐platelet antibodies detected by whole‐cell platelet ELISA. 42.2% (27/64) anti–PF4‐heparin‐negative samples were negative for anti‐platelet and anti‐RBC antibodies. 32.8% (21/64) negative samples showed reactivity to both platelets and RBC; 12.5% (8/64) negative samples were each reactive with either platelet or RBC ELISA, respectively. Additionally, two samples that tested equivocal by anti–PF4‐heparin ELISA had antibodies to both platelets and RBC by whole‐cell ELISA. Conclusions: Our study suggests that patients with thrombocytopenia testing negative for anti–PF4‐heparin may still harbor antibodies to platelets. However, additional research is needed to determine the significance of these antibodies. Nevertheless, these findings may encourage clinicians to further investigate patients with possible immune‐mediated etiologies of thrombocytopenia and anemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Ichthyophthiriasis induced by a freshwater teleost pathogen "Ichthyophthirius multifiliis" is one of the most important parasitic diseases with substantial economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Although malachite green, copper sulphate, formalin, and chloramine-T have been used to treat ichthyophthiriasis, there are no chemicals that can be used safely and effectively to control this parasitic disease. As a result, application of natural, safe and strong components to prevent ichthyophthiriasis is of great importance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present research is to determine the short-term effectiveness of tannic acid (TA) on the parasite theronts of I. multifiliis. METHODS: In this study, TA as a main phenolic acid at different concentrations (0.0-7.0 mg/L) was applied to determine its acute toxicity against I. multifiliis theronts in various exposure times (1-3 h). The results were also statistically compared to the findings obtained from the control treatment and the positive control sample (15mg/L formalin). RESULTS: There was a significant and direct correlation between TA concentration and exposure time in order to enhance the mortality rate of I. multifiliis theronts. An increase in levels of TA and exposure time in the studied ranges can significantly intensify the mortality number (P<0.05). The used natural phenolic constituent similar to 15 mg/L formalin led to a significant reduction in number of these theronts (> 80%) at 60 min. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a standard phenolic agent such as TA at higher concentration and longer exposure time can potentially decrease the number of I. multifiliis theronts and control ichthyophthiriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was the effectiveness of the microbial activity by using titanium dioxide nanoparticles which are prepared by using laser ablation of titanium pellet immersed in de-ionzed water. Palsed Nd: YAG laser with 1064nm wavelength and laser energy 250 mJ was used to irradiate the target for ablation time 15 min, 200 pulses. Where studied synthetic characteristics of the sample prepared using the X-ray diffraction pattern of nanoparticles proved the presence Alatanas planes. A scanning electron microscope measurement appearance Tio2 nanoparticle of structures with cube shapes , while the results of Zeta potential was the values being equal to (34) are located within the range of suspension potential Stability. The results of antimicrobial activity of Tio2 nanoparticle against bacterial stratin S.aureus, C .albicans, and E.coli with antibiotic at concentration .1000 mg/ml (AMC, DO10 and CN10) using well diffusion assay showed. The best concentration of 1000 mg /ml of antibiotics give us with dioxide nanoparticles to inhibition bacterial growth .The results showed that the nanoparticles with antibiotics inhibition the growth of S.aureus then C.albicans which is more sensitive than E.coli .Our results showed that dioxide nanoparticles have synergistic effect with (CN10& DO10) .And there is no any synergistic effect with (AMC).

The probabilityof the biometric system to be spoofed is widely acknowledged. Complete security does not really exist, butsignificant efforts have led to study such threats and to develop countermeasures to direct attacks to the biometric system in an attempt to ensure the security and to reduce this risk. This paper presents two novel anti-spoofing techniques to protect iris biometric system from spoof attack, static and dynamic. Static technique is based on the principle of degree of sharpening of the input eye image.Dynamic technique is based on variation of the size of the pupil if the illumination is increased. This technique is tested on 15 folders of original MMU database (Multi Media University database) Each folder contains two eyes image sampleswhichrepresent live trail and 15 folders of(MMU database) eye images printed using scanner device and photographed using a specific camera are saved in computer to represent 15 attempts of spoof attack. The evaluation tests ofliveness detection phase for iris which is applied in iris database show that the detection of the liveness properties is very good as depicted in Table (1) and Table (2).

Ovaries are the female organs that age more quickly than other tissues such as the uterus, the pituitary gland or pancreas. Different from males, an interesting question is why and how the females lose fertility so rapidly. During the aging process, both the number and quality of the oocytes in the ovaries decrease and reach to a point beyond that no more viable offspring may be produced and the associated cyclic endocrinological activities cease, entering the menopause in females at an average age of 50 years. Females who delayed childbearing with or without their willing until their 30 years or 40 years constitute the largest portion of the total infertility population. Ovarian reserve tests (ORTs) provide an indirect estimate of a female’s diminishing ovarian reserve or remaining follicular pool. This article briefly reviews recent progresses in relation to ovarian aging and ORTs.

The adjustment of scale factors in fuzzy controllers is a key factor in their correct functioning. In two-inputs fuzzy PID controllers, such as fuzzy PI+D (FPI+D) and fuzzy PD+I (FPD+I), the adjustment of scale factors is directly related to the adjustment of the gains of a PID controller using some of the traditional methods of adjustment. In systems that have control signal saturation, fuzzy PID controllers require anti-windup systems (AW) that limit the controller’s integral action. In these situations, the adjustments of scale factors are not directly related to the adjustment of gains of a PID controller. Its use increases the overall gain system and creates an unbounded controller, which causes a faster response in the transient state but an oscillatory behavior and even critical stability in the steady state of the response. A solution to this problem is to reduce the output scale factor, to create a bounded controller, in which the tracking time constant is augmented. Consequently, the system presents more bounded oscillations in the steady state, but the transient response is slower. The main motivation of this research was to develop an approach for adjusting fuzzy PD+I controllers with an anti-windup system (FPD+I AW) with faster response in the transient state and without oscillatory behavior in the steady state. This approach uses a second fuzzy controller, which adjusts the output scale factor and the tracking time constant according to the actual system error. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a fuzzy PD+I controller with an AW system based on tracking back calculation and fuzzy scale factor scheduling (FPD+I AW-FSFS) was implemented and used to control the speed in a direct current motor with control signal saturation and was compared with the responses of FPD+I unbounded and FPD+I bounded controllers with AWs based on tracking back calculation, thereby proving the effectiveness of the proposed method.