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The study was designed to analyze the quality of education between public and PEF School at elementary level in southern Punjab. Main objective of the study was: To identify standard of quality education between Public and PEF school: To compare the quality of education between Public and PEF school. This research was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The target population was 120 Public & PEF elementary schools in five districts (Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Multan, Rahim Yar Khan & Lodhran) of the southern Punjab. A sample size of 410 respondents was used over random sampling techniques. The results of study provide significant information in reaching the conclusion. The study concluded that Public & PEF schools also provides teacher training programs to enhance the skills of teachers. The training programs provided by public and PEF schools have helped the concerned teachers to improve their teaching techniques, resulting in the better learning experience for the students. Therefore, it is essential to continue evaluating their efforts to ensure that all children have access to quality education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that can lead to blindness if left untreated. Early detection is crucial to prevent vision loss, but current manual scanning methods are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized expertise. This study presents a novel approach to Glaucoma detection using the Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimized Support Vector Machine (EGWO-SVM) method. The proposed method involves preprocessing steps such as removing image noise using the adaptive median filter (AMF) and feature extraction using the previously processed speeded-up robust feature (SURF), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and Global features. The enhanced Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) technique is then employed with SVM for classification. To evaluate the proposed method, we used the online retinal images for glaucoma analysis (ORIGA) database, and it achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates of 94%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other current algorithms in detecting the presence or absence of Glaucoma. This study provides a novel and effective approach to Glaucoma detection that can potentially improve the detection process and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: The importance of L-lysine as an essential amino acid in the nutrition of human beings has made it desirable supplement of the diet in recent years. It can be produced in different ways among them fermentation is the most economical and practical means of producing lysine. In this method low temperature, low pressure and low-cost carbon sources are used and a biological form of lysine (L-lysine) is produced. Methods: In the present study, the production of L-lysine was achieved through fermentation developed from locally isolated bacterial strains. In total, twenty- nine (29) bacterial strains were isolated and tested using paper chromatographic technique. Six different parameters for optimization were scrutinized for improved bacterial growth and significant yield of lysine was obtained using selected strains. Results: For Streptococcus sp. molasses media with vitamins (w) formed 24.4 g/L, 40°C generated 24.4 g/L, addition of 1 mM solution of metal ion (mg) yielded 20.4 g/L, pH 6.5 delivered 6 g/L, fermentation period of 96 hours engendered 24.4 g/L, and 0.3 mL of inoculum results in 9.2 g/L of lysine. Conclusion: Laboratory scale production of L-lysine was carried out using 1 L Erlenmeyer flask. For Streptococcus sp. 23.4 g/L of lysine was produced after optimized conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]