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Cocaine use has tended to increase over the past decade, particularly among younger populations. Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit substance in France. Over the past few years, there has been an uptick in cocaine consumption in the country. The observed increase in consumption raises questions about the underlying motives. The goal of the present study is to construct and validate a questionnaire that explores the motivation behind cocaine use. This paper consists of two studies conducted on different data collections. In the first study, one thousand, one hundred and thirteen (n = 1113) individuals participated and six hundred and seventy (n = 670) individuals participated in the second study. All participants were current or former cocaine users. These participants completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire, a constructed questionnaire exploring motivations for cocaine use. This questionnaire was developed using the self-determination theory of (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and 11 semi-structured interviews with users. The purpose of these interviews was to explore the motivation for cocaine use, the expected benefits, and the negative consequences. From literature and the corpus of previously completed interviews, a first version of the questionnaire with 31 items was produced. The research respects the ethical recommendations of Helsinki and has received a favorable opinion from the research ethics committee. The data was collected anonymously and on a voluntary basis. In the first study, 574 (51.6%) men and 539 (48.4%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.0 years (SD = 5.83) ranging from 18 to 65 years old. In the second study 310 (46.3%) men and 360 (53.7%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.7 years (SD = 4.23) ranging from 18 to 48 years old. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out. This first analysis resulted in a 23-item questionnaire with a four-factor solution: pleasant sensations, social pressure and self-image, absence of motivation, and curiosity and experience. The psychometric indicators were quite satisfactory with X2 (465) = 15951, P < 0.001 for the Bartlett test and 0.91 for the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test. In the second part of the research, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a solution with three factors and 21 items. Psychometric indicators showed CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.89, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.06 and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.06. The three main factors for cocaine use were: pleasant and positive sensations, social pressure and self-esteem, and amotivation. This study laid the groundwork for the development of a valid questionnaire to explore and better understand the cocaine users' motivations, thereby enabling preventive and therapeutic measures to be adjusted accordingly. This questionnaire can also be used for future research on cocaine use, which is focused on mental health as well as family history and history of traumatic life events, as associated with cocaine use. We may also consider replicating this study on a clinical population with a cocaine-dependency diagnosis, potentially revealing additional motivations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les enquêtes sociodémographiques sont utilisées pour mesurer le niveau de vie de la population, mais elles sont souvent limitées dans les pays en développement en raison de contraintes budget-consommations. Les méthodes traditionnelles utilisent des variables sociodémographiques pour construire un indice composite de niveau de vie, souvent basés sur les caractéristiques et les actifs des ménages. Cet article présente une nouvelle agrégation de l’indice du niveau de vie basée sur l’utilisation des coefficients de régression logistique binaire multiple modélisant l’utilisation de la contraception par les descripteurs de logement et de son confort, basée sur les données de l'enquête MICS2010-RDC de 2010. Les résultats montrent que les catégories très pauvres et pauvres constituent 67% de la population du Congo en 2010.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to study the measurement of the DSM5 self-rated transversal symptoms level 1 (CCSM1) from a dimensional perspective in line with current models of psychopathology in three factors: internalization, thought disorders, externalization., Method: Based on the 670 non-clinical protocols we collected, we verified that the VSS is composed of three factors. We studied the 3-factor composition with half of the sample and confirmed this composition with the other half. To show that these three factors were more relevant than the original 13 dimensions, we compared the results to three clinical groups and, after a cluster analysis, we investigated the intensity and frequency of people at risk across the original dimensions., Results: While the 13 initial dimensions of the CCSM1 do not completely differentiate this sample from the clinical groups, the three high-order dimensions are discriminating. Clustering confirms these results when comparing the least and most affected subjects and allows us to see that these three HODs have significant impacts on the observation of cases at risk of clinical disorders in this non-clinical sample., Discussion: To be further validated, these three HODs should be studied in relation to tools that assess internalization, thought disorders or externalization., (Copyright © 2023 L'Encéphale, Paris. All rights reserved.)

La modélisation par équations structurelles avec MPlus (Caron, 2019) est un ouvrage de référence qui, divisé en trois parties, aborde les fonctions de base de Mplus (Partie 1 -- Les rudiments), le traitement de données avec Mplus (Partie 2 -- Traitement de données), ainsi que l'exécution d'un ensemble d'analyses statistiques impliquant de la modélisation par équations structurelles en utilisant Mplus (Partie 3 -- Les analyses). Reconnaissant l'utilisation croissante de la modélisation par équations structurelles dans le domaine des sciences sociales, ainsi que le nombre limité de ressources éducatives disponibles à ce sujet, nous proposons un guide d'accompagnement pour la troisième partie du livre de Caron (2019), qui étendra son application à l'interface de programmation R. R est une interface de programmation libre d'accès et très versatile qui, similairement à Mplus, permet la réalisation d'analyses statistiques impliquant de la modélisation par équations structurelles. L'objectif de cet article est de présenter la traduction en langage de programmation R des syntaxes de la troisième partie du livre de Caron (2019) ainsi que les résultats des sorties associées. Puisque cet article vise à servir de guide complémentaire au livre de Caron (2019), les bases théoriques sous-tendant les analyses statistiques qui y sont couvertes ainsi que l'interprétation des résultats issus de celles-ci ne font pas l'objet du présent article. Cet article couvre les analyses suivantes : la régression logistique, l'analyse de trajectoire, l'analyse factorielle exploratoire et confirmatoire, la médiation, la modération, la médiation modérée, l'analyse de classes latentes, l'analyse de modèles autorégressifs et autorégressifs croisés, l'analyse de trajectoire latente, et l'analyse de groupes multiples.

COVID-19, a major " Public Health Emergencies of International Concern ", had sought greater attention among researchers to study its pathogenesis, associated complications and management. However, there are only few studies that had studied its potential impact on mental health of general public, who are subjected to social distancing, community lockdown and restrictions in their routine activities. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and mental health needs among general public in Tamil Nadu subjected to lockdown, social distancing amidst COVID-19 crisis. Tamil Nadu is one of the worst affected states of southern India. A self-administered, web-based application study using " WHO-Self Reported Questionnaire-20 ", in bilingual version, both English and Tamil, is used to screen the public for the level of distress. The study is done while the state is under extended lockdown and restricted movement. A total of 918 respondents participated in the survey and it is found that about more than one third of the respondents (∼35%) are under psychological distress. A significant association between younger age group, female gender, unmarried, people with children are found to be under distress. The lockdown had increased the frequency of smoking and quantity of cigarettes among smokers, also has increased the frequency of drinking among alcohol consumers. Of the SRQ-20 items recorded, stress related neurotic symptoms (> 70%) was observed more than the depressive mood. About 33% of those scored > 7, had suicidal tendency. The districts declared red zones had significantly reported a greater number of respondents under distress. Besides effectively mitigating the COVID-19 crisis, in terms of prevention, control and treatment strategies, it is prerogative to effectively manage fear, distress due to the COVID-19 and associated anxiety and depression among the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'analyse factorielle exploratoire est présentée en considérant les facteurs comme des sources communes de variance exprimées dans les données et responsables des corrélations observées. Les variables ayant généralement chacune une part de variance propre, il s'y trouve ainsi plus de sources d'information qu'il n'y a de variables observées. Alors que l'analyse en composantes principales inclut nécessairement une part des variances propres (souvent de l'erreur de mesure) dans chaque composante, l'analyse factorielle exploratoire vise à expurger les variances propres pour n'expliquer que les corrélations, c'est-à-dire l'information partagée provenant de facteurs communs. Il existe maintenant une méthode de modélisation pour identifier par un test formel combien de dimensions sont nécessaires et suffisantes pour rendre compte des corrélations dans les données. L'interprétation factorielle de ces dimensions demande généralement des rotations. Les enjeux de ces rotations et de l'obtention de scores des individus sur les facteurs retenus sont également discutés. Enfin, on propose une méthode simple pour l'analyse factorielle de mesures répétées. \\ Exploratory factor analysis is presented by viewing factors as sources of variance expressed in the data that are completely responsible for the correlations observed among the variables. Since each variable also expresses some unique variance besides that from common factors, the data express more sources of information than there are variables. While principal component analysis necessarily includes some of the unique variances (often measurement error) in each component, exploratory common factor analysis concentrates on explaining the correlations, which entirely depend on shared information from common factors, ignoring as much as possible the unique sources of variance. There is now a modelling method to identify by formal testing how many dimensions are necessary and sufficient to account for the data correlations. The factorial interpretation of these dimensions generally requires rotations. The issues involved in rotations and in obtaining factor scores for the retained factor solution are also discussed. Finally, a simple method is proposed to factor analyse repeated measurements.

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Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study shows the evidence of validity of the Student Stress Scale for Brazilians. It was administered to 585 Brazilian students. Factor Analyses demonstrated the existence of four factors, with high internal consistency indicators (physiological symptoms: α=.82, professor-student relationship: α=.80, inability and inferiority: α=.77 and leisure: α=.75) and good model fit indexes: χ²=282.313 (p=.00); χ²/gl=1.73; TLI=.97; RMSEA=.05 (I.C.=.04-.06); CFI=.97. Pearson Correlation analysis showed good correlation coefficients for the gold-standard criteria (Perceived Stress Scale; r=.60, p≤.01) and good indexes for sensibility (99.2%) and specificity (89.6%). Results indicate that the scale can contribute to new research on academic stress in university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Three scoring methods for the widely available Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS) have been proposed to screen for ADHD, but these three methods have rarely been compared against formal clinical diagnoses. We aimed to validate the French version of the ASRS against a clinical interview using DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic algorithms., Methods: One hundred five adults from a convenience sample were evaluated with the ASRS and the DIVA 2.0, using both DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to investigate the underlying structure of the ASRS. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy were compared between the rating algorithms of the ASRS., Results: The full score method had worse predictive performance than the Screener and the 2-stage scoring method. All characteristics of the three scoring methods for the ASRS were worse when applying DSM-5 criteria. The best-fitting structure was a bi-factor model with a general ADHD factor and three specific factors., Conclusions: ADHD was best conceived as a one-dimensional construct. The 2-stage scoring method superseded the Screener with comparable sensitivity and specificity., (Copyright © 2022 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Les représentations sociales concernant les auteurs de violences sexuelles (AVS) sont habituellement péjoratives. L'objectif de cette étude est l'élaboration d'une échelle d'évaluation de ces représentations, la comparaison des attitudes des professionnels à la population générale, la prise en compte des antécédents de violences sexuelles subies, des traits de personnalité et de la détresse émotionnelle éventuelle des répondants. L'échantillon comptait 405 personnes (âge moyen : 25,51 ; écart-type : 9,70), dont 58 % de femmes. Parmi eux, 36 % travaillaient dans le soin, dont 7 % dans un CRIAVS ou une unité de prise en charge des AVS. Le matériel comportait : un questionnaire de 27 items sur les représentations sociales négatives concernant les AVS ; l'échelle d' Attitudes Towards Sex offenders (ATS 21), le Big Five Inventory (BFI-10 items) et le General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 items). L'analyse factorielle à partir des réponses aux items de représentations sociales négatives des AVS a mis en évidence deux facteurs qui expliquaient plus de 45 % de variance : Rejet des auteurs de violences sexuelles et Personnes malades , avec des coefficients alpha de Cronbach de 0,94 et 0,67. Il existait aussi de fortes corrélations avec l'ATS. Les résultats ont montré des représentations plus péjoratives chez les plus jeunes et ceux qui ont le niveau d'études le plus bas, chez les hommes par rapport aux femmes, les personnes vivant en milieu rural par rapport au milieu urbain ou péri-urbain. Les personnes travaillant dans le soin et surtout dans un CRIAVS avaient des représentations plus favorables. Il existait un lien entre ces attitudes négatives et le Névrosisme , ainsi qu'avec la morbidité psychique. Il s'agit d'une première étape d'élaboration d'une échelle des représentations sociales négatives concernant les auteurs de violences sexuelles. The prototype of the "recidivist pedophile-child murderer" widely portrayed in the media is that of a (moral) monster. The horror and incomprehension of acts that are considered to be immoral, abnormal, and pathological, lead to the view that sex offenders must be "crazy", "sick" or "perverse". Attitudes towards sex offenders are generally very negative, and most people think they should be punished severely and locked up for as long as possible, especially child molesters. Women are slightly more understanding. The professionals who work with sex offenders (criminal justice system, care-workers) tend to have more positive perceptions. The aim of this study is to develop French-language tools to assess negative attitudes towards sex offenders. A further aim is to compare the attitudes of professionals, including people working in a CRIAVS (a regional center that provides guidance to professionals working with sex offenders), with those of other people. We will factor in history of sexual abuse, personality traits and emotional distress of the respondents. Participants and procedure. The sample consisted of 405 people (mean age 25.51 ± 9.70 years, 15–70; 58% women). One-third of the respondents were care-workers, of whom 20% (n = 29) worked in a CRIAVS or in a treatment center for sex offenders. They were recruited via a web-based questionnaire created using Sphinx software. The scale of negative social representations of sex offenders comprised 27 items, mostly worded in a derogatory way (e.g. "People who engage in acts of sexual violence are really monstrous", "... have no place in society"; "... are people just like us"; "... should above all be given treatment"; "... do things that are totally incomprehensible"; "... are obviously very violent"; "... can never stop"). This questionnaire was the subject of a pre-test study. We also translated the Attitudes Towards Sex Offenders (ATS 21) scale, which is structured around three factors (Trust, Intent and Social Distance), each with 7 items. The material also included a personality trait scale (Big Five Inventory -10 items), an emotional distress scale (General Health Questionnaire -12 items) and questions about any history of sexual abuse experienced personally or by a close friend or relation. A principal component factor analysis of responses to items of negative attitudes towards sex offenders yielded a two-factor varimax-rotated solution explaining more than 45% of total variance. The first factor, " Segregation of sex offenders ", concerned items conveying the view that sex offenders should be excluded from society, that they cannot live with other people, that they are monstrous, etc. The second factor, " Sick People ", concerned items giving the view that sex offenders needed above all to be treated, but also related to the fear they inspire, and the impulsive and serious nature of their acts. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were respectively 0.94 and 0.67 (0.93 overall). The results showed strong correlations between ATS (ATS and its 3 factors: Trust, Intent and Social Distance) and the " Segregation of sex offenders ", as well as a significant correlation between Trust (ATS) and " Sick People ". The results showed an effect of age and level of education on the social representations of sex offenders, with less favorable attitudes among the youngest and those with the lowest level of education. There were weak links with personality traits (lower scores on Conscientiousness and higher scores on Neuroticism) and with emotional distress (higher scores on Anxiety-depression). There were also differences between women and men, with women showing greater tolerance than men, although they also scored higher on the " Sick People " factor. There were differences between people living in rural areas, whose attitudes were more negative than those living in urban areas. Finally, the attitudes of care-workers, particularly those working in a CRIAVS or treating sex offenders, were less negative than those of the other participants. This study is the first step in the development of a scale of negative attitudes towards sex offenders (with satisfactory internal and external psychometric qualities). Results are consistent with previous data. Pejorative attitudes are an obstacle to the care and rehabilitation of sex offenders. This tool could be used by CRIAVS professionals to evaluate the attitudes of the people or professionals attending their awareness or training programs. This study extends work on the "monster" figure and the segregation of "social deviants". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Les travaux de psychologie sociale ne se sont que très récemment portés sur les attitudes et les croyances relatives à la laïcité. Partant du constat que la laïcité est une notion complexe, l'objectif de notre recherche était de construire une échelle multidimensionnelle des croyances relatives à la laïcité (EMCL) permettant de rendre compte des diverses interprétations possibles de la notion de laïcité qui s'expriment dans les débats publics. Les analyses factorielles effectuées (études 1 et 2) ont conduit à dégager 4 facteurs : l'expression publique des croyances religieuses, la neutralité de l'État et de ses institutions, l'égalité entre les différentes croyances religieuses et la protection des cultes religieux. De plus, les différentes analyses corrélationnelles impliquant les préjugés, l'orientation à la dominance sociale, la religiosité ou encore l'adhésion au modèle républicain (études 2 et 3) suggèrent différentes conceptions relatives à la laïcité. Ces conceptions sont discutées au regard de la littérature. Abstract Recently, social psychology has taken an interest in attitudes and beliefs about laïcité and their relations to other variables, such as expressions of prejudice. Laïcité can be defined as the separation of churches and State, the role of the State being to assure an equality and a freedom of religion. The aim of this study was to construct a measure of beliefs of laïcité , and then to compensate for the lack of reliable measures about the possible interpretations of laïcité. The exploratory (study 1) and confirmatory factor analyses (study 2) led to sixteen items being included in the scale and representing four laïcité dimensions: public expression of religious beliefs, religious neutrality of the State and its institutions, equality of different religious beliefs, and protection of religious groups. Correlations across different dimensions showed that the public expression of religious beliefs was positively correlated with equality of different religious beliefs and negatively to neutrality of the State and its institutions. Moreover, convergent and discriminant validity (studies 2 and 3) showed that dimensions of laïcité are differently correlated with prejudice, SDO, religiosity, or with the republican model's adhesion. t -tests showed that compared to Catholics, agnostics and atheistics want a stronger religious neutrality of the State, are more in favor of an equalitarian treatment of different religious beliefs, but are less in favor of a protection of religion by State. Concerning the attachment to laïcité , this variable is only very weakly correlated with the four dimensions. Statistical analysis conducted on attachment to laïcité and other psychosocial variables such as prejudice, social dominance orientation (SDO), religiosity, religious beliefs (atheistics and agnostics vs. catholics) and political orientation showed that only SDO is (negatively) related to attachment to laïcité. These results suggest different conceptions of laïcité depending on psychosocial variable such as religion, prejudice or SDO. Finally, a test-retest has been effected on the scale (study 4). The results shown that the adhesion to the laïcité 's dimensions is stable in the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L’activité des banques éthiques ne cesse de se développer en Tunisie. Ces banques régies par les principes et mœurs religieux, attirent de plus en plus de nouveaux clients. Il est par conséquent intéressant d’étudier ce phénomène qui va affecter sans doute le système bancaire Tunisien.L'objectif decette communicationest de déterminer l’attitudeet le comportement des clients des banquesconventionnelles envers les banquesislamiqueset d’établir les caractéristiques des banques éthiques perçues par leurs clients. Nous essayerons à cet effet de déterminer les facteurs principaux qui affectent les choix des clients d’y rester ou bien de migrer vers les banques éthiques. Nousopterons pour une analyse quantitative des données pour esquisser les questions de recherche soulevées

The judicial systems require psychologists to evaluate subjects who serve sentences in penitentiary establishments in order to assess the possibility of reinsertion in society. Consequently, prison psychologists have developed techniques and procedures for assessing the risk of violent behavior based on the identification of risk factors. The objective of this study was to adapt the first instrument for assessing the risk of violence in the Peruvian prison context. Content validity was evidenced by expert judgment and with a sample of 303 inmates, construct validity was identified through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy was established by means of the ROC curve. The results indicate that the adaptation of the EVCV-RR is an adequate instrument to assess the criminogenic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annee Sociologique is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study has been designed to reveal the issues that are unfavorable to both women entrepreneurs as well as financial institutions and lessen fund flow from financial institutions to women entrepreneurs. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used here. Responses from women entrepreneurs have been quantified by using four point likert scale and data have been collected through face-to-face interview. This study has revealed that collateral dispute and lengthy process, suspiciousness, preconception and conservative attitude of the employees and complicacy in loan processing limit women entrepreneurs’ access to institutional finance. Whereas, collateral dispute with women entrepreneurs, high operating cost, misuse of disbursed loan, lack of business experience and proper documents and difficulty in assessing creditworthiness of the women entrepreneurs demotivate financial institutions to supply fund to women entrepreneurs. The findings of this study will facilitate Bangladesh and other developing countries (having same nature) to set appropriate policies to enhance fund flow to women entrepreneurs with a view to encouraging women entrepreneurship and ensuring economic progress and women empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Innovar: Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interest in developing screening tests for neuropsychological assessment and research in psychology has been increasing in the last decade. Often these tasks serve as a screening tool to identify possible cognitive deficits and help to define the next steps on the process of evaluation. Thus, this research aimed to develop the first Brazilian psychometric studies with the Set I of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices Test (APM), analyzing its factorial structure. The Raven’s scales were developed in the 30s and 40s as a nonverbal task for measuring the g factor of intelligence and later on influenced the development of many psychometric instruments related to this same construct. The Set I of this test is made up of 12 items and was developed as a screening for Set II (with 36 items). For this study, the final sample consisted of 50 college students from Paraná - Brazil, aged from 18 to 49 years-old (mean age = 20.4, STD = 2.4), both genders (64% female). The APM (Set I) were applied in groups of 2 to 9 students. Results showed a one-dimensional structure for the test and allowed Set I to be used as a screening test. Though, it’s important to do new studies to verify the difficulty and discrimination of some items, considering that half of them did not show response variability, thus generating a ceiling effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study carried on with 2,159 male and female high school students from three cities in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil. The data obtained by a Likert scale were analyzed by a multivariate statistical technique. Regarding the factor analysis, the method used for extracting the factors was the major component and oblique rotation method, in which the six factors obtained aid to interpreting the possible correlations among the homophobic views presented in items. The study revealed that moderate tolerance for gay, lesbian and transgender people in this young sample is a reality that needs attention of public policies in education targeting strategies for the deconstruction of gender stereotypes and eradication of homophobia, lesbophobia and transphobia among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To translate into French and validate the BACE-3 scale (Barriers to Care Evaluation) and describe the barriers to access to care in mental health settings., Methods: The instrument was translated into French with its author's authorisation and her supervision. Three outpatient consultation centres and two day hospitals in the same geographical region were involved. We included patients aged between 18 and 6years under regular follow-up with psychiatrists and diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, a bipolar disorder, a mood disorder, a personality disorder, an anxiety disorder or a somatoform disorder, all according to ICD-10 criteria. To be included subjects further had to have sought some health care support in the last twelve months or be be regularly treated in a continuous way at the time of inclusion., Results: One hundred twenty-one patients were successively included during a regular consultation. The exploratory factor analysis of the 30-item BACE-3 yielded to a method factor (items that could only be answered by patients with a family and/or at work were recoded) and two clinically meaningful factors were named, Stigmatisation and Cognitive Bias and Denial. We found that the first factor was nicely in line with the factors we had extracted from the Internalized Stigma Mental Illness (ISMI) scale in the same sample. This provided an external validation of the BACE but it was difficult to conclude any further given the limited size of our sample., Conclusions: Barriers to care need to be addressed by clinicians. Internal and external validity properties of the BACE-3 scale show it can be used in French-speaking populations of outpatients suffering from mental health problems., (Copyright © 2022 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The objective of this study is to classify the municipalities of fi ve microregions that make up the Santa Catarina western region according to the regional development degree, using the factor analysis. By means of the factor analysis, it was possible to extract the factorials loads for the index construction and the development degree. The microregions resemble, both in cultural, productive, economic aspects and of colonization, as in rank, according to the degree of regional development calculated. It is concluded that there is still much to do to achieve equitable regional development, considering the municipalities of each micro-region of the middle region. Key words: regional development; factor analysis; microregions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le rapport au temps est un élément essentiel du développement psychologique de l’être humain. Cette étude décrit le processus d’élaboration d’un outil de mesure de l’orientation temporelle auprès de jeunes adultes français. Partant du constat de l’importance de l’orientation temporelle auprès de jeunes en difficultés, une équipe de psychologues a développé une version préliminaire du questionnaire, qui a ensuite été analysé au niveau de sa validité psychométrique. Les données ont été recueillies auprès de 507 lycéens et étudiants universitaires de la région nantaise. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire permet de faire ressortir quatre dimensions, le court terme, l’immédiateté, l’anticipation et le long terme. La cohérence interne des dimensions est généralement satisfaisante et la mesure de convergence confirme la validité externe. Les corrélations faibles entre les dimensions indiquent qu’il s’agit de mesures psychologiques distinctes. Une version validée du Test d’Orientation Temporelle (TOT), composé de 30 items, est proposée. Temporal orientation is an essential data of the human psyche that modulates how we relied to the times of life. This survey describes the creation of a psychometric measure of temporal orientation in young French adults. Starting with the observation that temporal orientation is difficult for youngsters, a team of psychologists developed a preliminary version of the instrument. The psychometric validity of the test has been analyzed. The data have been collected on 507 high school students and academic students in the region of Nantes. An exploratory factorial analysis shows four dimensions: “short-term”, “immediately”, “anticipation” and “long-term”. The internal consistency is generally satisfactory and the measure of convergence confirms the external validity. The weak interrelationships between dimensions indicate distinct psychological constructs. A validated version composed of 30 items of the Temporal Orientation Test (TOT) is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new semi-empirical scaled correlation for the second virial coefficient of refrigerants, based on the corresponding states principle, is proposed. Starting from the consideration that refrigerants have different chemical structures, the considered experimental dataset, which includes 63 refrigerants and 3595 points, was split into five main subgroups: single halogenated, double halogenated, hydrocarbons, inorganics and elements. The subgroups were analyzed in detail through a factor analysis approach and the coefficients of the new equation were regressed for each group separately. When compared with the other literature models, the proposed formula is clearly simpler and easier to implement. For four of the proposed groups, the correlation adopts a minor number of constant parameters. In addition, the global RMSE is generally lower ( 21.4   cm 3   mol − 1 ) and the proposed mathematical expression well follows the physical constraints that the second virial coefficients must satisfy, both at low and at high reduced temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of economical, institutional and technical changes on farming systems’ organization and performance differ between systems depending on initial endowments, projects, organization types and productive-system management, investment opportunities, etc. As it is difficult to apprehend exhaustively individual diversity, farm modeling through typology appears as the only way to approach farming systems’ diversity in order to assess change differentiated effects and to ensure that research and development will reflect local needs and diversity. The typology, which characterizes the diversity of dairy farm systems in Reunion, results from an iterative and progressive process that combines principles from the typology à dire d’expert (i.e. based on an expert representation of the diversity) and multivariate methods. The typology was developed from surveys and interviews of farmers, and the various actors of the dairy sector: cooperatives, development agencies, local administrators, management centers, etc.

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