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Rice blast is a common disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae which affects rice production worldwide, including Brazil. To reduce the use of harmful pesticides, sustainable control options are necessary for managing rice blast. One possible option is to use plant extracts because they produce secondary metabolites capable of inhibiting the pathogen and controlling the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers from Banisteriopsis laevifollia, a native Brazilian plant, to antagonise M. oryzae. In vitro antifungal activity assays were carried out, in which mycelium growth reduction, conidia germination, and appressorium formation of M. oryzae were evaluated. In addition, in vivo assay for suppression of leaf blast severity by extracts was done. We also explored the identification of secondary metabolites from ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers by HPLC-HRMS. Results showed that both leaf and flower extracts inhibited mycelial growth in 21.72% and 30.49%, respectively, due to the inhibition of ergosterol production. Additionally, both extracts inhibited melanin production in the mycelium of M. oryzae by inhibiting tyrosine production. Both leaf and flower extracts significantly inhibited conidia germination and appressorium formation. Furthermore, rice leaves treated with the extracts suppressed by 18.17% and 18.97% leaf blast severity, with the 1.00 mg/mL concentration of flower extract and 0.75 mg/mL concentration of leaf extract, respectively, showing the most significant reduction of leaf blast. The extracts contain phenolic compounds, including 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno-(5,4,3)- chromene-5,10-dione, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol, 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone, 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone -3-O-glucoside, and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-O-rutinoside, which are likely responsible for the antifungal activity of the extracts. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of plant extracts as a sustainable alternative for the management of rice blast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quarantine hotel is one of several political instruments used to control the spread of Covid-19 in diverse countries, from Norway to China. I apply discourse analysis to map the discursive struggle to define the quarantine hotel in Norway. The government and other key political actors channel a biopolitical discourse constituting the quarantine hotel as necessary to protect the Norwegian population from imported contagion. This discourse's meaning is contested by a juridical counter-discourse articulated by lawyers and travellers, which constitutes the quarantine hotel as imprisonment/internment and a breach of rights. Travellers tend to combine this with a biopolitical counter-discourse, dismissing the quarantine hotel's biopolitical properties, strengthening the juridical critique. These discourses are important resources in a transnational, ongoing struggle, where the prize is the legitimacy of the politics of Covid-19, and the very ordering of the post-pandemic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia i Polityka is the property of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital platforms such as Uber, Rappi or Airbnb impose a labor model where workers are not recognized as such and do not have minimum rights. They are part of platform capitalism, a form of capital that uses digital technologies to impose a precarious employment relationship. However, faced with this model, application workers are beginning to organize and demand rights. In this article, I examine the ideology that platforms promote and the resistances of app distributors. I argue that, in the face of the imagined individualism of digital platforms, delivery workers are recreating forms of community. They have not been passive or totally subaltern but are displaying different forms of antagonism and autonomy. This paper is based on qualitative research with interviews of key informants and analysis of the documents of collectives and groups of Mexican delivery workers, both in Mexico City and in New York. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of language and literature education, children's and youth books should be sensitive to the culture of human rights and democracy and should not endorse group antagonism such as stereotype, prejudice and discrimination. The main purpose of this research is to determine if there are any messages about group antagonisms in the award-winning children's and youth stories/novels; and to understand the emotional aspect, style, context and content characteristics of those messages. The data source of this general survey model research consists of a total of 34 books that have received awards from various institutions and organizations in the field of children's and youth literature. In the content analysis, the main category of group antagonism was divided into three subcategories: stereotype, prejudice and discrimination, which were further divided into sub-categories based on emotional aspect, style, context, and content and analyzed in cross-tables. The findings showed that most messages were in the prejudice category. In addition, it was determined that the messages that foster group antagonism were mostly related to the affective dimension and were conveyed in a blatant style and often without malicious intent. Within the scope of this study, it is recommended that fictional books addressing children and young people should address group antagonism with a critical and problem-oriented approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently scholars have called for an Indigenous turn in medieval studies that challenges the historical assumptions of the field by actively engaging in a decolonial and anticolonial praxis. This essay argues that this turn must confront the problem of reciprocity that arises from distinct Indigenous and medieval articulations of sovereignty, which reveal the potential of this tenuous intersection despite the possibility of irreconcilable antagonisms. Tracing sovereignty--specifically through a "politics of recognition" as proposed by the Yellowknives Dene scholar Glen Coulthard--in Dante's Monarchia (and Paradiso) and Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony provides an analytic example of this comparative framework, since both authors challenge readers to question the imposition of authority and the logics that legitimate and justify dominant forms of governance. Yet Dante and Silko also draw on distinct articulations of sovereignty that suggest the limitations of decolonial and anticolonial praxis within a field bound to a Western episteme that underwrites colonial and imperial authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, it has been claimed that we live in a 'post-truth' age: a moment in history where the ideal of truth seems to have been abandoned. The prevailing attitude towards truth is not one of antagonism but of indifference. Should this bother us? If so, why? What might we mean by 'truth'? How is truth relevant to education? One thinker who can help us in addressing these questions is the Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard demonstrated a deep commitment to truth, not as an abstract idea but as a way of life. For Kierkegaard, a posture of indifference in facing the question of truth would have been abhorrent. One of the best known, but most frequently misunderstood, aspects of his work is his notion that truth is subjectivity. This stance needs to be carefully distinguished from a position, commonly expressed today, where truth is regarded as 'relative' or 'subjective'. Kierkegaard's concern is not so much with the notion of 'being subjective' as with becoming an existing subject. Some truths – notably, those connected with the question of existence – matter more than others, and education, it is argued in this paper, ought to have a stronger focus on such truths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complex relations between the Soviet Union and the Soviet states of the Caucasus that were formerly parts of the Ottoman and Persian empires offer examples of complex cultural and political relations of antagonism and appropriation that go beyond simple binaries of resistance or nationalist anti‐eurocentrism. Though their work is little known except to scholars in Slavic Studies, in the years following the Russian Revolution of 1917 Soviet Orientologists laid the foundations for the critique of Western Orientalism that would be introduced to the West many years later in 1978 by Edward W. Said. The Soviet critique of the imperialist foundations of Eurocentric culture and academic knowledge formed the basis for the huge World Literature publishing project pioneered by Maxim Gorky, an initiative which has been largely disregarded—both historically and theoretically—in the Western rediscovery of World Literature in the era of globalization. Similarly, Western postcolonial scholars have only recently begun to acknowledge the creative, cultural and political affiliations of Global South writers to internationalist organizations such as the Afro‐Asian Writers Association which was supported by the Soviet Union in the Cold War period and the importance of publications such as Lotus magazine. The books reviewed here demonstrate the degree to which histories of "postcolonialism" and the late Western critique of Orientalism have now been rewritten to acknowledge their sources in earlier critiques by Soviet scholars in the first half of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the artistic trajectory of the Scandinavian Bauhaus Situationists, also known as Drakabygget, and explores the shift from expressionist works to performative public actions. It suggests that rather than a rupture, these shifts represent a continuity that allows the group to promote expressionism's revolutionary potential through different formats, while navigating the conflicting impulses of empathy and antagonism within their larger aesthetic program.

In Mexican exterior relationships in the early twentieth century, two types of triangular relations existed: the balance between United States and Europe, and the antagonism between two powers in order to defend their economic and political interests. From the second kind, the French-German case is archetypal, because both were enemies, and they wanted to strengthen their trade and cultural relationships with Mexico. The triangle is interesting to know the presence of the Germans by the sight of the adversary: the French. The French observed the German activities in Mexico with attention, for the danger they represented for French cultural and commercial interests. Between 1925 and 1933, in spite of being a more peaceful time, the opposition between Germans and French remained. Therefore, it is important to consider the motives of competition in diplomatic, cultural and economic areas. It is also relevant to analyse how French perceived the Germans in Mexico, and what this illustrates about the links between Germany and Mexico, through trilateral relations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article sets out the contours of a Marxist hermeneutic approach to political economy. It begins by outlining how such a critique of political economy would function, with a particular emphasis on approaches which understand the discipline of economics as theory. It further claims that critique is over-reliant on the concept neoliberalism; that the categories proper to economic critique are value, time and space and that the innovation of a hermeneutic approach would be to reintroduce a sphere for antagonism through the analysis of the relationship of economic theory to value. To substantiate this argument, I offer an analysis of some important trends in recent scholarship on neoliberalism, notably the regulation school and the work of Wendy Brown. The article concludes by arguing that a reorientation towards value is timely and necessary, given the serious global recession precipitated by the Coronavirus and the economic reorganisation which will ensue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine instructional influences of students' task value. A total of 382 undergraduate students participated in this survey study. The data supported a mediated model in which instructor misbehaviors (i.e., antagonism and lecturing) indirectly decrease students' task value through the psychological responses of perceived immediacy and burnout. Therefore, findings of this study indicate that instructors who do not control their antagonism and lecturing behaviors may reduce the value that students see in the course they teach, ultimately hindering students' learning experience. This study highlights the need for instructional communication training and resources for instructors which could improve psychoemotional experiences for students and improve learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Right after the Finnish Civil War of 1918, the first treatises discussing the insurgents (the Reds) in crowd psychological terms were published. Between 1918 and the early 1920s, several Finnish authors used Gustave Le Bon's and other crowd psychologists' ideas of suggestion, mental epidemics, and the dangers of socialism in their interpretations of the aborted revolution. The article argues that the use of crowd psychology in the years following the Finnish Civil War was an attempt to articulate in objective, scientific language an emotional and moral reaction to the shock of seeing a nation violently divided and tearing itself apart. Intrinsic to Finnish interpretations of crowd psychology were the increasing antagonism between socialists and anti-socialists, the influence of Bolshevism on the worker's movement, the importance attributed to the 'racial' qualities of the people, and the impact of the Civil War on the educated classes – all issues that are easy to relate to wider European and global contexts. This article lends support to the thesis that crowd psychology was an influential intellectual construction that had great heuristic value among contemporaries from the late nineteenth century to World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Korea's persistent enmity towards its erstwhile colonizer Japan has been a compelling topic of East Asian international relations scholarship for decades. This article argues that the historical evolution of South Korea's democracy offers a vital and overlooked piece of this puzzle. Given that it emerged from one of the most virulently anti-communist dictatorships of the Cold War period, in a society facing an ongoing threat from communist North Korea, any left-of-center opposition movement faced an uphill battle against severe anti-communism. In such circumstances, the only way for a leftist opposition party to survive was by pitting its stronger anti-Japan reputation against conservatives' anti-communism. After South Korea's democracy stabilized, liberals tried and failed to overturn the anti-leftist institutions left over from the Cold War and then sought equilibrium through parallel rhetoric targeting pro-Japanese elements. Today, neither left nor right can afford to allow a final amicable settlement with its respective target of antagonism. Through analyses of domestic political rhetoric targeting alleged pro-Japanese or pro-communist elements, this paper demonstrates how these competing antagonisms achieved an uneasy equilibrium that undergirds South Korean political dynamics to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactic acid bacteria are used in various types of probiotic products. Due to the constantly growing probiotics market, new strains with pro-health properties are sought. The present study compared 39 strains of Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus, and Lactiplantibacillus, isolated from probiotic products and healthy people. The current research aimed to search for new, potentially probiotic strains. For this purpose the relationship between Lactobacillaceae strains was carried out; moreover, the basic properties of probiotic microorganisms, such as survival at low pH and bile salt environment, antibiotic susceptibility, aggregation and antagonism were estimated. The properties of these isolates were also compared with the properties of probiotic strains from the ATCC collection. In comparing the genetic relationship (PFGE method) between the tested isolates, it was observed that some of them show a high degree of similarity. All tested strains tolerated an environment with a pH value of 3.0, and the addition of 0.3% bile salt; showed auto-aggregation properties and displayed antagonism against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, the bacteria were susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin; the resistance to vancomycin depended on the bacteria type. All the properties were strain-depended. Most of the tested strains had properties comparable to the reference strains. Three L. acidophilus strains isolated from cervical swabs seem to be promising candidates for probiotic strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the legalization of the cannabis industry in the US, and point at the conflicted path through which this emerging industry has traversed. In particular, we highlight how this industry has navigated controversy to become one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The paper also offers a theoretical model that explains the role played by social movements to propel and shape early antagonism towards increasing protagonism. Evidence of the latter is seen in the form of cannabis laws passing at the state level in the US. We posit that resource mobilization and shaping effects were instrumental in laying the grounds for legalization. A detailed timeline of the legalization for over one and a half centuries (from 1840 to 2019) is also provided. Our synergistic approach integrates a historical perspective with social movement theory to address a relatively new and under examined phenomenon in the emerging US legal cannabis industry and ensuing ethical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies romanticism opens up new perspectives on the relationship between British Romanticism and the Industrial Revolution. Topics discussed including the dominance of a retrospective view entrenched in a notion of deep antagonism between industrialization and canonical Romanticism as a compensatory humanism, the Romantic component of nineteenth-century social criticism, and the rise of ecocriticism in the late 20th century.

The article analyzes three interconnected leitmotifs in Osip Mandelstam’s Tristia collection (1923): the antagonism of two anomalous suns; incest or other forms of sexual “crime”; and the dying city. I argue that the solar leitmotif derives from the theurgic concept of Vyacheslav Ivanov, which is concretized mythologically in the story of Phaedra’s love for her stepson Hippolytus; Mandelstam projects his fate onto his own position as a Russian poet and a Jew. An analysis of the biographical context surrounding the poem Eta noch' nepopravima (the death of the mother due to the father’s affair), and the subtexts of the poem Vernis' v smesitel'noe lono (from Gerhart Hauptmann’s work) lead to the conclusion that Mandelstam is drawing a distinction between two types of sexual aberration: a sexual drive originating from a senior and important figure, and a calculated affair originating from a junior, dependent figure. According to Mandelstam’s historiosophy, the first kind of aberration is ungodly, fraught with the reverse flow of time, which manifests itself in the destruction of cities (Sodom, Troy, etc.). Only the redemptory death of the theurgist, the object of the illicit passion, can prevent it. Aberrations of the second kind, however, are godly; they ensure the natural flow of historic time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the film "Parasite," highlighting its critical acclaim and commercial success. It explores the film's themes of parasitism from both biological and ethical perspectives, drawing on references from ancient Greek philosophy, Michel Serres, Nietzsche, and Dostoevsky.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pope Francis' recently imposed restrictions on the celebration of the Traditional Latin Mass need to be understood in relation to the emergence of a Traditional Latin Mass movement, that movement's antagonism toward the liturgical and ecclesial reforms of the Second Vatican Council, and important points of consistency in the efforts of various popes to safeguard the unity of the church. Those in the movement often offer valid points of critique, but in our present age of polarization they have become ever more an extremist group. They are encouraged to give up their devotion to a now antiquated form of worship, drop their oppositional attitudes, and function as an open-minded conservative movement of reform with the larger Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the analysis of young Marx of the phantasmagorical life which focus on capitalist digitization attends to the position of work and workers in the new technical conditions. Topics include analysis of online capitalism from the question of the consequences of its implementation for position of workers in antagonistic society; and German philosopher Karl Marx's theory illuminates capitalist technification as a process of technological determinism with critical thinking.

Copyright of Sociohistórica: Cuadernos del CISH is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on analyzing the ideological underpinnings of extractivism in Canada through a Lacanian and Žižekian lens, highlighting the intersections of settler colonialism, fossil capitalism and environmental conflict. Topics include the symbolic function of pipelines in perpetuating ideological fantasies, the ontological nature of antagonism in society and the role of psychoanalysis in revealing and critiquing hidden power dynamics within the symbolic order.

This article provides a comprehensive account of the transformation of Buddhist vegetarian discourse in the Republican era (1912-1949) through the lens of a set of Buddhist periodicals influenced by prominent figures, including Taixu (1890-1947), Yinguang (1862-1940), and Dixian (1858-1932). Having combed through relevant articles printed in these journals, I argue that Buddhist vegetarianism is infused with modern scientific language, particularly the Western biomedical concept of "hygiene," while it also retains the underlying reasoning of karmic retribution and Buddhist ethical arguments. Within a modern context, these authors proffered different yet not antagonistic reasoning to renew and legitimate the practice of vegetarianism. I further examine the case of Lü Bicheng (1883-1943) to demonstrate the potential fusion of diverse rationales regarding the vegetarian discourse under the broader international social and cultural order. Thus, the Republican Buddhists' endeavors resulted in a repertoire of rhetoric and arguments about vegetarianism, imbuing the practice with multilayered meanings ready for appropriation by later generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines three actions for the supervisor, student and examiner to introduce a level of anti-racist consciousness in the journey of the Fine Art Ph.D. The steps are intended as 'warm-ups' within and towards more comprehensive, longer term strategies for individuals, departments, faculties and universities, to nurture communities of anti-racist researchers and make UK HE anti-racist. Change takes time, negotiations are unfolding and my brushstrokes are broad. But if the heart of any Ph.D. endeavour is about the development of critical insight, not just by the student into a knowledge area or problem, but about their own position as autonomous researchers, not just within their fields but the wider HE sector and beyond, an actively anti-racist agenda must be integral. I wish to critique my own position as a non-White researcher who has signed up to the neo-liberal, 'post-race' university. I welcome feedback, and seek to lay the ground for further work by myself and others. This is my call for researchers in Fine Art and UK HE at large to step up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes Fred Moten's "antipolitical" romance with the "fugitive black sociality" that he radically opposes to "politics," defined as inescapably tied to antiblack modernity. By comparing Moten's argument to other voices in the black radical tradition, and by triangulating Moten with Hannah Arendt and Sheldon Wolin, this essay opens inherited conceptions of the political to risk and reworking but also complicates figurations of fugitivity and resists the antagonism Moten posits between black fugitivity and democratic politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on metaphors of mechanical containment, antagonism, and capital exchange inadequate with understanding of the meaning and mentions from- to movement in semantics in meaning achieved in language. Topics discussed include diastemic relation as analogous to retentissement, phenomenon of palmar grasp.

A literary criticism of the book "Biographia Literaria" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is presented. Topics include examines that it attacks what takes to be the problematic temporal premises of associationist philosophy, namely the problem of absolute contemporaneity and considered that Samuel Rowe writes about the antagonism between meter and voice in Coleridge, arguing convincingly that meter plays a super-egoic role in Coleridge.

The French health system has been structurally in crisis since the early 1980s. This crisis is reflected in the loss of legitimacy of the conventional Fordist vision of national solidarity, which is characterized by a “crisis of legitimacy.” The Fordist convention has the particularity of corresponding to a harmonious representation of social justice between the different orders (economic, political, and domestic) of social protection. Contemporary criticism of the health care system uses what was once the basis of institutionalized compromise between orders. The result is a new role for supplementary health insurance. This new role overturns the concept of solidarity that characterizes health policies. A new conventional vision is emerging: the liberal convention. This analysis focuses on the French case where complementary insurance has historically fulfilled solidarity missions. The new status of supplementary protection is accompanied by an unequal drift, which cannot be seen as the expression of a natural antagonism between economic efficiency and social justice. In France, expenditure has remained high while inequalities have increased. These limits have led the legislator to modify its policy by exempting certain patients from contributing to the financing of their own health expenditure. These sensitive adjustments are costly when the initial objective is to reduce expenditure and tend to generate new inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Varia História is the property of Varia Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article sheds light on aftermath of the First World War and microcosm that punctuates unprecedented violence of Great War and resulted mass death in France. Topics discussed include significance for la Grande Nation of corpse categorized missing or unidentifiable, antagonism between living memory and monumental history regarding les disparus, and landscape of First World War motion pictures.

Plants and their specialized flower visitors provide valuable insights into the evolutionary consequences of species interactions. In particular, antagonistic interactions between insects and plants have often been invoked as a major driver of diversification. Here we use a tropical community of palms and their specialized insect flower visitors to test whether antagonisms lead to higher population divergence. Interactions between palms and the insects visiting their flowers range from brood pollination to florivory and commensalism, with the latter being species that feed on decaying–and presumably undefended–plant tissues. We test the role of insect-host interactions in the early stages of diversification of nine species of beetles sharing host plants and geographical ranges by first delimiting cryptic species and then using models of genetic isolation by environment. The degree to which insect populations are structured by the genetic divergence of plant populations varies. A hierarchical model reveals that this variation is largely uncorrelated with the kind of interaction, showing that antagonistic interactions are not associated with higher genetic differentiation. Other aspects of host use that affect plant-associated insects regardless of the outcomes of their interactions, such as sensory biases, are likely more general drivers of insect population divergence. de Medeiros and Farrell test how insect-host interactions influence species divergence in phytophagous insects. Using ddRAD-seq data and hierarchical modelling, they demonstrate, surprisingly, that antagonistic interactions between insect and host do not lead to greater species diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of Ultramontanism and the political energy provided by Sacred Heart piety gave French Catholicism of the post-Commune era a militant posture, one that republican socialists saw as antagonistic to their political objectives. This article shows that socialists responded by emasculating their Catholic opponents. Drawing on the materialist tradition that emerged from the Enlightenment and Revolution, and highlighting the resignation and emotive nature of radical Catholic piety, republican socialists maintained that religious belief was evidence of inadequate virility. Speaking to the anxieties of the period, which included concerns about racial degeneration and the adequacy of France on the world stage, this gendering of epistemological convictions allowed socialists to argue for the exclusion of religion and the religious male from French politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even before the rise of nationalism and its counterpart anti-Semitism sensu stricto, anti-Judaic prejudices and stereotypes were widespread in the Christian Orthodox communities of the Ottoman Empire. These attitudes arose mainly from the commercial antagonism between the Christian and Jewish communities during the crisis that beset the empire from the seventeenth century onward. To examine these attitudes more closely, this article first focuses on the extreme anti-Judaic discourse in the sermons of eighteenth-century Father Cosmas Aitolos (Cosmas of Aetolia; d. 1779), an itinerant monk, who was canonized in 1961. It then turns to Rhigas Velestinlis's enlightened vision of a tolerant multi-ethnic, multi-religious republic, which gradually replaced the Sultan's oriental despotism, in which Jews, Muslims, and Christians were to be equal citizens. But this vision sank into oblivion, as the aspiration to national independence and to ethnical homogeneity prevailed in Greece, as well as everywhere in the Balkans. Although the early advocates of enlightened Greek nationalism embraced the language of citizenship and emancipation, they excluded from it the proviso of multi-ethnicity. Accordingly, they perceived the "Jewish Question" as one of gradually integrating a "foreign" religious minority into the Greek nation by "re-educating them in the values of Hellenism," in the words of Adamandios Korais (1748–1833), and according them full citizenship only in the generations to come. All three distinctive attitudes towards the Jews are traceable in subsequent ideological trends and conflicts in Modern Greece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the existing literature of citizenship studies, Hong Kong citizens are described as enterprising, depoliticized individuals. Such formulation, however, falls short in explaining the emergence and resilience of civil society activism from the mid-2000s, particularly the anti-extradition protests in 2019. This article re-examines Hong Kong's citizenship in the post-handover era from the perspective of developmental politics. We argue that Hong Kong's citizenship is the product of dynamic struggles between state and society over the city's development. After 2003, the state was driving Hong Kong towards national integration with Mainland China, and the civil society was responding to such integration with resistance and antagonism. As a result, Hong Kong's citizenship was politicized into highly contested forms of developmental citizenship. It remains uncertain as to whether and how Hong Kong's citizenship can be transformed to reconcile the state-society tensions over the city's future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tension between demands for more and "better" queer media representation and queer theory's antagonism toward identitarian politics has plunged the queer community into a debate about who and what can claim queerness. At one epicenter of this debate is the film Call Me by Your Name. Following Michael Warner's suggestion that a public can be analyzed as discourse produced in response to a text, in this article I examine the contradictory existence of the queer public through a discourse analysis of one of its most recent canonical texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antagonism towards diversity, an attitude reflecting low egalitarian ethical values, has been a topic within policing that has received increasing attention in the last decade. Using two-wave data and applying self-determination theory, we investigated how autonomy support versus autonomy frustration, ways of being motivated either through encouraging one's sense of volition, or otherwise, coercing and imposing pressures, can improve diversity attitudes through its relation with ethical values. Study 1 (n= 398 police officers and staff) found that autonomy-supportive communications fostered ethical values, and hence was negatively related to diversity antagonism. Study 2 (n= 859 police officers and staff) indicated that motivation to overcome prejudice mediates the relationship between ethical values and diversity antagonism. Perceptions of workplace culture as lacking in autonomy support acted as a boundary condition for the ethical values and diversity antagonism relationship; no relationship was present when autonomy support was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the divisive factionalism that riled Italian comuni in the late Duecento, the language of friendship dominated the vernacular poetry circulating in late medieval urban centers, particularly in tenzoni. In these disputatious exchange poems, vernacular authors frequently referred to one another as "amico," no matter what relationship they may have had with their interlocutors. The usage of the language of "amicizia" in these exchanges defies conventional praises of friendship, which would conceive of friendship as an unambiguous moral good. Instead, the ambivalent language of friendship in tenzoni reflects both the anxiety of duplicitous speech that plagued urban life and a hope for the salvation of the comune from partisan conflict. These tenzoni collectively propose a model of friendly antagonism, which, in its engagement even across ideological lines, strives to convert dispute from violent partisanship into a competitive joust in the game of honor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon his controversial and successful publication of Words of a Believer (1834), Lamennais became one of the most influential thinkers in Europe and America. Lamennais's other works, such as Modern Slavery, have received surprisingly less attention, considering that with it he made a re-description of the concept people and consequently of democracy. Lamennais's presentation of the antagonism between liberty and tyranny, between a few oppressors (privileged classes) and the majority of the oppressed (the people) turned him into a key reference for the democratic, republican, and socialist political cultures. We can then speak of a "Lamennais moment" as opposed to the "Guizot moment," which offered conflicting world views. This article combines an analysis of the translations and circulation of Modern Slavery in Spain and Latin America with the study of the new meanings of the concept people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]