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Calamagrostis nandadeviensis, a new species of Calamagrostis (Poaceae: Agrostidinae) from India (Valley of Flowers National Park of Uttarakhand and Rohtang Pass of Himachal Pradesh) is described and illustrated. C. nandadeviensis is morphologically allied to C. lahulensis and C. scabrescens but differs from them in having deeply bifid palea and fused lodicules. Data on distribution, habitat, biotic association are presented along with an illustration and comparative photo plate.

The unresolved name Calamagrostis vinealis Steudel (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is lectotypified and its taxonomic identity is discussed based on the discovery of Baumgarten’s collection at the P herbarium (P02142817), based on which this name was assigned. This collection appears to be a mixed gathering of Calamagrostis epigejos (left-hand specimen) and C. arundinacea (right-hand specimen). Here, the left-hand specimen is designated and labeled as lectotype of the name Calamagrostis vinealis, and in consequence, C. vinealis is a later heterotypic synonym of C. epigejos.

Calamagrostis hongii, a new species of Calamagrostis (Poaceae) from southwestern China (S Chongqing, W Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan), is here described and illustrated. It is similar to C. arundinacea and C. effusiflora in spikelet traits, but can be distinguished by its moderately or densely scabrous upper leaf surface with ribs covered by short, stiff, prickle hairs, and glabrous leaf sheaths, blades and collars. Nomenclature Deyeuxia zhongdianensis lacks Latin description or diagnosis and is an unavailable nomen nudum (naked name).

The grass Agrostis meyenii Trin. (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is newly recorded from Peru and is found in high-Andean puna grasslands of the departments of Ancash, Ayacucho, and Huánuco, marking the northernmost known limit of this species. A revised species description, images, taxonomic notes, and a key are also presented to differentiate A. meyenii from similar species in Peru with congested, spike-like panicles and absent or reduced (measuring less than ½ the length of the lemma) paleas (i.e., A. breviculmis Hitchc., A. foliata Hook.f., and A. tolucensis Kunth).

Agrostis laegaardii A. M. Molina & Rúgolo (Poaceae), a new species restricted to the high páramos from Colombia and Ecuador, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to A. breviculmis Hitchc. but differs in spikelet length, pedicel apex, glume texture, relative distance between upper glume and floret, lemma and palea length, and the presence of an awn on the lemma. Micromorphology of the spikelet is discussed, and a Trichodium net is reported on the epidermis of the lemma. A distribution map and a key to the Colombian and Ecuadorean species of Agrostis L. with contracted inflorescences are provided. Fil: Palacio, Patricia Candela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Botánica General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Molina, Ana M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina Fil: Rúgolo, Zulma Esther. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina Fil: Vega, Andrea Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Cátedra de Botánica General; Argentina

Gastridium P. Beauv. is a Mediterranean-Paleotropical member of the Poaceae family, whose species number and diversity are still imperfectly known. We examined patterns of DNA diversity at two plas...

New taxonomic and distributional data are provided for three eastern Asian species of Calamagrostis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) in Vietnam: C. abnormis (Hook. f.) Shukla, C. extremiorientalis (Tzvel.) Prob. and C. tripilifera Hook. f. The new national record of C. extremiorientalis is reported here for Vietnam, where it was previously misidentified as C. elatior (Griseb.) A. Camus or Deyeuxia petelotii Hitchc. (= C. abnormis). The presence of C. tripilifera and C. abnormis in Vietnam is confirmed. Additional new provincial records of C. extremiorientalis from Japan’s Bonin Islands (also known as the Ogasawara Islands) and C. tripilifera from Daba Mountains in the northern Chongqing Municipality (Central China) are reported here. A key for identification of Calamagrostis species in Vietnam, nomenclatural data and information about geographical, altitudinal and habitat distributions are provided. Maps showing their complete distribution in eastern Asia are presented.

Calamagrostis abnormis, a Sino-Himalayan species, is reported with new distribution records in southern Sichuan and southeastern Xizang, China. The species was previously recorded to be distributed in Yunnan and western Guizhou in China, Nepal, Bhutan, India, and Northwest Vietnam. The general distribution map of C. abnormis is presented.

Podagrostis colombiana sp. nov. (Poaceae: Poeae: Agrostidinae), is described and illustrated from high-elevation paramo of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. This endemic species constitutes a new genus record for Colombia and is only the second species of Podagrostis to be described from the Neotropics. It can be distinguished from all other species of Podagrostis in having leaf blades 6 – 15 cm long that are involute and acicular, plants that form small tussocks, spikelets 2.8 – 4 mm long, 3-veined upper glumes with well-developed lateral veins, and anthers c. 1.5 mm long.

The first confirmed records of Agrostis scabra Willd. are reported from a northeastern Chinese province, Jilin. This extends the native range of the species into China. The recent Flora of China does not include A. scabra. The detailed morphological characters, diagnostic comparisons and habitat are presented, along with a distribution map of A. scabra in East and Northeast Asia.

Deyeuxia nyingchiensis is here recombined as Calamagrostis nyingchiensis comb. nov. as a result of recent studies of worldwide Agrostidinae. A new record of C. nyingchiensis is reported from Shangri-la (Zhongdian) County in Yunnan Province, SW China. Previously, C. nyingchiensis was noted from eastern Xizang and southern Sichuan, SW China. It is compared with the morphologically similar species C. scabrescens. A map with all known geographic records of C. nyingchiensis is presented.

As a result of recent studies of worldwide Agrostidinae, Deyeuxia gaoligongensis Paszko, D. himalaica Liou ex W. L. Chen and D. sorengii Paszko & W. L. Chen are here recombined as Calamagrostis gaoligongensis comb. nov., C. himalaica comb. nov. and C. sorengii comb. nov., respectively, and the first record of the Sino-Himalayan species C. himalaica from Yunnan Province, southwestern China, is reported. Calamagrostis himalaica occurs primarily in southeast Xizang, southwestern China, with a single locality recorded recently in Kachin State, Myanmar (Burma). A map with all known geographic records of C. himalaica and an image of the newly identified specimen are presented.

Deyeuxia sorengii B. Paszko & W. L. Chen, a new species of Deyeuxia from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to D. zangxiensis P. C. Kuo & S. L. Lu, but differs from it by having a well-developed and conspicuously hairy rachilla prolongation and a straight awn. Deyeuxia sorengii occurs in alpine meadows of central Xizang and central Qinghai. The first records of Deyeuxia zangxiensis are reported from western and eastern Xinjiang and northeastern Qinghai (China).

A new species of the New Zealand endemic grass Simplicia, Simplicia felix is described. The new species is segregated from and compared with Simplicia buchananii and Simplicia laxa. Simplicia felix occurs mostly in lightly shaded areas of seasonally dry alluvial forest. A distribution map and an assessment of the conservation status of the new species are presented. Genetic variation in the genus was examined, building on previously published work but including additional sampling. Analysis of nrDNA ITS and ETS and plastid trnL intron and trnL–F intergenic spacer sequences show Simplicia felix to be more closely related to Simplicia laxa than to Simplicia buchananii. NeighborNet analyses of AFLP profiles for the three species of Simplicia show each to consist of distinct clusters of genotypes well separated from each other.

Agrostis pendryi, a new species from Nepal and northwest India, is described and illustrated. This species is morphologically similar to A. pilosula and A. munroana, but differs from them by its shorter, weak and straight awn, and palea less than half the length of the lemma.

New data on the taxonomy and distribution of three Calamagrostis (including Euroasian Deyeuxia ) species ( C. kokonorica , C. macilenta , and C. salina ) in northwestern and northern China are discussed. Studies were undertaken on the morphological characters to establish relatedness or not of species, and identify characters of diagnostic importance. Chinese herbarium specimens of C. salina previously have been misidentified as Deyeuxia macilenta (= C. macilenta ). All available for study Chinese specimens referred to this species should be identified as C. salina . Calamagrostis salina significantly differs from C. kokonorica and C. macilenta by the palea length, relative lengths of palea and lemma, and anther length. Calamagrostis salina is confirmed for Xinjiang, and reported for the first time from Gansu, Nei Mongol and Qinghai. Calamagrostis kokonorica is confirmed for Gansu and Qinghai. The presence of C. macilenta in China is in need of further confirmation. A revised key for C. salina and related species are provided. The descriptions of all taxa are accompanied by information on their geographical distribution in China and adjacent countries.

Hooker’s name Calamagrostis munroana var. stricta (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is lectotypified by a specimen housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K). Pencil drawings on the Kew sheet and field labels on the CAL duplicate have provided clues to the identification of C. munroana var. stricta and to the collection locality.

A lectotype for Calamagrostis emodensis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is selected and other original material is revised.

A new name, Agrostis schischkini, is proposed to replace Agrostis trichantha(Schischk.) Tzvelev, a name blocked by A. trichantha Schrank.

Calamagrostis garhwalensis (Poaceae: Agrostidinae) described from northwestern India has been taxonomically controversial. The distinctiveness of this enigmatic and uncommon species is assessed and its taxonomic status partly clarified. Putative relationships among C. garhwalensis and its close relatives from northwestern India, such as C. emodensis, C. gamblei, C. stolizkai and the C. pseudophragmites complex are characterized with a morphometric analysis. The presence of rachilla extensions has been overstated as a diagnostic characteristic for C. garhwalensis. Specimens other than the type previously designated as C. garhwalensis belong in other species. New records of C. garhwalensis are reported from northwestern India and southwestern China.

Deyeuxia himalaica, one of the rarest of the species of Deyeuxia known from southeastern Xizang, has been recorded for the first time on Myanmar’s Irriwaddy Plateau. The species’ taxonomy is clarified and discussed, especially in relation to the similar D. scabrescens. An amended diagnosis and description are provided.

This paper presents a re-evaluation of the taxonomic and morphological relationships of Calamagrostis emodensis var. breviseta. Examination of morphological characters has shown that Calamagrostis emodensis var. breviseta was incorrectly linked with C. emodensis at the time of description, and indicates that it is conspecific with C. macrolepis. It is here reduced to a synonym of the latter species.

Agrostis griffithiana (Poaceae: Agrostidinae) is typified, fully described and illustrated, and its distribution in northeast India is elucidated. A new synonym is identified, its circumscription and taxonomy is clarified and discussed, especially in relation to the similar species A. pilosula and A. munroana.

The name Deyeuxia debilis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae), based on Calamagrostis debilis , is lectotypified by a specimen originating from India (Sikkim, Chola) in accordance with the original description and with the current use of the name by the majority of Indian and Chinese authors. The taxonomy of the species is clarified and discussed, especially in relation to the similar Deyeuxia moupinensis and D. gaoligongensis . An amended circumscription of D. debilis is given, together with an illustration of the spikelet and culm morphology. The distribution area of D. debilis includes India and China. The range of this species in China is extended as it is recorded for the first time from the Gaoligong Shan region of NW Yunnan, SW China. A key to distinguish D. debilis , D. gaoligongensis and D. moupinensis is provided.

Deyeuxia gaoligongensis, a new species from the Gaoligong Shan region of NW Yunnan, SW China, is described and illustrated. The new grass is morphologically similar to D. debilis, but differs from the latter by its well-developed lemma awn that is twisted at the base, geniculate, and inserted on the lower half of the back of the lemma.