866 results on '"ANIMAL diversity conservation"'
Search Results
2. Synergies between social work, disaster management and animal-inclusive practice
- Author
-
Adamson, Carole
- Published
- 2021
3. The case of a pygmy hippopotamus 'Choeropsis liberiensis' in the Northern territory, Australia: Extrapolating from a Colombian experience
- Author
-
Mo, Matthew
- Published
- 2022
4. Ecology and ethno-ornithology of Black Kites Milvus migrans in Delhi, India
- Author
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Kumar, Nishant, Gosler, Andrew, and Sergio, Fabrizio
- Subjects
Ethnoornithology ,Animal defenses ,South Asia ,Ecology ,Home range (Animal geography) ,Animal diversity conservation - Abstract
Rapid worldwide urbanization is generating a steep growth in studies on urban ecology, but tropical cities have had extremely scarce attention. To fill this gap of knowledge, in this thesis, I studied a dense population of an avian predator and facultative scavenger, the Black Kite Milvus migrans, breeding within Delhi, a megacity with16-million-inhabitants. I studied the ways in which this species managed to adapt, respond and exploit such an extreme urban environment by running analyses at the individual as well as population-level, through sampling at 28 independent plots, stratified and (randomly) scattered, to cover all the urban configurations present in Delhi. In particular, I focused on the dependence of this population on anthropogenic subsidies, afforded as human waste (in the streets or at refuse tips) and as intentional "ritual offerings" of meat scraps for religious purposes, especially by people of Islamic faith that are concentrated in "Muslim settlements". I found that the kite breeding population was stable over the past five decades, with a diet strongly dominated by human subsidies, especially ritual offerings, and with an extremely high density that makes it the largest raptor concentration of the world. Kites were not randomly distributed in the city but over-selected areas with high human density, poor waste management and a road configuration that facilitated ready access to resources provided by humans, in particular to Muslim colonies that provided ritual subsidies. Rather than a nuisance to avoid, as previously portrayed, humans were thus a keenly-targeted foraging resource. These individual-level preferences translated into population-level effects, with kite density tightly tied to Muslim subsidies. This relationship was further modulated by nest-site availability, mainly in the form of tree availability, which paved the way to potential population manipulation through tree management. Ecological responses were accompanied and mediated by behavioural adjustments to the urban gradient, which provided adaptive benefits and generated potential conflicts with humans. In particular, offspring defence was finely-tuned on human subsidies, probably as a result of the associated parental investments and familiarity with humans. In its most extreme form, nest defence led to attacks on humans, sometimes with serious physical harm. I show that such aggression was tied to frequent exposure to humans by kites while accessing their ritual subsidies and by constant close proximity to them while breeding, as caused by local architecture (balconies in the immediate proximity of nests). Despite the conflict, I also report the extremely benevolent attitudes of local people to the attacking kites, typical of southern-Asian cultural beliefs, but extremely unusual for western urban standards. Finally, I show how the stunning predator densities observed in Delhi are generated by the local breeding subspecies, but also by thousands of Black-eared Kites of the migratory M. m. lineatus subspecies that settle in Delhi during their wintering, non-breeding period. Through GPS-tagging, I found that they migrate to Delhi from their breeding quarters of Russia, Kazakhstan, China and Mongolia through a 3300-4700 km migration in which they regularly cross the Himalaya range at elevations of up to 5000-6000 m a.s.l., an aspect hitherto unknown. I discuss all my findings in terms of their contribution to broadening our views of urban ecology so that it is more inclusive of patterns and processes that better characterize the tropical cities of non-western nations. In particular, all my results stress the overriding importance of incorporating human socio-cultural factors in urban ecological studies.
- Published
- 2019
5. Meravigliose creature : La diversità della vita come non la conosciamo
- Author
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Stefano, Mazzotti and Stefano, Mazzotti
- Subjects
- Zoology, Animal diversity conservation, Animal diversity
- Abstract
È tempo di innamorarci del nostro pianeta, riscoprendone la meraviglia e l'inesauribile varietà. È tempo di partire per un viaggio incomparabile, alla volta di luoghi di inimmaginabile ricchezza: dalla Papua Nuova Guinea al Borneo, dall'Himalaya al Mekong, dallo Sri Lanka al Madagascar, fino alle montagne della Tanzania. Pagina dopo pagina incontreremo una collezione infinita di specie che abitano il nostro pianeta, ma che rischiamo di perdere prima ancora di esser riusciti a conoscerle. Ed ecco una collezione altrettanto infinita di ragioni per impegnarci a preservare questa diversità, perché altri dopo di noi possano continuare a godere di questo portentoso spettacolo della vita, che va ben oltre le più audaci fantasie umane.
- Published
- 2024
6. Toarra-marra-monah: Maria Island: 'A history told through the eyes of a granary'
- Author
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Blood, Jonno
- Published
- 2020
7. BAT FAUNA FROM THE LIMESTONE MINES OF THE CRICOVA-GOIAN AREA OF THE ICHEL RIVER BASIN, REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA.
- Author
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Victoria, NISTREANU, Alina, LARION, Vladislav, CALDARI, and Natalia, DIBOLSCAIA
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL diversity conservation , *WATERSHEDS , *BATS , *HORSESHOE bats - Abstract
The studies were performed in 2013-2022 in limestone mines of the Cricova-Goian area. The bat fauna was represented by 10 species, 9 of which were registered in the Cricova I mines, 4 species in the Cricova II mines, 10 species in the Goianul Nou mines and 2 species in the Goian mines. The Cricova II and Goian mines are new bat sites, found in 2021-2022. In the Cricova I mines, 489 individuals from 9 species were registered during the hibernation period and Myotis daubentonii represented more than half of the bat community. The analysis of multiannual dynamics shows a stable trend of chiropteran species populations. The M. species bechsteinii and Rhinolophus hipposideros with about 10% each. In the Cricova II mines, 4 bat species were registered; the dominant one was M. daubentonii with about 85% and other species had an abundance of less than 8%. In the Goianul Nou mines, 10 species from 4 genera were recorded, but the community structure was different at the end of hibernation period, when 3 species were dominant (over'80%), and in September, when 2 species dominated (about 77%). The Goian mines have a very low depth and only two species with single individuals were registered. The diversity was the highest in Goianul Nou mines, followed by Cricova I mines, being much lower in the Cricova II and Goian mines. All the registered bat species are protected at the national and international level and the Cricova-Goian area is of great importance in animal diversity conservation in the central part of the Republic of Moldova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
8. FRANCHISING SHAPING FUTURE MINDS: Examine education franchises across Canada that equip students of all ages with the skills and knowledge to flourish.
- Subjects
TUTORS & tutoring ,TEACHER development ,SERVICE learning ,ANIMAL diversity conservation ,STUDENTS - Abstract
The article explores how to examine education franchises that help sharpen the minds of young children all the way up to post-secondary aged adults in Canada. Topics include use the team's support and maintain an entrepreneurial spirit that encounter challenges with the skills; and businesses offer the necessary skills and knowledge to achieve grade level improvement in students within small and large communities.
- Published
- 2022
9. Full STEAM ahead: Discover franchises devoted to Science, Technology, Engineering (newly introduced Arts), and Math for kids.
- Author
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BOWNESS, SUZANNE
- Subjects
STEAM education ,ANIMAL diversity conservation ,ENGINEERING ,HIGH school curriculum - Abstract
The article reports that Passionate franchisees recognizing the opportunity to supplement and surpass happening in schools with everything from coding camps to science-focused birthday parties to robotics competitions. Topics include Mad Science's after-school programs include Brixology, focused on exploring mechanical and structural principle; and animal conservation and cultural diversity through the development of creative skills, from sculpture to textiles to collage.
- Published
- 2022
10. Wie klone ich ein Mammut? : Die Rückkehr der Eiszeitgiganten
- Author
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Torill Kornfeldt and Torill Kornfeldt
- Subjects
- Animal genetic engineering, Animal diversity conservation, Extinct animals--Cloning, Extinct animals--Genetics, DNA, Fossil
- Abstract
Wie wäre es, wenn in naher Zukunft wieder Herden riesiger Mammuts in der sibirischen Tundra umherstreifen? Oder wenn mächtige Auerochsen auf deutschen Weiden grasen? Wird es eines Tages tatsächlich möglich sein, Dinosaurier zu klonen? Wenn ja, wäre das wirklich eine gute Idee? Überall auf der Welt versuchen Wissenschaftler, Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden und arbeiten daran, längst ausgestorbene Arten wiederzubeleben. Manche forschen aus purer Neugier, andere, weil sie glauben, die Rückkehr dieser Arten könne eine Bereicherung unserer Ökosysteme und eine erfolgreiche Waffe etwa im Kampf gegen den Klimawandel sein. Torill Kornfeldt spricht mit Menschen, die ausgestorbene Arten anhand von DNA aus Knochenfunden oder eingefrorenen Zellen und mithilfe grenzenloser Vorstellungskraft zu klonen versuchen. Sie zeigt, welche Auswirkungen diese Experimente auf unsere Umwelt und die Menschheit als solche hätten, und hinterfragt, wie weit wir mit unserer Forschung tatsächlich gehen sollten.
- Published
- 2018
11. Saproxylic Insects : Diversity, Ecology and Conservation
- Author
-
Michael D. Ulyshen and Michael D. Ulyshen
- Subjects
- Animal diversity conservation, Saproxylic insects
- Abstract
This volume offers extensive information on insect life in dying and dead wood. Written and reviewed by leading experts from around the world, the twenty-five chapters included here provide the most global coverage possible and specifically address less-studied taxa and topics. An overarching goal of this work is to unite literature that has become fragmented along taxonomic and geographic lines. A particular effort was made to recognize the dominant roles that social insects (e.g., termites, ants and passalid beetles) play in saproxylic assemblages in many parts of the world without overlooking the non-social members of these communities.The book is divided into four parts:· Part I “Diversity” includes chapters addressing the major orders of saproxylic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Blattodea), broadly organized in decreasing order of estimated global saproxylic diversity. In addition to order-level treatments, some chapters in this part discuss groups of particular interest, including pollinators, hymenopteran parasitoids, ants, stag and passalid beetles, and wood-feeding termites.· Part II “Ecology” discusses insect-fungal and insect-insect interactions, nutritional ecology, dispersal, seasonality, and vertical stratification.· Part III “Conservation” focuses on the importance of primary forests for saproxylic insects, offers recommendations for conserving these organisms in managed forests, discusses the relationships between saproxylic insects and fire, and addresses the value of tree hollows and highly-decomposed wood for saproxylic insects. Utilization of non-native wood by saproxylic insects and the suitability of urban environments for these organisms are also covered.· Lastly, Part IV “Methodological Advancements” highlights molecular tools for assessing saproxylic diversity. The book offers an accessible and insightful resource for natural historians of all kinds and will especially appeal to entomologists, ecologists, conservationists and foresters.
- Published
- 2018
12. The Re-Origin of Species : A Second Chance for Extinct Animals
- Author
-
Torill Kornfeldt and Torill Kornfeldt
- Subjects
- Animal genetic engineering, Animal diversity conservation, Extinct animals--Cloning, Extinct animals--Genetics, DNA, Fossil
- Abstract
What does a mammoth smell like? Do dinosaurs bob their heads as they walk, like today's birds? Do aurochs low like cows? You may soon find out. From the Siberian permafrost to balmy California, scientists across the globe are working to resurrect all kinds of extinct animals, from ones that just left us to those that have been gone for many thousands of years. Their tools in this hunt are both fossils and cutting-edge genetic technologies. Some of these scientists are driven by sheer curiosity; others view the lost species as a powerful weapon in the fight to preserve rapidly changing ecosystems. It seems certain that these animals will walk the earth again, but what world will that give us? And is any of this a good idea? Science journalist Torill Kornfeldt travelled the world to meet the men and women working to bring these animals back from the dead. Along the way, she has seen the mammoth that has been frozen for 20,000 years, and visited the places where these furry giants will live again.
- Published
- 2018
13. A review of invertebrate species of management concern on five Northern Arizona forests : final report /
- Author
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Stephens, Lawrence E., United States. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, Stephens, Lawrence E., and United States. Forest Service
- Subjects
Animal diversity conservation ,Conservation ,Ecology ,National parks and reserves ,Southwestern States ,Surveys ,Vertebrates - Published
- 2007
14. Animal Diversity, Natural History, and Conservation
- Author
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Gupta, V. K., Verma, Anil K., Gupta, V. K., and Verma, Anil K.
- Subjects
- Animal diversity, Animal diversity conservation
- Abstract
The chapters incorporated in the present Volume 5 of the book series Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation represents an extremely modest selection of several facts on the subject. The lead articles includes: •Community Ecology and Taxonomy of Polychaetes in a Tropical Estuary •Distribution of Nymphalid Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) at Different Altitudinal Habitats •A Taxonomic Review of the Genus Cyrtolabulus Van der Vecht, 1969 •Web Dynamics and Estimation of Capture Area of the Common Signature Spider, Argiope pulchella Thorell •Morphology of Cyrtophora bidenta Tikader •Effect of Insecticides on Spiders •Eco-biology of the Endemic Fruit Fly Phorticella striata •Breeding Biology and Mating Strategies of Coral Reef Shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni Gibbes •Perspective on Fish Diversity •DNA Fingerprinting in Conservational Research on Ichthyofauna •Aspects of Dietary Tactics and Choices in Little Brown Doves (Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis) •In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Red Panda •Habitat Characteristics and Foraging Ecology of Common Babbler, Turdoides caudatus caudatus •Behavioural Ecology of Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus Shaw 1791) •Ecological Crisis vis-à-vis Intraspecific Conflict: A Case Study with Rhinos •State of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus Linnaeus 1758) and its Habitat It is hoped, this volume of the series shall be a useful resource of knowledge for the biologists, environmentalists, ecologists, conservationists and people of allied disciplines engaged in respective fields of research.
- Published
- 2016
15. EDITORIAL Smart Livestock for Science… 12 months later.
- Author
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VIZZARRI, Francesco
- Subjects
ANIMAL diversity conservation ,CIRCULAR economy ,LIVESTOCK breeding ,ENDANGERED species ,ANIMAL health ,ANIMAL welfare - Abstract
The editorial from the Slovak Journal of Animal Science reflects on the journal's publishing activity over the past 12 months. The articles published in the journal have covered various aspects of animal farm production, including circular economy strategies, non-conventional feed resources, and community-based livestock programs. The incorporation of locally available novel feed resources has the potential to promote circular economy concepts, increase food security, and improve sustainable livestock production. Additionally, the research has focused on developing breeding programs to conserve animal biodiversity and monitor animal dynamics. The editorial introduces the contents of the articles published in the fourth issue of 2023, which include studies on the supplementation of hempseed cake in rabbit feed, the characterization of Muscovy ducks in Nigeria, and the husbandry practices of indigenous sheep populations. Another study investigates the use of duckweed as a forage for ruminants. The editorial team encourages the submission of contributions and emphasizes their commitment to research integrity and publishing ethics. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Production of germline chimeric quails by transplantation of cryopreserved testicular cells into developing embryos.
- Author
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Park, Kyung Je, Jung, Kyung Min, Kim, Young Min, Lee, Kyu Hyuk, and Han, Jae Yong
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL diversity conservation , *WILDLIFE conservation , *GERMPLASM conservation , *QUAILS , *EMBRYOS , *CRYOPRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *GONADS , *FROZEN human embryos - Abstract
The germplasm is a resource and tool for the conservation of genetic diversity in animals, including birds. Securing germplasm is limited in most bird species due to difficulties in semen collection and germ cell isolation, lack of germ cell-specific markers, and in vitro culture systems. Here, we report the production of germline chimeric quails by transplant of cryopreserved testicular cells (TCs) into the developing embryo. The testicular germ cell properties were maintained after freeze-thaw, with no significant reduction in cell viability irrespective of storage length. Cryopreserved TCs were transferred into Hamburger Hamilton (HH) stage 14–17 quail embryos, and were demonstrated to migrate into the embryonic gonads with similar efficiency to freshly isolated TCs. Twenty of 81 recipient embryos yielded hatchlings from cryopreserved TCs and the germline transmission efficiency was similar to that of freshly isolated cells. In conclusion, cryopreserved adult quail TCs are capable of (de)differentiation into functional gametes in recipient quail gonads and can generate donor TCs-derived progenies. This system is feasible for the isolation of sufficient germplasm resources from various bird species for conservation purposes. • Quail testicular cells (TCs) retain germ cell characteristics after cryopreservation. • Cryopreserved TCs can migrate into gonads of developing embryos. • Reversible transplantation of cryopreserved whole TCs resulted in a successful production of germline chimeras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Características morfológicas de la Cabra Criolla del Sur de Mendoza, Argentina.
- Author
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P., Dayenoff, P., Dri, J., Macario, J., Pizarro, J., Silva-Jarquin, H., Andrade-Montemayor, and L., Jaeggi
- Subjects
- *
GOATS , *GOAT breeds , *ANIMAL morphology , *ANIMAL genetics , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *GENETIC variation , *GOAT farming - Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the values of zoometric variables that define the Creole Goat of South Mendoza (Mendoza province, Argentina). Samples were taken at commercial goat farms located in South and North regions and in seven locations of San Rafael and Malargue departments of Mendoza. Eight hundred and thirty five Creole goats were sampled, with ages from two teeth up to tooth cutter, using the method proposed by FAO (2000). The variables studied were Head width (HW), Head length (HL), Height to the end of Neck (HN), Thoracic perimeter (TP), Body length (BL), Rump width (RW); Height to the Rump (HR) and Shank Perimeter (SP). The variables were analyzed using multivariate techniques principal components, discriminants, canonical populations) and clusters based on Euclídeus distances and their graphic representation as dendrograms. The results showed that all variables followed a normal distribution. In turn, uniformity in the variables was found, since Coefficient of Variation was lower than 9% in all cases. The variables that best describe the model were HN, TP, RW, SP and HN, which represent 50% of the total data variability. The dendogram showed two mixed groups where variables of locations of North and South regions were found, finding the smallest eucledian distance among locations of the South region. The Figure of the Analysis of Principal Components showed that dispersion of the variables behaves in an homogeneous way, without generating groups or subpopulations. Variable homogeneity found in this work would allow to assume that the Creole Goats of the South Mendoza would belong to a common genetic stem that would characterize them as members of a defined racial group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Utricularia gaagudju, a new species for the Northern Territory, and a recircumscription of U. kimberleyensis C.A.Gardner.
- Author
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Jobson, Richard W. and Cherry, Wayne
- Subjects
- *
BLADDERWORTS , *SPECIES distribution , *HABITATS , *ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
A new species of Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) is recognised for the Northern Territory. A description of Utricularia gaagudju R.W.Jobson & Cherry is provided along with a new circumscription for the Western Australian species U. kimberleyensis to which it was previously assigned. Diagnostic features are illustrated, and distribution, habitat, and conservation status are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Eco-break
- Author
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Green, Ronda
- Published
- 2020
20. Animal Diversity, Natural History, and Conservation
- Author
-
Verma, Anil K., Gupta, V. K., Verma, Anil K., and Gupta, V. K.
- Subjects
- Animal diversity, Animal diversity conservation
- Abstract
Present volume of the series, “Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation- Vol.2” comprises the vast body of research on the subject and includes 22 articles/chapters written by eminent researchers from various regions of India and abroad. The notable contributions included in this volume are: On the Faunal Diversity of Arunachal Pradesh: Composition, Threats and Conservation Needs The Chalcodoid Hemipteran Fauna of Western Ghats Diversity of Spiders in Kuttanad Rice Agroecosystem, Kerala, India An Overview on the Biology of Horse Mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, off the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast Perspectives of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Sustainable Agriculture Bird Community Composition in Relation to Vegetation of Ramnagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu (J&K) Conservation of Breeding Population of Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus in Eastern Nepal Differential Responses of Bats and Non-volant Small Mammals to Habitat Disturbances in two Tropical Forest Types of Southwest Ghana Diversity, Distribution and Taxonomy of Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphoidea) of Punjab (India) Exploitation, Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of Marine Mollusca in India Biology of Dominant Spiders in Kuttanad Rice Agroecosystem, Kerala, India Ecology, Status and Aberrant Behaviour of Bengal Tiger in the Indian Sundarbans It is hoped that this book shall generate database for the researchers and academicians working on this field who shall find this volume very useful in their relevant research pursuits.
- Published
- 2013
21. Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation Vol. 3
- Author
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Vijay Kumar Gupta, Anil K Verma and Vijay Kumar Gupta, Anil K Verma
- Subjects
- Animal diversity, Animal diversity conservation
- Abstract
The present volume, “Animal Diversity, Natural History and Conservation- Vol. 3” with 22 chapters of the series has been compiled and the important contributions include: Bacterial Diversity in Faecal Microbiota of Badgers Meles meles Linnaeus (1758), in Portugal Diversity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in India: An Overview Investigation of Termite Biodiversity in the Foot Hills of Maruthamalai, Western Ghats Region, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Biodiversity of Spittle Bugs in the Foot Hills of Maruthamalai, Western Ghats Region, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu Status, Diversity and Distribution of Freshwater Mollusca of India Distribution and Conservation Status of Syngnathids Fish, Family Syngnathidae: A Review Diversity of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoise in Northeast India A Glimpse of the Avifaunal Diversity of Jammu Himalayas Ecology and Status of the Ganges Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica): India's National Aquatic Animal, in Southern West Bengal Ecology of Spotted Owlet (Athene brama Temminck, 1821) in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Natural History of the Little Known Endemic Mammal Herpestes palustris in Southern West Bengal, India Animal Diversity in Kuldiha Wildlife Santuary, Odisha, India Changing Habitat Considerations for Conservation of the Asian Openbill (Anastomus oscitans) in the Raigang (Kulik) Bird Santuary, Raigang, India Human-Elephant Conflict: Case Studies from Karanjia and Suggested Measures for Mitigation The book with it's balanced approach will be a valuable and an important research compendium that shall stimulate interest and satisfy the need of the ecologists, environmentalist and the conservationists to some extent.
- Published
- 2013
22. The Texotics.
- Author
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Elbein, Asher
- Subjects
EXOTIC animals ,RANCHES ,ENDANGERED species ,ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
The article highlights the growing population of wild species and evolution of exotic animals in an animal ranch in Texas. Topics include the rising growth of endangered species; and the Y.O. Ranch Headquarters' initiatives by ranchers for protection and maintain ace of species in the conservation area.
- Published
- 2020
23. Estimating the Species Richness of Anuran Fauna at Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin Using Non-Parametric Estimators.
- Author
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Awang, Muhammad Taufik, Mohamed, Maryati, Tokiman, Lili, and Ahmad, Amirrudin
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *TOAD ecology ,ANURA physiology ,TAMAN Negara (Malaysia) - Abstract
Species richness estimators were used to estimate total number species that can be found in the study area. A well-established checklist that serves as the baseline data is important to help in managing a protected area properly. A nine-month sampling of anuran fauna at Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin (TNJER), a protected area in Johor, Malaysia were done along three streams known as Sungai Da'ah, Sungai Semawak, and Sungai Kawal, using Visual Encounter Survey (VES). Estimates software was used to estimate anuran species richness using nine non-parametric species richness estimators with the aim to determine their species richness. In total, 772 individuals of anurans were captured compromise from five families and 20 species of frogs and toads. Species observed (Sobs) does not reach asymptote and species richness estimators predicted that one to seven additional species might be missing from the list. The results showed that the observed species richness was underestimated. Nonetheless, these findings are important and it would contribute to the understanding of anuran species composition and diversity in TNJER and the information can be used for a monitoring program to conserve the diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Reptile Biodiversity : Standard Methods for Inventory and Monitoring
- Author
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Dr. Roy W. McDiarmid, Dr. Mercedes S. Foster, Dr. Craig Guyer, Dr. J. Whitfield Gibbons, Dr. Neil Chernoff, Dr. Roy W. McDiarmid, Dr. Mercedes S. Foster, Dr. Craig Guyer, Dr. J. Whitfield Gibbons, and Dr. Neil Chernoff
- Subjects
- Animal diversity conservation, Reptile populations--Research--Methodology, Reptiles--Conservation
- Abstract
From tiny, burrowing lizards to rainforest canopy-dwellers and giant crocodiles, reptile populations everywhere are changing. Yet government and conservation groups are often forced to make important decisions about reptile conservation and management based on inadequate or incomplete data. With contributions from nearly seventy specialists, this volume offers a comprehensive guide to the best methods for carrying out standardized quantitative and qualitative surveys of reptiles, while maximizing comparability of data between sites, across habitats and taxa, and over time. The contributors discuss each method, provide detailed protocols for its implementation, and suggest ways to analyze the data, making this volume an essential resource for monitoring and inventorying reptile abundance, population status, and biodiversity. Reptile Biodiversity covers topics including:• terrestrial, marine, and aquatic reptiles• equipment recommendations and limitations• ethics of monitoring and inventory activities• statistical procedures• designing sampling programs• using PDAs in the field
- Published
- 2012
25. Conservation of Faunal Diversity in Forested Landscapes
- Author
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R.M. DeGraaf, R.I. Miller, R.M. DeGraaf, and R.I. Miller
- Subjects
- Forest animals, Wildlife conservation, Forest ecology, Animal diversity conservation
- Abstract
Forest wildlife conservation is critically required in many parts of the world today. This book presents a merger between the elements of wildlife conservation and habitat conservation, and explains how these disciplines can be used to promote the conservation of vertebrates in forests around the world.
- Published
- 2012
26. A GENERALISED CLASS OF ESTIMATOR OF POPULATION MEAN WITH THE COMBINED EFFECT OF MEASUREMENT ERRORS AND NON-RESPONSE IN SAMPLE SURVEY.
- Author
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Singh, Neha and Vishwakarma, Gajendra K.
- Subjects
- *
MEAN square algorithms , *SIMULATION methods & models , *REGRESSION analysis , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *MEXICAN wolf - Abstract
In this paper, a general method of estimation has been proposed to estimate the combined effect of measurement error and non-response in the estimation of population mean using auxiliary information in simple random sampling. The expressions of mean square errors of the proposed estimators have been derived under large sampling approximation. Mean squared errors of the proposed class of estimators have been compared with the existing corresponding estimators based on the measurement error and non-response, and are found to be more efficient. It is also shown that the estimators envisaged by others are a particular member of the proposed class of estimators. In the end, a simulation study has been carried out to verify the superiority of the proposed estimators. Both theoretical and empirical findings are encouraging and support the soundness of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
27. Limited contributions of released animals from zoos to North American conservation translocations.
- Author
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Brichieri‐Colombi, Typhenn A., Lloyd, Natasha A., McPherson, Jana M., and Moehrenschlager, Axel
- Subjects
- *
ZOO animal behavior , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ANIMAL introduction , *AMPHIBIAN behavior , *AQUARIUMS - Abstract
With the loss of biodiversity accelerating, conservation translocations such as reintroductions are becoming an increasingly common conservation tool. Conservation translocations must source individuals for release from either wild or captive‐bred populations. We asked what proportion of North American conservation translocations rely on captive breeding and to what extent zoos and aquaria (hereafter zoos) fulfill captive breeding needs. We searched for mention of captive breeding and zoo involvement in all 1863 articles included in the North American Conservation Translocations database, which comprises journal articles and grey literature published before 2014 on conservation translocations in Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America before 2014 as identified by a comprehensive literature review. Conservation translocations involved captive breeding for 162 (58%) of the 279 animal species translocated. Fifty‐four zoos contributed animals for release. The 40 species of animals bred for release by zoos represented only 14% of all animal species for which conservation translocations were published and only 25% of all animal species that were bred for releases occurring in North America. Zoo contributions varied by taxon, ranging from zoo‐bred animals released in 42% of amphibian conservation translocations to zero contributions for marine invertebrates. Proportional involvement of zoos in captive‐breeding programs for release has increased from 1974 to 2014 (r = 0.325, p = 0.0313) as has the proportion of translocation‐focused scientific papers coauthored by zoo professionals (from 0% in 1974 to 42% in 2013). Although zoos also contribute to conservation translocations through education, funding, and professional expertise, increasing the contribution of animals for release in responsible conservation translocation programs presents a future conservation need and opportunity. We especially encourage increased dialogue and planning between the zoo community, academic institutions, and governments to optimize the direct contribution zoos can make to wildlife conservation through conservation translocations. Article impact statement: Zoos contribute animals to 14% of published North American animal conservation translocations and 25% of linked captive breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Optimum contribution selection for animal breeding and conservation: the R package optiSel.
- Author
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Wellmann, Robin
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL breeding , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ANIMAL genetics , *SELECTION indexes (Animal breeding) , *ARTIFICIAL selection of livestock , *INTROGRESSION (Genetics) , *ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Background: Selecting animals for breeding in the optimum way plays an essential role for the management of genetic resources and in selective breeding of livestock species. It requires to compute the optimum genetic contribution of each selection candidate to the next generation. Current software packages for optimum contribution selection (OCS) are not able to handle the main conflicting objectives of animal breeding programs simultaneously, which includes to increase genetic gain, to increase or to maintain genetic diversity, to recover the original genetic background of endangered breeds with historic introgression, and to maintain or increase genetic diversity at native alleles. Results: The free R package optiSel offers functions for estimating the above mentioned parameters from pedigree and marker data, and for solving OCS problems. One parameter can be optimized, whereas the remaining ones can be constrained. The results reveal the optimum numbers of offspring of all selection candidates, and can subsequently be used for mate allocation. Different solvers can be used. Solver slsqp was superior when the genetic diversity at native alleles was to be maximized, whereas solvers cccp and cccp2 were superior for all other OCS problems. Conclusion: Optimum contribution selection applied to local breeds requires special attention due to the conflicting objectives of their breeding programs. The free R package optiSel is an easy-to-use software taking these conflicting objectives into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Species delimitation in mammals: A comment on Zachos (2018).
- Author
-
Gippoliti, Spartaco
- Subjects
- *
CLASSIFICATION of mammals , *ANIMAL species , *TAXONOMY , *MAMMAL diversity , *ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
Abstract Mammalian taxonomy based on the diagnosability version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept – considered as an operational manifestation of the Evolutionary Species Concept - offers a sound and verifiable base for understanding mammalian classification. There is now strong evidence that a taxonomy dominated by the Biological Synthesis (overlumped) has had deleterious effects on biodiversity conservation, while examples of its benefits remain obscure. It is interesting to note that when dealing with important issues (such as human health) the choice of taxonomy is necessarily analysis-based. In this reply to Zachos (2018), it is emphasized that we should avoid encouraging mistrust in taxonomy that can have negative consequences for taxonomists and taxonomic infrastructures. It is reinstated that while discussion over species concepts is fully legitimate, no doubt taxonomy is crucial to effective monitoring and conservation of mammal biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Model selection with overdispersed distance sampling data.
- Author
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Matthiopoulos, Jason, Buckland, Stephen T., Howe, Eric J., Després‐Einspenner, Marie‐Lyne, and Kühl, Hjalmar S.
- Subjects
SAMPLING (Process) ,ACQUISITION of data ,ANIMAL population density ,SIMULATION methods & models ,ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
Distance sampling (DS) is a widely used framework for estimating animal abundance. DS models assume that observations of distances to animals are independent. Non‐independent observations introduce overdispersion, causing model selection criteria such as AIC or AICc to favour overly complex models, with adverse effects on accuracy and precision.We describe, and evaluate via simulation and with real data, estimators of an overdispersion factor (c^), and associated adjusted model selection criteria (QAIC) for use with overdispersed DS data. In other contexts, a single value of c^ is calculated from the "global" model, that is the most highly parameterised model in the candidate set, and used to calculate QAIC for all models in the set; the resulting QAIC values, and associated ΔQAIC values and QAIC weights, are comparable across the entire set. Candidate models of the DS detection function include models with different general forms (e.g. half‐normal, hazard rate, uniform), so it may not be possible to identify a single global model. We therefore propose a two‐step model selection procedure by which QAIC is used to select among models with the same general form, and then a goodness‐of‐fit statistic is used to select among models with different forms. A drawback of this approach is that QAIC values are not comparable across all models in the candidate set.Relative to AIC, QAIC and the two‐step model selection procedure avoided overfitting and improved the accuracy and precision of densities estimated from simulated data. When applied to six real datasets, adjusted criteria and procedures selected either the same model as AIC or a model that yielded a more accurate density estimate in five cases, and a model that yielded a less accurate estimate in one case.Many DS surveys yield overdispersed data, including cue counting surveys of songbirds and cetaceans, surveys of social species including primates, and camera‐trapping surveys. Methods that adjust for overdispersion during the model selection stage of DS analyses therefore address a conspicuous gap in the DS analytical framework as applied to species of conservation concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Using large spatial scale camera trap data and hierarchical occupancy models to evaluate species richness and occupancy of rare and elusive wildlife communities in southwest China.
- Author
-
Li, Xueyou, Bleisch, William V., Jiang, Xuelong, and Santini, Luca
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ANIMAL traps , *ANIMAL species , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *MOUNTAIN forests , *HABITAT conservation , *MOUNTAIN plants - Abstract
Aim: Owing to the broad use of camera traps, integration and standardization among camera trap studies has become key to maximizing their utility for local and global biodiversity conservation. Our goal was to introduce the use of a hierarchical modelling framework in the context of coordinated biodiversity monitoring to compare species richness and occupancy by integrating camera trap data from multiple study areas. Location: Southwest China. Methods: We used hierarchical occupancy models to integrate camera trap data for elusive mammal and pheasant communities from three study areas representing different habitat types: alpine and subalpine zones, dry‐hot valleys and subtropical montane forests. We evaluate the responses of species occurrence to human influence and habitat parameters based on a Bayesian approach. Results: We captured photographs of 23 mammal and 7 pheasant species over 10,095 trap nights. The model revealed that the alpine and subalpine zones supported the highest species richness of the target communities among the three habitat types. Surprisingly, dry‐hot valleys supported similar levels of species richness to subtropical montane forest. Species richness showed a similar bell‐shaped relationship with elevation, with the richness curve peaking at intermediate elevations at about 3500 m above sea level (asl). Posterior distributions for community‐level hyper‐parameters indicated the consistent and negative effects of human disturbance on species occupancy. The community model also revealed a strong quadratic relationship between elevation and occupancy, with the highest occupancy occurring at about 3700 m asl. Main conclusion: Using hierarchical occupancy models for integrating camera trap data from multiple study areas, we show that alpine/subalpine zone and dry‐hot valleys have the highest richness and should be given more priority for conservation of biodiversity in southwest China. We recommend broader application of the hierarchical occupancy modelling approach to camera trap data to obtain more comprehensive insights relevant to regional biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. WILD AT HEART.
- Author
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Irwin, Aisling
- Subjects
- *
ORANGUTANS , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *BIOLOGICAL extinction - Abstract
Discusses the possible extinction of orangutans because of loss of habitats due to illegal logging and forest fires. Rehabilitation efforts to promote survival skills that are crucial to conservation of the species; Work of Herman Rijksen to improve standards for the animals' reintroduction into the wild; Obstacles that animals face after release; Controversy about Rijksen's method of promoting survival skills among captive orangutans; Reference to studies on orangutan survival and lack of information about survival rates.
- Published
- 2001
33. Farm animal genetic resources and the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Gandini, Gustavo and Hiemstra, Sipke Joost
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,GERMPLASM ,DOMESTIC animals ,PANDEMICS ,ANIMAL diversity ,ANIMAL diversity conservation - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Zoo Conservation Biology
- Author
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John E. Fa, Stephan M. Funk, Donnamarie O'Connell, John E. Fa, Stephan M. Funk, and Donnamarie O'Connell
- Subjects
- Zoos--Philosophy, Animal diversity conservation, Captive wild animals--Breeding
- Abstract
In the face of ever-declining biodiversity, zoos have a major role to play in species conservation. Written by professionals involved in in situ conservation and restoration projects internationally, this is a critical assessment of the contribution of zoos to species conservation through evidence amassed from a wide range of sources. The first part outlines the biodiversity context within which zoos should operate, introducing the origins and global spread of zoos and exploring animal collection composition. The second part focuses on the basic elements of keeping viable captive animal populations. It considers the consequences of captivity on animals, the genetics of captive populations and the performance of zoos in captive breeding. The final part examines ways in which zoos can make a significant difference to conservation now and in the future. Bridging the gap between pure science and applied conservation, this is an ideal resource for both conservation biologists and zoo professionals.
- Published
- 2011
35. Implementing 'Bio-Prospecting Reproductive Knowledge': an Effort Scenario to Conserved Indonesian Biodiversity and Endemicity toward a Post-modern Globalized World.
- Author
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Djati, Muhammad Sasmito
- Subjects
- *
PLANT diversity , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *HERBAL medicine , *GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Indonesia has a mega-diversity of plant and animal. The local people in Indonesia usually take the benefits of plant diversity in their environment. The use of herbal medicine is widespread, not only for local people but also for modern society. The aim of this study is to review plant medicine with a role in the reproduction system of Indonesian society, and also conservation biodiversity efforts of endemic plants in Indonesia. These include Sauropus androgynus, Elephantopus scaber, and Polycias obtusa. All of them have already been proven as stimuli of the reproductive system, with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The role of rural community in Indonesia was to conserve the herbal plants in their environment and obtain some benefits to maintain their good health. Besides rural communities, government, companies, and researchers also have a role in the conservation of herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Identifying conservation priorities for threatened Eastern Himalayan mammals.
- Author
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Dorji, Sangay, Rajaratnam, Rajanathan, Falconi, Lorena, Williams, Stephen E., Sinha, Priyakant, and Vernes, Karl
- Subjects
- *
MAMMALS , *WILDLIFE conservation , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ECOSYSTEM management , *SPECIES distribution , *ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Abstract: To augment mammal conservation in the Eastern Himalayan region, we assessed the resident 255 terrestrial mammal species and identified the 50 most threatened species based on conservation status, endemism, range size, and evolutionary distinctiveness. By using the spatial analysis package letsR and the complementarity core‐area method in the conservation planning software Zonation, we assessed the current efficacy of their protection and identified priority conservation areas by comparing protected areas (PAs), land cover, and global ecoregion 2017 maps at a 100 × 100 m spatial scale. The 50 species that were most threatened, geographically restricted, and evolutionarily distinct faced a greater extinction risk than globally nonthreatened and wide‐ranging species and species with several close relatives. Small, medium‐sized, and data‐deficient species faced extinction from inadequate protection in PAs relative to wide‐ranging charismatic species. There was a mismatch between current PA distribution and priority areas for conservation of the 50 most endangered species. To protect these species, the skewed regional PA distribution would require expansion. Where possible, new PAs and transboundary reserves in the 35 priority areas we identified should be established. There are adequate remaining natural areas in which to expand current Eastern Himalayan PAs. Consolidation and expansion of PAs in the EH requires strengthening national and regional transboundary collaboration, formulating comprehensive regional land‐use plans, diversifying conservation funding, and enhancing information sharing through a consolidated regional database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Quantifying species recovery and conservation success to develop an IUCN Green List of Species.
- Author
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Akçakaya, H. Resit, Bennett, Elizabeth L., Brooks, Thomas M., Grace, Molly K., Heath, Anna, Hedges, Simon, Hilton‐Taylor, Craig, Hoffmann, Michael, Keith, David A., Long, Barney, Mallon, David P., Meijaard, Erik, Milner‐Gulland, E. J., Rodrigues, Ana S. L., Rodriguez, Jon Paul, Stephenson, P. J., Stuart, Simon N., and Young, Richard P.
- Subjects
- *
WILDLIFE conservation , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ECOSYSTEM management , *SPECIES distribution , *ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Abstract: Stopping declines in biodiversity is critically important, but it is only a first step toward achieving more ambitious conservation goals. The absence of an objective and practical definition of species recovery that is applicable across taxonomic groups leads to inconsistent targets in recovery plans and frustrates reporting and maximization of conservation impact. We devised a framework for comprehensively assessing species recovery and conservation success. We propose a definition of a fully recovered species that emphasizes viability, ecological functionality, and representation; and use counterfactual approaches to quantify degree of recovery. This allowed us to calculate a set of 4 conservation metrics that demonstrate impacts of conservation efforts to date (conservation legacy); identify dependence of a species on conservation actions (conservation dependence); quantify expected gains resulting from conservation action in the medium term (conservation gain); and specify requirements to achieve maximum plausible recovery over the long term (recovery potential). These metrics can incentivize the establishment and achievement of ambitious conservation targets. We illustrate their use by applying the framework to a vertebrate, an invertebrate, and a woody and an herbaceous plant. Our approach is a preliminary framework for an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Green List of Species, which was mandated by a resolution of IUCN members in 2012. Although there are several challenges in applying our proposed framework to a wide range of species, we believe its further development, implementation, and integration with the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species will help catalyze a positive and ambitious vision for conservation that will drive sustained conservation action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Combining biological and socio‐political criteria to set spatial conservation priorities for the endangered African wild dog.
- Author
-
Kuiper, T., Dickman, A. J., Hinks, A. E., Sillero‐Zubiri, C., Macdonald, E. A., and Macdonald, D. W.
- Subjects
- *
AFRICAN wild dog , *ENDANGERED species , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *RATE of return , *PROTECTED area management - Abstract
Abstract: The effectiveness of biodiversity conservation projects is influenced by socio‐political context, a reality overlooked by traditional prioritization schemes that use only measures of biological value and threat when deciding where to invest limited conservation resources. We combined ecological and socio‐political criteria to illuminate options for prioritizing investment in African wild dog Lycaon pictus conservation among countries and subpopulations. Countries and subpopulations were assigned scores for conservation priority (based on their wild dog populations) and conservation likelihood (based on their governance quality and other indicators of the likelihood of effective conservation action for wild dogs). Seven of the 19 wild dog countries scored above the median value for both priority and likelihood and supported 74% of the total wild dog population. Investment in these ‘higher priority, higher likelihood’ countries may offer the greatest returns on conservation investment. The intention of this study is not, however, to be prescriptive, nor to suggest abandoning disadvantaged countries, but to provide a tool for understanding and managing trade‐offs between where conservation is most needed for wild dogs and where it is most feasible. The prioritization framework presented in this paper may easily and profitably be applied to other taxa, extending the scope of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Exploring the value of overseas biodiversity to Chinese netizens based on willingness to pay for the African elephants' protection.
- Author
-
Wang, Zhengzao, Gong, Yazhen, and Mao, Xianqiang
- Subjects
- *
WILLINGNESS to pay , *ELEPHANTS , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *IVORY industry , *ELEPHANT trade - Abstract
For a long time, Chinese people have been considered to be concerned only with commercial interests but not ecological systems and biodiversity conservation, even though their trade and investment footprints are globalizing rapidly. This study intended to reveal the non-market valuation on the non-use value of African elephant to Chinese people. Taking the ban of ivory trade as the background, in this study, Chinese netizens' willingness to pay for African elephant conservation was investigated using the contingent valuation method. Four versions of questionnaires were designed and distinguished by offering different background information and payment vehicles (tax and donation). It was demonstrated that the differences in both given information and payment vehicles had no significant impacts on the estimated mean willingness to pay value. 53.36% of the respondents gave positive responses for the hypothetical projects of African elephant protection. The mean willingness to pay was 83.62 RMB (12.59 USD) and 158.58 RMB (23.88 USD) per year per household and the aggregated willingness to pay or benefits for the protection of African elephants from Chinese netizens were estimated to be 16.31 billion RMB (2.45 billion USD) and 30.92 billion RMB (4.65 billion USD) per year after grouping regression and benefit transfer adjustments, respectively. The current research shows that Chinese people, living thousands kilometers away from Africa, have a high public awareness for and valuation to the endangered elephants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The first red list of Italian butterflies.
- Author
-
Bonelli, Simona, Casacci, Luca P., Barbero, Francesca, Cerrato, Cristiana, Dapporto, Leonardo, Sbordoni, Valerio, Scalercio, Stefano, Zilli, Alberto, Battistoni, Alessia, Teofili, Corrado, Rondinini, Carlo, and Balletto, Emilio
- Subjects
- *
BIODIVERSITY , *BUTTERFLIES , *NATURE reserves , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *ECOLOGICAL heterogeneity , *REFORESTATION - Abstract
Abstract: The Italian biodiversity is among the richest in Europe. In particular, the Italian butterfly fauna includes almost 300 native species, and within the Euro‐Mediterranean area is second in species richness only to Turkey. Italy, however, has suffered from the lack of suitable instruments to evaluate the extinction risk of individual butterfly species on the basis of internationally recognised standards. We have been working to create the first Italian Red List for butterflies. The achievement of this goal was divided into three actions: (i) the institution of a network of experts on butterfly conservation; (ii) the evaluation of the extinction risk for all Italian butterfly species; (iii) the integration of the baseline information provided by the Italian Red Lists of other taxa crucial for future evaluations of biodiversity trends in Italy. Assessments of extinction risks were based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria following their most updated guidelines and were discussed during workshops involving experts from different Italian regions. All native Italian butterflies were included in the evaluation. The whole national population of each species was evaluated, including those on large and small islands. Of 289 butterfly species assessed, one has become Regionally Extinct recently. Threatened species are 18 in total, corresponding to 6.3% of the species assessed. The majority of Italian butterfly populations are stable. The main threats to Italian butterflies are natural reforestation, as a consequence of rural land abandonment, agricultural intensification and climate change for species living at high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A newly discovered biodiversity hotspot of manyplumed moths in the Mount Cameroon area: first report on species diversity, with description of nine new species (Lepidoptera, Alucitidae).
- Author
-
Ustjuzhanin, Peter, Kovtunovich, Vasily, Sáfián, Szabolcs, Maicher, Vincent, and Tropek, Robert
- Subjects
- *
INSECT diversity , *MOTH behavior , *ALUCITIDAE , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *RAIN forests - Abstract
Fifteen species of many-plumed moths are recorded from the Mount Cameroon area, SW Cameroon, West Africa. Nine species: Alucita longipenis Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. lidiya Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. ludmila Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. escobari Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. mischenini Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. fokami Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. janeceki Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., A. besongi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., and A. olga Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, sp. n., are described as new for science. Four species are recorded as new from Cameroon: A. acalyptra, A. chloracta, A. coffeina, and A. spicifera. By these records, the Mount Cameroon area has become the richest known Afrotropical locality for the Alucitidae, highlighting its tremendous value for biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Strategic national approach for improving the conservation management of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia.
- Author
-
Taylor, Gary S., Braby, Michael F., Moir, Melinda L., Harvey, Mark S., Sands, Don P. A., New, Tim R., Kitching, Roger L., McQuillan, Peter B., Hogendoorn, Katja, Glatz, Richard V., Andren, Mick, Cook, James M., Henry, Shasta C., Valenzuela, Isabel, and Weinstein, Phil
- Subjects
- *
INSECT conservation , *INVERTEBRATES , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *ANIMALS , *ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
Abstract: Despite progress in recent decades, the conservation management of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia is challenging and remains a formidable task against a background of poor taxonomic and biological knowledge, limited resources (funds and scientific expertise) and a relatively low level of community engagement, education and awareness. In this review, we propose a new, strategic national approach for the conservation of insects and allied invertebrates in Australia to complement and build on existing actions and increase awareness with the general public and government. A review of all species listed under relevant State and Territory Acts, national legislation (EPBC Act) and on international lists (IUCN Red List) indicated that of the 285 species currently listed under these conservation schedules, 10 (3%) are considered extinct, 204 (72%) threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) and 71 (25%) are classified as other (Threatened, Near Threatened, Rare or Least Concern). Comparison of the geographic ranges of listed species in relation to bioregions (IBRA regions) shows a striking discordance in spatial representation across the Australian landscape, reflecting an ad hoc approach to threatened species conservation and the concentration of invertebrate biologists in urban centres of temperate coastal Australia. There is a positive relationship between the number of threatened species and extent of protection according to the National Reserve System within each IBRA region, exemplifying the anomaly in spatial representativeness of listed species. To overcome these shortfalls, we propose a novel educational, regional approach based on selecting, for each of the 89 IBRA regions, a relatively small set of ‘flagship taxa’ (threatened species and/or ‘iconic’ species of high scientific/social value), which are then promoted and/or nominated for listing by the scientific community. Such species could be adopted by local community groups whereby a community‐based regional approach would ensure spatial representativeness of insect conservation across the entire Australian continent. This novel approach may ultimately provide a better strategy for the conservation management of habitats and threatened ecological communities, reducing extinction risk of threatened species and addressing key threatening processes. Members of the Australian entomological community are strongly encouraged to nominate candidate taxa as flagship species for wider promotion and/or listing nationally under the EPBC Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Density of leopards (<italic>Panthera pardus kotiya</italic>) in Horton Plains National Park in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.
- Author
-
Kittle, Andrew M. and Watson, Anjali C.
- Subjects
- *
LEOPARD , *ANIMAL population density , *PREY availability , *ENDANGERED species , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *MOUNTAIN ecology , *ANIMAL behavior ,HORTON Plains National Park (Sri Lanka) - Abstract
Quantitative ecological data needs to inform management of the endangered, endemic Sri Lankan leopard. Estimating habitat-specific leopard density and prey availability provides important baselines and improved understanding of the island-wide population. We used remote cameras in a spatially explicit capture-recapture framework to estimate leopard density (11.7 adult individuals/100 km2) and distance sampling to estimate prey density, within Horton Plains National Park. Sambar density was 178/km2 within the central grasslands, which represent a spatially anchored resource for sambar and in turn, a highly clumped, abundant resource for leopards. This study represents the first robust estimate of leopard density in Sri Lanka’s montane zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Key environmental determinants of global and regional richness and endemism patterns for a wild bee subfamily.
- Author
-
Bystriakova, Nadia, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., and Kuhlmann, Michael
- Subjects
POLLINATORS ,POLLINATION ,BEES ,INSECT diversity ,ANIMAL diversity conservation ,EFFECT of environment on animals ,ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature - Abstract
Reports of world-wide decline of pollinators, and of bees in particular, raise increasing concerns about maintenance of pollination interactions. While local factors of bee decline are relatively well known and potential mitigation strategies at the landscape scale have been outlined, the regional and continental-scale threats to bee diversity have only been marginally explored. Here we document large-scale spatial patterns for a representative bee subfamily, the determinants of its species richness, and assess major threats to these pollinators. Using a comprehensive global dataset of Colletinae (genera Colletes, also called 'polyester' or 'cellophane' bees for their underground nests lined with a polyester secretion, and Mourecotelles), a species-rich subfamily whose organismal and physiological ecology is representative of many bees, we measured species richness and endemism on global to continental scales. We explored the relationships between bee species richness and potential environmental stress factors grouped into three categories: contemporary climate, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic pressure. Bees of the subfamily Colletinae demonstrate the reversed latitudinal gradient in species richness and endemism suggested for bees; the highest species richness of Colletinae was found between 30° and 50° latitude in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Centres of endemism largely overlapped with those of species richness. The importance of the Greater Cape Floristic Region, previously identified as a centre of richness and endemism of bees, was confirmed for Colletinae. On the global scale, present-day climate was a significant predictor of species richness as was flowering plant diversity represented by vascular plant species richness and centres of plant diversity. Our main conclusion is that climate change constitutes a potential threat to bee diversity, as does declining diversity of vascular plants. However, a significant overlap between centres of bee richness and plant diversity might increase chances for developing conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Ten unique and charismatic new species of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from North America.
- Author
-
Fernandez-Triana, Jose
- Subjects
- *
MICROGASTER , *SPECIES diversity , *PARASITOIDS , *ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
Ten new species within four genera of Microgastrinae parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are described from Canada and United States: Diolcogaster ichiroi, Diolcogaster miamensis, Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae, Microgaster archboldensis, Microgaster syntopic, Microplitis altissimus, Microplitis jorgeluisi, Microplitis juanmanueli, Microplitis julioalbertoi, and Microplitis mariamargaritae. The new taxa are significant because they represent the first North American records of a tropical group (species of the basimacula group in Diolcogaster), exemplify interesting ecological cases (niche-based host selection in Glyptapanteles, syntopic species in Microgaster), and showcase unique morphological features and/or altitudinal records (Microplitis). Most of the new species were collected in protected areas or areas with strong research programs (Archbold Biological Station and hammock forests near Miami, Florida; Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, and Mount Evans Wilderness Area, Colorado; Sapelo Island, Georgia; Tonto National Forest, Arizona), and thus are also of value and interest for conservation and research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Orthoptera fauna of the Stelvio National Park, Italy.
- Author
-
BARONI, Daniele, BONIFACINO, Marco, CRISTIANO, Luca, ROSSI, Roberta, PEDROTTI, Luca, and SINDACO, Roberto
- Subjects
- *
ORTHOPTERA , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
Within the Project "animal Biodiversity Monitoring in the alpine Environment" the Orthoptera fauna has been studied in a threeyear period (2013-2015). The first check-list of the protected area, with ecological and biogeographical notes, is presented. We found 40 species (16 Ensifera, 24 Caelifera), corresponding to 11% of the Italian Orthoptera fauna. a geographic differentiation in species distribution among the three areas (alto adige - BZ, Trentino - TN and Lombardy - BS and SO) has been detected. The genus Barbitistes is represented by B. serricauda in alto adige and B. alpinus in Trentino and Lombardy. Kisella irena is restricted to Peio and Rabbi Valleys only, in connection with this species distribution in Trentino. Within the Park, Euthystira brachyptera is distributed only in Lombardy, despite its habitat is apparently extensively available also in Trentino and alto adige. We found Omocestus haemorrhoidalis and Chorthippus vagans only in Val Venosta (BZ). Only two species, previously reported for the study area, has not been detected during our surveys: Celes variabilis and Ruspolia nitidula. The first site of presence of Tettigonia caudata, rare in Italy, within the Park boundaries has been discovered near Martello (BZ). Two endangered taxa of high conservation value, Epacromius tergestinus ponticus and Crysochraon dispar, reported in the last Century just outside the Park boundaries, are probably extinct today due to habitat loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Wildlife and spiritual knowledge at the edge of protected areas: raising another voice in conservation.
- Author
-
Bortolamiol, Sarah, Krief, Sabrina, Chapman, Colin A., Kagoro, Wilson, Seguya, Andrew, and Cohen, Marianne
- Subjects
- *
WILDLIFE conservation , *PROTECTED areas , *ANIMAL diversity conservation , *TOURIST attractions , *HUMAN-animal relationships - Abstract
International guidelines recommend the integration of local communities within protected areas management as a means to improve conservation efforts. However, local management plans rarely consider communities knowledge about wildlife and their traditions to promote biodiversity conservation. In the Sebitoli area of Kibale National Park, Uganda, the contact of local communities with wildlife has been strictly limited at least since the establishment of the park in 1993. The park has not develop programs, outside of touristic sites, to promote local traditions, knowledge, and beliefs in order to link neighboring community members to nature. To investigate such links, we used a combination of semidirected interviews and participative observations (N= 31) with three communities. While human and wildlife territories are legally disjointed, results show that traditional wildlife and spiritual related knowledge trespasses them and the contact with nature is maintained though practice, culture, and imagination. More than 66% of the people we interviewed have wild animals as totems, and continue to use plants to medicate, cook, or build. Five spirits structure humanwildlife relationships at specific sacred sites. However, this knowledge varies as a function of the location of local communities and the sacred sites. A better integration of local wildlifefriendly knowledge into management plans may revive communities' connectedness to nature, motivate conservation behaviors, and promote biodiversity conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Australia's other mammals: The mice and rats
- Author
-
Breed, Bill
- Published
- 2014
49. Conserving our invertebrate heritage
- Author
-
New, Tim
- Published
- 2014
50. African wild donkey.
- Subjects
ENDANGERED species ,FOALS ,ANIMAL diversity conservation - Abstract
The article focuses on critically endangered African wild donkey foal was born at Marwell Zoo in the UK, where efforts are made to conserve this species, there are currently fewer than 200 of these donkeys remaining in the wild in eastern Africa.
- Published
- 2023
Catalog
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