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Digital technology can benefit the oil and gas sector by increasing hydrocarbon recovery, ensuring safety throughout the corporate ecosystem, and improving operational reliability. This study addresses the oil and gas supply chain digital transformation tendencies as well as the Norwegian petroleum refining company Equinor's initiatives. The main objective is to explore the opportunities for digitalisation in the oil and gas industry as well as the state of the industry's digital strategy more generally. The findings support the industry's major players continuing to invest in their collaborative ecosystem by partnering with their suppliers and start-ups and sharing with them a platform where data that can help them improve their economic position can easily be shared. It is recommended that they should develop a digital strategy roadmap, as in the case of Equinor, as a matter of priority. Supporting innovation and technology adoption through continued investment and the hiring of qualified experts is also of critical importance. It is also important to improve the digital skills of employees and spread a digital culture throughout the company so that they can protect themselves against future cyberattacks or other potential risks. On a global level, the successful implementation of a digital solution will reshape market dynamics (in terms of supply, demand, and investment) as well as the way energy networks are managed.

This paper has been written as a part of an international educational development project deployed in Germany, Moldova and Austria. In this context we explored through two cases how students can be taught at university level for the use of Enterprise Resource Planning and accounting by using an integrated approach. We identified four success criteria to deploy such a program, and systematically analyzed them in a Hungarian and German setting. Our findings confirmed that the role of instructors, the educational background of students, robustness of technology (hardware and software) and the physical facilities all contribute to the efficiency of the learning experience.

In this paper we explore how Civilization, one of the most popular turn based strategy games, enhances public administration (PA) education for entry level students. We pose the research question, how computer games in PA studies can be aligned systematically with curriculum design, and how they make educational experiences and processes more successful than standard teaching. We present an experiment which ran at the National University of Public Service in Budapest during the academic year of 2017/18 written up in a case study format. We describe the learning objectives of the Government Studies program and the objectives of the Information Society and System Analysis courses, where the students had been exposed to playing Civilization. Our findings suggest promising results using computer games in four aspects of PA: a) effectiveness and efficiency of learning, b) implications of advanced technologies in government studies, c) further applications of computer games (different uses of Civilization and others), d) PA problems that can be solved by games and how this idea is being receipt.

In this paper, we explore how Civilization, and – in a more general approach – computer games can enhance public administration (PA) education for interpreting technology-society concepts (or Science Technology Studies). We pose the research question, how computer games at the early stage of PA studies aligned with systematic curriculum design make educational experiences and the learning process more sensitised to system complexity, creativity and understanding the role of technology. The paper shows an educational experiment where Sid Meier’s Civilization series is used at the University of Public Service in Budapest. Civilization is one of the most famous turn-based strategy games, illustrating the complex causalities of economic development, geographical expansion, technology innovation, government structure and warfare. The players experience historical development through the ages of human Civilization – starting to build simple ancient huts to modern space exploration – and choosing different strategies to guide their Civilization through the challenges of allocating resources, managing conflicts, or deploying technological innovations. Civilization has been used in several classroom experiences for teaching history and complex system analysis.

A Vezetéstudomány e tematikus száma a Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetemen működő Menedzsment és Vállalkozásgazdaságtan Tanszék alapításának 70. évfordulója alkalmából a tanszék munkatársainak jelentősebb szakmai eredményeit mutatja be. E munkák jól tükrözik az intézmény szakmai múltját, különleges jelenlegi helyzetét és jövőbeli perspektíváit.

The objective of this paper is to show how system dynamics modelling can be applied to simulate the behavior of information communication technology based platforms to formulate and validate strategies or development policies of these platforms in the public sector. Typical platforms in the domain of public sector for instance are mobile apps connecting the sides of users and developers, or horizontal or vertical government portals connecting different authorities on one side and users or corporations on the other side. We show in our contribution how system dynamics provides new insights for modelling two-sided markets in general and public ICT platforms in particular. Conclusions and results of our work are mainly theoretical: as an initial step we extended the classic microeconomic equilibrium models mainly concerned with how to determine pricing of the opposing sides into more general parameters of platform quality, externalities and causality analysis of different variables. Based on these theoretical models we suggest simple inference to policy making and some pragmatic decisions in connections with public ICT platforms.

The evaluation of scientific publication performance has become one of the most important and, at the same time, one of the most debated issues in international academic circles. This problem is attenuated by the digital transformation of science; online repositories, indexing systems and online visibility have become key enablers of evidence-based assessments of publication performance. In our paper we examine the scientific publication performance of 2131 members of the public body of the IX. Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences As its members represent the diversity of Hungarian social sciences very well, it was possible to make a broader generalization about their achievements regarding their publication performance. We found that one third of this sample has an internationally visible presence in the Repository of Hungarian Scientific Artefact (RHSA) database, which is the central repository that provides data for scientific promotion and assessment. By running a two-step cluster analysis, we could identify five typical clusters of scientists based on their publications – each of them focusing on a different outlet such as books, domestic journals, international journals, or a balanced publication strategy that focuses on all the former types. In contrast to previous findings concerning technology acceptance, we found that the younger generation of Ph.Ds often adopt to the use of RHSA less than more senior individuals that have higher academic positions.

Using a case study of the Economic and Law Department of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, we find that domestic rankings greatly distort researchers’ publication preferences. This finding is contrary to the importance of international journal rankings, such as the SCOPUS Scimago journal ranking or the Web of Science Impact Factor. We found inconsistencies between international and domestic standards and differences between the eight committees of the academic department. Based on an exploratory empirical analysis of 4213 journals spanning eight different scientific committees of social science areas (business, law, demography, sociology, regional studies, world economics, military science and political science), we prove that a key reason for Hungary’s decreasing rank in international visibility is the inconsistently strong bias for domestic journals. We show that inconsistency of ranking fairness determines the behavior of researchers; this motivational effect is especially important in small countries in which local relevance often offsets the importance of mainstream international discourses. This problem is attenuated with the digital transformation of science; online repositories, indexing systems and online visibility have become key enablers of evidence-based assessments of publication performance.

Public ICT (Information Communication Technologies) investments do not necessarily result in improvement of effectiveness or efficiency regarding public services. Hungary has been spending around 1,2 billion Euros using funds from the European Social Cohesion and Structural Funds during the period of 2007-2018 for modernizing its public administration. Taking the investments into other sectors as a comparison, this means that more than 25% of ICT development projects go to the public sector, which is in the magnitude of the financial, commercial and media sectors of Hungary. While the effects of digital transformation are unquestionable in these latter sectors, effectiveness of public ICT spending is problematic. When we look at the measurement scoreboards used in the EU and UN, we find Hungary not even improved its position, but in some areas has lost competiveness and fell behind. In this paper we show using some elements of earlier findings in digital innovation studies on public administration, that four key factors should be analysed in detail to find out reasons behind this phenomenon, Infrastructural questions, although need constant development and improvement, do not seem to be key explaining factors of lack of productivity improvement. Nor the techno-legislative institutions seem to be obstacles in Hungary´s case, but rather some alignment in policy objectives and consistency.

The paper presents the theoretical foundations and research design of a comprehensive research program initiated at the National University of Public Service for exploring the complex dynamics of digital transformation of governance and government. In alignment with the Danube Region Strategy the initiative is based on two main pillars: a) concepts of territorial and cross-border governance especially exploring the process from whole-of-government to social participation, and b) information management focusing on ICT ecosystems and project management. Based on these two pillars three drivers of digital transformation are defined which are very tightly intertwined in the research design. The first is what we collectively address as e-services including legaltechnical-organizational solutions, citizens´ acceptance and the complex notion of accessibility with trust. The second driver in our model is the appearance of “smartness” in governance both centrally and locally – spanning from knowledge management to smart communities in symbiosis with smart technologies. Finally, the third set of drivers for digital transition is the capability for innovation and change including management and organizations, social impacts of industry 4.0., and a modified Balanced Scorecard system for administration. The paper presents the key research questions in each pillar and maps how institutional collaborations (amongst 7 Hungarian, 3 European and 2 North-American universities) address them methodologically.

Doctoral training was included in the Bologna system as the third cycle. The important consequence of this change is that the doctoral studies became more structured, and most universities now train doctors in a shorter time period than in the past, mostly in 3 to 4 years. The National Association of PhD students from Serbia (Doktoranti Srbije) conducted the same survey in the form of a questionnaire three years in a row (2010-2012). In 2010 the survey received 335 responses, in 2011 there were 557 responses and in 2012 there were 625. The survey results showed that doctoral candidates recognise supervision as a key issue that need to be improved. Surveyed individuals emphasised the impact of the supervisor’s engagement on the quality of their PhD projects. Supportiveness is the quality that PhD students value the most. This involves supervisors being encouraging, and aware that students' lives extend beyond the PhD. Other key areas for improvement, according to Serbian PhD candidates, are financing and mobility, especially international mobility.

A kormanyzas, a kozigazgatas, illetve a kozszolgaltatas digitalis transzformacioja tobb ok miatt is aktualis tema a vezetestudomany teruleten. Amikor a szerkesztőkkel ennek a tematikus szamnak a koncepciojat kidolgoztuk egyreszt a nemzetkozi trendekre es diskurzusokra igyekeztunk alapozni, masreszt annak az elmeleti munkanak, kutatasi aktivitasnak is teret igyekeztunk biztositani, amely a Kozigazgatas Fejlesztesi Operativ Programhoz (KOFOP), vagy akar mas kozigazgatasi modernizacios kezdemenyezesekhez kapcsolodik.

In economic and social sciences it is crucial to test theoretical models against large and reliable databases. The general research challenge is to build up a well-structured database that suits the given research question well and that is cost efficient at the same time. In this paper we focus on crawler programs that proved to be an effective tool for data base building in very different problem settings. We present three structurally different research models where crawler programs can be applied successfully: exploration, classification and time series analysis. In the case of exploration we present findings about the Hungarian web agency industry where no previous statistical data was available about their operations. For classification we show how the top visited Hungarian web domains can be divided into predefined categories of e-business models. In the third research we used a crawler to gather the values of specific pre-defined records containing ticket prices of low cost airlines from one single site. Based on the experiences we highlight some conceptual conclusions and opportunities for crawler based research in e-business.

Our basic storyline is how the business and economics higher education landscape has changed with the introduction of the Bologna programs. We borrowed the fashionable long tail concept from e-business, and used it for modeling the new landscape of internationalization of universities. Internationalization, mobility, and the appearance of the internet generation at the gates of our universities in our opinion has brought us to a new e-era which, appropriately to our web analogies we might as well call Education 2.0.In our paper first we show the characteristics of the long tail model of the Bologna-based European higher education and potential messages for strategy making in this environment. We illustrate that benchmarking university strategies situated in the head of the long tail model will not always provide strategic guidance for universities sitting in the tail. For underlining some key concerns in the Hungarian niche, we used Corvinus University as a case study to illustrate some untapped challenges of the Hungarian Bologna reform. We explored three areas which are crucial elements of the “tail” strategy in our opinion: a) the influence of state regulation, b) social situations and impacts and c) internal university capabilities.

Vezetői szempontból az internetes megjelenés alapja a jól meghatározott e-business-modell. A cikk célja az, hogy átfogó és elméletileg megalapozott keretet adjon az internetes bevételi, illetve értékteremtési modellekről, és az azok működéséhez szükséges infrastrukturális szolgáltatásokról. Ezeknek fogyasztói szempontból a legérzékenyebb elemei az internetes fizetési megoldások, és a modell használatával könnyen értelmezhetőek például a különböző fizetési típusok között tapasztalható eltérések, illetve világosan meghatározhatóak, hogy az adott fizetési megoldások melyik üzleti modellhez vagy modellekhez illeszkednek a legjobban. Kutatásukban a szerzők eddig egyedülálló módon több ezer magyar üzleti modellt vizsgáltak meg és kategorizáltak, így empirikus adatok alapján tudták tovább árnyalni a hazai e-business-modellek működésének megértését. Ezek az információk magyarázatot adhatnak egyes megoldások elterjedtségére, vagy új lehetőségeket és vizsgálati irányokat vethetnek fel.

Napjaink átlagos internetezője nemigen hasonlít tíz évvel ezelőtti önmagára. A széles sávú vezetékes és vezeték nélküli kapcsolatoknak is köszönhetően az internetezők on-line preferenciái és szokásai alapvetően változtak meg. Az amerikai Time magazin 2006-ban nem véletlenül ítélte Az év embere díjat azon internetezők millióinak, akik nem pusztán fogyasztják az on-line tartalmat, hanem annak alakításában és előállításában aktívan részt vesznek. A szerzők cikkükben sorra veszik a második generációs internetes üzleti modellek jellemzőit, és a dinamikusan fejlődő magyar piac néhány példáját is bemutatják.

Az internetes befektetési hullám eufóriája után világossá vált a világban és Magyarországon is, hogy az IT szektor csak úgy tud növekedni, ha világosan megmutatja felhasználóinak, hogy az általuk elköltött pénz miként vezet megtakarításokhoz, hozamokhoz, azaz a projektek megtérüléséhez. A szerzők véleménye szerint az IT projektek ilyen elveken való értékelésének pragmatikus nehézségeit néhány modellépítési probléma gátolja, többek között ezek is akadályozzák, hogy a vállalatok szélesebb körben alkalmazzák ezeket, és ezáltal az IT befektetésekbe nagyobb üzleti önbizalommal vágjanak bele. Cikkükben részletesen áttekintik a következő problémaköröket, és használható megoldásokat is javasolnak hozzájuk: a) becslési problémák, a jövőbeli pénzáramlások feltárásának és becslésének megbízhatósága, b) bizonytalanság és kockázat, különösen a tőke alternatívaköltségének figyelembevétele, c) a pénz időértéke, azaz a különböző időpontokban jelentkező pénzáramlások összehasonlíthatóságának kérdése, d) opciós szemléleten keresztül a beruházásban rejlő jövőbeli döntési lehetőségek modellezése, c) értékelés, azaz milyen utóelemzési technikák használhatók az eredmények értékeléséhez.

E-government development in most European countries was ensured from Structural Funds in the period of 2007-2014. In our paper we show how Hungary has used these funds in order to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in its public services. The main objective of our research has been to explore the budgetary and timing characteristics of public ICT spending, and analyze the implicit and explicit objectives of eGovernment projects in Hungary. We applied exploratory text analyzes as a novel and objective way to analyze the focus of eGovernment development policy. Our main findings are: - After the text analysis of 85 Electronic Public Administration Operational Programme (EPAOP) and 65 State Reform Operational Programme (SROP) projects we found that keyword statistics are generally consistent with the main policy level objectives of the Operative Programmes, however there are some fields which are not emphasized, such as: the role of participation, social partners, local-government; and the improvement need of user skills through public information campaigns. - Governmental changes are clearly reflected in the goal hierarchy: contracting in EPAOP and SROP happened in two separate waves - the significant part of financing was committed during stabilized governments in the beginning and end phase of the planning period, with a relatively passive period during governmental change in 2010-2011.

Do information and communication technologies (ICT) matter? This question has become the big issue around which managers debate the value of ICT. Carr (2003) states that the sun is setting on information technologies as a source of strategic weapons and that they are no longer the source of competitive advantage. He suggests that ICT is becoming a utility, like electricity: simply plug into a grid and source it at the lowest cost. Yet in most everyday experience, we face a huge difficulty in getting oriented in this “seamless” digital infrastructure; day by day, managers have to make decisions that have implications on ICT budgets or are constrained by the limitations of technology, regardless of the ambitious plans of marketers and visionary strategists.

In this paper we introduce the main results of a survey describing the e-business adoption situation of Hungarian small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). We used the e-w@tch methodology, and this enables European wide comparison of the status of e-business applications, but does not explain how individual SMEs might take advantage on using ICT resources. Therefore, we propose a theoretical framework based upon recent research, in order to better understand the e-business value creation process. We outline a multi-layer model where the value creation process is in the core, and several environmental factors exort their influence. We demonstrate the impacts of the macro level economical environment and the influence industrial sectors. After that, going deeper to the corporate level - in our cases we were mainly focusing on SMEs - we refer to the importance of using the concepts of online information capabilities and digital options to transform ICT resource toward organizational outputs. In the last section of our paper we used the EU-5 2003 and the 2004 Hungarian SME e-business adoption measurement to specify the resource side of the European e-business value creation. We found that the resource specifications are rather consistent, and concentrate around six groups of e-business resources: communication, remote access, complex ICTs, operational efficiency, knowledge and content management, and on-line sales resources.

Az informatikai eszközök, információrendszerek alkalmazásának célja a gazdasági működés eredményességének és hatékonyságának a javítása, azaz az üzleti értékmaximalizálás. Elméleti szinten a gazdaságinformatika két problémát vet fel ezzel kapcsolatban: a) milyen informatikai eszközökkel valósítható meg a szervezeti értéknövelés, illetve b) mivel magyarázható hogy sokszor a legjobb minőségű ICT-alkalmazások sem érik el a kívánt eredményességnövelést vagy hatékonyságjavítást. A cikkben amellett érvelek, hogy a komplex ICT-rendszerek szervezeti hatásainak megértéséhez és a gazdaságinformatika szakterületének identifikációjához nagymértékben segíthet a technológiadeterminizmusnak, mint tudományos alapelvnek a kiterjesztése. Egyrészt a tudománytechnológia-elméletek (STS – Science Technology Studies) konstruktivista irányainak figyelembevétele, másrészt a normatív jellegű mesterséges alkotások tudománya (sciences of the artificial) és az abból levezethető konstruálástudomány (design science) és akciókutatás-módszerek (action research) komoly szemléleti segítséget ad-hatnak a gazdaságinformatikusok számára.