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The article analyzes the repression of the Mafia phenomenon in Sicily between 1896 and 1901. The close attention paid to the Mafia by the authorities during this period produced a strong evidence base which this article examines through the lens of policing practices. These practices remain neglected as to date the historiography has focused on tracing legal developments rather than examining the application of laws by the forces of law and order. Accordingly, the article puts forward a series of historiographically important questions: what was the attitude of police forces in controlling dangerous individuals? How much do the practices adopted by police forces tell us about the possibilities for state intervention and the limits of its influence? What was the relationship between the perception of a criminal threat, police operations and the construction of judicial truth? The article reveals a very clear image of the Italian state in the liberal era. In fact, state officials and high-ranking institutional figures seemed interested in strengthening the social and political order by establishing control networks which could operate in any circumstances. They aimed to make it impossible not to interact with state officials. In this sense, rather than seeking a complete monopoly of violence, they aimed to oblige local power holders, social groups and semi-public figures to bargain with state officials. The effect was that social groups with means of violence at their disposal did not necessarily become a threat to the maintenance of order and nor did they necessarily forestall the possibility of state mediation and hegemony.

to evaluate clinical chart of patients with IH who had cardiologic evaluation before propranolol therapy and to compare our findings with literature data.Some studies have assessed the incidence of heart defects in children suffering from infantile hemangioma (IH) treated with propranolol, showing a possible higher prevalence of cardiac abnormalities in this group of patients.We retrospectively reviewed clinical charts of children with infantile hemangiomas referred to our dermatologic division from 2016 to 2021, who underwent our pediatric cardiology protocol screening before starting propranolol therapy.A total of 60 infants were enrolled. Electrocardiograms were available for all the patients and echocardiography for 50/60 (83.3%) children. Electrocardiogram didn't reveal any alterations in most cases (pathologic in 2/60 ones, 3.3%) while echocardiograms revealed findings in 31/50 (51.7%) patients. Of these, persistent foramenovale, which was found in 14/50 patients (28%), was considered as non-pathologic. Interatrial septal defects were the main pathological finding in 15/50 patients (30%), as single defect or in association with other abnormalities.Our study confirms the presence of a higher rate of cardiologic findings in patients with infantile hemangioma evaluated before starting oral propranolol, compared to the known rate of those defects in healthy newborns. We also confirm that interatrial septal defects are the most frequent pathologic finding with a higher prevalence compared to published studies. Large prospective studies are needed to clarify a possible association of pathological cardiac findings in all patients with infantile hemangiomas and thereafter to evaluate the possible effect of propranolol therapy on these defects during time.

I sette contributi che compongono il dossier sono l'esito di un seminario tenutosi presso l'Università degli studi di Milano nell'ambito delle attività del Cepoc (Centro per lo studio delle polizie e del controllo del territorio). In quella occasione si sono discussi quattro volumi di recente pubblicazione (editi tra 2018 e 2019) aventi per oggetto diversi aspetti di storia delle polizie in Italia in età contemporanea, con la partecipazione sia degli autori e curatori dei volumi, sia di studiosi della materia. Ne esce un quadro articolato e problematizzato degli indirizzi secondo i quali in Italia si va consolidando una storiografia dedicata a questi temi, sin qui relativamente trascurati con riferimento all'età contemporanea. Nello stesso tempo si offrono numerosi gli spunti, anche in chiave utili a stimolare nuove linee di ricerca. In questo contributo l'autore discute in particolare il volume di Michele Di Giorgio, Per una polizia nuova. Il movimento per la riforma della Pubblica Sicurezza (1969-1981), e il volume, curato da Raffaele Camposano e Fabio Santilli, Dura lex sed lex. Storia e rappresentazione della Polizia di Stato dal 1852 alla Riforma del 1981.

Il 25 agosto 1891 gli operai dello stabilimento Elvetica, officina meccanica di proprieta di Ernesto Breda, proclamarono lo sciopero. L’agitazione si estese in breve tempo e il 30 agosto venne proclamato lo sciopero generale di categoria. Su ordine del prefetto, Giovanni Codronchi Argeli, diverse compagnie della Divisione militare della citta vennero impiegate in servizio di pubblica sicurezza. Entro la fine dello sciopero piu di 1500 soldati avrebbero prestato servizio a Milano. L’analisi delle carte della Prefettura, conservate nell’archivio di Giovanni Codronchi Argeli presso la Biblioteca comunale di Imola, e della Questura, conservate presso l’Archivio di Stato di Milano, ha permesso all’autore di osservare da vicino, al livello delle pratiche concrete di impiego delle truppe in servizio di pubblica sicurezza, i rapporti tra autorita civili e autorita militari. Emerge il dissidio tra Prefettura e Comando del III Corpo d’Armata e una difficile collaborazione fatta, talvolta, di confusioni e incomprensioni.

BACKGROUND Aging and diabetes mellitus have been recognized as strong predictors of heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess, by echocardiography, the influence of aging and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on the changes of left ventricular parietal kinesis in patients with acute myocardial infarction over the 6 months after hospitalization. METHODS The study population consisted of 82 patients (42 male, 40 female) aged 70 years, consecutively admitted to coronary care unit with acute myocardial infarction from January 1991 to May 1993. They were divided into two groups: group 1 comprised 36 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, aged 78.8 +/- 6.02 years, 17 men and 19 women; group 2 comprised 46 patients without diabetes aged 78.7 +/- 6.9 years, 25 men and 21 women. Echocardiography was performed at admission to the unit (T0), at discharge (T1), and after 6 months of follow-up (T2). The echocardiographic wall motion score index was calculated by considering the number of akinetic and dyskinetic left ventricular wall segments. Fatal and non-fatal incidents of heart failure were also considered and a multivariate analysis was applied to identify the clinical and instrumental parameters that were independent predictors of wall motion score index changes and heart failure events. RESULTS At T1 the two groups were comparable in localization of acute myocardial infarction, previous myocardial infarction, creatinine kinase serum peak, ECG score and wall motion score index. A statistically significant reduction in akinesia (P < 0.001) was observed in group 2 at T1 and T2, but was not seen in group 1. At T2 the difference in wall motion score index between the groups became significant (P < 0.05). The occurrence of heart failure was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 either during hospitalization (P < 0.03) or during follow-up (P < 0.004). The multivariate analysis identified non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as an independent predictor of lacking recovery in LV kinesis (P < 0.01) and of heart failure development (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus lack of recovery in wall motion score index after acute myocardial infarction seems to be an important factor, with a higher heart failure prevalence adversely affecting the in-hospital and long-term outcome. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus appears to be an important factor related to this unfavorable outcome.

The aim of this study was to establish the effects of postinfarction total or subtotal coronary occlusion on left ventricular remodeling in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) compared with the effects in postinfarct nondiabetic patients. The authors selected 100 patients submitted to coronary angiography between 1 and 5 weeks after acute myocardial infarction (TO: 20.5 ± 15.4 days) and classified into three groups: G1: NIDD with coronary occlusion/subocclusion (n=24), G2: controls with coronary occlusion/subocclusion (n=43), G3: controls without coronary occlusion/subocclusion (n=33). At time zero (TO) the following parameters were evaluated: end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indexes (ESVi, EDVi), ejection fraction (EF), echocardiographic wall motion score index (WMI), presence of left ventricular aneurysm, and triple-vessel coronary disease. The frequencies of major cardiovascular events were recorded during follow-up. Significantly greater ESVi and EDVi were noted in G2 compared with G3 (P

The authors investigated how a previous myocardial infarction (MI) affects the prognosis of unstable angina pectoris in patients with maintained or slightly reduced left ventricular performance. From January 1991 to August 1993, 131 patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of Braunwald's class II-III unstable angina and ejection fraction > 40% were included. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: (1) group I: unstable angina with prior MI (n 70,49 men, 21 women, aged, between fifty-one and eighty years, mean: 65.7 ±8.5 years, Braunwald's class III: 71.4%), (2) group II: unstable angina without previous infarction (n=61, 31 men, 30 women, aged between forty-nine and and eighty, mean: 66.3 ± 7.9 years, Braunwald's dass III: 83.6%): The follow-up varied between six and twenty-four months. The frequency of major cardiovascular events (deaths, MI, reinfarction, heart failure, and recurrent unstable angina) and the number of revascularization procedures (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA] and coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) established during follow-up were evaluated. ( continued on next page) ( Abstract continued) Hospitalization was 10.1 ± 2.9 days in group I and 8.6 ± 2.6 days in group II (P < 0.01). The duration of the follow-up was comparable between the two groups. Based upon predischarge noninvasive evaluation, patients in both groups were selected to undergo coronary and ventricular angiography: 38 of 70 (55.7%) in group I and 39 of 61 (62.3%) in group II; among them, 52.9% in group I and 24.6% in group II (P < 0.05) were submitted to coronary revascularization, while the others received medical treatments: 33 of 70 in group I and 46 of 61 in group II (P < 0.05). In the subset of patient submitted to angiography, the severity of coronary disease did not differ between the groups, and group showed a statistically lower ejection fraction than group II (P < 0.005). The frequency of major cardiovascular events demonstrated a mortality rate of 2.9% in group I and 1.6% in group II. Acute MI/reinfarction accounted for 2.9% of the cases in group I and 3.3% in group II. Heart failure was present in 2.9% of group I. Recurrence of unstable angina was diagnosed in 11.4% of group I and 6.5% of group II. CABG and PTCA were performed, respectively in 7.1% and 5.7% in group I and in 6.6% and 4.9% in group II. During follow-up 75.7% of patients in group I and 80.3% in group II were asymptomatic. No significant differences in the frequency of cardiovascular events were reported between the two groups. As a result of more aggressive therapeutic approaches following the detection of residual ischemia in patients with prior infarction, the authors conclude that the prognosis of unstable angina in the group with previous infarction does not seem to differ from that of unstable angina in the absence of prior necrosis in patients whose left ventricular function is maintained or slightly decreased.

From January 1992 to January 1993 the incidence of sudden cardiac death among the population of the Media Valle del Serchio area (Tuscany, Italy), composed of a popula tion of 35,000, was found to be twice that of the European average; 32 cases have been reported over this period in that area (9 per 10,000 in the examined year), with a male/female (M/F) ratio of 2.5:1 (23 M, 9 F). In Italy the mean incidence of sudden death was calculated as 6/10,000 and in Europe 5/10,000. In the examined population hypertension was the coronary risk factor present most frequently (87%). A previous diagnosis of coronary artery disease was documented in 21 cases (66%); 5 of these exhibited previous myocardial infarction and 3 previous myocar dial infarction associated with left ventricular heart failure. In 7 subjects no previous cardiovascular disorders were discovered. Prodromal symptoms had been reported in 20 cases (62%), which included chest pain in 8 and dyspnea in 8. In the examined geographic area a high prevalence of coronary artery disease was verified through the records of the Public Health Service, which documents the main causes of mortality in Tuscany, and through the hospitalization data and the services provided for ischemic heart disease at the local coronary care unit compared with the national average. Moreover, research was accomplished on physical and chemical prop erties of drinking water in the same area, and this revealed a very low total hardness due to the paucity of calcium and magnesium salts. In conclusion, this research demonstrated a close relationship between the incidence of sudden death and the incidence of ischemic heart disease in a mountain area with low-hardness drinking water.