Author: "ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)"' showing total 45 results

Start Over Author "ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)"

45 results on '"ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)"'

1. Effectiveness of an unprecedented decontamination program on river sediment and radioactive contaminant fluxes

Author: Rosalie Vandromme, Seiji Hayashi, Hideki Tsuji, Olivier Evrard, Thomas Grangeon, Valentin Landemaine, Patrick Laceby, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, Olivier Cerdan, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alberta Environm & Pk, Environm Monitoring & Sci Div, 3115-12 St NE, Calgary, AB, Canada, Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: In the current context of raising concerns related to nuclear accidents and warfare, the lessons learnt from the Fukushima accident in 2011 are of particular interest. Indeed, the Japanese authorities implemented an ambitious decontamination program, which strongly differs from the strategy adopted in Chernobyl where the most contaminated area remains closed to the population nowadays. However, the impact of this strategy on the dispersion of radioactive contaminant fluxes across mountainous landscapes exposed to typhoons remains to be quantified. Based on the unique combination of river monitoring and modelling in a catchment representative of the most impacted area in Japan, we could demonstrate for the first time that decontamination only led to a decrease of 17% of the radionuclide fluxes in the river system. Furthermore, we calculated that 67% of the initial radiocesium remains stored in forests and may contribute to radiocesium dispersion in river systems in response to future erosive events. As the current research was conducted in an area representative of the 1,117 km²-area where remediation was completed early in 2017, it raises questions about the overall sustainability and cost-benefit effectiveness of such a remediation program that generated 9,100,000 m3 of waste for a cost of ~12 billion USD. Only a limited proportion of the initial population returned to their hometown (~30% by 2019), which remains a major challenge for the future of this region, although the primary goal of authorities to decrease the radiation dose rates in the inhabited areas was achieved.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Saturation-excess overland flow in the European loess belt: An underestimated process?

Author: Valentin Landemaine, Olivier Cerdan, Thomas Grangeon, Rosalie Vandromme, Benoit Laignel, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, J. Patrick Laceby, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), and ANR-16-CE03-0008,RICOCHET,Évaluation multirisques de territoires côtiers en contexte de changement global(2016)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; A major challenge in runoff and soil erosion modelling is the adequate representation of the most relevant processes in models while avoiding over parameterization. In the European loess belt, progressive soil crusting during rainfall events, resulting in infiltration-excess runoff, is usually considered the dominant process generating runoff on catchments covered with silty soils. Saturation-excess may also occur and affect their runoff and erosion behavior. However, saturation-excess runoff occurrence and quantification have rarely been performed and is usually not taken into account when modelling runoff and erosion in these environments. Accordingly, a continuous simulation of the Austreberthe catchment (214 km2), located in the European loess belt (Normandy, France), was conducted with the new Water and Sediment (WaterSed) model over 12 years, corresponding to more than 780 individual rainfall events, at a 25 m spatial resolution.The inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of intense events per year and their distribution through the year. The model was properly calibrated over a representative set of 35 rainfall events, considering either infiltration-excess and/or saturation-excess runoff. It was also able to reproduce the measured runoff volume for most of the monitoring period. However, the three years with most rainfall were adequately modelled only including saturation-excess runoff. An analysis performed at the seasonal scale revealed that saturation was modelled in the catchment during almost all of the modelling period, suggesting the importance of this often overlooked process in current modelling attempts.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Innovative ICP-MS/MS Method To Determine the $^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs Ratio in Low Activity Environmental Samples

Author: Anaelle Magre, Beatrice Boulet, Helene Isnard, Sebastien Mialle, Olivier Evrard, Laurent Pourcelot, Laboratoire de métrologie de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LMRE), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude et d'expertise sur la radioactivité de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/LEREN), Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN), CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, France), CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France), JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) through the funding of collaboration projects (grant no. PRC CNRS JSPS 2019-2020, no.10, CNRS International Research Project – IRP – MITATE Lab), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, Panoply, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract: International audience; The $^{135}$Cs/$^{137}$Cs isotopic ratio is a powerful tool for tracing the origin of radioactive contamination. Since the Fukushima accident, this ratio has been measured by mass spectrometry in several highly contaminated environmental matrices mainly collected near nuclear accident exclusion zones and former nuclear test areas. However, few data were reported at $^{137}$Cs environmental levels (
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Selenium distribution and speciation in waters of pristine alpine lakes from central-western Pyrenees (France–Spain)

Author: Maïté Bueno, Bastien Duval, Emmanuel Tessier, Andrea Romero-Rama, Leire Kortazar, Luís Ángel Fernández, Alberto de Diego, David Amouroux, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), and European Project: EFA056/15,REPLIM
Subjects: Sulfates, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Selenic Acid, Selenious Acid, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Lakes, Selenium, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Spain, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem
Abstract: International audience; The speciation of both redox reactive and volatile selenium (Se) compounds, barely reported in pristine aquatic environments, has never been investigated in remote alpine lakes, considered as sensitive ecosystems to detect the effect of global change. This work presents an integrated investigation on Se distribution and speciation conducted in 20 high altitude pristine lakes from the central-western Pyrenees. Five seasonal sampling campaigns were carried out after snowmelt (June/July) and in early fall (October) for the period 2017–2019. Concentrations of total dissolved Se (TDSe) ranged from 7 to 78 ng L−1, with selenate being ubiquitously observed in most cases (median of 61% of TDSe). Selenite was only occasionally detected up to 4 ng L−1, therefore a fraction of TDSe was presumably in the forms of elemental Se(0) and/or selenides. Depth profiles obtained in different lakes showed the occurrence of such Se(−II, 0) pools in bottom hypoxic to anoxic waters. The production of volatile Se compounds presented a low median total concentration (TVSe) of 33 pg L−1 (range 3–120 pg L−1), mainly in the form of dimethylselenide in subsurface samples (median of 82% of TVSe). The Se concentration in lake waters was significantly correlated with the sulphate concentration (ρ = 0.93, p < 0.0001), demonstrating that it is influenced by erosion and dissolution of Se and S-enriched parent bedrocks. In addition, for Se depleted alpine lake-bedrock systems, long-range transport and wet atmospheric depositions represent a major source of Se for lake waters.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Dynamic parameterization of soil surface characteristics for hydrological models in agricultural catchments

Author: Thomas Grangeon, Rosalie Vandromme, Lai Ting Pak, Philippe Martin, Olivier Cerdan, Jean-Baptiste Richet, Olivier Evrard, Véronique Souchère, Anne-Véronique Auzet, Bruno Ludwig, Jean-François Ouvry, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The monitoring of the Bourville catchment was supported by the Seine Normandy Water Agency within the framework of the Pesticeros project.This work has been supported by the French State financial support managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), allocated in the 'Investissements d’Avenir' framework programme under reference ANR-11-RSNR-0002 (AMORAD project)., Elsevier, and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: Agricultural catchment, Runoff, Soil infiltration capacity, Model parameterization, Tillage operations, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Crops, Soil properties, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; The detrimental impacts of surface runoff and soil erosion, particularly in cultivated areas, call for the use of distributed runoff and soil erosion models with a view to supporting adapted catchment management strategies. However, runoff model parameterization remains challenging in agricultural catchments due to the high spatial and seasonal variability of soil properties. Data acquisition is demanding and may not always be feasible. Therefore, model parameterization in such environments have been the subject of numerous research efforts. The combined analysis of land use management and soil surface state was proposed in literature to address this issue and demonstrated its potential for runoff analysis and modelling. However, these research findings were related to specific rainfall sequences and/or soil surface state. In this study, existing knowledge on soil surface state and its application to runoff model parameterization were synthetized and included in an easy-to-use parameterization software (PREMACHE), providing a framework for modelers lacking of means and/or data for modelling complex agricultural catchments. To develop and evaluate the software, a dataset was acquired over 9 years on more than 110 plots in a 1045 ha agricultural catchment, including crop types, soil surface state, rainfall and runoff time series. Soil surface state dynamics was modeled based on crop types and daily rainfall. It was evaluated in the experimental catchment and validated in a nearby catchment. Soil hydrodynamic properties (e.g. infiltration capacity) were deduced from this framework and literature data at a daily time step, for each plots. Moreover, runoff events were measured when the modeled infiltration capacity was low, indicating that the parametrization adequately captured its temporal dynamics. The software developed in this study, as well as setup values deduced from the monitoring campaigns are provided with the manuscript for application in other ungauged catchments and explore their impact on agricultural catchment hydrological dynamics.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Ecosystem modelling in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Structure and functioning of a complex system

Author: Thomas Seyer, Daniela Bănaru, Sandrine Vaz, Tarek Hattab, Céline Labrune, Shawn Booth, Sabine Charmasson, Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRSNWINDSERVEPOCLECOBUniversité Bordeaux 1UPMCCNRSAgence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse (2010 0871)Agence des Aires Marines Protégées (2009-AAMP-16)Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (2020-03395), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-19-CE34-0001,CONTAMPUMP,Plancton: pompe biologique de contaminants dans les écosystèmes marins (CONTAMPUMP)?(2019), and ANR-10-IEED-0006,FEM,France Energies Marines(2010)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Ecopath, Trophic structure, Gulf of Lion, Modelling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Ecopath mass-balanced models are widely-used tools to address various challenges in the understanding and protection of ecosystems. To track the continuing improvements in data and the evolving environment (climate change, anthropic pressure), new models are regularly being developed. In this study, we built a Gulf of Lion Ecopath model, focused on the continental shelf, featuring enhanced representation of benthic invertebrates and a realistic assessment of catches, and which takes into account the significant changes observed after 2008–2009 in the trophic structure of this ecosystem as well as related changes in fisheries activities. The model is composed of 68 functional groups, including 6 primary producers, discards and detritus, 27 invertebrate groups, 31 fish groups, dolphins and seabirds. New datasets were taken into account for biomasses, as well as for diets. P/B and Q/B parameters were calculated to include the most recent and geographically closest data. Model results highlight a food web diagram, ranging over 5 trophic levels and placing Prionace glauca, Squalus acanthias and dolphins as top predators. The mixed trophic impact analysis showed that the groups with the highest accumulated negative impacts are, in decreasing order, benthic trawls, nets and carnivorous echinoderms. The groups with the highest accumulated positive impacts are, in decreasing order, detritus, microphytoplankton and nanoplankton. The flux analysis shows that a major part of the flows occurs at trophic level 2 with 35.1% of the model total throughput and 43.8% of the total biomass. The catches have a mean trophic level of 3.47, higher than in previous studies, reflecting the changes in the fisheries activities.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Impact of the 2019 typhoons on sediment source contributions and radiocesium concentrations in rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive plume, Japan

Author: Atsushi Nakao, J. Patrick Laceby, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, Cécile Asanuma-Brice, Roxanne Durand, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard, Seiji Hayashi, Olivier Cerdan, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kyoto Prefectoral University, Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, Catchment, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Source tracing, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment fingerprinting, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Nuclear accident, 6. Clean water, Plume, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Typhoon, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Cesium-137 (137Cs)
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 generated a 3000 km2 plume of soils heavily contaminated with 137Cs. Decontamination was completed early in 2019. Typhoon Hagibis was the first extreme event that occurred in the region after decontamination. Its impact on sediment sources and sediment 137Cs contamination was investigated through the application of a sediment fingerprinting procedure using spectrocolorimetry and geochemical properties. Sediment deposits (n=24) were collected in the Mano and Niida River catchments after the 2019 typhoons, and their signature was compared to that of potential sources (e.g., cropland, forests, and subsurface; n=57). Results demonstrate the dominance of cropland as the main source of sediment (mean: 54%) followed by forests (41%) with much lower contributions of subsurface material (5%). Overall, 137Cs concentrations in sediment were on average 84%–93% lower than the levels recorded after the accident in 2011, which demonstrates the effectiveness of cropland decontamination.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Impact of radiocesium contamination in flood sediment deposited after the 2019 typhoon on decontaminated fields of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Author: Ikumi Asano, Nodoka Harada, Atsushi Nakao, Olivier Evrard, Junta Yanai, Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MITATE Lab, and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Radiocesium, Flood sediment, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Decontaminated field, Panoply, Cesium-137 ( 137 Cs), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Fukushima, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Sediment that has deposited after the flood generated by the 2019 typhoon (referred to as Flood Sediment, FS) was collected along two rivers in eastern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to determine the total and exchangeable radiocesium (137 Cs), and acid-extractable potassium (K) contents. Then, these FS parameters were compared with those of decontaminated soils (DS) in nearby agricultural fields to discuss the potential transfer risk of 137 Cs from rivers to nearby remediated soils. While FS had about four times higher total 137 Cs content, it showed a three-times lower exchangeable 137 Cs content than DS. Furthermore, acid-extractable K referred to as non-exchangeable K (Nex-K) content was high enough to restrict 137 Cs transfer from soil to crops for both FS and DS. From these comparisons, we concluded that deposition of FS onto DS may not increase the transfer of 137 Cs from soil to crops.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. How to evaluate sediment fingerprinting source apportionments

Author: P. V. G. Batista, J. P. Laceby, O. Evrard, Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel], Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The support of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS International Research Project – IRP –MITATE Lab) Open access funding provided by University of Basel. This research was funded by the AMORAD project supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR], Programme des Investissements d’Avenir, grant no. ANR11-RSNR-0002). The support of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS, France) is also gratefully acknowledged (CNRS International Research Project – IRP –MITATE Lab)., and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Sediment tracing, Model testing, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Panoply, Artificial mixtures, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, MixSIAR, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sediment fingerprinting, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Purpose Evaluating sediment fingerprinting source apportionments with artificial mixtures is crucial for supporting decision-making and advancing modeling approaches. However, artificial mixtures are rarely incorporated into fingerprinting research and guidelines for model testing are currently lacking. Here, we demonstrate how to test source apportionments using laboratory and virtual mixtures by comparing the results from Bayesian and bootstrapped modeling approaches. Materials and methods Laboratory and virtual mixtures (n = 79) with known source proportions were created with soil samples from two catchments in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Soil samples were sieved at 63 µm and analyzed for colorimetric and geochemical parameters. The MixSIAR Bayesian framework and a bootstrapped mixing model (BMM) were used to estimate source contributions to the artificial mixtures. In addition, we proposed and demonstrated the use of multiple evaluation metrics to report on model uncertainty, residual errors, performance, and contingency criteria. Results and discussion Overall, there were negligible differences between source apportionments for the laboratory and virtual mixtures, for both models. The comparison between MixSIAR and BMM illustrated a trade-off between accuracy and precision in the model results. The more certain MixSIAR solutions encompassed a lesser proportion of known source values, whereas the BMM apportionments were markedly less precise. Although model performance declined for mixtures with a single source contributing greater than 0.75 of the material, both models represented the general trends in the mixtures and identified their major sources. Conclusions Virtual mixtures are as robust as laboratory mixtures for assessing fingerprinting mixing models if analytical errors are negligible. We therefore recommend to always include virtual mixtures as part of the model testing process. Additionally, we highlight the value of using evaluation metrics that consider the accuracy and precision of model results, and the importance of reporting uncertainty when modeling source apportionments.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Temporal evolution of plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios in the Ukedo - Takase Rivers draining the Difficult-To-Return zone in Fukushima, Japan (2013–2020)

Author: Aurélie Diacre, Thomas Chalaux Clergue, Soazig Burban, Caroline Gauthier, Amélie Hubert, Anne-Claire Humbert, Irène Lefevre, Anne-Laure Fauré, Fabien Pointurier, Olivier Evrard, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: Flood sediment deposits, Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Radiocesium, General Medicine, 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Toxicology, Pollution, Panoply
Abstract: International audience; In 2011, the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident released significant quantities of radionuclides into the environment. Japanese authorities decided to progressively reopen the Difficult-To-Return Zone after the decontamination of priority reconstruction zones. These areas include parts of the initially highly contaminated municipalities located to the north of the FDNPP, including Namie Town, an area drained by the Ukedo and Takase Rivers. Eleven years after the accident, research focused on the spatial distribution of plutonium (Pu) and radiocesium (Cs) isotopes at contrasted individual locations. To complement previous results, the current research was conducted on flood sediment deposits collected at the same locations after major flooding events during eleven fieldwork campaigns organised between 2013 and 2020 at the outlet of the Ukedo and Takase Rivers (n = 22).The results highlighted a global decrease of the Pu and 137Cs contents in sediment with time during the abandonment phase in the region, from 2013 (238.20 fg g−1) to 2020 (4.28 fg g−1). Furthermore, based on the analysis of the 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios, the plutonium transiting these rivers (range: 0.166 – 0.220) essentially originated from the global fallout (0.180 ± 0.014 (Kelley et al., 1999)). Sediment showed contrasted properties in the two investigated rivers, which is likely mainly the result of the occurrence of Ogaki Dam on upper sections of the Ukedo River as it strongly impacts the material supply from this river to the Pacific Ocean. A statistical analysis highlighted the strong correlation between Pu activity concentrations and 137Cs activities in both rivers, confirming that both radionuclides are transported with a similar pathway. Despite it was detected early after the accident (2011–2013), the current research demonstrates that plutonium originating from FDNPP is no longer detected in these rivers draining the Difficult-To-Return Zone at the onset of the reopening of the area to its former inhabitants.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Spatial Variability of Organic Matter and Phosphorus Cycling in Rhône River Prodelta Sediments (NW Mediterranean Sea, France): a Model-Data Approach

Author: Karline Soetaert, Bruno Lansard, Karima Khalil, Gaël Monvoisin, Khalid Elkalay, Bruno Bombled, Françoise Andrieux-Loyer, Fatima Ezzahra Ait Ballagh, Christophe Rabouille, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Pélagique (PELAGOS), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the INSU/EC2CO-MissRhoDia project and the CEDoc cooperation research project between Morocco and France., ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Unité Dyneco, Laboratoire Pelagos, and Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, ne River prodelta, Modelling, 12. Responsible consumption, Mediterranean sea, Dissolved organic carbon, River mouth, Mediterranean Sea, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phosphorus, Rh&#244, Rhône River prodelta, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Sediment
Abstract: The Mediterranean Sea (MS) is a large oligotrophic sea whose productivity is sensitive to riverine nutrient inputs. More specifically, phosphorus (P) river supply is crucial for the MS, with an important role of the estuarine/deltaic filter especially for the storage and recycling in sediments. A benthic dataset from the Rhône River prodelta was used to derive P budgets, by means of an early diagenetic model including the benthic P cycle. The model was fitted to pore water profiles of oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, dissolved inorganic carbon, ammonium, oxygen demand units, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and solid data (organic carbon (OC), Fe-bound P, Ca-bound P and organic P). Results indicated that the intensity of biogeochemical processes occurring below the sediment–water interface decreased from the river mouth to the adjacent continental shelf with decreasing integrated rates of OC mineralization (160–10 mmol m−2 day−1). The organic P mineralization was intense near the river mouth and decreased offshore (1196–80 μmol m−2 day−1). Its contribution to DIP release was large (> 90%). Fe-bound P had a key role in transferring P to deeper layers. These deltaic sediments played an important role as a source of regenerated DIP. A significant part of DIP was recycled to the overlying waters (72–94%), representing 25% of the riverine DIP discharge. Simultaneously, 6–28% of DIP produced in sediments was buried as Ca-bound P. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of deltaic sediments as an additional source of DIP to the coastal sea, and a minor but permanent sink of phosphorus as solid P burial.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: I. Spatial and seasonal variations

Author: François Rigal, Florence Pannier, Manuel Nicolas, Frederic Coppin, Yves Thiry, Maïté Bueno, Isabelle Le Hécho, Marine Roulier, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-Inorganique et Environnement (LCABIE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, Oceans and Seas, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Speciation, Rain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Cesium, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Spatial distribution, Iodine, 01 natural sciences, Climatic conditions, Atmosphere, Selenium, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Climatic Conditions, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Oceanic climate, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Pollution, 020801 environmental engineering, Caesium, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, France, Seasons, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of atmospheric iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) depositions remain unclear and this precludes adequate inputs for biogeochemical models. We quantified total concentrations and fluxes of these elements in rainfalls from 27 monitoring sites in France with contrasted climatic conditions; monthly measurements were taken over one year (starting in 2016/09). Since speciation of I and Se can impact their behaviour in the environment, analysis of their inorganic compounds was also conducted. Our results showed that annual I concentrations in rainfall were much higher than those of Se and Cs (annual means = 1.56, 0.044 and 0.005 μg L-1, respectively). The annual iodine concentrations were highly positively correlated with those of marine elements (i.e. Na, Cl and Mg), involving higher I concentrations under oceanic climate than for transition, continental and mountainous ones. Furthermore, common patterns were found between Se concentrations and both marine and terrestrial components consistent with the various sources of Se in atmosphere. The association of Cs with two anthropogenic components (i.e. NH4+ and NO3-) used in agriculture supports the hypothesis of its terrestrial origin (i.e. from atmospheric dusts) in rainfall. We found higher rainfall concentrations of I during the warmest months for all climates. However, no specific seasonal trend occurred for Se and Cs. On annual average, rainfall contained mostly unidentified selenium compounds (inorganic Se proportions = 25-54%) and equal proportions of inorganic and unidentified I compounds. Concentrations of iodate were higher under oceanic climate consistent with an iodine marine-origin. We thank the technical staff of RENECOFOR-ONF for providing samples for this study as well as datasets other than those for iodine, selenium and caesium. This work was financed by the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche with funds allocated in the Investissements d'Avenir' framework program under the reference ANR11-RSNR-0002. The authors thank Vicki Moore for English language assistance. The authors would like to thank Guy Pernot from the computer graphics Unit of Andra for his help in maps edition. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Radionuclide contamination in flood sediment deposits in the coastal rivers draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (2011–2020)

Author: Rosalie Vandromme, Hugo Lepage, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Atsushi Nakao, Olivier Evrard, Caroline Chartin, Olivier Cerdan, Hugo Jaegler, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity of Fukushima University (IER), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de recherche sur les transferts des radionucléides dans les écosystèmes aquatiques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA), Service de recherche sur les transferts et les effets des radionucléides sur les écosystèmes (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SRTE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire d'expertise, de radiochimie et de chimie analytique (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME/LERCA), Service d'analyses et de métrologie de l'environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SAME), MITATE lab, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Radioactivity - Fukushima University (IER), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SAME/LERCA, and MITATE Lab
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Radionuclide contamination, GE1-350, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radionuclide, QE1-996.5, Flood myth, Radioactive waste, Sediment, Geology, Plume, Current (stream), Environmental sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: Artificial radionuclides including radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and radiosilver (110mAg) were released into the environment following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. These particle-bound substances deposited on soils of north-eastern Japan, located predominantly within a ∼3000 km2 radioactive fallout plume and drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean. The current dataset (Evrard et al., 2021), which can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928594, compiles gamma-emitting artificial radionuclide activities measured in 782 sediment samples collected from 27 to 71 locations across catchments draining ∼6450 km2 during 16 fieldwork campaigns. These campaigns were conducted in Japan between November 2011 and November 2020 in river catchments draining the main radioactive plume. This database may be useful to evaluate and anticipate the post-accidental redistribution of radionuclides in the environment and for the spatial validation of models simulating the transfer of radiocesium across continental landscapes.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Tissue localization of selenium of parental or dietary origin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry using LA-ICP MS bioimaging

Author: Pierre-André Geraert, Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Pauline Wischhusen, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Benoit Fauconneau, Sadasivam Kaushik, Mickael Briens, Germain Vallverdu, Sandra Mounicou, Maïté Bueno, Carine Arnaudguilhem, Brice Bouyssiere, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adisseo France SAS, F-92160 Antony, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Aquitaine Region [AQUITRACES project n°20131206001-13010973], I-site E2S: Energy and Environmental Solutions from the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour, and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, food.ingredient, Offspring, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Broodstock, Aquaculture, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Selenium, Animal science, food, Dietary Sodium, La icp ms, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Yolk, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Selenomethionine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Metals and Alloys, Total body, Animal Feed, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Oncorhynchus mykiss, Dietary Supplements, Rainbow trout, Female, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: In relation to the decrease of selenium (Se) content in aquafeeds, the impact of level and form of parental and dietary Se supplementation was investigated in rainbow trout fry using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP MS) bioimaging. The offspring of rainbow trout broodstock, fed either a control diet without any Se supplementation (0.3 mg Se/kg diet) or a diet supplemented with Se (0.6 mg Se/kg diet) either as sodium selenite or hydroxy-selenomethionine, were sampled at swim-up fry stage or after 11 weeks of cross-feeding. Total body Se levels were influenced by parental Se nutrition in swim-up fry and by direct Se feeding in 11-week fry with higher levels in the Se-supplemented groups compared with the control and the highest levels in the hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment. The Se retention was lower for dietary sodium selenite. Selenomethionine levels increased when Se was provided as hydroxy-selenomethionine. LA-ICP MS maps revealed yolk in swim-up fry and intestine, liver, and kidney in 11-week fed fry as tissues with high Se abundance. In swim-up fry, muscle Se was the highest abundant when parents were fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. In 11-week fed fry, muscle Se abundance was higher in the head part of fry fed both Se-supplemented diets, but only in the tail part of fry fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. Liver Se abundance was higher in fry fed sodium selenite compared with the control diet supporting the hypothesis that tissue Se distribution can be influenced by parental and dietary Se forms and levels.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Shoreline Extraction from WorldView2 Satellite Data in the Presence of Foam Pixels Using Multispectral Classification Method

Author: Minghelli, Audrey, Spagnoli, Jérôme, Lei, Manchun, Chami, Malik, Charmasson, Sabine, Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal et Image (SIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire sciences et technologies de l'information géographique (LaSTIG), Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris (EIVP)-École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel (UNIV GUSTAVE EIFFEL), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), ANR: 11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: shoreline, high resolution satellite images, classification, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Science, WorldView-2, multispectral, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, foam, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Foam is often present in satellite images of coastal areas and can lead to serious errors in the detection of shorelines especially when processing high spatial resolution images (
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Strategies and effectiveness of land decontamination in the region affected by radioactive fallout from the Fukushima nuclear accident: A review

Author: Olivier Evrard, Atsushi Nakao, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), PRC CNRS-JSPS, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Fukushima Nuclear Accident, radiocesium, Environmental remediation, Radioactive fallout, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Human decontamination, nuclear accident, 15. Life on land, Contamination, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil contamination, Incineration, law.invention, FDNPP, Japan, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, law, Nuclear power plant, remediation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, caesium-137, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. Accordingly, the Japanese authorities decided to conduct extensive remediation activities in the impacted region to allow for the relatively rapid return of the local population. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan, focussing on particle-bound radiocesium. In the Fukushima Prefecture, the decision was taken to decontaminate the fallout-impacted landscapes in November 2011 for the 11 municipalities evacuated after the accident (Special Decontamination Zones – SDZ, 1117 km2) and for the 40 non-evacuated municipalities affected by lower, although still significant, levels of radioactivity (Intensive Contamination Survey Areas, 7836 km2). Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ~ 75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid the renewed supply of contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of remediation activities. Although the impact of decontamination on the radioactive dose rates for the local population remains a subject of debate in the literature and in the local communities, outdoor workers in the SDZ represent a group of the local population that may exceed the long-term dosimetric target of 1 mSv yr−1. Decontamination activities generated ~ 20 million m3 of soil waste by early 2019. The volume of waste generated by decontamination may be decreased through incineration of combustible material and recycling of the less contaminated soil for civil engineering structures. However, most of this material will have to be stored for ~ 30 years at interim facilities opened in 2017 in the close vicinity of the FDNPP before being potentially transported to final disposal sites outside of the Fukushima Prefecture. Further research is required to investigate the perennial contribution of radiocesium from forest sources. In addition, the re-cultivation of farmland after decontamination raises additional questions associated with the fertility of remediated soils and the potential transfer of residual radiocesium to the plants. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesize the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if a similar catastrophe occurs somewhere on Earth in the future.
Published: 2019

17. Method for detecting and characterising actinide-bearing micro-particles in soils and sediment of the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Author: Jaime F. Angulo, Anne-Laure Fauré, Nina M. Griffiths, Hugo Jaegler, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Evrard, Agnes Moureau, Fabien Pointurier, Olivier Marie, Amélie Hubert, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire de Radiotoxicologie (LRT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Soil test, actinide-bearing particles, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Nuclear power plant, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, mass spectrometry, Micro particles, 010401 analytical chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, Actinide, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Plume, Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Actinides in the environment, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Solid State Nuclear Track Detector, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, microscope characterisation
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident released limited amounts of actinides on soils of Japan. Characterisation of these particles is essential to determine the fate of actinides in the environment. The method presented in this paper, based on α-tracks detections, microscope observations and mass-spectrometry measurements, was designed to identify and characterize actinide-bearing particles in soil samples. The method was tested on a road dust sample collected in the main radioactive plume of the Fukushima region. Accordingly, α-tracks detection was demonstrated to provide a powerful technique to localise these particles and prepare their morphological, elemental and isotopic characterization.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Reconstruction of uranium and plutonium isotopic signatures in sediment accumulated in the Mano Dam reservoir, Japan, before and after the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author: Silvia Diez-Fernández, Hugo Jaegler, Amélie Hubert, Fabien Pointurier, Alkiviadis Gourgiotis, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Seiji Hayashi, Hideki Tsuji, Hélène Isnard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), CEA/DAM, CEA/DEN, PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), The collection and the analysis of the sediment samples were funded by the TOFU (ANR-11-JAPN-001) and the AMORAD (ANR-11-RSNR-0002) projects, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR, Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Hugo Jaegler received a PhD fellowship from the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives). The authors are grateful to the Fukushima Agricultural Technology Centre for providing the soil samples collected before the FDNPP accident. This work is IRSN Paterson platform contribution number 2., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de recherche sur le devenir des pollutions de sites radioactifs (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI), Service des déchets radioactifs et des transferts dans la géosphère (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEDRE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Japan, law, Radiation Monitoring, Nuclear power plant, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Radionuclide, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Uranium, Pollution, Plutonium, 020801 environmental engineering, Actinides in the environment, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Major actinide, Cesium Radioisotopes, Nuclear Power Plants, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in Japan resulted in a major release of radionuclides into the environment. Compared to other radionuclides, few studies have investigated the fate of actinides in the environment. Accordingly, this research investigates the Pu composition in soil samples collected in paddy fields before and after the accident. Furthermore, the vertical distributions of Pu and U isotopic signatures, along with 137Cs activities, were measured in a sediment core collected in the Mano Dam reservoir, in the Fukushima Prefecture. Changes in the relative contributions of the major actinide sources (global fallout or FDNPP derived fallout) were investigated in sediment deposited in the reservoir. The distinct peak observed for all Pu isotope ratios (240Pu/239Pu, 241Pu/239Pu and 242Pu/239Pu) and for 137Cs concentrations in the sediment core was attributed to the Fukushima fallout, and coincided with the maximum atomic contribution of only 4.8 ± 1.0% of Pu from the FDNPP. Furthermore, 236U/238U ratios measured in the sediment core remained close to the global fallout signature indicating there was likely no U from the FDNPP accident detected in the sediment core. More research is required on the environmental dynamics of trace actinides in landscapes closer to the FDNPP where there are likely to be greater abundances of FDNPP-derived Pu and U.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Environmental DNA provides information on sediment sources: A study in catchments affected by Fukushima radioactive fallout

Author: Olivier Evrard, Yuichi Onda, Jérôme Poulenard, Ludovic Gielly, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Irène Lefèvre, Sylvain Huon, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tsukuba, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM)
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Japan, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Environmental Chemistry, Dominance (ecology), Environmental DNA, Waste Management and Disposal, Subsoil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Hydrology, Carbon Isotopes, Topsoil, Nitrogen Isotopes, Flood myth, Land use, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Sediment, DNA, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Carbon, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; An excessive supply of sediment is observed in numerous rivers across the world where it leads to deleterious impacts. Information on the sources delivering this material to waterbodies is required to design effective management measures, and sediment tracing or fingerprinting techniques are increasingly used to quantify the amount of sediment derived from different sources. However, the current methods used to identify the land use contributions to sediment have a limited discrimination power. Here, we investigated the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) to provide more detailed information on the plant species found in sediment source areas as a next generation fingerprint. To this end, flood sediment deposits (n = 12) were collected in 2017 in two catchments impacted by the Fukushima radioactive fallout along differing river sections draining forests, cropland or a mix of both land uses. Conventional fingerprints (i.e. fallout radionuclides and organic matter properties) were also measured in these samples. The conventional fingerprint model results showed that most sediment samples contained a dominant proportion of subsoil material. Nevertheless, the eDNA information effectively discriminated the three above-mentioned groups of sediment, with the dominance of tree, shrub and fern species in sediment sampled in rivers draining forests versus a majority of grass, algae and cultivated plant species in sediment collected in rivers draining cropland. Based on these encouraging results, future research should examine the potential of eDNA in mixed land use catchments where the contribution of topsoil to sediment dominates and where the cultivation of land has not been abandoned in order to better characterize the memory effect of eDNA in soils and sediment.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Using spectrocolourimetry to trace sediment source dynamics in coastal catchments draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (2011-2017)

Author: Roxanne Durand, Olivier Evrard, Anthony Foucher, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Tales Tiecher, Olivier Cerdan, Virginie Sellier, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ACCIDENT, SOURCE DISCRIMINATION, ADSORPTION, Environmental remediation, CONTAMINATED PARTICULATE MATTER, Stratigraphy, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Colour, FDNPP, DISPERSION, RADIOCESIUM, MANAGEMENT, Subsoil, Sediment fingerprinting, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, Topsoil, Sediment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, DEPTH DISTRIBUTION, 15. Life on land, PREFECTURE, Plume, SOILS, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, Soil erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Purpose Spectrocolourimetric measurements provide a relatively inexpensive, quick and non-destructive alternative to the analysis of geochemical and organic matter properties. When used in the analysis of sediments and their potential sources, these colour parameters may provide important information on the dominant processes (i.e. erosion) occurring in the Critical Zone. Here, they are used to investigate whether eroded sediment is derived from forest (i.e. natural), cultivated (i.e. anthropogenic) or subsoil sources in order to assess their potential to monitor the effect of decontamination in regions impacted by fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. Materials and methods Fifteen spectrocolourimetric properties (L*, a*, b*, C*, h, x, y, z, L, a, b, u*, v*, u', v') were measured in potential source (n = 37) and sediment (n = 400) samples collected during 13 campaigns from 2011 to 2017 after major flood events in two catchments (total surface area of 450 km(2)) draining the main FDNPP radioactive pollution plume. Potential sources included topsoil from forest and cultivated sources along with subsoil material originating from landslides, channel banks and the decontamination of cultivated areas. The optimum set of parameters used in the mixed linear model to calculate the sediment source contributions was obtained through the use of a range test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test and a linear discriminant analysis. Results and discussion Nine selected colour parameters correctly classified 100% of the source samples (i.e. forest, subsoil and cultivated sources). The results illustrate that cultivated landscapes were the main source of sediment to these river systems (mean 56%, SD 34%) followed by subsoil (mean 26%, SD 16%) and forest sources (mean 21%, SD 24%). However, these contributions varied strongly over time, with a peak of subsoil contributions (mean 57%, SD 17%) in Fall 2015, coinciding with the occurrence of a typhoon after the remediation works. These results were consistent with monitoring studies conducted in the same area that showed the major impact of typhoon Etau in September 2015 on sediment and radiocaesium fluxes. Conclusions These original results demonstrate that spectrocolourimetric measurements may contribute to the routine monitoring of the effectiveness of remediation works in this post-accidental context. Owing to the inexpensive, rapid and non-destructive analyses, spectrocolourimetric-based tracing methods have significant potential to provide information on the dominant erosion processes occurring in the Critical Zone.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: a review

Author: Atsushi Nakao, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Science Division of Alberta (EMSD), Alberta Government, Kyoto Prefectural University, projet ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD, Amélioration des modèles de prévision de la dispersion et d’évaluation de l’impact des radionucléides au sein de l’environnemen, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Environmental remediation, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Soil Science, Human decontamination, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, Soil contamination, 12. Responsible consumption, law.invention, Incineration, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, law, Environmental protection, Nuclear power plant, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Dose rate, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the contamination of Japanese landscapes with radioactive fallout. Accordingly, the Japanese authorities decided to conduct extensive remediation activities in the impacted region to allow for the relatively rapid return of the local population. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the decontamination strategies and their potential effectiveness in Japan, focussing on particle-bound radiocesium. In the Fukushima Prefecture, the decision was taken to decontaminate the fallout-impacted landscapes in November 2011 for the 11 municipalities evacuated after the accident (Special Decontamination Zone – SDZ – 1117 km2) and for the 40 non-evacuated municipalities affected by lower, although still significant, levels of radioactivity (Intensive Contamination Survey Areas, 7836 km2). Decontamination activities predominantly targeted agricultural landscapes and residential areas. No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover ∼75 % of the main fallout-impacted region. Research investigating the effectiveness of decontamination activities underlined the need to undertake concerted actions at the catchment scale to avoid renewed contamination from the catchment headwaters after the completion of remediation activities. Although the impact of decontamination on the radioactive dose rates for the local population remains a subject of debate in the literature and in the local communities, outdoor workers in the SDZ represent a group of the local population that may exceed the long-term dosimetric target of 1 mSv yr−1. Decontamination activities generated ∼20 million m3 of soil waste by early 2019. The volume of waste generated by decontamination may be decreased through incineration of combustible material and recycling of the less contaminated soil for civil engineering structures. However, most of this material will have to be stored for ∼30 years at interim facilities opened in 2017 in the vicinity of the FDNPP before being potentially transported to final disposal sites outside of the Fukushima Prefecture. Further research is required to investigate the perennial contribution of radiocesium from forest sources. In addition, the re-cultivation of farmland after decontamination raises additional questions associated with the fertility of remediated soils and the potential transfer of residual radiocesium to the plants. Overall, we believe it is important to synthesise the remediation lessons learnt following the FDNPP nuclear accident, which could be fundamental if a similar catastrophe occurs somewhere on Earth in the future.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Rainfall erosivity in catchments contaminated with fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Caroline Chartin, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Yuichi Onda, L. Garcia-Sanchez, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, 010501 environmental sciences, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Tropics, Sediment, Storm, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, Environmental science, Tropical cyclone, Surface runoff
Abstract: The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in the fallout of significant quantities of radiocesium over the Fukushima region. After reaching the soil surface, radiocesium is quickly bound to fine soil particles. Thereafter, rainfall and snowmelt run-off events transfer particle-bound radiocesium downstream. Characterizing the precipitation regime of the fallout-impacted region is thus important for understanding post-deposition radiocesium dynamics. Accordingly, 10 min (1995–2015) and daily precipitation data (1977–2015) from 42 meteorological stations within a 100 km radius of the FDNPP were analyzed. Monthly rainfall erosivity maps were developed to depict the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall erosivity for catchments entirely contained within this radius. The mean average precipitation in the region surrounding the FDNPP is 1420 mm yr−1 (SD 235) with a mean rainfall erosivity of 3696 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1 (SD 1327). Tropical cyclones contribute 22 % of the precipitation (422 mm yr−1) and 40 % of the rainfall erosivity (1462 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1 (SD 637)). The majority of precipitation (60 %) and rainfall erosivity (82 %) occurs between June and October. At a regional scale, rainfall erosivity increases from the north to the south during July and August, the most erosive months. For the remainder of the year, this gradient occurs mostly from northwest to southeast. Relief features strongly influence the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity at a smaller scale, with the coastal plains and coastal mountain range having greater rainfall erosivity than the inland Abukuma River valley. Understanding these patterns, particularly their spatial and temporal (both inter- and intraannual) variation, is important for contextualizing soil and particle-bound radiocesium transfers in the Fukushima region. Moreover, understanding the impact of tropical cyclones will be important for managing sediment and sediment-bound contaminant transfers in regions impacted by these events.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Investigating the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment in two Fukushima coastal catchments with sediment tracing techniques

Author: Sophie Ayrault, Philippe Bonté, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, Yuichi Onda, Jean-Louis Joron, Hugo Lepage, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Coastal plain, Drainage basin, Sediment, Soil classification, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Deposition (geology), 13. Climate action, Soil water, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Alluvium, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident resulted in the fallout of significant quantities of radiocesium. After deposition on the soil surface, rainfall and spring flood events transfer radiocesium downstream. Identifying the source of contaminated sediment is important for managing potential downstream radiocesium contamination. Soil (n = 37) and sediment (n = 211) were sampled from November 2011 to May 2014 in the Mano and the Niida coastal catchments. Two sediment fingerprinting approaches quantified the source of radiocesium contaminated sediment. First, cesium-137 activities in surface soil and sediment samples were modelled to determine the contribution of upstream, more contaminated areas, to sediment transiting the more densely populated coastal plain. Second, elemental geochemistry of three major soil types (zs, Cambisols and Fluvisols) was used to model the relative contribution of these soils to sediment sampled throughout the catchments. In the Niida catchment, 47% (σ 19%) of sediment sampled in the coastal plain was modelled to be derived from the upstream area whereas, it was only 19% (σ 19%) in the Mano catchment. The main factor driving this difference is the presence of a large dam on the main stem of the Mano River. Geochemical modelling results indicated that Fluvisols, an alluvial soil type on which paddy fields are typically cultivated, supply the majority of sediment (μ 76, σ 14%). The results confirm that the management of dams is fundamental to radiocesium migration. Moreover, this research indicates that Fluvisols and concomitantly, rice paddies on this soil type, supply a disproportionate amount of sediment. Managing sediment derived from Fluvisols, while incorporating potential impacts from major dams, should help mitigate the downstream migration of radiocesium contaminated sediment.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. A new method for determining 236U/238U isotope ratios in environmental samples by means OF ICP-MS/MS

Author: Olivier Evrard, Anthony Nonell, Carole Bresson, Frédéric Chartier, Hélène Isnard, Hugo Jaegler, Fabien Pointurier, Amélie Hubert, Silvia Diez-Fernández, Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Uranium-236, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Radioactive contamination, Uranium oxide, MC-ICP-MS, Fukushima, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, spectral interferences, Isotopes of uranium, Isotope, Hydride, 010401 analytical chemistry, ICP-MS/MS, Uranium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 16 environmental samples, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotope ratio is a widely used tracer, which provides information on source identification forsafeguard purposes, nuclear forensic studies and environmental monitoring. This paper describes an originalapproach to determine $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratios, below 10$^{−8}$, in environmental samples by combination of ICP-MS/MS for $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U ratio and multiple collector ICPMS measurements for $^{235}$U/$^{238}$U and $^{234}$U/$^{235}$U isotope ratios.Since the hydride form of U$^+$ (UOH$^+$) is less prone to occur than UH$^+$, we were focused on the oxidisedforms of uranium in order to reduce hydride based-interferences in ICP-MS/MS. Then, in-cell ion-moleculereactions with O$_2$ and CO$_2$ were assessed to detect the uranium isotopes in mass-shift mode (Q1: U$^+$ → Q2:UO$^+$). The performances in terms of UO$^+$ sensitivity and minimisation of hydride form of UO$^+$ were evaluatedusing five different desolvating systems. The best conditions, using an Apex $\Omega$ or an Aridus system, produceduranium oxide hydride rate ($^{235}$U$^{16}$O1H$^+$/$^{235}$U$^{16}$O+) of about 10$^{-7}$ with O$^2$ in the collision cell.The method was validated through measurements of two certified IRMM standards with $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U isotoperatio of 1.245×10$^{17}$ and 1.052×10$^{-8}$, giving results in agreement with certified reference values. The relativestandard deviations on seven independent measurements for each standard were respectively of 1.5% and6.2%. Finally, environmental samples corresponding to sediments from the radioactive contamination plumeemitted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident were analysed after a well-established uraniumchemical separation procedure. $^{236}$U/$^{238}$U atomic ratios between 1.5×10$^{-8}$ and 7×10$^{-9}$ were obtained with a level accuracy lower than 20%.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Quantifying the contribution of subsurface sediment sources using spectrocolorimetry: A case study in coastal catchments exposed to Fukushima radioactive fallout, Japan

Author: Evrard, Olivier, Durand, Roxanne, Sellier, Virginie, Laceby, J., Onda, Yuichi, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The accident that occurred at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011 resulted in the formation of a radioactive pollution plume on soils of Northeastern Japan. Among the emitted radionuclides, radiocesium (including Cs-137) is the most problematic substance over the medium to long term, because of its abundance and its relatively long half-life. The soils heavily contaminated with Cs-137 are drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean, and extensive soil erosion occurring during typhoons may lead to the significant redistribution of these particle-bound radionuclides. To prepare the return of the local populations in the most contaminated areas, the Japanese authorities carried out remediation works consisting in the removal of the 5-cm topsoil layer heavily contaminated with Cs-137. Accordingly, the application of an alternative sediment tracing technique based on the measurement of spectrocolorimetry parameters was investigated to quantify the effectiveness of remediation. These measurements were conducted using a portable diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta 2600d) between 360 and 740 nm, with a 10-nm resolution. Potential sources samples corresponded to (i) topsoil collected under forests or paddy fields before remediation works, and (ii) subsoil material originating from channel bank/landslide erosion, or collected in paddy fields after decontamination. Sediment samples consisted of fine material deposited in the main river channel after the main floods and were systematically collected at the same locations every six months, between 2011–2017, in the Mano and Niida River catchments, Fukushima Prefecture. The results showed that the contribution of subsoil to sediment strongly varied across space and throughout time, reflecting the significant impact of decontamination works and the continuous ‒ although minor ‒ contribution of landslides as a perennial source of material transiting rivers in this region of the world. The impact of particle size is discussed through the comparison of measurements conducted on both
Published: 2018

26. Plutonium isotopic signatures in soils and their variation (2011-2014) in sediment transiting a coastal river in the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Author: Hugo Jaegler, Maëva Cirella, Yuichi Onda, Fabien Pointurier, Amélie Hubert, Olivier Evrard, J. Patrick Laceby, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Panoply, Soil, Japan, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Radionuclide, Sediment, General Medicine, Contamination, Pollution, Plutonium, Plume, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nuclear Power Plants, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Environmental science, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted in a significant release of radionuclides that were deposited on soils in Northeastern Japan. Plutonium was detected at trace levels in soils and sediments collected around the FDNPP. However, little is known regarding the spatial-temporal variation of plutonium in sediment transiting rivers in the region. In this study, plutonium isotopic compositions were first measured in soils (n = 5) in order to investigate the initial plutonium deposition. Then, plutonium isotopic compositions were measured on flood sediment deposits (n = 12) collected after major typhoon events in 2011, 2013 and 2014. After a thorough radiochemical purification, isotopic ratios ($^{240}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu, $^{241}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu and $^{242}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu) were measured with a Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (MC ICP-MS), providing discrimination between plutonium derived from global fallout, from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, and plutonium derived from the FDNPP accident. Results demonstrate that soils with the most Fukushima-derived plutonium were in the main radiocaesium plume and that there was a variable mixture of plutonium sources in the flood sediment samples. Plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios generally decreased between 2011 and 2014, reflecting the progressive erosion and transport of contaminated sediment in this coastal river during flood events. Exceptions to this general trend were attributed to the occurrence of decontamination works or the remobilisation of contaminated material during typhoons. The different plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios obtained on three aliquots of a single sample suggest that the Fukushima-derived plutonium was likely borne by discrete plutonium-containing particles. In the future, these particles should be isolated and further characterized in order to better understand the fate of this long-lived radionuclide in the environment.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Dissolved Organic Matter Controls Seasonal and Spatial Selenium Concentration Variability in Thaw Lakes across a Permafrost Gradient

Author: Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Liudmila S. Shirokova, R. M. Manasypov, Maïté Bueno, David Amouroux, Jan Karlsson, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-CESA-0011,Arctic Metals,Devenir des éléments métalliques en régions arctique et sub-arctique: exposition des écosystèmes et des populations nordiques(2011), Blanc, Sylvie, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, and Contaminants et Environnements : Métrologie, santé, Adaptabilité, Comportements et Usages - Devenir des éléments métalliques en régions arctique et sub-arctique: exposition des écosystèmes et des populations nordiques - - Arctic Metals2011 - ANR-11-CESA-0011 - CESA - VALID
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Peat, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Permafrost, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Thermokarst, Selenium, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, geography.geographical_feature_category, Arctic Regions, Biota, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 15. Life on land, Siberia, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Lakes, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Boreal, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Physical geography, Seasons
Abstract: International audience; Little is known about the sources and processing of selenium, an important toxicant and essential micronutrient, within boreal and sub-arctic environments. Upon climate warming and permafrost thaw, the behavior of Se in northern peatlands becomes an issue of major concern, because a sizable amt. of Se can be emitted to the atm. from thawing soils and inland water surfaces and exported to downstream waters, thus impacting the Arctic biota. Working toward providing a first-order assessment of spatial and temporal variation of Se concn. in thermokarst waters of the largest frozen peatland in the world, we sampled thaw lakes and rivers across a 750-km latitudinal profile. This profile covered sporadic, discontinuous, and continuous permafrost regions of western Siberia Lowland (WSL), where we measured dissolved (
Published: 2018

28. Tracing the sources and dynamics of contaminated sediment in coastal rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive fallout plume using gamma-emitting radionuclides and carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes (2011-2017)

Author: Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Lefèvre, Irène, Jaegler, Hugo, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Cerdan, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, and Great Tohoku Earthquake - Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima - - TOFU2011 - ANR-11-JAPN-0001 - JAPON - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Fieldwork was conducted every 6 months between 2011 and 2017 to monitor the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (~500 km²). Fine sediment was systematically collected at the same locations (n=47) and analysed for gamma-emitting radionuclides (including 137Cs and 110mAg). A selection of samples was also analysed for carbon/nitrogen concentrations and isotopes. Organic matter analyses showed that paddy fields provided the main source of contaminated sediment to the rivers shortly after the accident. The spatial variations of the 110mAg:137Cs activity ratio in soils were used to demonstrate the very rapid export of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. However, this tool could only be used during the first campaigns, because of the quick decay of 110mAg. Overall, radiocesium concentrations measured in sediment deposits decreased by ~90% between 2011 and 2017. This may be explained by remediation works, by a massive export of material during typhoons and by the occurrence of landslides or channel bank erosion that supply material sheltered from the Fukushima fallout to the river network. Consequently, 6 years after the accident, most of the residual radioactive contamination is found in forests and in dam reservoirs. The analysis of sediment cores collected in a reservoir confirmed the significant storage of contaminated material in these lakes and that paddy fields provided their main source. Ongoing research focuses on the development of a soil erosion model and on the quantification of the impact of remediation works.
Published: 2018

29. Origin of remineralized organic matter in sediments from the Rhone River prodelta (NW Mediterranean) traced by Δ14C and δ13C signatures of pore water DIC

Author: Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Jens Rassmann, Bruno Lansard, Peter van Breugel, Lara Pozzato, Christophe Rabouille, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR: 11-RSNR-0002,(AMORAD 1) AMORAD,Sureté nucléaire, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Biogéochimie, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 ( LMC14 - UMS 2572 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire ( IRSN ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Netherlands Institute of Ecology ( NIOO ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic signature, River delta, Rhone River, Dissolved organic carbon, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, Sediment, Geology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Radiocarbon, 6. Clean water, Sediment organic matter, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone
Abstract: Rivers are important links between continents and oceans by transporting terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM) to continental shelf regions through estuaries or deltas and the Mediterranean basin is a good example of this strong linkage. In the vicinity of river mouths, an important fraction of the terrestrial POM settles on the seafloor, sometimes mixed with marine POM, where both can be recycled or buried. In the Rhone River prodelta, previous studies have investigated the origin of the POM in the sediments. They pointed at the large fraction of terrestrial POM in the sediments and the transition to older POM fractions in offshore direction. These studies suggested that terrestrial POM could be an important food source for benthic heterotrophic organisms in this area. In this study, the δ13C and Δ14C signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and DIC:NH4+ ratio in sediment pore water have been measured along a nearshore-offshore transect. The data were compared with available datasets concerning isotopic signature and C:N of the POM in bottom waters and suspended particles from the Rhone River and sediments from its delta, in order to determine which fraction of the POM is actually mineralized. Our results show that a fraction of terrestrial POM corresponding to riverine plankton is preferentially mineralized. Indeed, 13C-depleted riverine POM (δ13C = −25 to −27‰) which is enriched with 14C (Δ14C = +400 to +500‰) and shows a C:N < 8 gets mostly mineralized. This isotopic signature differs from that of sediment POM which highlights the selective mineralization already observed in other river deltas. In the Mediterranean context with large human influence in river watersheds such as dam building, our results highlight the importance of riverine primary production versus eroded organic matter in coastal carbon budgets.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Tracking the origin and dispersion of contaminated sediments transported by rivers draining the Fukushima radioactive contaminant plume

Author: Yuichi Onda, Hugo Lepage, Ayrault Sophie, Olivier Evrard, Caroline Chartin, Philippe Bonté, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, enrichment factor, radio-caesium, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, soil, Spring (hydrology), [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Fukushima, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Sediment, General Medicine, erosion, 6. Clean water, Plume, lcsh:Geology, sediment, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, Erosion, Enrichment factor, Geology
Abstract: This study was conducted in several catchments draining the main Fukushima Dai-ichi Power Plant contaminant plume in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. We collected soils and sediment drape deposits (n = 128) and investigated the variation in 137Cs enrichment during five sampling campaigns, conducted every six months, which typically occurred after intense erosive events such as typhoons and snowmelt. We show that upstream contaminated soils are eroded during summer typhoons (June–October) before being exported during the spring snowmelt (March–April). However, this seasonal cycle of sediment dispersion is further complicated by the occurrence of dam releases that may discharge large amounts of contaminants to the coastal plains during the coming years.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. The impact of typhoons on sediment connectivity: lessons learnt from contaminated coastal catchments of the Fukushima Prefecture (Japan)

Author: Chartin, Caroline, Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi, Ottlé, Catherine, Lefevre, Irène, Cerdan, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: flooding, soil erosion, storm events, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, radiocesium 16, sediment contamination, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
Abstract: International audience; Sediment connectivity characterizes the physical transfer of sediment through different geomorphic compartments in catchments due to sediment detachment, transport and deposition. Quantifying and modelling sediment connectivity is therefore a key prerequisite to improving our understanding of the dispersion of particle-borne contaminants, especially in catchments exposed to highly erosive climates. The objective of this study is to provide novel insights into typhoon impacts on sediment connectivity from hillslopes to rivers. The dispersion of particle-bound caesium-137 (Cs-137) was investigated in two coastal catchments draining the main contamination plume from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Five sampling campaigns were carried out from November 2011 to November 2015, after each typhoon season. The spatial and temporal evolution of Cs-137 contamination was investigated through the calculation of Cs-137 enrichment ratios in sediment relative to nearby soils. Rainfall erosivity (EI30) associated with the main typhoons that occurred prior to each sampling campaign were computed, mapped, and finally used to improve a topographic-based index of connectivity. From 2011 to 2015, mean contamination levels in Mano and Niida catchments decreased from 11.9kBqkg(-1) to 3.3kBqkg(-1) and from 34.1kBqkg(-1) to 8.0kBqkg(-1), respectively. Regional mean EI30 ranged from 262MJmmha(-1)h(-1) for typhoon Jelawat (in 2012) to 1695MJmmha(-1)h(-1) for typhoon Roke (in 2011). Typhoons Roke (2011) and Etau (2015) showed the highest connectivity from contaminated sources to the rivers, and induced a significant export of sediment to the ocean. In 2013 a slight increase in Cs-137 levels in river sediments occurred, likely resulting from initial decontamination works and the occurrence of two consecutive typhoons. Importantly, this research provides new insights into the connectivity of the main sources of sediments contaminated with radiocaesium in Fukushima Prefecture and their temporal evolution, which will help with ongoing decontamination efforts.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Quantifying the dilution of the radiocesium contamination in Fukushima coastal river sediment (2011–2015)

Author: Yoshifumi Wakiyama, Hugo Jaegler, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Evrard, Irène Lefèvre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity - Fukushima University (IER), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Article, Tributary, Radioactive contamination, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Human decontamination, Contamination, 6. Clean water, Plume, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: Fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident resulted in a 3000-km2 radioactive contamination plume. Here, we model the progressive dilution of the radiocesium contamination in 327 sediment samples from two neighboring catchments with different timing of soil decontamination. Overall, we demonstrate that there has been a ~90% decrease of the contribution of upstream contaminated soils to sediment transiting the coastal plains between 2012 (median – M – contribution of 73%, mean absolute deviation – MAD – of 27%) and 2015 (M 9%, MAD 6%). The occurrence of typhoons and the progress of decontamination in different tributaries of the Niida River resulted in temporary increases in local contamination. However, the much lower contribution of upstream contaminated soils to coastal plain sediment in November 2015 demonstrates that the source of the easily erodible, contaminated material has potentially been removed by decontamination, diluted by subsoils, or eroded and transported to the Pacific Ocean.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Modelling the dilution of radioactive contamination in sediment transiting Fukushima coastal rivers (2011-2015)

Author: Evrard, O., Laceby, Patrick J., Onda, Yuichi, Wakiyama, Yoshifumi, Lefèvre, Irène, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institute of Environmental Radioactivity - Fukushima University (IER), Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan], ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

34. Using radiosilver and plutonium isotopes to trace the dispersion of contaminated sediment in Fukushima coastal catchments

Author: Evrard, Olivier, Pointurier, Fabien, Onda, Yuichi, Laceby, J., Lepage, Hugo, Chartin, Caroline, Cirella, Maëva, Pottin, Anne-Claire, Hubert, Amélie, Lefevre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 resulted in a 3000-km² radioactive pollution plume consisting predominantly of radiocesium ($^{137}$Cs and $^{134}$Cs). This plume is drained by several rivers to the Pacific Ocean after flowing through less contaminated, but densely inhabited coastal plains. As the redistribution of radionuclide contaminated sediment could expose the local population to higher radiation rates, novel fingerprinting methods were developed to trace the downstream dispersion of contaminated sediment. First, the heterogeneous deposition of metastable silver-110 ($^{110m}$Ag) across these coastal catchments was used to investigate sediment migration. In particular, the $^{110m}$Ag/ $^{137}$Cs activity ratio was measured in soils and river sediment demonstrating the occurrence of a seasonal cycle of soil erosion during typhoons and spring snowmelt in 2011 and 2012. However, due to the rapid decay of 110m Ag (half-life of 250 days), alternative methods were required to continue tracking sediment from 2013 onwards. One promising method includes the analyses of plutonium isotopes to further understand sediment migration in the Fukushima region. For example, $^{241}$Pu/ $^{239}$Pu atom ratios measured in sediment collected in Fukushima coastal rivers shortly after the accident were shown to be significantly higher (0.0017-0.0884) than corresponding values attributed to the global fallout (0.00113 $\pm$ 0.00008). Additional analyses were conducted on sediment sampled in 2013 and 2014 after the start of decontamination works. These analyses show that the $^{241}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu atom ratios decreased towards the global fallout values in rivers draining decontaminated paddy fields, demonstrating the effectiveness of remediation works.
Published: 2015

35. Traçage de la dispersion et du stockage des sédiments contaminés par les retombées de l’accident nucléaire de Fukushima dans les bassins versants côtiers japonais

Author: Evrard, Olivier, Lepage, Hugo, Chartin, Caroline, Laceby, J., Onda, Yuichi, Lefevre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Cerdan, Olivier, Pointurier, Fabien, Hubert, Amélie, Pottin, Anne-Claire, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; L’accident qui a frappé la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima Dai-ichi en mars 2011 a conduit aux rejets de radionucléides les plus importants dans l’environnement depuis l’accident de Tchernobyl. Même si des traces de ces retombées ont été enregistrées dans le monde entier au cours des semaines qui ont suivi l’accident, la majorité des radionucléides qui se sont déposés en milieu continental se sont fixés sur les sols de plusieurs bassins versants côtiers de la Préfecture de Fukushima, au Japon. Les radionucléides les plus problématiques, de par leur activité et leur période radioactive, sont le césium-134 (Cs-134) et le césium-137 (Cs-137). Ces émetteurs gamma présents en abondance dans les sols peuvent en effet conduire à l’irradiation externe des personnes qui y sont exposées. Ils peuvent également être ingérés avec les particules qui les ont fixés par les organismes vivants et conduire à la contamination de la chaîne alimentaire. Les bassins les plus touchés (dont les sols présentaient des activités initiales en Cs-137 comprises entre 100–2000 kBq/m²) occupent une surface de ~ 520 km². Ils drainent les montagnes contaminées et traversent ensuite une plaine côtière relativement épargnée par les retombées radioactives initiales, mais densément peuplée et cultivée, avant de rejoindre l’Océan Pacifique. Dans cet environnement où l’érosion des sols est particulièrement marquée, des archives sédimentaires ont pu être collectées dès les années qui ont suivi l’accident. Les barrages et le chenal endigué des rivières constituent autant de réceptacles potentiels des particules contaminées par les retombées de l’accident. La situation est contrastée entre, d’une part, les barrages où une observe une diminution progressive de la contamination de la base vers le sommet des séquences sédimentaires et, d’autre part, le chenal des rivières où les niveaux de contamination dépendent de la hauteur atteinte par les crues lors des typhons plus ou moins violents qui ont frappé la région depuis 2011.En dépit de son statut de polluant problématique au vu des concentrations qu’il atteint dans l’environnement, le césium-137 n’en reste pas moins un traceur qui permet d’améliorer notre compréhension des transferts sédimentaires dans les bassins versants soumis à la fois à des crues printanières et à des typhons estivaux. Ainsi, l’utilisation de modèles de mélange binaires utilisant la distribution du Cs-137 dans les zones fortement ou, au contraire, peu contaminées par cette substance dans les bassins versants permet de montrer l’importance des lâchers de barrage et du cycle saisonnier des précipitations et des crues pour expliquer le transfert de contamination vers le Pacifique. À l’avenir, la détection d’autres substances comme celle des isotopes du plutonium émis par l’accident de Fukushima et présentant une signature différente de celle des retombées associées aux essais des bombes atmosphériques des années 1960 devrait permettre de continuer à tracer ces apports et de mettre en évidence, le cas échéant, leur arrivée et leur migration dans l’Océan Pacifique.
Published: 2015

36. Tracking the dispersion of particle-borne radioactive contamination along coastal rivers of Fukushima Prefecture (2011-2014)

Author: Evrard, Olivier, Onda, Yuichi, Lepage, Hugo, Pointurier, Fabien, Chartin, Caroline, Laceby, J., Pottin, Anne-Claire, Hubert, Amélie, Lefevre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Bonté, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident that occurred in March 2011 led to the formation of a 3000-km² radioactive pollution plume and resulted in the fallout consisting predominantly of of radiocesium ($^{137m}$Cs and $^{134}$Cs) on soils located up to 70 km to the northwest of the damaged site. This mountainous region is drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean, and original sediment fingerprinting methods had to be developed to track the dispersion of contaminated sediment across these coastal catchments. Sediment fingerprinting based on the heterogeneous deposition of metastable silver-110 ($^{110m}$Ag) across the investigated catchments was shown to provide relevant information on the dispersion of contaminated sediment. Based on the measurement of the $^{110m}$Ag: $^{137}$Cs activity ratio in soils and river sediment, we demonstrated the occurrence of a seasonal cycle of soil erosion during typhoons followed by sediment export in rivers during the subsequent spring snowmelt in 2011 and 2012. However, due to the rapid decay of $^{110m}$Ag (half-life of 250 days), alternative methods had to be developed to continue tracking sediment from 2013 onwards. We therefore used local ground dose rate and $^{241}$Pu/$^{239}$Pu atom ratio measurements to further document this dispersion. We thereby demonstrated that, although overall sediment contamination decreased two years after the accident, decontamination of paddy fields led to the local supply of contamination to the rivers. Ongoing work is focused on the development of a sediment fingerprinting technique based on geochemical properties characterizing the different soil types found in the region. In future, we expect that the contaminated sediment stored in river channels and reservoirs will represent a significant management challenge for local authorities.
Published: 2015

37. Rainfall erosivity in the Fukushima Prefecture: implications for radiocesium mobilization and migration

Author: Laceby, J., Chartin, Caroline, Degan, Francesca, Onda, Yuichi, Evrard, Olivier, Cerdan, Olivier, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), Evrard, Olivier, and AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011 led to the fallout of predominantly radiocesium ($^{137}$Cs and $^{134}$Cs) on soils of the Fukushima Prefecture. This radiocesium was primarily fixated to fine soil particles. Subsequently, rainfall and snow melt runoff events result in significant quantities of radioce-sium being eroded and transported throughout the coastal catchments and ultimately exported to the Pacific Ocean. Erosion models, such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), relate rainfall directly to soil erosion in that an increase in rainfall one month will directly result in a proportional increase in sediment generation. Understanding the rainfall regime of the region is therefore fundamental to modelling and predicting long-term radiocesium export. Here, we analyze rainfall data for ∼40 stations within a 100 km radius of the FDNPP. First we present general information on the rainfall regime in the region based on monthly and annual rainfall totals. Second we present general information on rainfall erosivity, the R-factor of the USLE equation and its relationship to the general rainfall data. Third we examine rainfall trends over the last 100 years at several of the rainfall stations to understand temporal trends and whether ∼20 years of data is sufficient to calculate the R-factor for USLE models. Fourth we present monthly R-factor maps for the Fukushima coastal catchments impacted by the FDNPP accident. The variability of the rainfall in the region, particularly during the typhoon season, is likely resulting in a similar variability in the transfer and migration of radiocesium throughout the coastal catchments of the Fukushima Prefecture. Characterizing the region's rainfall variability is fundamental to modelling sediment and the concomitant radiocesium migration and transfer throughout these catchments and ultimately to the Pacific Ocean.
Published: 2015

38. Depth distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima paddy fields three years after the accident

Author: Lepage, Hugo, Laceby, J., Evrard, Olivier, Onda, Yuichi, Lefèvre, Irène, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Rice paddy fields located in the vicinity of the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) were contaminated by radioactive fallout from the March 2011 accident. Although many studies have investigated the fate of radiocesium in soil in the months following the accident, the potential migration of radiocesium in rice paddy fields requires further examination after major typhoons occurred in this region in 2011 and 2013. Further investigations are also required because paddy fields are typically comprised of Andosols, a soil type in which radiocesium has been known to potentially migrate deeper in the depth profile. To investigate the depth migration of radiocesium we collected soil cores in 10 paddy fields located less than 20 km from the FDNPP in November 2013. The maximum depth penetration of 137Cs was attributed to field maintenance (e.g. grass cutting) (97% of 137Cs in the upper 5-cm) and farming operations (tillage/cultivation-83% of 137Cs in the upper 5-cm). The low migration observed in undisturbed paddy fields could be attributed to the presence of phyllosilicates that were detected by X-ray diffraction in Andosols. As radiocesium is mainly located in the uppermost soil layers, we recommend the rapid removal of these upper layers (e.g. the top 5 cm) to reduce radiocesium export during erosive events such as the major typhoons known to impact the region. Further research is required to thoroughly understand the impacts of erosion on the transfer and migration of radiocesium throughout the Fukushima Prefecture.
Published: 2015

39. Tracing the dispersion of contaminated sediment with plutonium isotope measurements in coastal catchments of Fukushima Prefecture

Author: Evrard, Olivier, Pointurier, Fabien, Onda, Yuichi, Chartin, Caroline, Hubert, Amélie, Lepage, Hugo, Pottin, Anne-Claire, Lefevre, Irène, Bonté, Philippe, Laceby, Patrick, Ayrault, Sophie, Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM.RADIO] Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident led to important releases of radionuclides into the environment, and trace levels of plutonium (Pu) were detected in northeastern Japan. However, measurement of Pu isotopic atom and activity ratios is required to differentiate between the contributions of global nuclear test fallout and FDNPP emissions. In this study, we measured Pu isotopic ratios in recently deposited sediments along rivers draining the most contaminated part of the inland radioactive plume. To this end, we carried out a thorough chemical purification and concentration of Pu from sediment samples (5 g dry material) and precise isotopic measurements using a double-focusing sector field ICP-MS. Results showed that the entire range of measured Pu isotopes (i.e. 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, and 242Pu) were detected in all samples, although in extremely low concentrations. The 241Pu/239Pu atom ratios measured in sediment deposits (0.0017-0.0884) were significantly higher than the corresponding values attributed to the global fallout (0.00113±0.00008 on average in the Northern Hemisphere between 31 •-71 • N). The results indicated the presence of Pu from FDNPP, in slight excess compared to the Pu background from global fallout, representing up to ca. 60% of Pu in the analyzed samples. These results demonstrate that this radionuclide has been transported relatively long distances ([U+F07E]45 km) from FDNPP and deposited in rivers representing a potential source of Pu to the ocean.
Published: 2015

40. Radiocesium transfer from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident: A review

Author: Olivier Cerdan, Yuichi Onda, Sophie Ayrault, Hugo Lepage, J. Patrick Laceby, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), This work has been supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the framework of AMORAD project (ANR-11-RSNR-0002)., ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Tsukuba
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cesium, Context (language use), [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 7. Clean energy, Deposition (geology), Modelling, Soil, Japan, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Radiation Monitoring, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Fukushima, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, Hydrology, Radionuclide, Pacific Ocean, Sediment, General Medicine, Vegetation, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, 16. Peace & justice, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, Cesium Radioisotopes, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, Soil water, Environmental science, Surface runoff
Abstract: International audience; The devastating tsunami triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 inundated the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) resulting in a loss of cooling and a series of explosions releasing the largest quantity of radioactive material into the atmosphere since the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Although 80% of the radionuclides from this accidental release were transported over the Pacific Ocean, 20% were deposited over Japanese coastal catchments that are subject to frequent typhoons. Among the radioisotopes released during the FDNPP accident, radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) is considered the most serious current and future health risk for the local population.The goal of this review is to synthesize research relevant to the transfer of FDNPP derived radiocesium from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean. After radiocesium fallout deposition on vegetation and soils, the contamination may remain stored in forest canopies, in vegetative litter on the ground, or in the soil. Once radiocesium contacts soil, it is quickly and almost irreversibly bound to fine soil particles. The kinetic energy of raindrops instigates the displacement of soil particles, and their bound radiocesium, which may be mobilized and transported with overland flow. Soil erosion is one of the main processes transferring particle-bound radiocesium from hillslopes through rivers and streams, and ultimately to the Pacific Ocean. Accordingly this review will summarize results regarding the fundamental processes and dynamics that govern radiocesium transfer from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean published in the literature within the first four years after the FDNPP accident.The majority of radiocesium is reported to be transported in the particulate fraction, attached to fine particles. The contribution of the dissolved fraction to radiocesium migration is only relevant in base flows and is hypothesized to decline over time. Owing to the hydro-meteorological context of the Fukushima region, the most significant transfer of particulate-bound radiocesium occurs during major rainfall and runoff events (e.g. typhoons and spring snowmelt). There may be radiocesium storage within catchments in forests, floodplains and even within hillslopes that may be remobilized and contaminate downstream areas, even areas that did not receive fallout or may have been decontaminated.Overall this review demonstrates that characterizing the different mechanisms and factors driving radiocesium transfer is important. In particular, the review determined that quantifying the remaining catchment radiocesium inventory allows for a relative comparison of radiocesium transfer research from hillslope to catchment scales. Further, owing to the variety of mechanisms and factors, a transdisciplinary approach is required involving geomorphologists, hydrologists, soil and forestry scientists, and mathematical modellers to comprehensively quantify radiocesium transfers and dynamics. Characterizing radiocesium transfers from hillslopes to the Pacific Ocean is necessary for ongoing decontamination and management interventions with the objective of reducing the gamma radiation exposure to the local population.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Novel Insights into Fukushima Nuclear Accident from Isotopic Evidence of Plutonium Spread along Coastal Rivers

Author: Amélie Hubert, Sophie Ayrault, Yuichi Onda, Caroline Chartin, Fabien Pointurier, Anne-Claire Pottin, Hugo Lepage, Philippe Bonté, J. Patrick Laceby, Irène Lefèvre, Olivier Evrard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre Georges Lemaître for Earth and Climate Research [Louvain] (TECLIM), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), CEA (Direction des Relations Internationales) and UVSQ (Bonus de Qualité Internationale) grants., ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Fukushima Nuclear Accident, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, Japan, Rivers, Radiation Monitoring, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radioisotopes, Radionuclide, Pacific Ocean, Isotope, Radiochemistry, Sediment, General Chemistry, Plutonium, 0104 chemical sciences, Plume, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Global distribution, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Nuclear Power Plants, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry
Abstract: International audience; The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident led to important releases of radionuclides into the environment, and trace levels of plutonium (Pu) were detected in northeastern Japan. However, measurement of Pu isotopic atom and activity ratios is required to differentiate between the contributions of global nuclear test fallout and FDNPP emissions. In this study, we used a double-focusing sector field ICP-MS to measure Pu atom and activity ratios in recently deposited sediment along rivers draining the most contaminated part of the inland radioactive plume. Results showed that plutonium isotopes (i.e., 239 Pu, 240 Pu, 241 Pu, and 242 Pu) were detected in all samples, although in extremely low concentrations. The 241 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratios measured in sediment deposits (0.0017-0.0884) were significantly higher than the corresponding values attributed to the global fallout (0.00113±0.00008 on average for the Northern Hemisphere between 31°-71°N, Kelley, J.M.; Bond, L.A.; Beasley, T.M., Global distribution of Pu isotopes and 237 Np, Sci. Total. Env., 1999, 237/238, 483-500). The results indicated the presence of Pu from FDNPP, in slight excess compared to the Pu background from global fallout that represented up to ca. 60% of Pu in the analyzed samples. These results demonstrate that this radionuclide has been transported relatively long distances (∼45 km) from FDNPP and been deposited in rivers representing a potential source of Pu to the ocean. In future, the high 241 Pu/ 239 Pu atom ratio of the Fukushima accident sourced-Pu should be measured to quantify the supply of continental-originating material from Fukushima Prefecture to the Pacific Ocean.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Relevance and use of the $^{110m}$: $^{137}$Cs activity ratio for tracking the dispersion of radioactive sediment within Fukushima coastal catchments

Author: Lepage, Hugo, Evrard, Olivier, Onda, Yuichi, Chartin, Caroline, Lefèvre, Irène, Bonté, Philippe, Ayrault, Sophie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Large quantities of fallout radionuclides emitted during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident were deposited on Japanese soils, thereby leading to the formation of a 3000 km$^2$ contamination plume. Because they are strongly sorbed by fine particles, those radionuclides are likely to be redistributed by hydrosed-imentary processes across catchments. As Ag-110m: Cs-137 activity ratio showed a variation in soils across the main plume, we investigated the behaviour of Silver-110 metastable (Ag-110m) and compared it to the one of the more documented radiocesium (Cs-137) to check whether this ratio may be used to track the dispersion of contaminated sediment. We analysed soil and sediment drape deposits (i.e. mud drapes deposited on channel bed sand in rivers) within coastal catchments draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima Prefecture (Japan). Several field experiments were also conducted to document radiosilver behaviour in the terrestrial environment. Results show a similar and low mobility for both elements in soils and a strong affinity with the clay fraction. Measurements conducted on sediment sequences accumulated in reservoirs tend to confirm a comparable migration and deposition of both radionuclides even after their redistribution due to erosion and deposition processes. Use of a simple mixing model based on Ag-110m: Cs-137 activity ratio values in both soil and sediment demonstrated the strong reactivity of catchments to the succession of summer typhoons and spring snowmelt. We identified a two stage sediment export cycle with (1) a partial export of contaminated sediment from inland mountain ranges-exposed initially to the highest radionuclide fallout-to the coastal plains in summer and autumn after the occurrence of violent typhoons, and (2) an amplification of the sediment flush during the spring snowmelt. Our results suggest that this contamination export cycle will continue during the next years or decades as large quantities of contaminated material are being stored in reservoirs of the region.
Published: 2014

43. Renewed soil erosion and remobilisation of radioactive sediment in Fukushima coastal rivers after the 2013 typhoons

Author: Olivier Evrard, Sophie Ayrault, Irène Lefèvre, Yuichi Onda, Olivier Cerdan, Caroline Chartin, Hugo Lepage, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), UCL - SST/ELI - Earth and Life Institute, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal plain, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Article, Panoply, Radioactive contamination, Spring (hydrology), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Human decontamination, 15. Life on land, 16. Peace & justice, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Snowmelt, Typhoon, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Summer typhoons and spring snowmelt led to the riverine spread of continental Fukushima fallout to the coastal plains of Northeastern Japan and the Pacific Ocean. Four fieldwork campaigns based on measurement of radioactive dose rates in fine riverine sediment that has recently deposited on channel bed-sand were conducted between November 2011 and May 2013 to document the spread of fallout by rivers. After a progressive decrease in the fresh riverine sediment doses rates between 2011 and early spring in 2013, a fifth campaign conducted in November 2013 showed that they started to increase again after the occurrence of violent typhoons. We show that this increase in dose rates was mostly due to remobilization of contaminated material that was temporarily stored in river channels or, more importantly, in dam reservoirs of the region during the typhoons. In addition, supply of particles from freshly eroded soils in autumn 2013 was the most important in areas where decontamination works are under progress. Our results underline the need to monitor the impact of decontamination works and dam releases in the region, as they may provide a continuous source of radioactive contamination to the coastal plains and the Pacific Ocean during the coming years.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Pourquoi si peu de réfugiés sont-ils retournés dans la région touchée par les retombées de Fukushima après la politique de remédiation ? Une étude de cas interdisciplinaire du village d'Iitate, au Japon

Author: Thomas Guillaume Chalaux Clergue, Olivier Evrard, Cécile Asanuma-Brice, Mitate Lab - CNRS, Centre de recherches sur le Japon (CRJ-CCJ), Chine, Corée, Japon (CCJ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), and Asanuma-Brice, Cécile
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Post-accident stress, Cesium-137, Geology, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nuclear accident, Disaster resiliency, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP), Safety Research, Fukushima Nuclear Accident Iitate Reconstruction
Abstract: International audience; Large volumes of radionuclides were deposited on the soils in Northeastern Japan after the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011. The village of Iitate, with a population of 6544 inhabitants in early 2011, was located in the main radioactive plume. Its population was evacuated between 2011 and 2017, when the town reopened after decontamination was completed in some cultivated and residential areas. This situation is unprecedented in history. Even around Chernobyl, access to the most contaminated area has remained forbidden until today. This manuscript compiles measurements of radiation dose rates and sediment radioactive contamination, socioeconomic statistics, and reports the results of interviews conducted among refugees since 2011. Despite this reopening, which was presented as desirable by the authorities, less than ten percent of the original population-almost all of them over 70 years oldhad returned to live in the village by January 2022. An analysis of the evolution of the population shows that it is now declining again. When the village was evacuated in 2011, most of the families that used to live with three generations under the same roof were often separated. The majority of the inhabitants took refuge in neighbouring municipalities, and many lived in temporary housing sites with a strong feeling of promiscuity. This study shows the difficulty for the majority of villagers who had never heard of Becquerels before the accident in 2011 to return to a very different environment with forests remaining contaminated and major landscape transformations having occurred after several years of abandonment and through the remediation process itself. Before 2011, forests and cropland were the main land uses in the village, and the local authorities promoted a model of eco-village. While decontamination has been effective in limiting the dispersion of radionuclides across the landscape, it did not affect the large stock of radionuclides stored in forests that cover ∼80% of the surface area. Moreover, the lack of facilities and public services remains problematic for an elderly population that has a limited mobility to travel to nearby towns to find the necessities of everyday life. This study provides a benchmark for comparison with the evolution of the seven other municipalities located nearby FDNPP that are being reopened to settlement. This research, which shows the situation after a remediation tentative, will provide a unique reference in post-accident management.
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Using multiple tracers to quantify changes in sediment source contributions to the rivers and lakes draining the main radioactive plume of Fukushima, Japan (2011-2018)

Author: Olivier Evrard, Laceby, J., Yuichi Onda, Seiji Hayashi, Sylvain Huon, Hugo Jaegler, Fabien Pointurier, Francesco Ficetola, Jérôme Poulenard, Roxanne Durand, Hugo Lepage, Irène Lefevre, Olivier Cerdan, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Large quantities of radionuclides deposited on soils located up to 70 km to the northwest of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant after the multiple disasters that occurred in March 2011. As soil erosion may lead to the redistribution of the initial radioactive deposits across the landscape, information on the sediment source contributions and their potential changes in space and time is required. To this end, lag deposits (n=400) were collected at ~50 locations along rivers draining the plume during 13 campaigns between 2011–2018. Furthermore, sediment cores were collected in the Mano Dam reservoir. Soil samples (n=100) were also collected to cover the variety of sources. A selection of samples was analysed for the following properties: fallout radionuclides; elemental geochemistry; organic matter; Pu isotopes; colour; environmental DNA. The results showed that the radiocesium levels in sediment decreased by 90% between 2011–2018. Early after 2011, the majority of sediment was supplied by Fluvisols (corresponding to cropland). However, the contribution of sediment originating from subsoil and forests was also significant (from the lake sediment archives, it was estimated that cropland, subsoil and forests supplied each 1 third of the sediment). Since the completion of the remediation works, the subsoil contribution to sediment increased, because decontamination consisted in removing the topsoil layer concentrating radionuclides. The main future challenge is therefore to propose low-cost and fast tracing techniques (e.g. spectrocolorimetry) to monitor the impact of the restart of cultivation on the fate of the residual radioactive contamination in this region.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

45 results on '"ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources