Search

The efficient placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is crucial to minimize their number while ensuring full power system observability. A power system is deemed observable when the voltage at every bus is known. This study proposes a topology transformation approach that combines a Zero-Injection Bus (ZIB) with one of its neighboring buses to achieve optimal PMU placement. The choice of the neighboring bus for combination with the ZIB significantly influences the outcome of the merging process. To identify the optimal candidate bus for merging with the ZIB, the proposed approach utilizes three selection principles aimed at determining the minimal number of PMUs necessary for complete system observability. This study also examines the scenario of power flow measurements, formulating the problem using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations conducted in MATLAB on various IEEE Bus systems, with a detailed explanation provided using the IEEE 14-Bus system. Comparative analysis reveals that the number of PMUs obtained with the suggested method is competitive with existing techniques. Furthermore, this study includes a comparison between the IEEE 30-Bus and IEEE 14-Bus systems by inducing faults at specific buses. This is done to verify whether PMUs placed at optimal locations ensure complete coverage of all buses in both systems. The comparison also extends to evaluating the cost implications of placing PMUs solely at these optimal locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents performance analysis of power distribution system using distribution test bench. Distribution system is the part of power system in which significant portion of the power is utilized in it. The losses occur in distribution system mainly due to inherent characteristics of the number of components in the system. In this wok, we analyse the performance of distribution system having 4 feeders having different lengths supplying resistive and combination of resistive and inductive loads. The analysis includes the voltage regulation, power loss, efficiency for different loading conditions. Also shown are the improvement of terminal voltage of the feeders and receiving end power with compensation. Finally the inferences are drawn and suggestions are proposed to improve the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have emerged as crucial tools in the field of power system monitoring, control, and safety. Extensive research has been conducted on enhancing the capabilities of PMUs. Traditional SCADA techniques, which have been employed for many years, gather data on power system parameters at intervals of 4 to 10 seconds, offering a static perspective of the system's behavior. However, relying solely on static data may limit the effectiveness of the monitoring and control. On the other hand, PMUs provide real-time information about the dynamic state of the system, enabling more comprehensive insights. For the optimal and cost-effective installation of PMUs, it is vital to strategically position them in locations that effectively monitor the state of the system. The Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) approach was employed to identify the ideal PMU placement for power system observability. The ILP approach determines the most suitable positions for PMUs by considering factors such as the redundancy of measurements and cost efficiency. To validate the effectiveness of the ILP approach, it was tested using the widely recognized IEEE 14 bus system, which serves as a standard benchmark for power-system analysis. Through the ILP approach, the optimal placement of the PMUs can be determined, thereby enhancing the observability of the power system. This in turn improves situational awareness, enables effective fault detection, and facilitates coordinated control strategies. By integrating PMUs and the ILP approach, the power system monitoring and control can be significantly enhanced. Ongoing research and development in PMU technology and placement methodologies continues to advance the field, enabling more efficient and effective management of modern power grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical energy is transmitted through the electrical network from power generating station to the consumers. For this purpose, the overhead transmission line is used through which bulk power can be transferred. The conventional electrical network transmits the energy with power loss. The reason for the power loss is due to inherent characteristic of the transmission line and corona discharge which affects the performance of the transmission line. In this work, performance analysis of overhead transmission line is analyzed by developed MATLAB code and tested for different weather (fair and stormy) conditions by using peek's formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes Four-Leg based Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter (4L3P4W SAPF) supply scheme tied with Photovoltaic arrangement (PV) employed using Incremental Conductance (INC) for maximum energy point tracking technique with shunt active power filter is linked at the point of common coupling (PCC) to a rectifier feed R-L nonlinear load. The 3P4W electrical system has been extensively used to deliver power to single-phase and/or three-phase loads. Power quality is a set of conditions or confines of electrical properties that allows electrical devices to function in their designed manner without loss of performance. There are many possible ways in which electric power can be of poor quality and many more causes and effects of such poor quality power. Preferably, the voltage is fed as a sinusoidal having a frequency and a magnitude given by the international standards or system specifications. Power quality disturbance is produced by the inverters and the converters. Three-phase four-wire SAPF compensates for reactive power, mitigates harmonics, power factor correction and neutral current. The proposed control technique combine together self-tuningfilter (STF) and direct-quadrature-zero (dq0) principle (referred here as STF-dq0), allowing the controlled shunt active power filter (SAPF) to perform effectively under distorted source voltages and unbalanced load conditions. Conventional controller tuning process is difficult and fails to perform satisfactorily under supply voltage variation conditions. In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN) controller is proposed to regulate DC link voltage due to its self-adapting and rapid calculation characteristics that allow the controller to handle high nonlinearity and uncertainty in a non-linear system. Weights of a neuron are adapted to minimize total harmonic distortion (THD) of source current. The proposed control system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents Ferranti effect simulation of an unloaded long transmission line using transmission line hardware simulator. From the conducted experiment with transmission line simulator, the values of three phase voltages at sending end and receiving end were found, which proves the Ferranti effect. Further in this work, the influence of the Ferranti effect on the voltage at the receiving end when changing the line length is shown and how to overcome this effect by compensating an inductive reactor and a switching transformer taking into account a 400 km transmission line. It is concluded that shunt inductive reactance compensation will be helpful to reduce the Ferranti effect in long transmission line and maintain the acceptable voltage at the receiving end. Tap changing transformer will be useful in medium transmission line to maintain the voltage at the receiving end. This will reduce the voltage stress on the insulators in transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contingency selection and ranking using fast and accurate method has become a main issue to ensure the secured operation of power systems. This work proposes multi-layer feed forward artificial neural network (MLFFN) and radial basis function network (RBFN) to demonstrate the static security assessment. In this, the composite security index which is capable of accurately differentiating the secure and insecure cases of power system based on contingency selection, and ranking are done. For each contingency in power system, the composite security index is computed using conventional Newton-Raphson load flow analysis. The MLFFN and RBFN takes all possible loading conditions and probable contingencies as input and assess the system security by screening the credible contingencies and ranking them in the order of severity based on composite security index. The proposed approach is demonstrated by considering the IEEE 30 Bus system using MATLAB simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the use of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for mitigation of voltage sag and swell in power system. The power quality issues such as voltage fluctuations, power frequency variations, harmonics, voltage sag and swell, noise, etc., causes low power issue, low potency, enlarged losses in transmission and distribution lines, failure of electrical equipment and interference weakness with communication system. It is important to mitigate these reactive current parts and harmonic, which is done by Active Power filters. Also, voltage in all buses may not be same due to changes in load. To resolve the above issues UPFC device is used in this work. UPFC is one of the types of FACTS devices which are very useful in voltage compensation. UPFC is a three-phase device, with a combination of series and shunt active power filter with common DC link. It is employed to eliminate voltage swell and sag compensation in power system, current harmonics, compensate reactive power etc. In this paper, MATLAB (SIMULINK) based UPFC simulation model is developed and analyzed for voltage swell and sag compensation in distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present day power system is moving towards Smart Grid for more reliable, secure and economic operation. Data mining is the process of turning raw data into some useful information. Data mining is necessary as more number of PMU's added into the nations Power grid generates huge data which is necessary to take actionable insights. In this paper we are discussing state of art related to data mining techniques, present big data architecture and software languages and tools that facilitate data mining to power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present days, increasing power demand leads to operate the transmission networks at their maximum operating limits. To overcome the problem of power flow control in a power system network, Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) is included. TCSC is one of the series compensating Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices; it consists of a series compensating capacitor shunted by a Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR). The main objective of TCSC is to provide partial continuously variable impedance by cancelling the effective compensating capacitance. The aim of this work is to improve the real power flow in the transmission line under different loading conditions and also simulation is carried out for different levels of compensation. In this work, performance analysis of electrical network using MATLAB Simulink and IEEE five bus system is carried out using Mi-Power tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the step by step procedure to evaluate Available Transfer Capability (ATC) of the interconnected transmission network using Power World Simulator. Fast and accurate determination of ATC is very important in real time. Various software packages have been developed to evaluate ATC of the given system. Also, there exist linear methods for ATC calculation, which are either based upon DC or AC Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF). These are fast, but do not consider control changes such as generator reactive limits and voltage limits as the transfer limit increases. Another method to calculate ATC is Continuation Power Flow (CPF) method, which can produce accurate ATC values but requires repeated solution of power flow, and hence consumes more time. Also, there is a probabilistic approach to determine ATC, which is carried out by Monte Carlo Simulation. In this paper, PTDF method is explained to find ATC, which is implemented as Add Ons in Power World Simulator to compute ATC. The results are discussed for IEEE-14 bus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents energy conservation by energy audit and use of energy efficient lamps. In order to conserve energy and reduce electricity charges, energy audit is done for lighting system used in educational buildings and domestic applications. After comparison of energy efficiency, illumination level and cost of different bulbs, LED (Light Emitting Diode) bulbs are suggested to conserve energy, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce electricity charges. In order to demonstrate the proposed approach, different case studies are considered for energy audit and conservation of energy for the sustainable future. Finally economic analysis of energy saving and investment on LED bulbs and payback period is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the reactive power optimization and loss reduction in power system. This is a nonlinear, multivariable, multi-constrained problem, which makes the optimization process complicated. This work identifies the requirement of reactive power at a particular loading condition and optimized the same. To optimize the reactive power, MiPower software is used. The main objective of this work is to determine the quantum of compensation required to improve the voltage profile of low voltage pockets in the system and line loss reduction. MiPower model is simulated; results are tabulated and compared with analytical calculations for IEEE 14-bus system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of energy efficient street lighting plan and its implementation to a professional institution for optimum energy saving. Even though the initial cost to implement the plan is more, a considerable amount of energy saving can be obtained by choosing the efficient street lighting plan and energy efficient long life lamps. The design of street lighting scheme includes campus survey, selection of street lighting poles, cross arms and fittings as per manufacturer guidelines for proper illumination and energy efficiency. The optimum energy saving can be achieved by installing high power cool LED fittings. The designed energy efficient street lighting plan is suggested for professional institution and is implemented. This will help to increase the reliability of the electric supply and provides a considerable amount of savings in electricity charges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A development of the techniques for accurately assessing the wind power potential of site is gaining increased significance. This is because of the fact that the planning and establishment of a wind energy system depends upon various factors. Once the details of wind resource is known for potential wind power site, efficient design of a wind energy system demands optimum matching of wind turbines to the potential wind site to obtain higher plant factor. The model which is designed is useful for planning of the wind power stations as it can be applied for accurate assessment of wind power potential at a site. The Weibull model is the most used one and provides good results. However, the accurate determination of the wind speed distribution law constitutes a major problem. Multi Layer Perceptron type Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are used here for the approximation of the wind speed distribution law. In this paper, site energy characteristic is determined by means of the neural approach and compared with those obtained by the classical method. Distribution law is achieved by the neural model which provides assessments closer to the discrete distribution than the Weibull model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]