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This study investigated the influence of lactoferrin (LF) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the growth rate and immune response of Egyptian Baladi goats. Thirty-five goat kids (2.765 ± 0.135) were comprised seven groups, each with five individuals. The control group received neither LF nor NAC. The subsequent groups received daily doses at 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg NAC. Similarly, the other groups were administered LF at 50 mg, 100 mg, or 200 mg per day. Biweekly assessments were used to measure the weight and daily weight gain (DWG) of the offspring. Additionally, blood samples were collected every 20, 40, and 60 days post-treatment for hemoglobin, total leukocyte counts, and subtypes. Additionally, blood serum was analyzed for total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase levels. The findings showed significant enhancements in the DWG, hemoglobin concentration, total leukocyte count, and various white blood cell types in the groups treated with LF and NAC compared to those in the control group. Notably, the group receiving LF at 200 mg/ml exhibited the most significant improvements with control and other level of LF. LF at 50 mg/ml/day resulted in higher total protein, albumin, and creatinine levels than did both the control and the other treatments with similar dose of 50 mg/mg/day of NAC. Administration of either LF or NAC notably enhanced the growth rate and blood parameters compared to those of the control group. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of daily LF and NAC administration during the weaning phase for Egyptian Baladi goat kids to enhance their immune response and accelerate their growth rate.

Abstract Background With students becoming more involved in the internet and social networking sites, they become more prone to their consequences. This study focuses on measuring the social networking intensity and the fear of missing out among the medical students of University of Khartoum, then examining the association between them. Methods Facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University between January and March 2021. A total of 333 students were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from the participants using a structured self-administered questionnaire that involved the social networking intensity (SNI) scale and fear of missing out (FOMO) scale. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 26. Results Moderate positive correlation between social networking intensity and fear of missing out was found (p-value

As the world grapples with the energy crisis, integrating renewable energy sources into the power grid has become increasingly crucial. Microgrids have emerged as a vital solution to this challenge. However, the reliance on renewable energy sources in microgrids often leads to low inertia. Renewable energy sources interfaced with the network through interlinking converters lack the inertia of conventional synchronous generators, and hence, need to provide frequency support through virtual inertia techniques. This paper presents a new control algorithm that utilizes the reinforcement learning agents Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) to support the frequency in low-inertia microgrids. The RL agents are trained using the system-linearized model and then extended to the nonlinear model to reduce the computational burden. The proposed system consists of an AC–DC microgrid comprising a renewable energy source on the DC microgrid, along with constant and resistive loads. On the AC microgrid side, a synchronous generator is utilized to represent the low inertia of the grid, which is accompanied by dynamic and static loads. The model of the system is developed and verified using Matlab/Simulink and the reinforcement learning toolbox. The system performance with the proposed AI-based methods is compared to conventional low-pass and high-pass filter (LPF and HPF) controllers.

The research relied on the (CN-SCS) method, which is one of the important methods used to estimate the water harvest, which was developed by the Soil Conservation Department of the United States Department of Agriculture (Soil Conservation (Service) in 1970 AD, and its famous formula was developed in 1986 AD The (SCS) method is a set of mathematical equations whose input depends on providing information about land covers and patterns of use, soil hydrology, type of vegetation cover, and amounts of rain falling to know the characteristics of flow and the possibility of water harvesting in the Sukran valley basin, through knowledge and analysis of the description of land cover and knowledge Types of hydrological soils in the region and determining the pre-condition of soil moisture After completing these three elements, the values of CN were obtained, which express the extent of soil permeability, the coefficient (S), which expresses the maximum potential for soil water retention, the coefficient (LA) which indicates the amount of lost rainwater before the onset of surface runoff, and the coefficients (Q). ) and (QV) which express the depth and quantity of runoff volume in the area.

The metabolic profile of dendritic cells (DCs) shapes their phenotype and functions. The carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) enzyme is highly expressed in mononuclear myeloid cells; however, its exact role in DCs is elusive. We used a CES1 inhibitor (WWL113) and genetic overexpression to explore the role of CES1 in DC differentiation in inflammatory models. CES1 expression was analyzed during CD14+ monocytes differentiation to DCs (MoDCs) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A CES1 inhibitor (WWL113) was applied during MoDC differentiation. Surface markers, secreted cytokines, lactic acid production, and phagocytic and T cell polarization capacity were analyzed. The transcriptomic and metabolic profiles were assessed with RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. Cellular respiration was assessed using seahorse respirometry. Transgenic mice were used to assess the effect of CES1 overexpression in DCs in inflammatory models. CES1 expression peaked early during MoDC differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of CES1 led to higher expression of CD209, CD86 and MHCII. WWL113 treated MoDCs secreted higher quantities of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-10 and demonstrated stronger phagocytic ability and a higher capacity to polarize T helper 17 differentiation in an autologous DC-T cell coculture model. Transcriptomic profiling revealed enrichment of multiple inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Functional metabolic analysis showed impaired maximal mitochondrial respiration capacity, increased lactate production, and decreased intracellular amino acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Transgenic human CES1 overexpression in murine DCs generated a less inflammatory phenotype and increased resistance to T cell–mediated colitis. In conclusion, CES1 inhibition directs DC differentiation toward a more inflammatory phenotype that shows a stronger phagocytic capacity and supports T helper 17 skewing. This is associated with a disrupted mitochondrial respiration and amino acid depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate exact multiple soliton waves in the time-dependent variable coefficients modified KdV (mKdV) equation. Employing similarity transformations, as well as tanh and sech function methods, we present multiple kink wave, singular kink, and triangular function solutions for the time-dependent mKdV equation with variable coefficients. Specifically. We investigate the construction of multiple solitons by choosing a special form of the time variable. Our results demonstrate that the specific choice of these analogous temporal variables can effectively control the characteristics of numerous soliton kinks, offering potential applications in diverse fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a world where the energy crisis is becoming overwhelming, demand for integrating renewable energy sources is increasing and forming microgrids is becoming an essential solution. The new microgrid systems, which depend mainly on renewable energy sources instead of conventional synchronous generators, come with a low inertia concern. This paper proposes a virtual inertia controller based on a high-pass filter (HPF) to support the frequency of the AC microgrid while maintaining the DC voltage of the DC microgrid within the nominal ranges in cases of contingencies. The proposed system encounters an AC-DC microgrid with a renewable energy source on the DC microgrid alongside constant power load and resistive loads, while on the AC microgrid side, a synchronous generator is used to present the low inertia of the grid with dynamic loads and static loads. The state-space linearized model of the system is developed and verified using Matlab Simulink. The dynamic response of the proposed controller is compared to the low-pas filter (LPF)-based controller. Moreover, the effect of changing the system’s parameters on eigenvalues is investigated.

Wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), based on permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs), are becoming common sources in dc grids. However, in previous dc grids integration studies, turbine-generator mechanical dynamics are represented by a single-mass model. A practical direct-drive connection in a PMSG-WECS yields lightly-damped torsional speed oscillations because of the double-mass mechanical nature of the generator and the wind turbine. Active damping strategies are usually employed to suppress the mechanical oscillations in a full back-to-back converter interfacing PMSG-WECSs into ac grids; nevertheless, the active damper performance in dc grids is unknown, particularly under dc grid uncertainties and, more importantly, the presence of dynamic and constant power loads commonly used in dc grids. To fill out this gap, this paper presents a detailed modeling and comprehensive stability assessment of a dc grid with a high penetration level of wind power generation. Moreover, stability enhancement strategies are proposed to increase the damping of the entire system, considering different operating and installation scenarios that might face a system integrator/designer. Time-domain simulation studies, based on nonlinear models, are conducted to validate the analytical results. Furthermore, hardware-in-loop real-time simulation studies demonstrate the feasibility of hardware implementation.

Background: Myeloid cells are critical determinants of the sustained inflammation in Crohn’s Disease (CD). Targeting such cells may be an effective therapeutic approach for refractory CD patients. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein inhibitors (iBET) are potent anti-inflammatory agents; however, they also possess wide-ranging toxicities. In the current study, we make use of a BET inhibitor containing an esterase sensitive motif (ESM-iBET), which is cleaved by carboxylesterase-1 (CES1), a highly expressed esterase in mononuclear myeloid cells. Methods: We profiled CES1 protein expression in the intestinal biopsies, peripheral blood, and CD fistula tract (fCD) cells of CD patients using mass cytometry. The anti-inflammatory effect of ESM-iBET or its control (iBET) were evaluated in healthy donor CD14+ monocytes and fCD cells, using cytometric beads assay or RNA-sequencing. Results: CES1 was specifically expressed in monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell populations in the intestinal tissue, peripheral blood, and fCD cells of CD patients. ESM-iBET inhibited IL1β, IL6, and TNFα secretion from healthy donor CD14+ monocytes and fCD immune cells, with 10- to 26-fold more potency over iBET in isolated CD14+ monocytes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ESM-iBET inhibited multiple inflammatory pathways, including TNF, JAK-STAT, NF-kB, NOD2, and AKT signaling, with superior potency over iBET. Conclusions: We demonstrate specific CES1 expression in mononuclear myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood and inflamed tissues of CD patients. We report that low dose ESM-iBET accumulates in CES1-expressing cells and exerts robust anti-inflammatory effects, which could be beneficial in refractory CD patients.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease for which new targeted therapies are currently available. Due to the increased rates of ocular surface disease (OSD) reported during treatment with these new targeted treatments, more insight into the occurrence and pathomechanism of OSD in moderate‐to‐severe AD patients is needed. Therefore, this review's first part highlights that most patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD already have characteristics of OSD before starting targeted treatment. Remarkably, not all AD patients with OSD report ocular symptoms. OSD in AD is associated with less conjunctival goblet cells (GC) compared to healthy controls. In addition, OSD severity in AD patients is associated with high AD activity, the presence of eyelid and/or facial eczema, and high levels of AD‐related severity biomarkers in tear fluid. The second part of this review highlights that pre‐existing ocular pathology (e.g. in combination with the use of ophthalmic medication or eyelid eczema) may be associated with the development of dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD). During dupilumab treatment, DAOSD (which can be new‐onset OSD or worsening of pre‐existing OSD) is observed in approximately one‐third of the dupilumab‐treated AD patients. Anti‐inflammatory ophthalmic treatment improves DAOSD, and dose reduction of dupilumab may also be an effective treatment option. The pathomechanism of DAOSD is still not fully elucidated. In a prospective study low, but stable conjunctival GC numbers were observed in moderate‐to‐severe AD patients, before and during dupilumab treatment. However, the Mucin 5 AC (MUC5AC) expression of GCs decreased during dupilumab treatment, suggesting an impairment of the GC function by dupilumab treatment. In addition, higher dupilumab tear fluid levels were found in dupilumab‐treated AD patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSD compared to patients with no or mild OSD, whereas the dupilumab serum levels are similar. Clinicians should be aware of the frequent occurrence of OSD in moderate‐to‐severe AD patients, and a low‐threshold referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Incidence of detection of colorectal polyp is increasing in recent years. But factors associated with malignant potentiality of colorectal polyp is largely unknown. Aims of the study: The aim of this study was to correlate patient age and colonic polyp size with malignant potentiality. Materials and methods: This was an observational cross sectional study, carried out in Gastroenterology department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka cantonment in between January to December 2019. Total 240 patients were included in the study, whose underwent colonoscopy, had colonic polyps and polyp biopsy was done. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS 20 and obtained in tables and diagrams. Results: Out of 240 patients male 165(68.7%), female 75(31.3%) with male to female ratio 2.5:1; mean age±SD 53.3±15.4 years; below 40 years 43 (17.9%), 40-60 years 102 (42.5%) and above 60 years 95(39.6%); 92 (38.3%) patients had different co-morbidity including 39 (16.3%) had multiple co-morbidity; colonic polyps found in caecum 32(13.3%), ascending colon 14 (5.8%), transverse colon 8(3.3%), descending colon 20(8.3%), sigmoid colon 32(13.3%), rectum 104 (43.3%), and multiple sites 30(12.5%);180(75.0%) polyps were sessile and 60(25.0%) pedunculated with minimum size 3mm and maximum 21mm in diameter; polyps were of neoplastic 91(37.9%), hyperplastic 18 (7.5%), and inflammatory 131(54.6%); among neoplastic polyps 83(34.6%) benign and 8(3.3%) malignant; among neoplastic polyps mild dysplasia 66(72.5%), moderate dysplasia 17(18.7%) and severe dysplasia 8(8.8%); polyps larger than 10mm size were associated with increasing degree of dysplasia, odds ratio (OR) 9.2; 95% CI (2.9 to 29.1), p value < .001; patients of more than 60 years of age were also more associated with increasing degree of polyp dysplasia, odds ratio 3.5; 95% CI (1.3 to 9.2), p value .01. Conclusion: Increasing age of patients and increasing size of colorectal polyps were associated with increasing degree of dysplasia in colonic polyp histopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the uppermost cereal grain crop considered as a major stable food for the Egyptian people. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the effect of two planting dates (PD) (20th of November and 20th of December) under four different planting methods (PM) (bed broadcast, flat broadcast, drill at 15 cm, and drill at 25 cm apart rows) on the productivity and water relations of wheat genotype (Egypt 1). The study is intended to assess the water relations for wheat planting dates and planting methods and determine the role of late planting date and planting methods on wheat productivity. Results showed that the values of grain yields and some attributed yields were highly significantly affected by planting dates and methods in the two growing seasons. Planting wheat at the optimal date (20th November) was better than sowing at the late date (20th December) for all values obtained from the studied parameters in both seasons of the study. The bed broadcast planting method gave the highest mean values for all studied parameters except the plant height which was recorded with drilling seeds at a 15 cm planting method in the two growing seasons. The highest values of water applied were recorded with the first date under the borders planting method (PD1M2), while the lowest of Aw recorded was from beds planting method with the second date. The highest mean values for WP were recorded with the bed broadcast planting method.

Background: Anterior recurrent glenohumeral instability is a common clinical entity, particularly among the young athletic patient population with a glenoid defect greater than 20%. Glenoid reconstruction with a bone graft has become the treatment of choice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of arthroscopically assisted reconstruction in the management of recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability associated with glenoid insufficiency. Methods: Our prospective study involved 30 cases of anterior shoulder instability associated with a glenoid defect greater than 20%. All patients were operated on at Zagazig University Hospitals. All cases were surgically managed by arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the glenoid defect with a bone graft. 15 cases with the coracoid process and 15 cases with the tricortical iliac crest graft. Results: Thirty patients were followed up on for a year. All patients showed significant improvement in their range of motion. No dislocation or subluxation was recorded in any patient. Except for one graft, all the grafts completed bony union. Constant-Murley score and the University of California, Los Angeles scale were highly significant improved postoperatively. Conclusions: Soft-tissue stabilization procedures for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability have been shown to be less effective, with a high recurrence rate of up to 67% in patients with extensive glenoid bone loss greater than 20%. In the case of extensive glenoid bone loss greater than 20%, bone grafting techniques are used instead of soft tissue stabilization procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With students becoming more involved in the internet and social networking sites, they become more prone to their consequences. This study focuses on measuring the social networking intensity and the fear of missing out among the medical students of University of Khartoum, then examining the association between them. Methods: Facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University between January and March 2021. A total of 333 students were selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected from the participants using a structured self-administered questionnaire that involved the social networking intensity (SNI) scale and fear of missing out (FOMO) scale. The data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 26. Results: Moderate positive correlation between social networking intensity and fear of missing out was found (p-value < 0.01). Of the total participants; 51 participants (15.4%) experienced low SNI and low FOMO. Another 78 participants (23.6%) had moderate SNI and moderate FOMO and only 16 Participants (4.8%) showed high SNI and high FOMO. There were no significant differences in SNI or FOMO scores among the different socio-demographic variables, except for the SNI score which was positively correlated to the monthly income. Conclusion: An association between SNI and FOMO was found. SNI was not affected by socio-demographic factors except for the monthly income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Sheep & Goats Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Egypt has recently inaugurated a mega development project aiming to alleviate the overpopulation along the Nile River and to meet the looming food gap. Toshka is a promising area where groundwater-dependent activities are being expanded adjacent to Lake Nasser. Thus, it is of utmost importance to provide a sustainable development approach and to assess the resulting environmental implications. Accordingly, a coupled groundwater flow and transport model was invoked. The generated model was successfully calibrated for the observed water levels and salinity. The proposed exploitation regime of 102 wells each pumping 1000 m3/day was simulated for a 100-year test period. The maximum resulting drawdown was about 25 m, compatible with the advocated sustainable restriction limit. Climate change (CC) impacts of reducing the lake's storage and increasing the crops' water requirements were investigated. The lake's water level fluctuations were a key factor in the aquifer hydraulics and flow direction. The drawdown breakthrough considering the CC catastrophic scenario (RCP8.5) has increased by about 20%. The developed solute transport model was utilized to simulate the salinity spatial distribution and the lateral movement of leaking pollutants from the underway activities. Cultivation activities were found feasible up to 80 km away from the lake border where salinity does not exceed 2000 ppm. Yet, a protection strip of not less than 4.8, 6.0, and 7.2 km according to the lake operating condition is inevitable to ensure that pollutants do not intrude into the lake. These findings will assist the decision-makers in scheming environmental impact assessment criteria for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)