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1. New Observations Needed to Advance Our Understanding of Coronal Mass Ejections

Author

Palmerio, Erika, Lynch, Benjamin J., Lee, Christina O., Jian, Lan K., Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa, Davies, Emma E., Wood, Brian E., Lugaz, Noé, Winslow, Réka M., Török, Tibor, Al-Haddad, Nada, Regnault, Florian, Jin, Meng, Scolini, Camilla, Carcaboso, Fernando, Farrugia, Charles J., Ledvina, Vincent E., Downs, Cooper, Kay, Christina, Pal, Sanchita, Salman, Tarik M., and Allen, Robert C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large eruptions from the Sun that propagate through the heliosphere after launch. Observational studies of these transient phenomena are usually based on 2D images of the Sun, corona, and heliosphere (remote-sensing data), as well as magnetic field, plasma, and particle samples along a 1D spacecraft trajectory (in-situ data). Given the large scales involved and the 3D nature of CMEs, such measurements are generally insufficient to build a comprehensive picture, especially in terms of local variations and overall geometry of the whole structure. This White Paper aims to address this issue by identifying the data sets and observational priorities that are needed to effectively advance our current understanding of the structure and evolution of CMEs, in both the remote-sensing and in-situ regimes. It also provides an outlook of possible missions and instruments that may yield significant improvements into the subject., Comment: White Paper submitted to the Heliophysics 2024-2033 Decadal Survey, 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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3. Prediction and Verification of Parker Solar Probe Solar Wind Sources at 13.3 R$_\odot$

Author

Badman, Samuel T., Riley, Pete, Jones, Shaela I., Kim, Tae K., Allen, Robert C., Arge, C. Nick, Bale, Stuart D., Henney, Carl J., Kasper, Justin C., Mostafavi, Parisa, Pogorelov, Nikolai V., Raouafi, Nour E., Stevens, Michael L., and Verniero, J. L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Drawing connections between heliospheric spacecraft and solar wind sources is a vital step in understanding the evolution of the solar corona into the solar wind and contextualizing \textit{in situ} timeseries. Furthermore, making advanced predictions of this linkage for ongoing heliospheric missions, such as Parker Solar Probe (PSP), is necessary for achieving useful coordinated remote observations and maximizing scientific return. The general procedure for estimating such connectivity is straightforward (i.e. magnetic field line tracing in a coronal model) but validating the resulting estimates difficult due to the lack of an independent ground truth and limited model constraints. In its most recent orbits, PSP has reached perihelia of 13.3$R_\odot$ and moreover travels extremely fast prograde relative to the solar surface, covering over 120 degrees longitude in three days. Here we present footpoint predictions and subsequent validation efforts for PSP Encounter 10, the first of the 13.3$R_\odot$ orbits, which occurred in November 2021. We show that the longitudinal dependence of \textit{in situ} plasma data from these novel orbits provides a powerful method of footpoint validation. With reference to other encounters, we also illustrate that the conditions under which source mapping is most accurate for near-ecliptic spacecraft (such as PSP) occur when solar activity is low, but also requires that the heliospheric current sheet is strongly warped by mid-latitude or equatorial coronal holes. Lastly, we comment on the large-scale coronal structure implied by the Encounter 10 mapping, highlighting an empirical equatorial cut of the Alfv\`{e}n surface consisting of localized protrusions above unipolar magnetic separatrices., Comment: 33 Pages, 7 Figures, JGR Space Physics, Published Online 2023/3/28, In Final Production

Published
2023
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4. Modelling Solar Energetic Neutral Atoms from Solar Flares and CME-driven Shocks

Author

Li, Gang, Shih, Albert Y., Allen, Robert C., Ho, George, Cohen, Christina M. S., Desai, Mihir, Dayeh, Maher A., and Mason, Glenn

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

We examine the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in solar flares and CME-driven shocks and their subsequent propagation to 1 au. Time profiles and fluence spectra of solar ENAs at 1 au are computed for two scenarios: 1) ENAs are produced downstream at CME-driven shocks, and 2) ENAs are produced at large-scale post-flare loops in solar flares. Both the time profiles and fluence spectra for these two scenarios are vastly different. Our calculations indicate that we can use solar ENAs as a new probe to examine the underlying acceleration process of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and to differentiate the two accelertion sites: large loops in solar flares and downstream of CME-driven shocks, in large SEP events., Comment: 11 pages, updated figures and paper is accepted by ApJ

Published
2022
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5. Prediction of soft proton intensities in the near-Earth space using machine learning

Author

Kronberg, Elena A., Hannan, Tanveer, Huthmacher, Jens, Münzer, Marcus, Peste, Florian, Zhou, Ziyang, Berrendorf, Max, Faerman, Evgeniy, Gastaldello, Fabio, Ghizzardi, Simona, Escoubet, Philippe, Haaland, Stein, Smirnov, Artem, Sivadas, Nithin, Allen, Robert C., Tiengo, Andrea, and Ilie, Raluca

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The spatial distribution of energetic protons contributes towards the understanding of magnetospheric dynamics. Based upon 17 years of the Cluster/RAPID observations, we have derived machine learning-based models to predict the proton intensities at energies from 28 to 1,885 keV in the 3D terrestrial magnetosphere at radial distances between 6 and 22 RE. We used the satellite location and indices for solar, solar wind and geomagnetic activity as predictors. The results demonstrate that the neural network (multi-layer perceptron regressor) outperforms baseline models based on the k-Nearest Neighbors and historical binning on average by ~80% and ~33\%, respectively. The average correlation between the observed and predicted data is about 56%, which is reasonable in light of the complex dynamics of fast-moving energetic protons in the magnetosphere. In addition to a quantitative analysis of the prediction results, we also investigate parameter importance in our model. The most decisive parameters for predicting proton intensities are related to the location: ZGSE direction and the radial distance. Among the activity indices, the solar wind dynamic pressure is the most important. The results have a direct practical application, for instance, for assessing the contamination particle background in the X-Ray telescopes for X-ray astronomy orbiting above the radiation belts. To foster reproducible research and to enable the community to build upon our work we publish our complete code, the data, as well as weights of trained models. Further description can be found in the GitHub project at https://github.com/Tanveer81/deep_horizon.

Published
2021
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6. Radial Evolution of the April 2020 Stealth Coronal Mass Ejection between 0.8 and 1 AU -- A Comparison of Forbush Decreases at Solar Orbiter and Earth

Author

von Forstner, Johan L. Freiherr, Dumbović, Mateja, Möstl, Christian, Guo, Jingnan, Papaioannou, Athanasios, Elftmann, Robert, Xu, Zigong, Terasa, Jan Christoph, Kollhoff, Alexander, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., Rodríguez-Pacheco, Javier, Weiss, Andreas J., Hinterreiter, Jürgen, Amerstorfer, Tanja, Bauer, Maike, Belov, Anatoly V., Abunina, Maria A., Horbury, Timothy, Davies, Emma E., O'Brien, Helen, Allen, Robert C., Andrews, G. Bruce, Berger, Lars, Boden, Sebastian, Cangas, Ignacio Cernuda, Eldrum, Sandra, Lara, Francisco Espinosa, Herrero, Raúl Gómez, Hayes, John R., Ho, George C., Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R., Lees, W. Jeffrey, Martín, César, Mason, Glenn M., Pacheco, Daniel, Mateo, Manuel Prieto, Ravanbakhsh, Ali, Polo, Oscar Rodríguez, Prieto, Sebastián Sánchez, Schlemm, Charles E., Seifert, Helmut, Tyagi, Kush, and Yedla, Mahesh

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Aims. We present observations of the first coronal mass ejection (CME) observed at the Solar Orbiter spacecraft on April 19, 2020, and the associated Forbush decrease (FD) measured by its High Energy Telescope (HET). This CME is a multispacecraft event also seen near Earth the next day. Methods. We highlight the capabilities of HET for observing small short-term variations of the galactic cosmic ray count rate using its single detector counters. The analytical ForbMod model is applied to the FD measurements to reproduce the Forbush decrease at both locations. Input parameters for the model are derived from both in situ and remote-sensing observations of the CME. Results. The very slow (~350 km/s) stealth CME caused a FD with an amplitude of 3 % in the low-energy cosmic ray measurements at HET and 2 % in a comparable channel of the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, as well as a 1 % decrease in neutron monitor measurements. Significant differences are observed in the expansion behavior of the CME at different locations, which may be related to influence of the following high speed solar wind stream. Under certain assumptions, ForbMod is able to reproduce the observed FDs in low-energy cosmic ray measurements from HET as well as CRaTER, but with the same input parameters, the results do not agree with the FD amplitudes at higher energies measured by neutron monitors on Earth. We study these discrepancies and provide possible explanations. Conclusions. This study highlights that the novel measurements of the Solar Orbiter can be coordinated with other spacecraft to improve our understanding of space weather in the inner heliosphere. Multi-spacecraft observations combined with data-based modeling are also essential to understand the propagation and evolution of CMEs as well as their space weather impacts., Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2021
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9. Predicting Interplanetary Shock Occurrence for Solar Cycle 25: Opportunities and Challenges in Space Weather Research.

Author

Oliveira, Denny M., Allen, Robert C., Alves, Livia R., Blake, Séan P., Carter, Brett A., Chakrabarty, Dibyendu, D'Angelo, Giulia, Delano, Kevin, Echer, Ezequiel, Ferradas, Cristian P., Finley, Matt G., Gallardo‐Lacourt, Bea, Gershman, Dan, Gjerloev, Jesper W., Habarulema, John Bosco, Hartinger, Michael D., Hajra, Rajkumar, Hayakawa, Hisashi, Juusola, Liisa, and Laundal, Karl M.

Subjects
MACHINE learning, GEOMAGNETISM, SOLAR activity, SUPERVISED learning, SOLAR wind, SUNSPOTS, SPACE environment, SOLAR cycle
Abstract

Interplanetary (IP) shocks are perturbations observed in the solar wind. IP shocks correlate well with solar activity, being more numerous during times of high sunspot numbers. Earth‐bound IP shocks cause many space weather effects that are promptly observed in geospace and on the ground. Such effects can pose considerable threats to human assets in space and on the ground, including satellites in the upper atmosphere and power infrastructure. Thus, it is of great interest to the space weather community to (a) keep an accurate catalog of shocks observed near Earth, and (b) be able to forecast shock occurrence as a function of the solar cycle (SC). In this work, we use a supervised machine learning regression model to predict the number of shocks expected in SC25 using three previously published sunspot predictions for the same cycle. We predict shock counts to be around 275 ± 10, which is ∼47% higher than the shock occurrence in SC24 (187 ± 8), but still smaller than the shock occurrence in SC23 (343 ± 12). With the perspective of having more IP shocks on the horizon for SC25, we briefly discuss many opportunities in space weather research for the remainder years of SC25. The next decade or so will bring unprecedented opportunities for research and forecasting effects in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and on the ground. As a result, we predict SC25 will offer excellent opportunities for shock occurrences and data availability for conducting space weather research and forecasting. Plain Language Summary: Solar activity is quite correlated with sunspot numbers. Alternating periods between solar minima and minima, termed solar cycle, usually occur every ∼11 years. As a result, researchers often attempt to predict sunspot occurrences for the following solar cycle. Solar perturbations occur more frequently during periods of high solar activity, and Earth‐bound perturbations can disturb the Earth's magnetic field in geospace and on the ground, affecting satellites and power infrastructure. In this work, we use an artificial intelligence supervised model to predict the number of shock occurrences in the ongoing solar cycle (beginning December 2019) by training the model with observations of sunspots and solar perturbations in the previous two solar cycles (August 1996–December 2019). Then, sunspot number predictions for the ongoing solar cycle are applied to the model, and predictions for the solar perturbations are obtained. We find that the number of predicted solar perturbations is ∼50% higher than their occurrence number in the previous solar cycle (December 2008–December 2019). Finally, we discuss how this relatively higher number of predicted solar perturbations can impact space weather research given the unprecedented number of data sets available in geospace and on the ground in the upcoming years. Key Points: SSN and shock count data in SC23‐24 are used with SSN predictions for SC25 in a supervised regression model to estimate shock counts in SC25We predict SC25 (275) will have ∼48% more shocks in comparison to SC24 (187), but it will have fewer shocks in comparison to SC23 (343)SC25 will offer unprecedented opportunities for space weather research given the availability of many data sets from space to the ground [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. List of contributors

Author

Allen, Robert C., primary, Allred, D.D., additional, Atz, E., additional, Benson, Robert F., additional, Bentley, Sarah N., additional, Brandt, Pontus C., additional, Collado-Vega, Y., additional, Collier, M.R., additional, Connor, H.K., additional, Davis, M., additional, DeMajistre, Robert, additional, Fasel, Gerard, additional, Fletcher, G., additional, Fung, Shing F., additional, Galkin, Ivan A., additional, Gallagher, D.L., additional, Gkioulidou, Malamati, additional, Goldstein, J., additional, Green, James L., additional, Gullikson, E., additional, Hegedus, Alexander M., additional, Hsieh, Syau-Yun, additional, Johnson, Jay R., additional, Kuntz, K.D., additional, Liou, Kan, additional, Mann, John, additional, Miles, David M., additional, Mitchell, Donald G., additional, Molyneux, P., additional, Morgan, Frank, additional, Murphy, Kyle R., additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Parker, Charles W., additional, Porter, F.S., additional, Reinisch, Bodo W., additional, Roelof, Edmond C., additional, Sandel, B.R., additional, Sandhu, Jasmine K., additional, Sibeck, D.G., additional, Sigernes, Fred, additional, Smith, Andy W., additional, Song, Paul, additional, Sonwalkar, Vikas, additional, Turley, R.S., additional, Veach, T., additional, Walsh, B.M., additional, Windt, D., additional, and Wing, Simon, additional

Published
2022
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15. Unusually long path length for a nearly scatter-free solar particle event observed by Solar Orbiter at 0.43 au

Author

Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., primary, Berger, Lars, additional, Kollhoff, Alexander, additional, Kühl, Patrick, additional, Heber, Bernd, additional, Yang, Liu, additional, Heidrich-Meisner, Verena, additional, Klassen, Andreas, additional, Gomez-Herrero, Raúl, additional, Rodriguez-Pacheco, Javier, additional, Ho, George C., additional, Mason, Glenn M., additional, Janitzek, Nils P., additional, Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, additional, Wang, Linghua, additional, Warmuth, Alexander, additional, Lario, David, additional, Carcaboso, Fernando, additional, Owen, Christopher J., additional, Buík, Radoslav, additional, Pacheco, Daniel, additional, Malandraki, Olga, additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Rodriguez, Luciano, additional, Shukhobodskaia, Daria, additional, Espinosa Lara, Francisco, additional, Cernuda, Ignacio, additional, Böttcher, Stephan I., additional, Eldrum, Sandra, additional, Fleth, Sebastian, additional, and Xu, Zigong, additional

Published
2023
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19. List of contributors

Author

Acemoglu, Daron, primary, Allen, Robert C., additional, Ashraf, Quamrul H., additional, Becker, Sascha O., additional, Bisin, Alberto, additional, Bowles, Samuel, additional, Broadberry, Stephen, additional, Cantoni, Davide, additional, Choi, Jung-Kyoo, additional, Cioni, Martina, additional, Clark, Gregory, additional, Egorov, Georgy, additional, Federico, Giovanni, additional, Frankema, Ewout, additional, Galor, Oded, additional, Giuliano, Paola, additional, Greenwood, Jeremy, additional, Guner, Nezih, additional, Hall, George J., additional, Hansen, Gary D., additional, Hwang, Sung-Ha, additional, Klemp, Marc, additional, Kopecky, Karen A., additional, Levine, David K., additional, Lowes, Sara, additional, Malis, Matt, additional, Margo, Robert A., additional, Matranga, Andrea, additional, Modica, Salvatore, additional, Mokyr, Joel, additional, Monnet, Eric, additional, Moro, Andrea, additional, Naidu, Suresh, additional, Nunn, Nathan, additional, Ohanian, Lee E., additional, Ozturk, Fatih, additional, Pascali, Luigi, additional, Persson, Torsten, additional, Querubin, Pablo, additional, Rubin, Jared, additional, Sargent, Thomas J., additional, Satyanath, Shanker, additional, Sonin, Konstantin, additional, Stasavage, David, additional, Tabellini, Guido, additional, Valencia Caicedo, Felipe, additional, Vasta, Michelangelo, additional, Velde, François R., additional, Verdier, Thierry, additional, Voth, Hans-Joachim, additional, Woessmann, Ludger, additional, and Yuchtman, Noam, additional

Published
2021
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23. Cosmic Rays Measurements on an Interstellar Probe: A Bold Approach to Concluding the Second Century of Space Aged Science

Author

Hill, Matthew E., primary, Allen, Robert C., additional, Brandt, Pontus C., additional, Decker, Robert B., additional, Gkioulidou, Matina, additional, Krimigis, Stamatios M., additional, Kollmann, Peter, additional, Jr., Ralph L. McNutt,, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Nikoukar, Romina, additional, Provornikova, Elena, additional, Roelof, Edmond C., additional, Turner, Drew L., additional, Cummings, Alan C., additional, Leske, Richard A., additional, Mewaldt, Richard A., additional, Nolfo, Georgia A. de, additional, Mitchell, J. Grant, additional, Dialynas, Konstantinos, additional, Florinski, Vladimir F., additional, Kota, Jozsef, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, and Richardson, John D., additional

Published
2023
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24. Gender Diversity in Heliophysics

Author

Kenny, Megan N., primary, Mathews, Nat, additional, Abler, Mel, additional, Glenn, Alex, additional, Verniero, Jaye, additional, Brosius, A., additional, Cheung, M. C. M., additional, Sande, Kiera van der, additional, Olson, Joseph, additional, Murphy, Nicholas, additional, Lichko, Emily, additional, Schaffner, David, additional, Halford, Alexa, additional, Egedal, Jan, additional, Pyakurel, Prayash Sharma, additional, Thompson, Barbara, additional, Stevens, Michael L., additional, Lynch, Benjamin J., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Badman, Samuel T., additional, Vines, Sarah, additional, Niembro, Tatiana, additional, Alterman, Benjamin, additional, Johnston, Craig, additional, Chen, Li-Jen, additional, Wilson, Lynn, additional, Jaynes, Allison, additional, Kerr, Graham, additional, Guidoni, Silvina, additional, Carter, Troy, additional, Gibson, Sarah, additional, Malaspina, David, additional, Haggerty, Colby, additional, Carcaboso, Fernando, additional, Greeley, Ashley, additional, Cassak, Paul, additional, Breneman, Aaron, additional, Higginson, Aleida, additional, Shumko, Mykhaylo, additional, Pulkkinen, Antti, additional, Miesch, Mark, additional, Malanushenko, Anna, additional, Nykyri, Katariina, additional, Velli, Marco, additional, Marble, Andy, additional, Chen, Thomas Y., additional, Mitchell, J. Grant, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Narock, Ayris, additional, Leamon, Robert, additional, and Paulson, Kristoff, additional

Published
2023
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25. The Solar Wind at Mesoscales — Revealing the Missing Link

Author

Allen, Robert C., primary, Smith, Evan J., additional, Anderson, Brian J., additional, Borovsky, Joe, additional, Ho, George C., additional, Jian, Lan, additional, Krucker, Säm, additional, Lepri, Susan, additional, Li, Gang, additional, Livi, Stefano, additional, Lugaz, Noé, additional, Malaspina, David M., additional, Maruca, Bennett A., additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Raines, Jim M., additional, Verscharen, Daniel, additional, Vievering, Juliana, additional, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Whittlesey, Phyllis, additional, III, Lynn Wilson,, additional, Wimmer-Schqeingruber, Robert F., additional, Lee, Christina O., additional, Cohen, Christina M. S., additional, Nykyri, Katariina, additional, Filwett, Rachael, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Dayeh, Maher, additional, Mason, Glenn, additional, Desai, Mihir, additional, and Verniero, Jaye, additional

Published
2023
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26. Beyond AMPERE-NEXT: Envisioning the Next System of Global High-Latitude Electrodynamics

Author

Vines, Sarah, primary, Anderson, Brian, additional, Waters, Colin L., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Maute, Astrid, additional, Kunduri, Bharat, additional, Paxton, Larry, additional, Strangeway, Robert J., additional, Lin, Dong, additional, Robinson, Robert, additional, Le, Guan, additional, Zhu, Qingyu, additional, Milan, Steve, additional, Ozturk, Dogacan, additional, Korth, Haje, additional, Laundal, Karl, additional, Ohtani, Shinichi, additional, Chartier, Alex, additional, Murphy, Kyle, additional, Matsuo, Tomoko, additional, Sotirelis, Thomas, additional, Delores, Knipp, additional, Califf, Sam, additional, Mesquita, Rafael Luiz Araujo de, additional, Connor, Hyunju, additional, James, Clemmons, additional, and Gang, Lu, additional

Published
2023
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28. New Observations Needed to Advance Our Understanding of Coronal Mass Ejections

Author

Palmerio, Erika, primary, Lynch, Benjamin J., additional, Lee, Christina O., additional, Jian, Lan K., additional, Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa, additional, Davies, Emma E., additional, Wood, Brian E., additional, Lugaz, Noé, additional, Winslow, Réka M., additional, Török, Tibor, additional, Al-Haddad, Nada, additional, Regnault, Florian, additional, Jin, Meng, additional, Scolini, Camilla, additional, Carcaboso, Fernando, additional, Farrugia, Charles J., additional, Ledvina, Vincent E., additional, Downs, Cooper, additional, Kay, Christina, additional, Pal, Sanchita, additional, Salman, Tarik M., additional, and Allen, Robert C., additional

Published
2023
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29. Mentorship within Heliophysics

Author

Halford, Alexa J., primary, Stawarz, Julia E., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Dong, Chuanfei, additional, Bard, Christopher, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Liemohn, Michael W., additional, Regoli, Leonardo H., additional, Verniero, Jaye L., additional, Sigsbee, Kristine, additional, Blum, Lauren, additional, Turner, Niescja, additional, Malaspina, David, additional, Jr., McArthur Mack Jones,, additional, Mason, James Paul, additional, Lejosne, Solène, additional, Kirk, Michael S. F., additional, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Lepri, Susan T., additional, Gallardo-Lacourt, Bea, additional, Hartinger, Michael, additional, Viall, Nicholeen, additional, Brandt, Laura, additional, Badman, Samuel, additional, Ledvina, Vincent, additional, Turner, Drew, additional, Zettergren, Matthew, additional, Young, C. Alex, additional, Connor, Hyunju, additional, Krause, Linda Habash, additional, McGranaghan, Ryan, additional, Jahn, Jörg-Micha, additional, Goodwin, Lindsay, additional, and Kosar, Burcu, additional

Published
2023
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30. An Inclusive Heliophysics Community

Author

Halford, Alexa J., primary, Stawarz, Julia E., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Dong, Chuanfei, additional, Bard, Christopher, additional, Walsh, Brian, additional, Willson, Lynn B., additional, Bortnik, Jacob, additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Filwett, Rachael, additional, Liemohn, Michael W., additional, Regoli, Leonardo H., additional, Keesee, Amy M., additional, Burrell, Angeline G., additional, Verniero, Jaye L., additional, Klenzing, Jeff, additional, Sigsbee, Kristine, additional, Blum, Lauren, additional, Turner, Niescja, additional, Malaspina, David, additional, Jr., McArthur Mack Jones,, additional, Mason, James Paul, additional, Lejosne, Solène, additional, Kirk, Michael S. F., additional, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Sotirelis, Thomas S., additional, Lepri, Susan T., additional, Garcia-Sage, Katherine, additional, Gallardo-Lacourt, Bea, additional, Hartinger, Michael, additional, Viall, Nicholeen, additional, Brandt, Laura, additional, Badman, Samuel, additional, Ledvina, Vincent, additional, Turner, Drew, additional, Zettergren, Matthew, additional, Young, C. Alex, additional, Maute, Astrid, additional, Connor, Hyunju, additional, Atz, Emil, additional, Krause, Linda Habash, additional, McGranaghan, Ryan, additional, Jahn, Jörg-Micha, additional, Goodwin, Lindsay, additional, and Kosar, Burcu, additional

Published
2023
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31. Interplanetary Mesoscale Observatory (InterMeso): A mission concept to untangle dynamic mesoscale structures throughout the heliosphere

Author

Allen, Robert C., primary, Smith, Evan J., additional, Anderson, Brian J., additional, Borovsky, Joe, additional, Ho, George C., additional, Jian, Lan, additional, Krucker, Säm, additional, Lepri, Susan, additional, Li, Gang, additional, Livi, Stefano, additional, Lugaz, Noé, additional, Malaspina, David M., additional, Maruca, Bennett A., additional, Mostafavi, Parisa, additional, Raines, Jim M., additional, Verscharen, Daniel, additional, Vievering, Juliana, additional, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Whittlesey, Phyllis, additional, III, Lynn Wilson,, additional, and Wimmer-Schqeingruber, Robert F., additional

Published
2023
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32. Heliophysics and Space Weather Science at ~1.5 AU: Knowledge Gaps and Need for Solar and Solar Wind Monitors at Mars

Author

Lee, Christina O., primary, Mayyasi, Majd, additional, Xu, Shaosui, additional, Chamberlin, Phillip, additional, DiBraccio, Gina, additional, Sanchez-Cano, Beatriz, additional, Davies, Emma E., additional, Scolini, Camilla, additional, Filwett, Rachael, additional, Ramstad, Robin, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Lynch, Benjamin J., additional, Luhmann, Janet G., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Vines, Sarah, additional, Winslow, Réka M., additional, and Elliott, Heather, additional

Published
2023
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33. The Future of Heliophysics Research through Targeted use of Constellations

Author

Allen, Robert C., primary, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Filwett, Rachael, additional, Malaspina, David, additional, Livi, Stefano A., additional, Maruca, Bennett A., additional, Lee, Christina O., additional, Verscharen, Daniel, additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, Javier, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Lugaz, Noé, additional, Borovsky, Joe, additional, Nieves-Chinchilla, Teresa, additional, Burch, James, additional, Jian, Lan, additional, Claudepierre, Seth, additional, Li, Gang, additional, Gabrielse, Christine, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Dayeh, Maher, additional, Ho, George C., additional, Mason, Glenn, additional, and Elliott, Heather, additional

Published
2023
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36. Education and Technological Revolutions: The Role of the Social Sciences and the Humanities in the Knowledge Based Economy.

Author

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario). and Allen, Robert C.

Abstract

The role of the social sciences and the humanities in a knowledge-based economy was examined in a comparative study of the income and employment outcomes of secondary-, postsecondary-, and graduate-level study programs in technical fields, the social sciences, and the humanities in 1991-1996. Special attention was paid to the following areas: the economic success of graduates in 1996; rates of return on investment in education in selected fields; employment changes in 1991-96; a case study of the British Columbian labor market; techism and economic development; and the productivity approach and economic development. The study established that computers and information have revolutionized business organization and increased the demand for social science and humanities graduates. Technological advances and the resultant falling cost of information has made the hierarchical organization inefficient and increased the need for workers with the following types of skills and abilities that are cultivated in social sciences and humanities programs: (1) to understand the information generated by computer systems, analyze it, relate it to the world, and act on it; (2) to make critical and independent judgments; and (3) to develop the interpersonal and communication skills needed to deal with clients and work together in self-directing teams. (MN)

Published
1999

43. Cultivating a culture of inclusivity in heliophysics

Author

Halford, Alexa J., primary, Burrell, Angeline G., additional, Liemohn, Michael W., additional, Jones, McArthur, additional, Maute, Astrid, additional, Pulkkinen, Tuija I., additional, Bard, Christopher M., additional, McGranaghan, Ryan M., additional, Wilson, Lynn B., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Dong, Chuanfei, additional, Vines, Sarah K., additional, Wang, Liang, additional, Turner, Niescja, additional, Garcia-Sage, Katherine, additional, Mandt, Kathleen, additional, and Klenzing, Jeff, additional

Published
2023
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44. Extended 3He-rich time periods observed by Solar Orbiter

Author

Kouloumvakos, Athanasios, primary, Mason, Glenn M., additional, Ho, George C., additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Rouillard, Alexis P., additional, Rodríguez-Pacheco, Javier R., additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, and Gómez-Herrero, Raúl, additional

Published
2023
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45. Heliophysics and space weather science at ∼1.5 AU: Knowledge gaps and need for space weather monitors at Mars

Author

Lee, Christina O., primary, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, additional, DiBraccio, Gina A., additional, Mayyasi, Majd, additional, Xu, Shaosui, additional, Chamberlin, Phillip, additional, Davies, Emma, additional, Scolini, Camilla, additional, Filwett, Rachael J., additional, Ramstad, Robin, additional, Palmerio, Erika, additional, Lynch, Benjamin J., additional, Luhmann, Janet G., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Allen, Robert C., additional, Vines, Sarah, additional, Winslow, Réka, additional, and Elliott, Heather, additional

Published
2023
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