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Humerus is the longest and thickest bone of the upper limb. As a long bone, it has two epiphysis and diaphysis. In this study, we aimed to conduct morphometric measurements belonging to human humerus. This study was conducted on 60 humerus (28 right, 32 left) in collections of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medicine Faculty Anatomy Laboratory. Digital calipers, osteometric board and precision scales for humerus bone measurements were used. Measurements were classified as measurements of diaphysis and proximal and distal epiphysis of humerus. Each bone weight was determined. Also nutrient foramen number and localization was determined. In this study, it was determined that mean right humerus length 30.41±1.73 mm, mean left humerus length 30.04±2.39 mm. It was identified that mean right humerus weight was 115.05±28.06 g, mean left humerus weigh twas 111.63±33.34 g. In 9 humerus (15 %), supratrochlear foramen has been observed. 6 of these were oval and 3 of them were round. Nutrient foramen has not been observed in two humerus (3.3 %). Also, medium and weak correlation was identified between many parameters. We believe that the obtained data from this study may be qualities of reference for sex determination from humerus. El húmero es el hueso más largo y grueso del miembro superior. Como un hueso largo, tiene dos epífisis y una diáfisis. En este estudio, se pretende realizar mediciones morfométricas pertenecientes al húmero humano. Este estudio se realizó en 60 húmeros (28 derechos, 32 izquierdos) en colecciones del Laboratorio de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina Meram,Necmettin Erbakan University, Se utilizaron calibradores digitales, tableros osteométricos y escalas de precisión para medir el húmero. Las mediciones se clasificaron como medidas de húmero proximal, corporal y distal. Se determinó el peso de cada hueso. También se determinó el número y la localización de los forámenes nutricios. La longitud media del húmero derecho fue de 30,41 ± 1,73 mm y la del húmero izquierdo fue de 30,04 ± 2,39 mm. El peso medio del húmero derecho fue 115,05 ± 28,06 g y el izquierdo 111,63 ± 33,34 g. En 9 húmeros (15 %), se observó un foramen supratroclear, seis de ellos eran ovales y tres redondos.No se observó foramen nutricio en dos húmeros (3,3 %). Además, se identificó una correlación media y débil entre varios parámetros. Creemos que los datos obtenidos de este estudio pueden ser de referencia para la determinación del sexo de un individio a partir del húmero.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are widespread health problems all over the world and have high morbidity and mortality. Hemodialysis patients are more frequently exposed to these viruses as they have poor immune system and frequently undergo parenteral interventions. The vaccination against HBV prevents infection and it has been recommended for the prevention of HBV infection in all susceptible dialysis patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and analyzed the factors affecting inadequate response to HBV vaccine in dialysis patients. The data for 584 dialysis patients that were followed up at seven dialysis centers were analyzed. The patients received four doses of 40 mu g recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months and were tested for anti-HBs titer after one month of completion of vaccination. If patients showed a titer of anti-HBs < 10 IU/mL, an additional 40 mu g in four vaccine doses was administered immediately and they were retested for the anti-HBs following the same schedule. The patients were divided into two groups: responders and non-responders.

Objectives: Fabry's disease is an X-linked inherited, rare, progressive, lysosomal storage disorder, affecting multiple organs due to the deficient activity of a-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) enzyme. The prevalence has been reported to be 0.15-1% in hemodialysis patients; however, the information on the prevalence in chronic kidney disease not on dialysis is lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Fabry's disease in chronic kidney disease. Methods: The patients older than 18 years, enclosing KDIGO 2012 chronic kidney disease definitions, not on dialysis, were enrolled. Dried blood spots on Guthrie papers were used to analyze alpha-Gal A enzyme and genetic analysis was performed in individuals with enzyme activity

著者人数: 88名, Accepted: 2014-01-24, 資料番号: SA1140010000

The Renal arteries, which supply the kidney, originate from anterolateral or lateral branches of the abdominal aorta at the level of L1-L2 vertebrae,below the superior mesenteric artery. The failure of the lateral branches of the embryologic mesonephrons to degenerate results in many variations in the anatomy of the renal artery. Double renal arteries is the most common of these variations. A 67 year old male patient was admitted to Meram Medicine Faculty with severe abdominopelvic pain. A double renal artery variation was detected during CT angiography. In the literature, reported rates for variation of the root of the renal artery range from 11 % to 30.9 %. Failure of transplantation is seen more frequently with kidneys supplied by double renal arteies than that of kidneys supplied by a single artery. Furthermore, the frequency of variation of the anatomy of the renal artery shows social, ethnical and racial differences. We believe that our findings will increase the awareness of renal artery variations and positively impact the success of surgical procedures, Böbreği besleyen arteria renalis lumbal 1. (L1) ve 2. (L2) lumbal vertebra seviyesinden, arteria mesenterica superior’un hemen altında aorta abdominalis’in anterolateral ya da lateral kısmından çıkar. Embriyonik damar olan mesonefronların lateral dallarının erişkinlikte kaybolmaması nedeniyle arteria renalis anatomisi oldukça varyasyon gösterir. Renal morfolojik varyasyonlar arasında en sık karşılaşılan çift arteria renalis varyasyonudur. Meram Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesine, postprandiyal abdominal ağrı ile başvuran 67 yaşındaki erkek hastanın incelenen bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinde arteria renalis varyasyonuna rastlandı. Literatürde arteria renalis’in kök varyasyonlarına dair %11 ile %30,9 arasında değişen farklı değerler verilmektedir. Çift arteria renalis ile beslenen böbrek transplantasyonlarında görülen başarısızlık, varyasyon göstermeyen böbrek transplantasyonlarına göre daha yüksek oranda görülmektedir. Diğer yandan arteria renalis varyasyon sıklığının, sosyal, etnik ve ırksal farklılıklar gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde ettiğimiz sonuçların; karşılaşılabilecek varyasyonlara olan farkındalığı arttıracağını ve cerrahi yönetimin başarısını olumlu yönde etkileyeceğini düşünmekteyiz.

At present, the most widely used medications for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) include clomifene citrate (CC) and gonadotropins. CC is a safe, effective and cheap agent for COH; however, antiestrogenic effects on endometrium and cervical mucous may prevent pregnancy despite successful ovulation. Failure of CC usually warrants gonadotropins, which are associated with high cost, parenteral administration, high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancy. In these circumstances, aromatase inhibitors (Als) should be considered as an alternative regimen with or without exogenous gonadotropins in patients who failed to ovulate with CC. Absence of persistent antiestrogenic effect due to their short half-life, lack of estrogen receptor depletion and promising outcome in patients with poor ovarian response are the prominent advantages. This review is aimed at providing insight to the chemical structure and pharmacokinetics of Als and their (in particular, letrozole) clinical utility in hyperstimulated or in vitro fertilization cycles. The potential teratogenic effects are also discussed. © 2007 Informa UK Ltd.