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1. Can GPT-4 Models Detect Misleading Visualizations?

Author

Alexander, Jason, Nanda, Priyal, Yang, Kai-Cheng, and Sarvghad, Ali

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

The proliferation of misleading visualizations online, particularly during critical events like public health crises and elections, poses a significant risk. This study investigates the capability of GPT-4 models (4V, 4o, and 4o mini) to detect misleading visualizations. Utilizing a dataset of tweet-visualization pairs containing various visual misleaders, we test these models under four experimental conditions with different levels of guidance. We show that GPT-4 models can detect misleading visualizations with moderate accuracy without prior training (naive zero-shot) and that performance notably improves when provided with definitions of misleaders (guided zero-shot). However, a single prompt engineering technique does not yield the best results for all misleader types. Specifically, providing the models with misleader definitions and examples (guided few-shot) proves more effective for reasoning misleaders, while guided zero-shot performs better for design misleaders. This study underscores the feasibility of using large vision-language models to detect visual misinformation and the importance of prompt engineering for optimized detection accuracy., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted by IEEE VIS 2024 (https://ieeevis.org/year/2024/program/paper_v-short-1177.html)

Published
2024

5. Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Treated With Revascularization

Author

Menard, Matthew T., Farber, Alik, Powell, Richard J., Rosenfield, Kenneth, Conte, Michael S., Hamza, Taye H., Kaufman, John A., Cziraky, Mark J., Creager, Mark A., Dake, Michael D., Jaff, Michael R., Reid, Diane, Sopko, George, White, Christopher J., Strong, Michael B., van Over, Max, Chisci, Emiliano, Goodney, Philip P., Gray, Bruce, Kayssi, Ahmed, Siracuse, Jeffrey J., Choudhry, Niteesh K., Maurao, Mick, Muluk, Satish, Belkin, Michael, Lyden, Sean, Shishehbor, Mehdi, Bajakian, Danielle, Duwayri, Yazan, Bowens, Nina, Nypaver, Timothy, Mukherjee, Dipankar, Obrand, Daniel, LaMuraglia, Glenn, Kalra, Manju, Bernardo, Nelson, Barshes, Neal, Lipsitz, Evan, Jenkins, J. Stephen, Gasper, Warren, Owens, Christopher, Pomposelli, Frank, Rogers, Kevin, Vouyouka, Ageliki, Passman, Marc, Pena, Constantino, Ramaiah, Venkatesh, Hoch, John, Bersin, Robert, Hayes, Greg, Ho, Karen, Shah, Aamir, Lum, Ying Wie, Darling, R. Clement, III, Aalami, Oliver, Zhou, Wei, Patel, Parag, Aziz, Abdulhameed, Halloran, Brian, Jung, Enjae, Mitchell, Erica, Turba, Ulku Cenk, Choi, Eric, Hiramoto, Jade, Owens, Christopher, Milner, Ross, Crawford, Robert, Ucuzian, Areck, Henke, Peter, Chaer, Rabih, Lahiri (Adams), Julie, Gelabert, Hugh, Safian, Robert, Mena-Hurtado, Carlos, Ihnat, Daniel, Rowe, Vincent, Kashyap, Vikram, Shaw, Palma, Korngold, Ethan, Lindsay, Thomas, Winkelaar, Gerrit, Mell, Matthew, DuVal, Bruce, Aziz, Faisal, Reed, Amy, Nazzal, Munier, Schanzer, Andres, Hamdan, Allen, Smeds, Matthew, Kalish, Jeffrey, Slaiby, Jeffrey, Androes, Mark, Hanover, Tod, Motaganahalli, Raghu, Chang, Catherine, Hye, Robert, Alexander, Jason, Ansel, Gary, Bohannon, Todd, Desai, Sapan, Hodgson, Kim, Hood, Douglas, Guzman, Randolph Pl, Giles, Kristina, Shah, Samir, Hawkins, Beau, Brothers, Thomas Edward, Azizzadeh, Ali, Charlton-Ouw, Kristofer, Khan, Sophia, Brooke, Benjamin S., Kabutey, Nii-Kabu, Sachar, Ravish, Dosluoglu, Hasan, Berman, Scott, Blebea, John, Taubman, Kevin, Douville, Yvan, Cox, Mitchell W., Davis, Joseph, Caps, Michael, Schneider, Peter, Abou-Zamzam, Ahmed, Feldman, Robert, von Mering, Gregory, Tan, Tze-Woei, Virk, Chiranjiv S., Zhang, Wayne, Bacharach, Michael, Seidman, Craig, Iafrati, Mark, Findeiss, Laura, Bailey, Charles, Shames, Murray, Lane, John, Baril, Donald, Hass, Stephen, Stone, Patrick, Sharma, Aditya, Tracci, Margaret, Mackenzie, Kent, Stoner, Michael, Starr, Jean, McAllister, David, Singh, Niten, Tsai, Shirling, Kinlay, Scott, Macsata, Robyn, Neville, Richard, Rundback, John, McGinigle, Kate, Vallabhaneni, Raghu, Espinoza, Andrey, Azarbal, Amir, Longo, G. Matthew, Kovach, Richard, Soukas, Peter, Metzger, Chris, Artis, Andre, Bachinsky, William, Armstrong, Ehrin, Hattler, Brack, Chandra, Venita, Schor, Jonathan, Bianchi, Christian, Kiang, Sharon, Ben-Arie, Eyal, Verta, Michael, Wilkinson, Julia, Hurie, Justin, Kopriva, David, Molnar, Robert, Chun, Linda Jun, Azene, Ezana, Davis, Clark, Blazick, Elizabeth, Henao, Steve, Proffitt, Trent, Herman, Christine, Nathan, Derek, Chang, Robert, Lane, John, Mureebe, Leila, Chen, Jerry, Semel, Marcus, Fecteau, Scott, Mehta, Manish, Nagpal, Sudhir, Shammas, Nicolas, Kujath, Scott, Beasley, Robert, Vogel, Todd, Hedayati, Nasim, Brooks, James, Nelson, Peter, Parrack, Inkyong, Bernik, Thomas, Dexter, David, Brown, Kellie, Huang, Joe, Wu, Timothy, Hacker, Robert, Garland, Brandon Tyler, Griffin, Joseph, Laskowski, Igor, Pfau, Steven, Duncan, Audra, Trachtenberg, Jeffrey, Gordon, Ian, Tan, Tze-Woei, Aulivola, Bernadette, Zayed, Mohamed, Venermo, Maarit, Hill, Andrew, Wickremesekera, Janaka Kesara, Ketteler, Erika, Michelagnoli, Stefano, Bannazadeh, Mohsen, Sikalas, Nicholas, Khashram, Manar, Vasudevan, Thodur, Simmons, Justin, Osborne, Nicholas, Fox, Charles, and Vallabhaneni, Raghuveer

Published
2024
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7. THE CALIFORNIA PHENOLOGY COLLECTIONS NETWORK: USING DIGITAL IMAGES TO INVESTIGATE PHENOLOGICAL CHANGE IN A BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT

Author

Yost, Jenn M, Pearson, Katelin D, Alexander, Jason, Gilbert, Edward, Hains, Layla Aerne, Barry, Teri, Bencie, Robin, Bowler, Peter, Carter, Benjamin, Crowe, Rebecca E, Dean, Ellen, Der, Joshua, Fisher, Amanda, Fisher, Kirsten, Flores-Renteria, Lluvia, Guilliams, C. Matt, Hatfield, Colleen, Hendrickson, Larry, Huggins, Tom, Janeway, Lawrence, Lay, Christopher, Litt, Amy, Markos, Staci, Mazer, Susan J, Mccamish, Danny, Mcdade, Lucinda, Mesler, Michael, Mishler, Brent, Nazaire, Mare, Rebman, Jon Paul, Rosengreen, Lars, Rundel, Philip W, Potter, Dan, Sanders, Andrew C., Seltmann, Katja C, Simpson, Michael G, Wahlert, Gregory A, Waselkov, Katherine, Williams, Kimberlyn, Wilson, Paul S, and BioStor

Published
2020

9. Emerge

Author

Alexander, Jason, primary, Taher, Faisal, additional, Hardy, John, additional, and Vidler, John, additional

Published
2022
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13. The Longer-Term Benefits and Harms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Alexander, Jason T., Staab, Erin M., Wan, Wen, Franco, Melissa, Knitter, Alexandra, Skandari, M. Reza, Bolen, Shari, Maruthur, Nisa M., Huang, Elbert S., Philipson, Louis H., Winn, Aaron N., Thomas, Celeste C., Zeytinoglu, Meltem, Press, Valerie G., Tung, Elizabeth L., Gunter, Kathryn, Bindon, Brittany, Jumani, Sanjay, and Laiteerapong, Neda

Published
2022
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14. Longer-term Benefits and Risks of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Alexander, Jason T., Staab, Erin M., Wan, Wen, Franco, Melissa, Knitter, Alexandra, Skandari, M. Reza, Bolen, Shari, Maruthur, Nisa M., Huang, Elbert S., Philipson, Louis H., Winn, Aaron N., Thomas, Celeste C., Zeytinoglu, Meltem, Press, Valerie G., Tung, Elizabeth L., Gunter, Kathryn, Bindon, Brittany, Jumani, Sanjay, and Laiteerapong, Neda

Published
2022
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21. Visual Methods for the Design of Shape-Changing Interfaces

Author

Sturdee, Miriam, Everitt, Aluna, Lindley, Joseph, Coulton, Paul, Alexander, Jason, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Lamas, David, editor, Loizides, Fernando, editor, Nacke, Lennart, editor, Petrie, Helen, editor, Winckler, Marco, editor, and Zaphiris, Panayiotis, editor

Published
2019
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25. THE CALIFORNIA PHENOLOGY COLLECTIONS NETWORK : USING DIGITAL IMAGES TO INVESTIGATE PHENOLOGICAL CHANGE IN A BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT

Author

Yost, Jenn M., Pearson, Katelin D., Alexander, Jason, Gilbert, Edward, Hains, Layla Aerne, Barry, Teri, Bencie, Robin, Bowler, Peter, Carter, Benjamin, Crowe, Rebecca E., Dean, Ellen, Der, Joshua, Fisher, Amanda, Fisher, Kirsten, Flores-Renteria, Lluvia, Guilliams, C. Matt, Hatfield, Colleen, Hendrickson, Larry, Huggins, Tom, Janeway, Lawrence, Lay, Christopher, Litt, Amy, Markos, Staci, Mazer, Susan J., McCamish, Danny, McDade, Lucinda, Mesler, Michael, Mishler, Brent, Nazaire, Mare, Rebman, Jon, Rosengreen, Lars, Rundel, Philip W., Potter, Dan, Sanders, Andrew, Seltmann, Katja C., Simpson, Michael G., Wahlert, Gregory A., Waselkov, Katherine, Williams, Kimberlyn, and Wilson, Paul S.

Published
2019

34. Bose-Einstein condensation transition studies for atoms confined in Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes

Author

Akin, T. G., Kennedy, Sharon, Dribus, Ben, Marzuola, Jeremy, Johnson, Lise, Alexander, Jason, and Abraham, E. R. I.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

Multiply-connected traps for cold, neutral atoms fix vortex cores of quantum gases. Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes are ideal for such traps due to their phase stability. We report theoretical calculations of the Bose-Einstein condensation transition properties and thermal characteristics of neutral atoms trapped in multiply connected geometries formed by Laguerre-Gaussian LG{p}{l} beams. Specifically, we consider atoms confined to the anti-node of a LG{0}{1} laser mode detuned to the red of an atomic resonance frequency, and those confined in the node of a blue-detuned LG{1}{1} beam. We compare the results of using the full potential to those approximating the potential minimum with a simple harmonic oscillator potential. We find that deviations between calculations of the full potential and the simple harmonic oscillator can be up to 3%-8% for trap parameters consistent with typical experiments., Comment: 7 pages 7 figures

Published
2011
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35. Understanding and improving navigation within electronic documents

Author

Alexander, Jason

Subjects
005.7
Abstract

Electronic documents form an integral part of the modern computer age—virtually all personal computers have the ability to create, store and display their content. A connection to the Internet provides users with an almost endless source of documents, be they web-pages, word-processor files or emails. However, the entire contents of an electronic document are often too large to be usefully presented on a user’s screen, at a single point in time. This issue is usually overcome by placing the content inside a scrolling environment. The view onto the document is then modified by directly adjusting a scrollbar or by employing tools such as the mousewheel or paging keys. Applications may also provide methods for adjusting the document’s zoom and page layout. The scrollbar has seen widespread adoption, becoming the default tool used to visualise large information spaces. Despite its extensive deployment, researchers have little knowledge on how this and related navigation tools are used in an everyday work environment. A characterisation of users’ actions would allow designers to identify common behaviours and areas of inefficiency as they strive to improve navigation techniques. To fill this knowledge gap, this thesis aims to understand and improve navigation within desktop-based electronic documents. This goal is achieved using a five step process. First, the literature is used to explore document navigation tasks and the tools currently available to support electronic document navigation. Second, a software tool called AppMonitor, that logs users’ navigation actions, was developed. Third, AppMonitor was deployed in a longitudinal study to characterise document navigation actions in Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader. Forth, to compliment this study, two task-centric observations of electronic document navigation were performed, to probe the reasons for navigation tool selection. Finally, the Footprints Scrollbar was developed to improve one common aspect of navigation—within-document revisitation. To begin, two areas of current knowledge in this domain are overviewed: paper and electronic document navigation and electronic document navigation tools. The literature review produced five categories of document navigation tasks: ‘overviewing and browsing’, ‘reading’, ‘annotating and writing’, ‘searching’ and ‘revisitation’. In a similar fashion, electronic document navigation tools were reviewed and divided into eight categories: core navigation tools (those commonly found in today’s navigation systems), input devices, scrollbar augmentations, content-aware navigation aids, visualisations that provide multiple document views, indirect manipulation techniques, zooming tools and revisitation tools. The literature lacked evidence of an understanding of how these current document navigation tools are used. To aid the gathering of empirical data on tool use, the AppMonitor tool was developed. It records user actions in unmodified Windows applications—specifically for this research, Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader. It logs low-level interactions such as “left mouse button pressed” and “Ctrl-f pressed” as well as high level ‘logical’ actions such as menu selections and scrollbar manipulations. It requires no user input to perform these tasks, allowing study participants to continue with their everyday work. To collect data to form a characterisation of document navigation actions, 14 participants installed AppMonitor on their computer for 120 days. This study found that users primarily employ the mousewheel, scrollbar thumb and paging keys for navigation. Further, many advanced navigation tools that are lauded for their efficiency, including bookmarks and search tools, are rarely used. The longitudinal study provided valuable insights into the use of navigation tools. To understand the reasons behind this tool use, two task-centric observations of electronic document navigation were conducted. The first asked participants to perform a series of specific navigation tasks while AppMonitor logged their actions. The second was performed as a series of interactive sessions, where users performed a particular task and were then probed on their tool choice. These two studies found that many users are not aware of the advanced navigation tools that could significantly improve their navigation efficiency. Finally, the characterisations highlighted within-document revisitation as a commonly performed task, with current tools that support this action rarely used. To address this problem, the analysis, design and evaluation of a Footprints Scrollbar is presented. It places marks inside the scrollbar trough and provides shortcuts to aid users return to previously visited locations. The Footprints Scrollbar was significantly faster and subjectively preferred over a standard scrollbar for revisitation tasks. To summarise, this thesis contributes a literature review of document navigation and electronic document navigation tools; the design and implementation of AppMonitor—a tool to monitor user actions in unmodifiedWindows applications; a longitudinal study describing the navigation actions users perform; two taskcentric studies examining why actions are performed; and the Footprints Scrollbar, a tool to aid within-document revisitation tasks.

Published
2009

41. Interactions Under the Desk: A Characterisation of Foot Movements for Input in a Seated Position

Author

Velloso, Eduardo, Alexander, Jason, Bulling, Andreas, Gellersen, Hans, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Abascal, Julio, editor, Barbosa, Simone, editor, Fetter, Mirko, editor, Gross, Tom, editor, Palanque, Philippe, editor, and Winckler, Marco, editor

Published
2015
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42. Gaze+touch vs. Touch: What’s the Trade-off When Using Gaze to Extend Touch to Remote Displays?

Author

Pfeuffer, Ken, Alexander, Jason, Gellersen, Hans, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Abascal, Julio, editor, Barbosa, Simone, editor, Fetter, Mirko, editor, Gross, Tom, editor, Palanque, Philippe, editor, and Winckler, Marco, editor

Published
2015
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43. An Empirical Investigation of Gaze Selection in Mid-Air Gestural 3D Manipulation

Author

Velloso, Eduardo, Turner, Jayson, Alexander, Jason, Bulling, Andreas, Gellersen, Hans, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Abascal, Julio, editor, Barbosa, Simone, editor, Fetter, Mirko, editor, Gross, Tom, editor, Palanque, Philippe, editor, and Winckler, Marco, editor

Published
2015
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