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Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Possible effects of the vagus inhibition and stimulation on the hypothalamic nuclei, myenteric plexes and the vagus nerve were investigated. Methods: The female rats divided to the inhibition (INH), stimulation (STI) and, sham (SHAM) groups were fed with high fat diet (including 40% of energy from animal fat). After nine weeks, the rats were allowed to recover for 4 weeks in INH group. In STI group, the left vagus nerve stimulated (30 Hz/500 msn/30 sec.) starting 2nd post operative day for 5 minutes during 4 weeks. Healthy female rats used as control (CONT). Then, tissue samples were analyzed by biochemical, histological and stereological methods. Results: The mean number of the neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the INH group was significantly less; but, that is significantly more in the STI group compared to the other groups. The neuronal density of ventromedial nucleus in the STI group was higher; while the density in the INH group was lower than the other groups. In the dorsomedial nucleus, neuron density of the INH group was lower than the other groups. In terms of the myenteric plexus volumes, that of the INH group was lowest. The myelinated axon number in the INH group was significantly highest. The myelin sheath thickness and axon area of the INH group was significantly lower than the other groups. Discussion: The results of the study show that the vagal inhibition is more effective than the vagal stimulation on the weight loss in the obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of topiramate on the fat mass/obesity-associated protein (FTO) and on the neuropeptide Y (NPY) level in the hypothalamus depending on the recently increased prevalence of obesity. Method: In this study, twenty-four female rats were divided into four equal groups: Non-obese control, obese control, non-obese topiramate, and obese topiramate. Obese groups were fed with a 40% high-fat diet. At the end of the 9th week, the drug treatment started and the subjects were treated with topiramate once a day for 6 weeks. All animals underwent cardiac perfusion under high-dose anesthesia on the 15th week. Tissues were analyzed using biochemical, histological, and stereological methods. Results: In terms of neuron number in the arcuate nucleus area, a significant difference was observed among all groups (P < 0.01). The neuron number of the non-obese topiramate group was found to be significantly higher than that of the non-obese control group (P < 0.01). In the examination of the ventromedial nucleus of the entire group, it was observed that the neuron number of the non-obese control group was significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.01). A significant increase in the NPY levels of the obese groups compared to the groups treated with topiramate was observed. Furthermore, the amount of the FTO protein increased in obese rats, while FTO and NPY levels decreased in the groups treated with topiramate. Discussion: In conclusion, the mechanism of the effect of topiramate to create a state of obesity is thought to involve the decrease in the levels of NPY and FTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study, the investigation of the effects of nutrition with genetically modified organisms on sex hormones and the changes of these effects with stimuli such as auditory and exercise. Methods: In the study, the eight-week 32 female and 32 male Spraque Dawley rats. Rats randomly divided into eight groups; control, genetically modified organisms, auditory stimulation, exercise, genetically modified organism+auditory stimulus, genetically modified organism+exercise, genetically modified organism+auditory stimulus+exercise groups. Genetically modified organism (GMO) groups were fed a mixture containing 40 ml of 50% corn syrup per day, auditory stimulus (AUDI) groups were listened Segah and Huseyni maqam with a sound height of 55 decibels for 60 minutes per day, while exercise groups (EX) were swam in an 80 cm long 40 cm wide pool. After the experimental procedure, changes in the subjects' body weights and sex hormone levels were reported. While it was found that body weights showed a significant increase in all rats subjected to GMO; and the high significant increase was observed in female rats. Results: In the study of lactate levels, a significant increase was observed in male rats compared to the control group in the GMO, EX+AUDI and GMO+EXC groups, but a decrease was observed in the GMO+AUDI group compared to the GMO group; in female rats of EXE groups, significant increases in the blood lactate levels were observed. In the testosterone levels, a decrease was observed in the AUDI group in male rats compared to other groups; a decrease was observed in the AUDI+EXC group in female rats compared to the control group. While there was no significant difference between all groups in estrogen levels on male rats, significant decreases were observed in female rats in exercise groups and in the GMO+AUDI group compared to CONT, while there was an increased between AUDI+EXC and GMO group. Although there was no statistically significant difference among all groups in female rats. Conclusion: All results show that GMO is highly effective in weight gain and causes changes in the hormonal levels. It auditory and exercise stimuli may be effective in hormonal changes caused by GMO nutrition. However, more work is needed to elucidate the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gamma radiation, a form of ionizing radiation, is used in many different areas, especially in the health field and in the treatment of cancer. However, gamma radiation used for therapeutic purposes also has numerous harmful effects on human health. This study was planned to investigate the impacts of exposure to gamma radiation on the hippocampal area and the preventive effects of myricitrin and chebulinic acid against that damage. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. The control group was exposed to no treatment. The chebulinic acid and myricitrin groups were injected with the relevant drug at a dosage of 0.033 mg/kg) (vehicle; normal saline) per day. The gamma groups were placed in a plexiglass test setup with their heads positioned close to the source. The subjects were exposed to radiation with a mixed source containing radioactive Cs-137 and Co-60 isotopes obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Physics Department Nuclear Physics Laboratory for 1 h. Gamma radiation was applied 16 mGy for one hour per day for 10 days. The gamma radiation+chebulinic acid and the gamma radiation myricitrin groups also received 0.033 mg/kg per day of these drugs via injection. Immediately after the experimental procedure, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests, and perfused brain tissues were analyzed using stereological methods. Stereological analysis showed that gamma radiation caused a decrease in the numbers of neurons in the hippocampal area (p < 0.01; One-way ANOVA) and that chebulinic acid and myricitrin reduced this decrease (p < 0.01; One-way ANOVA). Decreases in learning and memory capacity were detected in behavioural tests in rats from the Gamma group. The study findings showed that that the adverse health effects of Gamma radiation can be ameliorated using myricitrin and chebulinic acid. Myricitrin was more effective in terms of cell proliferation and defence against oxidative stress than chebulinic acid, and exhibited a more neuroprotective effect. However, more detailed analyses should be performed before using either antioxidant for therapeutic purposes. • Neuron damage in the hippocampal region was observed in subjects exposed to gamma radiation. • Chebulunic acid and myricitrin reduced neuron damage due to gamma radiation. • Cell damage due to gamma radiation also caused a decrease in learning and memory functions, and antioxidant treatment reduced the loss of function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]