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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Protecting riparian vegetation around streams is vital in reducing the detrimental effects of environmental change on freshwater ecosystems and in maintaining aquatic biodiversity. Thus, identifying ecological thresholds is useful for defining regulatory limits and for guiding the management of riparian zones towards the conservation of freshwater biota. Using nationwide data on fish and invertebrates occurring in small Brazilian streams, we estimated thresholds of native vegetation loss in which there are abrupt changes in the occurrence and abundance of freshwater bioindicators and tested whether there are congruent responses among different biomes, biological groups and riparian buffer sizes. Mean thresholds of native vegetation cover loss varied widely among biomes, buffer sizes and biological groups: ranging from 0.5% to 77.4% for fish, from 2.9% to 37.0% for aquatic invertebrates and from 3.8% to 43.2% for a subset of aquatic invertebrates. Confidence intervals for thresholds were wide, but the minimum values of these intervals were lower for the smaller riparian buffers (50 and 100 m) than larger ones (200 and 500 m), indicating that land use should be kept away from the streams. Also, thresholds occurred at a lower percentage of riparian vegetation loss in the smaller buffers, and were critically lower for invertebrates: reducing only 6.5% of native vegetation cover within a 50-m riparian buffer is enough to cross thresholds for invertebrates. Synthesis and applications. The high variability in biodiversity responses to loss of native riparian vegetation suggests caution in the use of a single riparian width for conservation actions or policy definitions nationwide. The most sensitive bioindicators can be used as early warning signals of abrupt changes in freshwater biodiversity. In practice, maintaining at least 50-m wide riparian reserves on each side of streams would be more effective to protect freshwater biodiversity in Brazil. However, incentives and conservation strategies to protect even wider riparian reserves (~100 m) and also taking into consideration the regional context will promote a greater benefit. This information should be used to set conservation goals and to create complementary mechanisms and policies to protect wider riparian reserves than those currently required by the federal law. Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ) Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia UNISINOS Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Instituto de Geociências Departamento de Geografia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Insetos Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos (LOA) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Departamento de Entomologia Museu de Entomologia Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade (PPGBC) Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Laboratório de Inteligência Artificial Eletrônica de Potência e Sistemas Digitais Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Centro Universitário FG (UNIFG) Instituto Federal de Educação Ciencia e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais (IFSULDEMINAS) Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UNIFAL) Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA) Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA) Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia (MHNCI) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal (INPP) Campus Avançado do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) Laboratório de Ecologia Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA) Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change and Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Studies College of Marine & Environmental Sciences James Cook University Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: 465610/2014-5

Notidobiella amazoniana Holzenthal & Blahnik, 2010 was known only from the type locality in Amazonas state, Brazil. Herein, we provide the first record of N. amazoniana for Roraima state, thus extending the geographic range of this species to the northernmost state of Brazil. Its occurrence in Roraima also represents the first record of the family Sericostomatidae for the state and the most northern record of the genus in South America. Information on the holotype of N. amazoniana and a distribution map for all species of Notidobiella are provided.

Investigations on the fungal community associated with the digestive tract (DT) of insects have provided insights into the diversity of associated microorganisms and their potential roles in the interaction with their hosts. However, most studies have focused on terrestrial insects, with few studies focusing on aquatic insects in Neotropical regions. We studied fungal taxa associated with the DT of larval stages of the aquatic shredders Phylloicus amazonas, P. elektoros and P. fenestratus in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Filamentous fungi were isolated, purified and screened for cellulolytic activity. A total of 33 fungal taxa was identified through the combination of classical and molecular taxonomy. The genus Penicillium was the most frequent in DT of Phylloicus spp. (18.75%). The occurrence of fungal taxa among hosts was quite variable, with more than half of the associated fungi being exclusive of each host species. A significant portion of the fungal community associated with each host presented cellulolytic activity (± 50%). It was concluded that the fungal community associated with Phylloicus spp. larvae consist mainly of fungal taxa from food items, which come from riparian vegetation (whose plant species are variable) or are indigenous of the aquatic ecosystems, which is the habitat of these larvae.

Ochrotrichia Mosely is the most species-rich group of microcaddisflies in the Neotropical Region. However, knowledge about this genus in Brazil is still limited; only 11 species are known, distributed in the Atlantic Forest (9), Caatinga (3), and Amazon (1) biomes. In this paper, three new species of Ochrotrichia are described and illustrated based on adult males collected in the Ducke Forest Reserve, a protected area administered by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), located in central Amazonia, Brazil. Ochrotrichia belodes sp. nov., O. buenosoria sp. nov. and O. ducke sp. nov. can be recognized mainly by the morphology of tergum X and the inferior appendages. Based on their simple, elongate tergum X, all new species are assigned to the Ochrotrichia xena Group.

The Smicridea (Smicridea) fasciatella species group occurs from the southwestern USA, throughout Central America, the Greater Antilles islands, and most of South America, except for the Chilean subregion. It is characterized by the phallic apparatus being a simple tube with eversible internal sclerites at the apex. The fasciatella group is composed of 61 species, of which only 11 occur in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome in the southeastern region. In order to reduce the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for the Smicridea Brazilian fauna, we diagnose, describe, and illustrate males of six new species in the fasciatella group: Smicridea (Smicridea) blahniki Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) brevitruncata Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) caaguara Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) ipiranga Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., S. (Smicridea) jeaneae Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov., and S. (Smicridea) polyacantha Desiderio, Pes & Hamada sp. nov. Additionally, we provide distributional data for S. (Smicridea) albosignata Ulmer, 1907, S. (Smicridea) bivittata (Hagen, 1861), S. (Smicridea) erecta Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) obliqua Flint, 1974, S. (Smicridea) paranensis Flint, 1983, and S. (Smicridea) sattleri Denning & Sykora, 1968. The number of S. (Smicridea) species in Brazil increases from 21 to 27 and Smicridea is recorded from the states of Acre, Amapá, and Sergipe for the first time.

The Neotropical caddisfly genus Centromacronema (Hydropsychidae: Macronematinae) contains 17 species. Many of the species are taxonomically poorly known and their biology and immature stages are also very incompletely known. Here, we provide the first complete description of the larval stages of the genus, based on those of Centromacronema obscurum (Ulmer, 1905) collected from a stream flowing through a small fragment of the Atlantic Forest biomes of southeastern Brazil.

Synoestropsis is the only Neotropical representative of the Macronematinae tribe Polymorphanisini. Adults of Polymorphanisini are recognized by the absence of maxillary and labial palpi. Currently, Synoestropsis contains 10 described species recorded from northeast Argentina to southern Mexico. Until now, the larval stages of only one species were described, Synoestropsis furcata Flint. The goals of the present work are to associate larvae and adults of Synoestropsis species by rearing and mDNA sequence association, to describe the immature stages, and to present an identification key. Four associations were made using mDNA congruence ( Synoestropsis pedicillata , Synoestropsis obliqua , Synoestropsis grisoli , and S. furcata ) and two of these were corroborated by rearing immatures under laboratory conditions ( S. grisoli and S. furcata ); one species was associated indirectly by geographic occurrence ( S. obliqua ). A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus, including standardized descriptions for all species now known. Characters that can be used to diagnose the species are the shape of the apicoventral region of the foretrochantin, the presence and arrangement of foretrochantin setae, and the shape of the forecoxa and forefemur.

The genus Camelobaetidius is the second most diverse genus of the family Baetidae in America. Also, two other genera were described as closely related to Camelobaetidius: Corinnella, and Tapajobaetis. A peculiar spatulate tarsal claw is the character shared among them. We used TNT (Tree analysis using New Technology) and GEM (Geographically explicit Event Model) to recover the phylogenic and biogeographic history of these genera. A matrix of 42 taxa and 77 morphological characters was constructed, of which 68 were treated as discrete and nonadditive (unordered), and eight as continuous. All available records of Camelobaetidius plus Corinnella, Tapajobaetis, and the species's outgroup were included in the biogeographic analysis. Corinnella and Tapajobaetis were obtained into Camelobaetidius and, therefore, are here considered junior synonyms. The founder events were the most frequent in this genus, followed by vicariance, sympatry and point sympatry. The long-distance dispersal ability in mayfly seems to be the rule instead of the exception in the history of this clade. Fil: Nieto Peñalver, María Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Boldrini, Rafael. Universidade Federal de Roraima. Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade; Brasil Fil: Gonzalez, Juan Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; Argentina Fil: Pes, Ana Maria. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Brasil Fil: Falcao Salles, Frederico. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Entomologia. Museu de Entomologia; Brasil

After 100 years of its description, the morphological circumscription of Smicridea aequalis Banks, 1920 is provided in this study by the integration of morphological characters of adult, pupal, and larval stages. This fact facilitates its recognition in faunal inventory studies and allows its use in biomonitoring programs, mainly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, two biodiversity hotspots where this species is widely distributed. Adults of S. aequalis may have diurnal activity as they are found frequently and abundantly on the riparian vegetation of fast-flowing streams and rivers during the day. The remarkable color dimorphism observed in males of this species was not reported previously for caddisflies.

Five new species of the caddisfly genus Marilia Müller 1880 are described from the Neotropics, Marilia cabocla sp. nov., Marilia caipira sp. nov., Marilia cunhaporanga sp. nov., Marilia manicorei sp. nov., and Marilia muelleri sp. nov. Larvae and pupae of new species are also described, in addition to the immature stages of M. fasiculata Banks 1913 and M. huamantincoae Dumas & Nessimian 2009; an updated description of M. siolii Marlier 1964 male is provided. This work raises the number of species of this genus from 46 to 51 for the Neotropical Region.

Caddisflies are a highly diverse group of aquatic insects, particularly in the Neotropical region where there is a high number of endemic taxa. Based on taxonomic contributions published until August 2019, a total of 796 caddisfly species have been recorded from Brazil. Taxonomic data about Brazilian caddisflies are currently open access at the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the animal species occurring in Brazil. The order Trichoptera at CTFB includes a catalog of species recorded for the country, with synonymic lists, distribution throughout six biomes, 12 hydrographic regions, and 27 political states (including Federal District) from Brazil. The database is constantly updated to include newly published data. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomic effort on Brazilian caddisflies based on data currently in CTFB database. The accumulation curve of species described or recorded from the country, by year, shows a strong upward trend in last 25 years, indicating that it is possible that there are many more species to be described. Based on presence/absence of caddisfly species at three geographic levels (biomes, hydrographic regions, and states), second order Jackknife estimated at least 1,586 species occurring in Brazil (with hydrographic regions as unities), indicating we currently know about 50% of the Brazilian caddisfly fauna. Species distribution by Brazilian biomes reveals that the Atlantic Forest is the most diverse, with 490 species (298 endemic), followed by the Amazon Forest, with 255 species (101 endemic). Even though these numbers may be biased because there has been more intense collecting in these two biomes, the percentage of endemic caddisfly species in the Atlantic Forest is remarkable. Considering the distribution throughout hydrographic regions, clustering analyses (UPGMA) based on incidence data reveals two groups: northwestern basins and southeastern. Although these groups have weak bootstrap support and low similarity in species composition, this division of Brazilian caddisfly fauna could be related to Amazon-Atlantic Forest disjunction, with the South American dry diagonal acting as a potential barrier throughout evolutionary time.

The larvae, pupae, and cases of Phylloicus amazonas Prather 2003, P. fenestratus Flint 1974, and P. passulatus Prather 2003 are described and illustrated, and the adult females of P. amazonas and P. passulatus are illustrated. Additionally, the lateral coremata with an eversible membranous sac and the everted phallus of the male of P. passulatus are illustrated and described. Larval bionomics are presented for each species. First records of species are presented for Brazil (P. passulatus), Pará state (P. amazonas, P. dumasi Santos & Nessimian 2010, P. elektoros Prather 2003), and Tocantins state (P. fenestratus).

The long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 is the most species-rich within Triplectidinae, comprising about 90 species. Eight species have been recorded so far in Brazil, mainly distributed in the Southeast Region, and only one species has been recorded from the North Region. In this paper a new species of Triplectides is described and illustrated, Triplectides nessimiani Desiderio & Pes sp. nov., based on adult males from Serra do Araca, Amazonas, Brazil. We also provide the first record for Brazil of T. neblinus Holzenthal, 1988 and T. nevadus Holzenthal, 1988. In addition, an updated identification key to Triplectides species with occurrence in Brazil is presented. © 2020, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. All rights reserved.

As a contribution to knowledge of the aquatic beetles of the Neotropical Region, the genus Berosus Leach is recorded for the first time from Roraima State in northern Brazil. Three new species are described and illustrated: Berosus illuviosus sp. n., B. parvus sp. n., and B. andreazzei sp. n. In addition, we present a checklist of the Berosus species collected in 26 ponds in the savanna area of the State of Roraima, with 12 new species records for the state, five of which are also new country records for Brazil.

The Baetidae family is represented by 32 genera from the Neotropics. A new genus, Tapajobaetis , and a new species, T. labiosus , are described based on nymphs and adults from the Brazilian Amazon region. The nymph, with highly modified head and mouth parts is readily distinguished from other genera of this family by the following combination of characters: presence of fine, simple setae on scape and pedicel, labial and maxillary palpi elongated, hind wing pads vestigial, and claws spatulate, with about 140 denticles. Adults, on the other hand, are more similar to other Baetidae and are characterized by the absence of hind wings, anteronotal protuberance slightly truncate and genitalia with posterior margin of subgenital plate convex, forceps segment III elongate. The nymphs were found exclusively over leaves of Thurnia sphaerocephala (Thurniaceae), in areas with moderate currents, and possess modification in the labial palp, which seems to be adapted to collect fine material.

Macrostemum is the second largest genus of Macronematinae with about 104 described species distributed in the Neotropical (18), Afrotropical (20), Australasian (7), Palearctic (2), Nearctic (3) and Oriental (54) regions. Despite its great diversity, knowledge about its immature stages is scarce: worldwide, only 7 species (6.7%) have larvae and/or pupae described. From the Neotropics, only one species, Macrostemum ulmeri (Banks, 1913), has described larvae and pupae. The objectives of this study are to describe and illustrate a new species, Macrostemum araca sp. nov., based on adult males and females from Serra do Aracá, Amazonas, Brazil, and the larvae and pupae of M. brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) from an Atlantic Forest fragment in São Paulo state using the metamorphotype method. In addition, this species is recorded for the first time for Minas Gerais state. © 2019, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. All rights reserved.

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided.

Sisyra panama Parfin & Gurney, 1956 as the first species of the family Sisyridae ( Sisyra panama Parfin & Gurney, 1956) is reported for the first time from Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Pupae of S. panama developed in 8 days; eggs are covered with a thin layer of silk and, under laboratory conditions, hatch in the morning. After eclosion, first-instars exhibited a peculiar jumping behavior, similar to S. fuscata (Fabricius). Os objetivos desse estudo sao registrar a familia Sisyridae ( Sisyra panama Parfin & Gurney, 1956) pela primeira vez no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e fornecer informacoes bionomicas sobre seus estagios imaturos. Ovos, larvas e pupas de S. panama foram coletados no dia 25 de agosto de 2007 na lagoa Carapebus (22°15.107’S 41°35.770’O) , no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pupas obtidas a partir de larvas coletadas no campo e mantidas vivas sob condicoes de laboratorio, levaram aproximadamente oito dias para completar seu desenvolvimento. Ovos foram depositados em grupos de 2 a 8 unidades, sobre a vegetacao aquatica, em ambiente terrestre, cobertos por uma fina camada de seda. Em condicoes de laboratorio, a eclosao das larvas ocorreu no periodo matutino, enquanto que ha relatos na literatura citando que essa atividade ocorre no periodo noturno. Depois da eclosao, larvas de S. panama de primeiro estadio apresentam um comportamento peculiar, elas se curvam sobre si mesmas para ganhar forca e pular, caindo na agua. Esse comportamento e similar ao da especie congenerica S. fuscata (Fabricius). Embora larvas de primeiro estadio de Climacia areolaris (Hagen) apresentem, tambem, um comportamento de pular, o metodo utilizado pelas larvas desta especie e diferente. Uma vez que o comportamento de pular de S. panama e similar ao de S. fuscata sugerimos que esse comportamento pode ser uma caracteristica generica, no entanto, observacoes adicionais sobre diferentes especies desses dois subgeneros devem ser realizadas para corroborar essa hipotese. View this article in BioOne

We present here the first list of species of Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil, as well as new records of caddisfly species for the country. This study is based on collections of adults, from rivers and streams in 10 counties. A total of six families, 14 genera, and 22 species were recorded, increasing the number of species in the northeastern region from 15 to 37. Moreover, Mortoniella asymmetris Blahnik and Holzenthal, 2011 is recorded for the first time from Brazil.

The monotypic genus Corinnella Thomas & Dominique, 2006, was described based on nymphs from French Guyana, and since the original description nothing has been added to knowledge of its systematics. The aim of the present paper is to describe a new species of the genus from Northern Brazil, to improve its diagnoses, and to report the genus for the first time from Brazil. The new species can be recognized by: labrum with discernible anteromedial emargination and process; posterior margin of terga IV with rounded spines; and tarsal claw with seven to nine denticles, with the outer and inner denticles distinctly longer than the others.

The genus Camelobaetidius has 38 valid species distributed throughout the Neotropical and Neartic Regions. The incomplete descriptions of some species of the genus, and the vast morphological variation among some specimens, makes the identification at specific level difficult in some cases. Currently there are eight species of the genus in which the nymphs possess the terminal filament reduced, all of them restricted to South America. The aim of this study was to review these species of Camelobaetidius. Camelobaetidius apis is considered a junior synonym of C. billi. The nymphs of six species are redescribed: C. billi, C. francischettii, C. ipaye, C. leentvaari, C. maranhensis and C. rufiventris. No specimen of Camelobaetidius mantis was studied, and the male imago of C. billi is redescribed. A key for the species of Camelobaetidius with reduced terminal filament is presented.

Summary 1. Many recent studies have quantified the relative importance of environmental variables and dispersal limitations in shaping the structure of stream communities. However, the relative importance of these factors at different spatial extents has been seldom evaluated. 2. We analysed the distribution of caddisfly species in 89 Amazonian streams in relation to stream characteristics and spatial variables representing overland dispersal routes. The streams occur in three regions that differ in spatial extent and environmental characteristics. We analysed the data using partial redundancy analysis with two predictor data sets, one environmental and one spatial, to evaluate the variation in assemblage composition. We also separated caddisflies into ‘good’ and ‘poor’ dispersers to evaluate possible differences in the responses of these two groups. 3. The environmental component explained a higher proportion of variance in assemblage composition than did the spatial component. Spatial effects were evident only when data from all three regions were analysed together, although the exclusive spatial fraction was quite low. Good dispersers responded similarly to the community as a whole, while poor dispersers were related to environmental variables only in one region and also were not related to spatial variables. 4. Caddisflies were most affected by environmental factors. The large environmental effect and small spatial effect are in accord with the use of these stream insects as good indicators of site properties and disturbances in monitoring programmes.

Aim: Larvae of Triplectides spp. and Marilia sp. occupying cases of other species are recorded and photographed; Methods: The material was collected in different sites and dates in Atlantic Forest and Central Amazon regions; Results: The Triplectides larvae seem to have an opportunistic behavior, occupying a great variety of cases, which reflects their common habit of enter in hollow twigs instead of build complex cases. However, this behavior is not frequently recorded in Marilia larvae, and we believe that the difference on the roughness of the interior walls, as well as the difference of the color of the material of the cases limit the opportunistic behavior in this genus; Conclusions: Experimental studies with different species can help the understanding of this behavior in the light of adaptive values. Keywords: opportunistic behavior, case building, biology, Integripalpia, aquatic insects. Resumo: Objetivo: Larvas de Triplectides spp. e Marilia sp. ocupando casulos de outras especies sao registradas e fotografadas

Immature stages of many Brazilian Smicridea species remains unknown, and efforts to describe all life stages are required. In this paper, the larva and pupa of Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) gladiator Flint 1978, associated with adults through the metamorphotype method, are described and illustrated. In addition, the known distribution of this species is extended in the Brazilian Amazon Basin with new records from Amazonas state and the first record in Pará state. Information about its bionomics is also provided.

Características morfológicas sugerem que larvas de Synoestropsis sp. (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) são predadoras. Examinamos o conteúdo estomacal de 48 larvas de Synoestropsis sp. coletadas na época de estiagem de quatro rios de cerrado (Arraia, Cauamé, Cotingo e Ereu) do estado de Roraima para avaliar o hábito alimentar de larvas desse gênero. A alta freqüência de itens animais no conteúdo estomacal das larvas corrobora a hipótese de que esta espécie é predadora. Morphological characteristics of the Synoestropsis sp. larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) suggests that this species is a predator. We examined the stomach contents of 48 Synoestropsis sp. larvae collected in four savannah rivers (Arraia, Cauamé, Cotingo and Ereu) in the state of Roraima during the dry season to evaluate their feeding habits. The high frequency of animal items in the stomach content confirmed the hypothesis that this specie is a predator.

Six new species of Cernotina Ross are described from two Brazilian states: Cernotina anhanguera sp. nov., Cernotina bispicata sp. nov., and Cernotina falcata sp. nov. from Goiás State (Cerrado biome) and Cernotina lanceolata sp. nov., Cernotina longispina sp. nov., and Cernotina sinuosa sp. nov. from Espírito Santo State (Atlantic Forest biome). In addition, we report the first record of Cernotina spinigera Flint 1971 from Goiás State.

Chaves de identificação de larvas aos níveis de família e gênero de Trichoptera da Amazônia Central são apresentadas. Keys for identification of larvae to families and genera of Trichoptera of Central Amazonia are presented.

The objective of this study was to assess if larvae of Phylloicus spp. show any preference for leaves with or without microorganisms when building cases. Two experiments were realized at municipality of Presidente Figueiredo (Amazonas – Brazil), containing leaves treated with Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a compost that has an antimicrobial action, and another one with untreated leaves. In the first were observed the case-building by larvae of Phylloicus spp. And in the second was tested the preference by treated or untreated leaves. The larvae were monitored during 24 hours and to statistical analysis was used the t-test. Were not observed significant differences in the number of discs used by the larvae in the first experiment (p=0.24; t=-0.73) and no preference by type of leaf in the second experiment (p=0.41; t=0.23). Therefore, we do not recommend the use of hydrogen peroxide in studies that aim to eliminate microorganisms from decomposing leaves. Uso de Folhas Tratadas com Peróxido de Hidrogênio na Construção de Abrigos por Phylloicus spp. (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) Resumo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se larvas de Phylloicus spp. possuem preferência por folhas com ou sem micro-organismos para a construção de abrigos. Dois experimentos foram realizados no município de Presidente Figueiredo (Amazonas – Brasil), contendo folhas tratadas com peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), composto que possui ação antimicrobiana, e folhas não tratadas. No primeiro observaram-se a construção de abrigos pelas larvas de Phylloicus spp. e no segundo testou-se a preferência por folhas tratadas ou não tratadas. As larvas foram monitoradas durante 24 horas e para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste-t. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no número de discos usados pelas larvas no primeiro experimento (p=0,24; t=-0,73) e nem na preferência pelo tipo de folha no segundo experimento (p=0,41; t=0,23). Portanto, não recomendamos o uso do peróxido de hidrogênio em estudos realizados em laboratório que visem à eliminação de micro-organismos de folhas em decomposição.

We conducted an inventory of the Trichoptera fauna of Serra do Tepequém, Amajari municipality (county), Roraima state, Brazil. Adult caddisflies were collected with Pennsylvania and Malaise traps operated beside three 2nd-order streams near the summit of Serra do Tepequém. We identified 27 Trichoptera species (including two new species), all representing new records for the state of Roraima, five of these species are recorded for the first time in Brazil. In this study, two new species are described: Marilia mahedae sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: Segment X subquadrate in dorsal view, bipartite, membranous mesally, with short apical V-shaped incision; preanal appendages wide at base in lateral view; endotheca with an acute subapicoventral projection, directed anterad in lateral view; phallotheca very short. Polyplectropus tepequemensis sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: Posterior margin of sternum IX nearly straight; slightly sclerotized intermediate appendages broad in the basal 2/3 and abruptly slender apically; two phallic ducts, each with an endothecal spine. With this inventory the number of Trichoptera species for Roraima state increased from 37 to 65.

A new species of the genus Crenitulus Winters, 1926 (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthrinae: Anacaenini), C. clarksoni sp. nov. is described from northern Brazil and Guyana. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Crenitulus by the following combination of characteristics: body size 1.6–1.8 mm in length; clypeus, frons, pronotum and elytra black, pronotum with distinctly demarcated yellow lateral margins; presence of dorsal pubescence and longitudinal rows of coarser punctures on lateral margins of elytra; apical antennomere 1.5 times longer than wide and 2.5 times longer than antennomere 8; maxillary palpi 2.5 times longer than wide and 2.2 times longer than palpomere 3; mesoventrite nearly flat; procoxae with strong, large spines; femoral pubescence confined to anterior margin and proximal portion; by phallobase as long as parameres; by parameres narrowed apically with the apex rounded and by the median lobe slightly shorter than parameres with corona in subapical position.

The worldwide caddisfly family Calamoceratidae comprises about 175 extant species in eight genera (Holzenthal et al. 2007). Among these, two are exclusively recorded from the Neotropics: Banyallarga Navás with 18 described species (Prather 2004) and Phylloicus Müller with 57 described species (Prather 2003, Dumas & Nessimian 2010, Santos & Nessimian 2010, Quinteiro et al. 2011), both genera recently reviewed by Prather (2003, 2004).

In order to improve knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in Northeast Region, Brazil, we present here the first checklist of caddisflies from Maranhão State with a description of a new species and geographical records for the Northeast Region and for all of Brazil. Collections were made in 16 sites distributed in three municipalities of Maranhão State. A total of 54 caddisflies species, 26 genera and 10 families were recorded, including one new species of Leptoceridae, Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov., which is described and illustrated. All species listed here are recorded for the first time for the state, 23 of which are new records for the Northeast Region, as well as five new species for Brazil. These results increase the number of species reported from the Northeast Region from 167 to 221.

Two new Xiphocentronidae species are described, Machairocentron falciforme sp. nov. and Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) sclerothrix sp. nov. Illustrations of the males, females and pupae are presented. Adults were obtained through the emergence of pupae in the laboratory and from collections in traps suspended 1 m above the water in four streams in Presidente Figueiredo, Manaus and Barcelos municipalities in Amazonas state, and Oiapoque municipality in Amapd state, Brazil. Larvae inhabiting submerged substrates and on stream banks were collected in order to determine the feeding habits by examining gut contents. Larvae of both species are practically indistinguishable; the list of material observed in the gut content therefore refers to both species. Larvae of analyzed species have scraper feeding habits.

In order to access and integrate the knowledge regarding the diversity of the suborder Annulipalpia (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, we present a preliminary list of this group based on literature and on adults collected from 26 different sites in the state. Prior to this study only 11 species of Annulipalpia, belonging to six genera and two families were reported from the state. Based on the adults collected during this study the number of taxa increased considerably to 48 species, 15 genera and five families. Ten species could not be identified and probably are new to science. With the performance of new collections and with the increase in number of sampling points, the number of species of Annulipalpia as well of Trichoptera can still grow considerably. © 2012 Check List and Authors.

The genus Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966 has 38 species distributed throughout the Neotropical Region, being one of the most studied genera of the family Baetidae. Based on material from Brazil, the aim of the present paper is to describe five new species of Camelobaetidius with the terminal filament as long as cerci, and to redescribe the nymph of C. mexicanus (Traver & Edmunds, 1968) based on a paratype from Mexico.

The genus Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966 has 39 species distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, being one of the most studied genera of the family Baetidae. Based on material from Brazil, the aim of the present paper is to describe adults of C. janae Dominique & Thomas, 2001 and C. yacutinga Nieto, 2003, and to recognize a new synonym for Camelobaetidius leentvaari Demoulin, 1966 (= C. mantis Traver & Edmunds, 1968 nov. syn.) based on the examination of type material.

Six new species of Cernotina Ross are described from two Brazilian states: Cernotina anhanguera sp. nov., Cernotina bispicata sp. nov., and Cernotina falcata sp. nov. from Goias State (Cerrado biome) and Cernotina lanceolata sp. nov., Cernotina longispina sp. nov., and Cernotina sinuosa sp. nov. from Espirito Santo State (Atlantic Forest biome). In addition, we report the first record of Cernotina spinigera Flint 1971 from Goias State.

The genus Camelobaetidius Demoulin, 1966 has 37 species distributed throughout the Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, being one of the most studied genera of the family Baetidae. The nymphs are common in lotic habitats, can often be found on top of rocks, and can be easily recognized by the presence of the spatulate tarsal claws. Based on material from Southeastern Brazil, the aim of the present paper is to describe two new species with the terminal filament as long as the cerci (C. juparana sp. nov. and C. spinosus sp. nov.), to describe the female of C. anubis (Traver & Edmunds, 1968), to describe new characters for the male of this species, and to present new records for the genus in southeastern Brazil.