1. Early-life hepatitis E infection in pigs: the importance of maternally-derived antibodies
- Author
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Maribel Casas, Nicolas Rose, Mathieu Andraud, Nicole Pavio, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Centre de Recerca Sanitat Animal, Partenaires INRAE, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), ANR, HEVECODYN' (ANR-10-CESA-0010), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)
- Subjects
vaccin ,Epidemiology ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,animal diseases ,lcsh:Medicine ,Population Modeling ,Passive immunity ,Plant Science ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,MOUTH-DISEASE ,law.invention ,Serology ,0403 veterinary science ,infection virale ,Hepatitis E virus ,law ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,Zoonoses ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,IMMUNE-RESPONSE ,PROTECTION ,EPIDEMIC MODELS ,lcsh:Science ,peste porcine ,2. Zero hunger ,Swine Diseases ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Liver Diseases ,Age Factors ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,VACCINE RESPONSES ,E VIRUS-INFECTION ,Hepatitis E ,3. Good health ,analyse bayésienne ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Infectious Diseases ,Veterinary Diseases ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Algorithms ,Research Article ,040301 veterinary sciences ,TRANSMISSION ,réponse immunitaire ,hépatite virale animale ,Population ,CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER ,BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS ,ANIMALS ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Veterinary Epidemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,fièvre aphteuse ,education ,030304 developmental biology ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Population Biology ,Infectious Hepatitis ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Plant Pathology ,medicine.disease ,Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal ,modèle epidémiologique ,Immunology ,Herd ,réaction antigène anticorps ,Colostrum ,lcsh:Q ,Veterinary Science ,Infectious Disease Modeling ,Immunity, Maternally-Acquired - Abstract
International audience; Passive immunity (PI), acquired through colostrum intake, is essential for piglet protection against pathogens. Maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) can decrease the transmission of pathogens between individuals by reducing shedding from infected animals and/or susceptibility of naive animals. Only a limited number of studies, however, have been carried out to quantify the level of protection conferred by PI in terms of transmission. In the present study, an original modeling framework was designed to estimate parameters governing the transmission of infectious agents in the presence and absence of PI. This epidemiological model accounts for the distribution of PI duration and two different forces of infection depending on the serological status of animals after colostrum intake. A Bayesian approach (Metropolis-Hastings algorithm) was used for parameter estimation. The impact of PI on hepatitis E virus transmission in piglets was investigated using longitudinal serological data from six pig farms. A strong impact of PI was highlighted, the efficiency of transmission being on average 13 times lower in piglets with maternally-derived antibodies than in fully susceptible animals (range: 5-21). Median infection-free survival ages, based on herd-specific estimates, ranged between 8.7 and 13.8 weeks in all but one herd. Indeed, this herd exhibited a different profile with a relatively low prevalence of infected pigs (50% at slaughter age) despite the similar proportions of passively immune individuals after colostrum intake. These results suggest that the age at HEV infection is not strictly dependent upon the proportion of piglets with PI but is also linked to farm-specific husbandry (mingling of piglets after weaning) and hygiene practices. The original methodology developed here, using population-based longitudinal serological data, was able to demonstrate the relative impact of MDAs on the transmission of infectious agents.
- Published
- 2014