Search

Your search keyword '"ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)"' showing total 22 results
Start Over Author "ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)"
22 results on '"ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)"'

1. 3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake (Kīlauea volcano)

Author

Tim B. Johnson, André Revil, Eric Delcher, Lucia Gurioli, Marceau Gresse, Anthony Finizola, Nicolas Cluzel, Abdellahi Soueid Ahmed, James P. Kauahikaua, Jean-François Lénat, Lydie Gailler, Geeth Manthilake, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), U.S.G.S. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Earthquake Research Institute [Tokyo], and The University of Tokyo

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Lava, Conductivity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Geophysics, Impact crater, Volcano, Geochemistry and Petrology, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Magma, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, Petrology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Before the 2018 collapse of the summit of Kīlauea volcano, a ca. 200 m in diameter lava lake inside of Halema'uma'u crater was embedded in a very active hydrothermal system. In 2015, we carried out an electrical conductivity survey and the data were inverted in 3D. The lack of conductivity contrast precludes distinguishing the lava column from the surrounding hydrothermal zones. Laboratory measurements on samples from the lava lake show that the conductivity of magma is significantly lower than that of hydrothermal zones but the high ve-sicularity of the upper part of the lava lake may decrease its macroscopic conductivity. Based on the 3D conductivity model, we distinguish at least two types of hydrothermal circulations: 1) one guided by the collapse faults of Halema'uma'u crater and by the magmatic column of the lava lake, and 2) another guided by previous caldera faults and fractures related to intrusions. We observe that the location of the faults formed during the 2018 collapse of the summit was greatly influenced by the hydrothermally altered zones.

Published
2019

2. Bayesian joint muographic and gravimetric inversion applied to volcanoes

Author

Cristina Cârloganu, Valérie Cayol, Philippe Labazuy, Anne Barnoud, Valentin Niess, Eve Le Ménédeu, Peter G. Lelièvre, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
Gravity anomalies and Earth structure, Hyperparameter, Spatial correlation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Computer science, Joint inversion, Gaussian, Explained sum of squares, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, symbols.namesake, Geophysics, Data acquisition, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, symbols, A priori and a posteriori, Tomography, Algorithm, Smoothing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SUMMARY Gravimetry is a technique widely used to image the structure of the Earth. However, inversions are ill-posed and the imaging power of the technique rapidly decreases with depth. To overcome this limitation, muography, a new imaging technique relying on high energy atmospheric muons, has recently been developed. Because muography only provides integrated densities above the detector from a limited number of observation points, inversions are also ill-posed. Previous studies have shown that joint muographic and gravimetric inversions better reconstruct the 3-D density structure of volcanic edifices than independent density inversions. These studies address the ill-posedness of the joint problem by regularizing the solution with respect to a prior density model. However, the obtained solutions depend on some hyperparameters, which are either determined relative to a single test case or rely on ad-hoc parameters. This can lead to inaccurate retrieved models, sometimes associated with artefacts linked to the muon data acquisition. In this study, we use a synthetic example based on the Puy de Dôme volcano to determine a robust method to obtain the resulting model closest to the synthetic model and devoid of acquisition artefacts. We choose a Bayesian approach to include an a priori density model and a smoothing by a Gaussian spatial correlation function relying on two hyperparameters: an a priori density standard deviation and an isotropic spatial correlation length. This approach has the advantage to provide a posteriori standard deviations on the resulting densities. Using our synthetic volcano, we investigate the most reliable criterion to determine the hyperparameters. Our results suggest that k-fold Cross-Validation Sum of Squares and the Leave One Out methods are more robust criteria than the classically used L-curves. The determined hyperparameters allow to overcome the artefacts linked to the data acquisition geometry, even when only a limited number of muon telescopes is available. We also illustrate the behaviour of the inversion in case of offsets in the a priori density or in the data and show that they lead to recognizable structures that help identify them.

Published
2019

3. Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France

Author

Colombier, Mathieu, Shea, Thomas, Burgisser, Alain, Druitt, Timothy H., Gurioli, Lucia, Müller, Dirk, Cáceres, Francisco, Hess, Kai-Uwe, Boivin, Pierre, Miallier, Didier, Dingwell, Donald B., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany, Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, ISTerre, Le Bourget du Lac, France, Université Clermont Auvergne -CNRS-IRD, OPGC, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS–IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Silicic, Effusive-explosive transitions, engineering.material, Cristobalite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Microlite, Nanolites, Geochemistry and Petrology, Degassing, James, Rhyolite, ddc:550.724, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Deputy Executive Editor: J, Tephra, Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, Trachytic magma, Viscosity, Andesite, Cristobalite Editorial responsibility: M, Cristobalite 14 15, Tadeucci, Outgassing, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Magma Viscosity, engineering, 13 Crystallization, Crystallization, Geology
Abstract

Magma ascent during silicic dome-forming eruptions is characterized by significant changes in magma viscosity, permeability, and gas overpressure in the conduit. These changes depend on a set of parameters such as ascent rate, outgassing and crystallization efficiency, and magma viscosity, which in turn may influence the prevailing conditions for effusive versus explosive activity. Here, we combine chemical and textural analyses of tephra with viscosity models to provide a better understanding of the effusive-explosive transitions during Vulcanian phases of the 9.4 ka eruption of Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France. Our results suggest that effusive activity at the onset of Vulcanian episodes at Kilian Volcano was promoted by (i) rapid ascent of initially crystal-poor and volatile-rich trachytic magma, (ii) a substantial bulk and melt viscosity increase driven by extensive volatile loss and crystallization, and (iii) efficient degassing/outgassing in a crystal-rich magma at shallow depths. Trachytic magma repeatedly replenished the upper conduit, and variations in the amount of decompression and cooling caused vertical textural stratification, leading to variable degrees of crystallization and outgassing. Outgassing promoted effusive dome growth and occurred via gas percolation through large interconnected vesicles, fractures, and tuffisite veins, fostering the formation of cristobalite in the carapace and talus regions. Build-up of overpressure was likely caused by closing of pore space (bubbles and fractures) in the dome through a combination of pore collapse, cristobalite formation, sintering in tuffisite veins, and limited pre-fragmentation coalescence in the dome or underlying hot vesicular magma. Sealing of the carapace may have caused a transition from open- to closed- system degassing and to renewed explosive activity. We generalize our findings to propose that the broad spectrum of eruptive styles for trachytic magmas may be inherited from a combination of characteristics of trachytic melts that include high water solubility and diffusivity, rapid microlite growth, and low melt viscosity compared to their more evolved subalkaline dacitic and rhyolitic equivalents. We show that trachytes may erupt with a similar style (e.g., Vulcanian) but at significantly higher ascent rates than their andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic counterparts. This suggests that the periodicity of effusive-explosive transitions at trachytic volcanoes may differ from that observed at the well-monitored andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic volcanoes, which has implications for hazard assessment associated with trachytic eruptions., ERC ADV 2018

Published
2020

4. The Electrical Conductivity of Liebermannite: Implications for Water Transport Into the Earth's Lower Mantle

Author

Mainak Mookherjee, Mohamed Ali Bouhifd, Chengcheng Zhao, Geeth Manthilake, Laurent Jouffret, Federica Schiavi, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Earth Materials Laboratory, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique (LMGP ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
water transport, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, continental sediments, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, 03 medical and health sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Transition zone, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, 0303 health sciences, Mineral, Water transport, Subduction, electrical conductivity, ocean island basalts, mantle plumes, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, liebermannite, Earth (classical element), Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Liebermannite (KAlSi3O8) is a principal mineral phase expected to be thermodynamicallystable in deeply subducted continental and oceanic crusts. The crystal structure of liebermanniteexhibits tunnels that are formed between the assemblies of double chains of edge‐sharing (Si, Al) O6octahedral units, which act as a repository for large incompatible alkali ions. In this study, we investigate theelectrical conductivity of liebermannite at 12, 15, and 24 GPa and temperature of 1500 K to track subductionpathways of continental sediments into the Earth's lower mantle. Further, we looked at whetherliebermannite could sequester incompatible H2O at deep mantle conditions. We observe that the superionicconductivity of liebermannite due to the thermally activated hopping of K+ions results in high electricalconductivity of more than 1 S/m. Infrared spectral features of hydrous liebermannite indicate the presenceof both molecular H2O and hydroxyl (OH−) groups in its crystal structure. The observed high electricalconductivity in the mantle transition zone beneath Northeastern China and the lower mantle beneath thePhilippine Sea can be attributed to the subduction pathways of continental sediments deep into the Earth'smantle. While major mineral phases in pyrolitic compositions are almost devoid of H2O under lowermantle conditions, our study demonstrates that liebermannite could be an important host of H2O in theseconditions. We propose that the relatively high H2O contents of ocean island basalts derived from deepmantle plumes are primarily related to deeply subducted continental sediments, in which liebermannite isthe principal H2O carrier.

Published
2020

5. Effect of deformation on helium storage and diffusion in polycrystalline forsterite

Author

Patrick Cordier, Mohamed Ali Bouhifd, Rémi Delon, Sanae Koizumi, Sylvie Demouchy, Julien Gasc, Pete Burnard, Yves Marrocchi, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Earthquake Research Institute [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo, ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), ANR-14-CE33-0011,INDIGO,Incorporation et diffusion des gaz rares dans les joints de grain.(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Thermodynamics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Storage, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Helium, Diffusion, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, Interstitial defect, Dislocation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Arrhenius equation, Forsterite, Grain size, Deformation, 13. Climate action, engineering, Dynamic recrystallization, symbols, Grain boundary, Crystallite
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Although recent studies have investigated He behavior in undeformed mantle minerals, the effect of defects generated by plastic deformation on He storage and transport remains unconstrained. For this purpose, synthetic dense aggregates of fine-grained iron-free forsterite were deformed under 300 MPa confining pressure at 950, 1050, and 1200 °C using a Paterson press. Three deformed samples and one undeformed sample were then doped with He under static high-pressure (1.00 ± 0.02 GPa) and high-temperature (1120 ± 20 °C) conditions for 24 h in a piston cylinder. Uraninite was used as a source of noble gases. The samples were subsequently analyzed using a cycled step heating protocol coupled with noble gas mass spectrometry to investigate He storage and diffusion in the deformed polycrystalline forsterite aggregates. Results show complex diffusive behaviors that cannot be fitted by a single linear regression. Nevertheless, individual step heating cycles can be fitted by several linear regressions determined by a F-test, suggesting that diffusivities follow Arrhenius law within the given temperature ranges. Our results highlight the complex diffusive behavior of He in deformed forsterite aggregates, which is due to the competition between several diffusion mechanisms related to different He storage sites (Mg vacancies, interstitial sites, dislocations, and grain boundaries). Diffusion parameters (activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor D0) for He diffusion in grain boundaries were refined from literature data (Ea = 36 ± 9 kJ·mol−1 and D0 = 10−10.57 ± 0.58 m2·s−1), and those of He diffusion in interstitials (Ea = 89 ± 7 kJ·mol−1 and D0 = 10−8.95 ± 1.16 m2·s−1) and Mg vacancies (Ea = 173 ± 14 kJ·mol−1 and D0 = 10−5.07 ± 1.25 m2·s−1) were defined from our results and literature data. Furthermore, we determined Ea = 56 ± 1 kJ·mol−1 and D0 = 10−9.97 ± 0.37 m2·s−1 for He diffusion along dislocations. These results suggest that a maximum He fraction of only 1.2% can be stored along dislocations in mantle minerals, which is negligible compared to 22% in grain boundaries as reported by previous studies. This implies that bulk lattice diffusivities are barely affected by the presence of dislocations, whereas the proportion of He stored in grain boundaries can significantly enhance the bulk diffusivities of mantle rocks. Thus, deformation processes can significantly increase He storage capacity by decreasing grain size (i.e., via dynamic recrystallization), but will not sufficiently increase the dislocation density to induce a change in He storage and mobility within the crystallographic lattice. Furthermore, rapid redistribution of He between the mineral lattice and grain boundaries could enhance the bulk He concentrations of deformed peridotites upon equilibration with nearby undeformed (or less-deformed) peridotites.

Published
2020

6. Accessory mineral constraints on crustal evolution: elemental fingerprints for magma discrimination

Author

Oscar Laurent, Martin Guitreau, Oliver Nebel, Esa Heilimo, Mike Fowler, Emilie Bruand, Craig Storey, Clementine Antoine, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Portsmouth, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, University of Turku, Monash University [Melbourne], ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Portsmouth], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geotalo, Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Archean, Geochemistry, NERC, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Titanite, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrogenesis, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, NE/I025573/1, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mineral, Trace element, trace element, RCUK, Geology, Craton, titanite, apatite, Magma, Adakite, engineering, Earth Sciences, Archean granitoids (TTG, sanukitoid), magma evolution through time
Abstract

International audience; doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.2006 Underexplored accessory minerals such as titanite and apatite have the potential to give insights into the nature and the petrogenesis of their host rock. Their trace element and REE-rich compositions carry a record of crystallisation history and chemical characteristics of their source. Moreover, titanite and, to a certain extent, apatite are resistant to erosion during sedimentary cycles which makes them ideal to reconstruct the history of long-eroded continental land-masses. Here we report new trace element data on apatite and titanite from granitoids of different Archean cratons and comparative granitoids from the Phanerozoic. Trace element signatures of both minerals reveal systematic chemical trends in Y, LREE and Sr contents related to the nature of their host magma, which are used to construct discrimination diagrams delineating Archean TTGs from sanukitoids, and modern adakites from S/I-type granites. By comparing Archean granitoids (TTG and sanukitoids) and their Phanerozoic counterparts (adakite and high Ba-Sr granites), we show that the robust nature of these phases makes them reliable recorders of petrogenetic information from Archean rocks, that usually have been affected by secondary processes (meta-morphism, deformation, hydrothermal activity). Applied to the rock record, both phases potentially provide detailed archives of magmatic evolution through time.

Published
2020

7. A method for 3D reconstruction of volcanic bomb trajectories

Author

Karim Kelfoun, Martial Bontemps, Andrew J. L. Harris, Frédéric Chausse, Maurizio Ripepe, Franck Donnadieu, Philippe Labazuy, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal (IP), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal - Clermont Auvergne (IP), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
Drag coefficient, Line-of-sight, ballistic trajectory, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trajectory of a projectile, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Tracking (particle physics), Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, launch velocity, Strombolian eruption, Wind speed, Strombolian explosions, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 3D space, stereophotogrammetry, Volcanic bomb, Dispersion (water waves), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Reconstructing bomb trajectories resulting from Strombolian activity can provide insights into near-surface dynamics of the conduit system. Typically, the high number of bombs involved represents a challenge for both automatic and manual bomb identification and tracking methods. Here, we present a method for the automated recognition of hundreds of bombs (100 to 400 depending on the explosion observed) and for the reconstruction of their trajectories in time and 3D space by stereophotogrammetry. The data involve video collected at 30 Hz with two synchronised cameras (Basler 1300-30), separated by 11°, targeting explosions at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) in September–October 2012. In total, six data sets were collected for emissions lasting less than 15 s. The 3D reconstructions provided more accurate velocity estimations (error

Published
2020

8. Glass shard K-Ar dating of the Chalupas caldera major eruption: Main Pleistocene stratigraphic marker of the Ecuadorian volcanic arc

Author

Silvana Hidalgo, Céline Liorzou, Mathilde Bablon, Pablo Samaniego, Santiago Santamaria, Julius Nouet, Xavier Quidelleur, Jean-Luc Le Pennec, Giuseppe Siani, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Eruption column, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chalupas, K-Ar dating, Ignimbrite eruption, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Pumice, Glass shards, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Tephra, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcanic arc, Geology, K–Ar dating, 13. Climate action, Radiometric dating, Ecuador, Tephrochronology
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; New K-Ar ages obtained on juvenile pumice glass shards indicate that the Chalupas ignimbrite, one of the main Pleistocene tephra markers of the Ecuadorian arc, was emplaced at 216 ± 5 ka. Morphology and major and trace element contents of the glass shards are similar to those of ash layers from deep-sea cores and allow correlation between continental deposits and marine tephra layers. Based on biostratigraphy and δ18O data, the age models of these cores support our K-Ar age. Fine ashes from the Chalupas eruption column have been found about 1000 km away from the source caldera, and the estimated deposit volume of both ignimbrite and co-ignimbrite deposits ranges from 200 to 265 km3. This suggests that the Chalupas event could have been strong enough to reach the stratosphere and inject large amount of SO2 in both hemispheres, possibly impacting global temperatures. In addition, the age of the Chalupas ignimbrite obtained here could provide a new radiometric constraint for the age of isotope stage 7 recorded in orbitally-tuned δ18O deep-sea cores. This study highlights the relevance of K-Ar dating applied to small glass shards from massive ignimbrite deposits, and the potential that it represents to improve risk assessments in volcanic zones where dating crystals is not possible. Finally, detailed tephrochronology of deep-sea cores and correlation between marine ash-layers and continental volcanic deposits constitute a strong tool to investigate the eruptive history of an active volcanic arc whose proximal products have been eroded or deeply buried by younger deposit sequences

Published
2020

9. Volcanic history reconstruction in northern Ecuador: insights for eruptive and erosion rates on the whole Ecuadorian arc

Author

Mathilde Bablon, Bastien Eschbach, Jean-Luc Le Pennec, Silvana Hidalgo, Xavier Quidelleur, Santiago Santamaria, Céline Liorzou, Pablo Samaniego, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Géosciences Paris Saclay (GEOPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, Sophia Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, France, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Géoazur, Sophia Antipolis, 06560, Valbonne, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, K-Ar dating, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Pumice, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Volcanic arc, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, K–Ar dating, Volumes, Eruptive rates, Volcano, Erosion, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Ridge, Ecuador, Quaternary, Geology
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; In the northern Andes, the Ecuadorian arc presents a large number of Quaternary volcanoes, spread over a rather restricted area. The origin of this volcanic clustering is not well understood, and only a few chronological data older than the Holocene are available in northern Ecuador to document the arc development stages. In this study, we present new K-Ar ages obtained on lava flow and pumice samples for Cushnirumi, Mojanda, Fuya Fuya, Imbabura, Cubilche, and Cusín volcanoes, located about 40 km north of Quito, the Ecuador's capital city. Our results show that the volcanic activity in the northern part of the Ecuadorian arc started at least at ~ 1 Ma and that construction of volcanoes mainly occurred during the last 500 ka. Together with the radiometric data, numerical reconstructions of the paleomorphology of the volcanoes are used to estimate the volume of emitted magmas and the amount of eroded material in order to quantify their eruptive and erosion rates. Emission rates of Ecuadorian volcanoes range between < 0.2 and 3.6 ± 2.1 km3/kyr. Highest rates are obtained for volcanoes constructed over time periods shorter than 100 kyr by sporadic eruptive pulses, whereas lowest rates are calculated over longer periods that include quiescence phases. Erosion rates range between 0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.09 km3/kyr and highlight that volcanic edifices whose activity ended recently are rapidly dismantled by physicochemical processes. Finally, the spatial distribution of Quaternary volcanoes as well as the spatio-temporal evolution of lava geochemistry may reflect the progressive influence of the Carnegie Ridge at depth.

Published
2020

10. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in IBD

Author

Anaïs Larabi, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen, Nicolas Barnich, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) UMR1071 INRA (USC 2018) French National Research Agency European Union FP7 People Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship, ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), OUERTANI, jeannette, CAP 20-25 - - CAP 20-252016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) UMR1071INRA (USC 2018) French National Research AgencyEuropean Union FP7 People Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship, and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, intestinal microbiota, XBP1, Review, Biology, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, digestive system, inflammatory bowel diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, NOD2, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Protein kinase A, Molecular Biology, Mechanistic target of rapamycin, ATG16L1, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Inflammation, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, intestinal homeostasis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, BECN1, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, immune responses, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Intestines, 030104 developmental biology, Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1, biology.protein, microbial infection, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, MAP1LC3B
Abstract

One of the most significant challenges of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research is to understand how alterations in the symbiotic relationship between the genetic composition of the host and the intestinal microbiota, under impact of specific environmental factors, lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. Genome-wide association studies, followed by functional studies, have identified a role for numerous autophagy genes in IBD, especially in Crohn disease. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models, in addition to human clinical studies have revealed that autophagy is pivotal for intestinal homeostasis maintenance, gut ecology regulation, appropriate intestinal immune responses and anti-microbial protection. This review describes the latest researches on the mechanisms by which dysfunctional autophagy leads to disrupted intestinal epithelial function, gut dysbiosis, defect in anti-microbial peptide secretion by Paneth cells, endoplasmic reticulum stress response and aberrant immune responses to pathogenic bacteria. A better understanding of the role of autophagy in IBD pathogenesis may provide better sub-classification of IBD phenotypes and novel approaches for disease management. Abbreviations: AIEC: adherent-invasive Escherichia coli; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; Atg16l1[ΔIEC] mice: mice with Atg16l1 depletion specifically in intestinal epithelial cells; Atg16l1[HM] mice: mice hypomorphic for Atg16l1 expression; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; CALCOCO2: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP: caspase; CD: Crohn disease; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; CHUK/IKKA: conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase; CLDN2: claudin 2; DAPK1: death associated protein kinase 1; DCs: dendritic cells; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EIF2A: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A; EIF2AK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERBIN: Erbb2 interacting protein; ERN1/IRE1A: ER to nucleus signaling 1; FNBP1L: formin binding protein 1-like; FOXP3: forkhead box P3; GPR65: G-protein coupled receptor 65; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IECs: intestinal epithelial cells; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; IL10R: interleukin 10 receptor; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ISC: intestinal stem cell; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; MIR/miRNA: microRNA; MTMR3: myotubularin related protein 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; NOD2: nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2; NPC: Niemann-Pick disease type C; NPC1: NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; OMVs: outer membrane vesicles; OPTN: optineurin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRR: pattern-recognition receptor; PTPN2: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2; PTPN22: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid); PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; RAB2A: RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family; RELA: v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian); RIPK2: receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; Th: T helper 1; TIRAP/TRIF: toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein; TLR: toll-like receptor; TMEM173/STING: transmembrane protein 173; TMEM59: transmembrane protein 59; TNF/TNFA: tumor necrosis factor; Treg: regulatory T; TREM1: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild-type; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis.

Published
2020

11. Rare earth element partitioning between sulphides and melt: Evidence for Yb2+ and Sm2+ in EH chondrites

Author

Ivan Vlastélic, Maud Boyet, Denis Testemale, Olivier Mathon, Mohamed Ali Bouhifd, Jean-Luc Devidal, Bertrand Moine, Olivier Proux, Tahar Hammouda, M. Gaborieau, N.J. Ingrao, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Rare-Earth-Elements, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rare-earth element, Oldhamite, Analytical chemistry, Enstatite chondrite, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Meteorite, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, Mineral redox buffer, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Enstatite, engineering, Achondrite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Oxygen fugacity
Abstract

We present the first complete dataset of partition coefficients of Rare Earth Elements (REE) between oldhamites or molten FeS and silicate melts. Values have been determined at 1300 and 1400 °C from experiments on mixtures of a natural enstatite chondrite and sulphides powders (FeS or CaS) performed in evacuated silica tubes for different f O 2 conditions (from IW-6.9 to IW-4.1). Obtained REE partitioning values are between 0.5 and 5 for oldhamites and between 0.001 and 1 for FeS. In both sulphides, Eu and Yb are preferentially incorporated compared to neighbouring REE. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure measurements on Yb and Sm demonstrate the partial reduction to 2+ valence state for both elements, Yb reduction being more pronounced. Therefore, the Yb anomaly in the sulphides is interpreted to be an effect of the presence of Yb2+ in the system and the amplitude of the anomaly increases with decreasing oxygen fugacity. The obtained oldhamite/silicate melt partition coefficients patterns are unlike any of the observed data in natural oldhamites from enstatite chondrites and achondrites. In particular, the low values do not explain the observed enrichments in oldhamite crystals. However, positive Eu and Yb anomalies are observed in some oldhamites from EH chondrites and aubrites. We attribute these anomalies found in meteorites to the sole oldhamite control on REE budget. We conclude that the presence of positive Eu and Yb anomalies in oldhamites is a good indicator of their primordial character and that these oldhamites carry a condensation signature from a highly reduced nebular gas.

Published
2019

12. In situ cosmogenic 3He and 36Cl and radiocarbon dating of volcanic deposits refine the Pleistocene and Holocene eruption chronology of SW Peru

Author

Kurt Rademaker, Aster Team, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Gordon R.M. Bromley, Georges Aumaître, Karim Keddadouche, Jean-Claude Thouret, Didier Bourlès, Socorro del Pilar Vivanco Lopez, Jersy Mariño, David Valdivia, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INGEMMET, Dirección de Geología Ambiental y Riesgo GeológicO, NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-10-03427], Churchill Exploration Foundation (UMaine), INSU/CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANRFrench National Research Agency (ANR), IRD, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Helium-3, Lava flows, Cosmogenic surface-exposure dating, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, Effusive eruption, Lava field, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 14Cdating.Peruvian Andes, Lava dome, Chlorine-36, Volcanology, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geology
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Constraining the age of young lavas, which generally fall outside the effective range of traditional geochronologymethods, remains a key challenge in volcanology, limiting the development of high-resolution eruption chronologies.We present an in situ cosmogenic3He and36Cl surface-exposure chronology, alongside new minimum-limiting14Cages,documenting young eruptions at five sites in the Western Cordillera, southern Peru. Four3He-dated lavas on the NevadoCoropuna volcanic complex (hitherto thought to be dormant) indicate that the central dome cluster is young and potentiallyactive; two Holocene lavas on the easternmost dome are the youngest directly dated lavas in Peru to date. East ofCoropuna, lava domes and block-lava flows represent the most extensive output to date of Nevado Sabancaya, one ofPeru’s most active volcanoes. Two3He measurements confirm the Holocene age of these deposits and expand thechronology for one of the youngest major lava fields in Peru.36Cl surface-exposure ages from the Purupurini dome clusterand Nevado Casiri document middle-late-Holocene episodes of effusive activity, while basal14C ages from a lava-dammed wetland constrain an effusive eruption at Mina Arcata, north of Coropuna, to the late-glacial period. Thesenew data advance the recent Western Cordillera volcanic record whilst demonstrating both the considerable potentialand fundamental limitations of cosmogenic surface-exposure methods for such applications.

Published
2019

13. The use of vascular plant densities to estimate the age of undated lava flows in semi-arid areas of Fogo Island (Cape Verde, Atlantic Ocean)

Author

Samuel Etienne, Raphaël Paris, Sébastien Larrue, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cognitions Humaine et ARTificielle (CHART), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, Volcanic hazards, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, Insular biogeography, Chronosequence, Ecological succession, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Cape verde, Semi-arid lava flows, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, vascular plants, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Ecology, biology, island biogeography, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Arid, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, chronosequence, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical geography, volcanic island, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract

The age of some lava flows on the east-north-east coast of Fogo Island (Cape Verde) remains debated or unknown due to the inapplicability of conventional dating methods. Dating information is important for a retrospective approach to volcanic hazard evaluation and prevention. Historical lavas represent an opportunity to study plant succession within a well-constrained chronological framework, and lava flow age has often been used as a variable to explain plant densities and species composition. Here, vascular plant densities were also assigned as variables to explain lava ages. We surveyed 44 plots on eleven semi-arid lavas among which nine represented a chronosequence of 60- c. 350-yr-old lavas, while two other lavas remained undated. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to test the relationships between species densities and lava ages. A stepwise regression model was then used to identify which species were more closely related to the age of lavas, and the best fit of the model was employed to predict the age of the undated lavas. Spearman’ test was used to observe the correlations among lavas and the result was compared with regression model age-predictions for the undated lavas. Among 27 vascular plants, nine species were significantly linked with lava ages. The stepwise model showed that lava ages were significantly explained by the densities of Sarcostemma daltonii and Lantana camara species. Stepwise model age-predictions were congruent with Spearman’ results, supporting the proposition that vascular plant species densities can provide useful information about the relative age of undated lava flows in arid environments.

Published
2019

14. Joint inversion methods with relative density offset correction for muon tomography and gravity data, with application to volcano imaging

Author

Colin G. Farquharson, Anne Barnoud, Cristina Cârloganu, Peter G. Lelièvre, Valérie Cayol, Valentin Niess, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Gravity anomalies and Earth structure, Muon tomography, Offset (computer science), Geophysical imaging, Joint inversion, Numer-ical modelling, Inverse transform sampling, Inversion (meteorology), Inverse problem, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Remote sensing of volcanoes, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Numerical modelling, Muography, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Inverse theory, Tomography, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physical quantity
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Muography is a relatively new geophysical imaging method that uses muons to provide estimates of average densities along particular lines of sight. Muography can only see above the horizontal elevation of the detector and it is therefore attractive to attempt a joint inversion of muography data with gravity data, which is also responsive to density but generally requires combination with another geophysical data set to overcome issues related to non-uniqueness and poor depth resolution. Some previous work has investigated this joint inverse problem and demonstrated the potential improvements to be gained by jointly inverting muography and gravity data. However, there has yet to be a thorough investigation of different numerical approaches for formulating the joint inverse problem. Particularly important is how to account for the fact that even though the two data types are sensitive to the same physical quantity, density, they respond through different response functions. Moreover, the two measurements are affected by different systematic uncertainties that are difficult to model. In this work, we considered an approximation where the two density quantities, inferred from the two data types, can be related by an unknown scalar offset. We considered various existing and new joint inversion methods that might solve this problem and we applied them to a synthetic volcano imaging scenario based on the Puy de Dôme volcano in the Central Massif region of France. We used unstructured meshes in our modelling to adequately honour the significant topography in that scenario. Our experiments indicated that the most successful joint inversion method for this type of geological scenario was one in which the data misfit function is reformulated to automatically determine the best-fitting offset following a least-squares minimization argument. However, other approaches showed merit and we suggest several of the investigated methods be applied and compared for any specific joint inversion scenario.

Published
2019

15. Measuring the viscosity of lava in the field: A review

Author

Harry Pinkerton, Magdalena Oryaëlle Chevrel, Andrew J. L. Harris, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Science, University of Lancaster, Lancaster University, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Lava, Flow (psychology), Field Viscometry, Penetrometer, Rotational viscometer 37, Lava flow, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Viscosity, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Rheology, Shear stress, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shear Stress, Rotational viscometer, 35 Lava flow, Yield Strength, Viscometer, Channelized, Mechanics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Strain Rate, 36 Penetrometer, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Many scientists who have worked on active lava flows or attempted to model lava flows have recognized the importance of rheology in understanding flow dynamics. Numerous attempts have been made to estimate viscosity using flow velocities in active lava channels. However, this only gives a bulk or mean value, applies to channelized flow, and the need to estimate flow depth leads to a large degree of uncertainty. It is for this reason that some scientists resorted to more direct methods for measuring the lava viscosity in the field. Initial attempts used crude instruments (such as forcing a rod into a flow using the operators body-weight), and even the latest instruments (motor-driven rotational viscometer) are significantly less refined than those one would encounter in a well-equipped laboratory. However, if suitable precautions are taken during instrument design, deployment in the field and post-processing of data, the results form an extremely valuable set of measurements that can be used to model and understand the complex rheological behavior of active lava flows. As far as we are aware, eleven field measurements of lava rheology have been published; the first took place in 1948, and the latest (at the time of writing) in 2016. Two types of instrument have been used: penetrometers and rotational viscometers. Penetrometers are suitable for relatively high viscosity (10^4-10^6 Pa s) lava flows, but care has to be taken to ensure that the sensor is at lava temperature and measurements are not affected by the resistance of outer cooled crust. Rotational viscometers are the most promising instruments at lower viscosities (1-10^4 Pa s) because they can operate over a wider range of strain rates permitting detailed flow curves to be calculated. Field conditions are challenging and measurements are not always possible as direct approach to and contact with active lava is necessary. However it is currently the only way to capture the rheology of lava in its natural state. Such data are fundamental if we are to adequately model and understand the complex behavior of active lava flows.

Published
2019

16. A first-order bi-projection scheme for incompressible two-phase Bingham flows

Author

Chalayer, Rénald, Dubois, Thierry, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal (LMBP), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Blaise Pascal - Clermont Auvergne (LMBP), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP]
Abstract

International audience; A first-order bi-projection scheme for the numerical simulation of two-phase im-miscible, incompressible and isothermal flows of viscoplastic media is presented. As in the Uzawa-like algorithm, the definition of the stress tensor is rewritten in terms of a pointwise projection. A pseudo-time relaxation term is added in order to obtain a geometric convergence of the fixed-point iterations used for the computation of the plastic part of the stress tensor. The coupling between pressure and velocity field is treated with a fractional time-stepping scheme. The interface between the two phases is handled with a level set formulation. Numerical simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities are performed and presented. The first order rate of convergence with respect to the time step is recovered both in the case of Newtonian and Bing-ham flows. Comparisons with published results in the case of Newtonian flows validate the parallel implementation of the bi-projection scheme.

Published
2019

17. Simultaneous measurements of electrical conductivity and seismic wave velocity of partially molten geological materials: effect of evolving melt texture

Author

Mohammed Ali Bouhifd, Julien Chantel, Denis Andrault, D. Freitas, Geeth Manthilake, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low velocity zone, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Melt fraction, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, Geochemistry and Petrology, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrical conductivity, General Materials Science, Particle velocity, Texture (crystalline), Low-velocity zone, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, Acoustic wave, MORB, Temperature gradient, 13. Climate action, Acoustic wave velocity, Volume fraction, Dihedral angle, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

Co-auteur étranger; International audience; Comparison between geophysical observations and laboratory measurements yields contradicting estimations of the meltfraction for the partially molten regions of the Earth, highlighting potential disagreements between laboratory-based electricalconductivity and seismic wave velocity measurement techniques. In this study, we performed simultaneous acoustic wavevelocity and electrical conductivity measurements on a simplified partial melt analogue (olivine + mid oceanic ridge basalt,MORB) at 2.5 GPa and up to 1650 K. We aim to investigate the effect of ongoing textural modification of partially moltenperidotite analog on both electrical conductivity and sound wave velocity. Acoustic wave velocity (Vp and Vs) and EC aremeasured on an identical sample presenting the same melt texture, temperature gradient, stress field and chemical impurities.We observe a sharp decrease of acoustic wave velocities and increase of electrical conductivity in response to melting ofMORB component. At constant temperature of 1650 K, electrical conductivity gradually increases, whereas acoustic velocitiesremain relatively constant. While the total MORB components melt instantaneously above the melting temperature, themelt interconnectivity and the melt distribution should evolve with time, affecting the electrical conduction. Consequently,our experimental observations suggest that acoustic velocities respond spontaneously to the melt volume fraction for meltwith high wetting properties, whereas electrical conduction is significantly affected by subsequent melt texture modifications.We find that acoustic velocity measurements are thus better suited to the determination of the melt fraction of a partiallymolten sample at the laboratory time scale (~ h). Based on our estimations, the reduced Vs velocity in the major part of thelow velocity zone away from spreading ridges can be explained by 0.3–0.8 vol% volatile-bearing melt and the high Vp/Vsratio obtained for these melt fractions (1.82–1.87) are compatible with geophysical observations.

Published
2019

18. Origin of negative cerium anomalies in subduction-related volcanic samples: Constraints from Ce and Nd isotopes

Author

Régis Doucelance, Terry Plank, Nina Bellot, Ivan P. Savov, P. Bonnand, Maud Boyet, Tim Elliott, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Challenge 4, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
Rare Earth Elements, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, 138Ce/142Ce, Pyroclastic rock, Mariana volcanic arc, Ce anomalies, Sediment recycling, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Arc system, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Volcanic arc, Subduction, Partial melting, Geology, Volcanic rock, 13. Climate action, Mariana Trench
Abstract

International audience; Negative Cerium (Ce) anomalies are observed in chondrite-normalized Rare Earth Element patterns from various volcanic arc suites. These anomalies are well defined in volcanic rocks from the Mariana arc and have been interpreted as the result of addition of subducted sediments to the arc magma sources. This study combines 143Nd/144Nd and 138Ce/142Ce isotope measurements in Mariana volcanic rocks that have Ce anomalies ranging from 0.97 to 0.90. The dataset includes sediments sampled immediately before subduction at the Mariana Trench (Sites 801 and 802 of ODP Leg 129) and primitive basalts from the Southern Mariana Trough (back-arc basin). Binary mixing models between the local depleted mantle and an enriched end-member using both types of sediment (biosiliceous and volcaniclastic) found in the sedimentary column in front of the arc are calculated. Marianas arc lavas have Ce and Nd isotopic compositions that require

Published
2018

19. Carbonate Transfer during the Onset of Slab Devolatilization: New Insights from Fe and Zn Stable Isotopes

Author

Marie-Laure Pons, Pierre Bouilhol, Helen M. Williams, Baptiste Debret, Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés [2016-2019] (SIMaP [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mantle wedge, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, stable isotopes, serpentinites, stable isotopes, ophiolites, subduction, carbon mobility, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, carbon mobility, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, serpentinites, Metasomatism, ophiolites, Metamorphic facies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Subduction, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Slab, Carbonate, subduction, Geology
Abstract

Long-term carbon cycling is a subject of recent controversy as new mass balance calculations suggest that most carbon is transferred from the slab to the mantle wedge by fluids during subduction, limiting the efficiency of carbon recycling to the deep mantle. Here, we examine the large scale mobility of carbon during subduction using new isotopic tracers sensitive to H–C–O–S–Cl fluids, namely iron and zinc stable isotopes, in samples interpreted to represent residual slab (Queyras, Western Alps) and sub-arc mantle (Kohistan, Himalaya). We show that during subduction there are several stages of carbonate precipitation and dissolution at metasomatic interfaces between metasedimentary and ultramafic rocks in the slab. During the early stages of subduction, before the slab reaches the 300–400C isotherms, the infiltration of sediment-derived fluids into ultramafic lithologies enhances carbonate precipitation in antigorite-bearing serpentinites. Carbonate storage in serpentinites, therefore, acts as a temporary reservoir of carbon in subduction zones. This episode is accompanied by a decrease in serpentinite iron isotope composition (d56Fe), due to interaction with low-d56Fe sediment-derived fluids, and an increase in the concentrations of fluid-mobile elements (e.g. B, Li, As). At higher temperatures (>400C), carbonate is leached from the serpentinites by fluids. This is accompanied by a decrease in serpentinite zinc isotope composition (d66Zn) which we interpret as the release of a carbonate-bearing fluid with an isotopically heavy d66Zn signature. Thermodynamic modelling shows that the sudden change in fluid carbon mobility is due to a decrease in the aCO2 of the fluids released during slab prograde metamorphism, which shifts from sediment- to serpentinite-dominated dehydration. This demonstrates that slab fluids bearing oxidized carbon (e.g. CO2), associated with isotopically light Fe, heavy Zn and fluid-mobile elements, can be released before the slab reaches eclogite facies P-T conditions. These observations provide strong evidence for the mobility of carbon in fluids during the early stages of subduction. Moreover, the fluids released will act as a potential metasomatic agent for the fore-arc mantle (or slab/mantle interface). The observation of carbonate-bearing metamorphic veins in the Himalayan sub-arc mantle with complementary light d56Fe and heavy d66Zn signatures provides further support for the large scale transfer of both sulphate- and carbonate-bearing fluids during the early stages of subduction. This suggests that the fore-arc may have an important role in delivering water, sulfur and carbon to the source of arc-magmas.

Published
2018

20. Sulfur isotope's signal of nanopyrites enclosed in 2.7 Ga stromatolitic organic remains reveal microbial sulfate reduction

Author

Laurent Remusat, P. Cartigny, Marie-Catherine Sforna, Christophe Thomazo, Johanna Marin-Carbonne, Pascal Philippot, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV-ENSMSE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -SPIN-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie ( IMPMC ), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Palaeobiogeology-Palaeobotany-Palaeopalynology, Université de Liège, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02/10-LABX-0023,UnivEarthS,Earth - Planets - Universe: observation, modeling, transfer ( 2011 ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SPIN-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017)

Subjects
Archean, Biogeochemical cycle, Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Iron, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sulfides, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, δ34S, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Sulfur Isotopes, Microbial mat, Anaerobiosis, stromatolite, Sulfate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, biology, Chemistry, Sulfates, sulfur biogeochemical cycle, Western Australia, biology.organism_classification, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sulfur, Diagenesis, Tumbiana Formation, Stromatolite, 13. Climate action, Anaerobic oxidation of methane, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Oxidation-Reduction, microbial sulfate reduction
Abstract

18 pages; International audience; Microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) is thought to have operated very early on Earth and is often invoked to explain the occurrence of sedimentary sulfides in the rock record. Sedimentary sulfides can also form from sulfides produced abiotically during late diagenesis or metamorphism. As both biotic and abiotic processes contribute to the bulk of sedimentary sulfides, tracing back the original microbial signature from the earliest Earth record is challenging. We present in situ sulfur isotope data from nanopyrites occurring in carbonaceous remains lining the domical shape of stromatolite knobs of the 2.7-Gyr-old Tumbiana Formation (Western Australia). The analyzed nanopyrites show a large range of δ34S values of about 84‰ (from -33.7‰ to +50.4‰). The recognition that a large δ34S range of 80‰ is found in individual carbonaceous-rich layers support the interpretation that the nanopyrites were formed in microbial mats through MSR by a Rayleigh distillation process during early diagenesis. An active microbial cycling of sulfur during formation of the stromatolite may have facilitated the mixing of different sulfur pools (atmospheric and hydrothermal) and explain the weak mass independent signature (MIF-S) recorded in the Tumbiana Formation. These results confirm that MSR participated actively to the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur during the Neoarchean and support previous models suggesting anaerobic oxidation of methane using sulfate in the Tumbiana environment.

Published
2018

21. Survey of Distance Bounding Protocols and Threats

Author

Pascal Lafourcade, Agnès Brelurut, David Gerault, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2016)

Subjects
Engineering, NFC, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Relay attack, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Bounding overwatch, 0502 economics and business, Collusion Fraud, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Relay Attack, Wireless, Mafia Fraud, Threat Models, RFID, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Distance fraud, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Terrorist Fraud, 16. Peace & justice, Distance Bounding, Mount, Distance Fraud, Threat model, Terrorism, 050211 marketing, business, computer
Abstract

International audience; NFC and RFID are technologies that are more and more present in our life. These technologies allow a tag to communicate without contact with a reader. In wireless communication an intruder can always listen and forward a signal, so he can mount a so-called worm hole attack. In the last decades, several Distance Bounding (DB) protocols have been introduced to avoid such attacks. In this context, there exist several threat models: Terrorist Fraud, Mafia Fraud, Distance Fraud etc. We first show the links between the existing threat models. Then we list more than forty DB protocols and give the bounds of the best known attacks for different threat models. In some cases, we explain how we are able to improve existing attacks. Then, we present some advices to the designers of the DB protocols and to the intruders to mount some attacks.

Published
2015

22. An oceanic subduction origin for Archaean granitoids revealed by silicon isotopes

Author

Martin Guitreau, Frédéric Moynier, Zhengbin Deng, Igor S. Puchtel, Marc Chaussidon, Nicolas Dauphas, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, Origins Laboratory [Chicago], Department of Geophysical Sciences [Chicago], University of Chicago-University of Chicago-Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Washington University in St Louis, ANR-10-LABX-0006/10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR: 16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25 (I-Site)(2017), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
geography, Felsic, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Precambrian geology, Geochemistry, Crust, Mid-ocean ridge, Sedimentology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodynamics, 01 natural sciences, Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics, 13. Climate action, Oceanic crust, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Adakite, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrology
Abstract

Modern oceanic crust is constantly produced at oceanic ridges and recycled back into the mantle at subduction zones via plate tectonics. An outstanding question in geology is whether the Earth started in a non-plate tectonic regime, and if it did, when the transition to the modern regime occurred. This is a complicated question to address because Archaean rocks lack modern equivalents to anchor interpretations. Here, we present a silicon isotopic study of 4.0–2.8-Gyr-old tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorites, as well as Palaeozoic granites and modern adakites. We show that Archaean granitoids have heavier silicon isotopic compositions than granites and adakites, regardless of melting pressure. This is best explained if Archaean granitoids were formed by melting of subducted basaltic crust enriched in sedimentary silica through interaction with seawater. Before the appearance of silica-forming organisms 0.5–0.6 billion years ago, the oceans were close to silicon saturation, which led to extensive precipitation of cherts on the seafloor. This is in contrast to modern oceans, where silica biomineralization maintains dissolved silicon at low concentration. The unique heavy silicon isotope signature of cherts has been transferred to Archaean granitoids during an oceanic subduction process, which was probably responsible for the formation of felsic rocks on Archaean emerged lands. Archaean granitic rocks formed by melting of silica-enriched subducted basaltic crust through interaction with seawater, according to heavy silicon isotopes measured in Archaean samples.

Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results