1. Production, optimization, and characterization of biodiesel from almond seed oil using a bifunctional catalyst derived from waste animal bones and almond shell.
- Author
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Oni-Adimabua, Oluwaseun Nneka, Ifeanyi-Nze, Favour Okechi, Abimbolu, Ayomide Khadijat, Opadokun, Emmanuel Oluwakorede, Omolusi, Ayodeji Reynolds, Ezeokolie, Ebube Daniel, Udoh, Esther Abigail, Afuape, Akinwunmi Rapheal, Areola, Michael Oluwafemi, Wokoma, Prince-Timothy Bethany, Odoh, Emmanuel Chinonso, Aiso, Stephen Ubanioshave, Francis, Chibuike Justice, Egbo, Joel Okechukwu, Ayanleke, Taiwo Aderonke, and Ankomah, Nana Okai
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,SUSTAINABILITY ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) - Abstract
The quest for eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fossil fuels intensifies amid the global transition to sustainable energy sources. With petroleum-based products dominating over 95.00% of the fuel market, concerns about their limited biodegradability and high eco-toxicity escalate. Addressing this, there's a rising demand for biobased solutions to mitigate pollution and cut greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on synthesizing biodiesel from waste almond seed oil (WCO) using an innovative bifunctional catalyst derived from waste animal bones and almond shells. Characterization via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis confirms the efficacy of the catalyst. Physicochemical properties of WCO and the resulting biodiesel align with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. Employing Box-Behnken design, we optimized the catalytic process by exploring key parameters, resulting in an impressive biodiesel yield of 86.20%. The optimal parameters were a methanol:oil ratio of 6.026, catalyst loading of 1.49917 wt%, reaction time of 66.8179 minutes, and temperature of 59.9806℃. Our findings underscore the potential of utilizing waste materials for sustainable biodiesel production, with the developed bifunctional catalyst offering a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative, contributing to cleaner fuel production methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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