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An effective government agropolicy should be balanced: To reduce the state budget pressure, it is important to reduce public spending and encourage farmers to use agricultural loans. Reducing public spending should not lead to a shortage in the agricultural market. The paper aims to substantiate the directions of government agropolicy transformation based on the optimal ratio of public expenditures and loans in the agrosector and the dependence of agroproduction dynamics on state financing. The research base is data from 10 countries with different income levels (World Bank), presented in FAOSTAT for 2004–2021. For each country, the optimal (determined by the structural modeling method) and actual proportions between state financing and lending in the agrosector are compared, adjusted for the agroproduction index. The modeling showed that the share of public funds should increase in Germany, Israel, Italy, and the UK and decrease in Azerbaijan and Georgia; the current proportion is optimal in the USA, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Based on a panel regression model with fixed effects, the influence of the actual level of state agrofinancing on the FAO Production Indices of the main types of agroproducts was determined. It is the largest for crops, meat, and milk (a decrease in state funding by USD 1 million threatens to reduce the respective indices by 4.5, 3.47, and 3.79 points), medium for cereals and sugar crops (according to points 2.69 and 2.11), and the smallest for livestock and non-food products (by 1.53 and 0.001 points, respectively).

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the current state of linseed production in Ukraine and across regions. Attention is focused on the fact that linseed oil is currently a valuable food and medicinal product. A wide range of finished products based on flax (oil, cake, seeds) is in stable demand among the population in the domestic market. The technological and economic advantages of oil flax are summarized. The purpose of the article is to investigate the current state of flax production in Ukraine and summarize the prospects of its cultivation through the prism of the advantages of ready-made products from flax seeds. Research methodology. Scientific generalization, classification, comparison, scientific abstraction, systematic and complex analysis. Research results. The current state of oil flax production in Ukraine is analyzed and the prospects of its cultivation are summarized due to the technological and economic advantages of oil flax. Elements of scientific novelty. It is substantiated that the development of oil flax production in Ukraine can be based on the seeds of domestic selection, and the potential for increasing volumes is concentrated in increasing the area in households and increasing productivity. The technological and economic advantages of flax as a promising crop on the agricultural market of Ukraine have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Determination of the optimum product components that would provide all actors is essential for agricultural products. Examining the most desired product characteristics for potatoes within the domestic market to contribute welfare and sustainability of a market-oriented agricultural production is of great importance for producers, intermediaries, and the community. In the present study, 3072 cross-sectional data acquired from consumers via face-to-face survey was used to determine optimum potato characteristics utilizing a multivariate Conjoint Analysis. It was found that potato has been consumed in fresh form in the domestic market. The factors affecting purchasing decision appeared to be 22.20% price, 20.22% sales point, 15.07% crust type, 22.13% crust color, and 13.23% view and package. The optimum product component scenario with a maximum utility value of 2.990 for the consumer at the community level was composed of the sales channels: local street market, price level: low (suitable), crust type: thin, crust color: yellow, view and product supply: 3 kg net, and scaling, and service: necessary. With the optimum product component set developed in the study, a marketoriented production model was determined for potatoes. Directing production within the determined scenario was considered a new way to assure sustainability of consumer and producer satisfaction and to solve market-related problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: the purpose of the article is to conduct an analysis of the legal aspects of the creation and operation of agrarian holdings, taking into account the need to ensure food security of Ukraine and guarantee the constitutional right of everyone to a sufficient standard of living in conditions of martial law. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, such methods of scientific knowledge were used: comparative-legal, systemic-structural, analysis and synthesis, historical method. Results. In the process of the research, the definition of an agricultural holding in the structure of agrarian legal relations in Ukraine was substantiated as an association of enterprises in the agrarian sphere with the aim of ensuring a closed cycle of production, processing, storage and/or sale of agricultural products with the use of large land plots mainly on lease rights, which is carried out under by the principle of subordination of corporate (subsidiary) enterprises to the holding (parent) company, has at least two participants (the holding (parent) company and the corporate (subsidiary) enterprise), and in which the holding (parent) company owns, uses and disposes of holding corporate blocks of shares ( shares) of two or more corporate enterprises, on the condition that the indicated block of shares exceeds 50% or amounts to an amount that ensures the right to decisive influence on the economic activity of the corporate (subsidiary) enterprise. Originality. In the process of analyzing the activities of agricultural holdings under martial law, it is substantiated that agricultural holdings in Ukraine, together with other subjects of the agrarian market, are in difficult conditions of conducting agribusiness in the conditions of armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, while their access to land plots, financial resources, foreign investment and international aid programs is complicated. Therefore, in the post-war period, agricultural holdings may lose their dominant positions on the agricultural market of Ukraine and undergo reorganization. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in the research field - for the further development of the problems of legislative regulation of the creation and operation of agricultural holdings in Ukraine, as well as in the rule-making work - in the preparation of projects of normative and legal acts aimed at improving the legislative regulation of the functioning of agricultural holdings in the agricultural market of Ukraine.

The purpose of the article is to provide a detailed analysis of the characteristics of agricultural market regulation in the context of ensuring food security at the regional and global levels at the present stage, given the urgency of global and regional issues related to food security. The article analyses the peculiarities of agricultural market regulation in the context of food security. The agricultural market is the main area that includes agricultural producers, consumers and the links between them, which makes it possible to ensure adequate access to food. The object of research is the agricultural market as a component of the state economy. The subject of the study is the theory of agricultural market regulation as a component of food security. The research is based on the scientific works of Ukrainian authors aimed at studying certain issues of the chosen topic. The article clarifies the main scientific approaches to the definition of the agrarian market. It also identifies the structural features of the agrarian market and clarifies the main functions of the agrarian market as a component of the state economy. The role of the agrarian market in the context of food security regulation is defined. The authors also identify the need for state regulation of the agrarian market. In the course of the work, the main features of the state regulation of the agrarian market were clarified and its main directions were identified. The paper also outlines the current problems of regulating the agricultural market in Ukraine under martial law. In addition, the publication identifies the peculiarities of international regulation of the agricultural market. On the basis of the results obtained, the authors have developed recommendations for improving the regulation of the agricultural market. The results of the study underline the importance of regulating the agricultural market as an integral factor in ensuring food security of the state and the world.

Abstract The formation of the Kazakh national agricultural market is complicated by a sharp decline in government assistance to the country's agricultural sector, a decrease in the effectiveness of its regulation, a violation of economic relations between market entities, a drop in effective demand of the population, the disintegration of the economic space of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, an increase in food imports. The presented study is aimed at considering the regulation of processes and the security of the grocery market and the support by the state of Kazakhstan for its own agro-industrial complex. The following research methods were applied in the study: analysis and synthesis of information, parsing of literature data on the subject of the study, and classification of information and data. The paper discussed the issues of regulating the development and safety of the food market and state aid for the agricultural industry of the republic. Local and international food security was thoroughly studied as a mechanism of national security. In addition, the basic principles were determined of guaranteed supply of the population with necessary foodstuffs at the national level, and food safety in a globalizing world, which has aroused special interest in the research on the competitiveness in the agricultural sector and its management system. The competitive ability of agricultural products from the perspective of economists is the ability to compete on price terms and quality parameters while ensuring steady growth in sales volumes in the internal and external markets. The agro-industrial complex is an important segment of diversification. This research is of practical value for scientists who work and conduct scientific activities in the fields of public catering, agriculture, and the food industry.

The governance of agricultural food safety issues is closely linked to social interests. To promote food safety supervision in the Chinese agricultural markets under the background of blockchain application, this paper develops a partnership comprising vendors, consumers, and the government. Using the theory of evolutionary game combined with the actual situation of China, the evolutionary process simulations of three participants prove that the tripartite subjects can realize a stable state under the specific relationship. Impact investigation results of typical influential factors indicate the following: (1) The behavior of vendors depends on the government's supervision and consumers' reporting attitude. Limiting the penalty amount for vendors to 66.7% of speculative gains can shorten the processing time for vendors to comply with the law. (2) Consumers play a vital role in food safety supervision of the agricultural market. The penalty for consumers should be limited to 1/3 of the reward amount. (3) The government's incentive-oriented and punishment-inhibited policies can promote blockchain technology in supervision. Punishment-inhibited and key influencing parameters can cooperate in obtaining the maximum regulatory benefits. The results of this study have certain reference values for promoting policy formulation and implementing blockchain technology in agricultural food safety supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the prospects for the development of antimonopoly policy concerning the regulation of the market of agricultural products. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to update the legal framework of Ukraine on antimonopoly regulation of agricultural product markets, considering the current challenges and international standards. The purpose of this study was to analyse the features of antimonopoly policy as a leading area of the economic policy of Ukraine, to analyse the features of antimonopoly policy in the field of agricultural product markets and to identify the prospects for their development. To fulfil the purpose, the following scientific methods were used: dialectic, analysis, formal-legal, comparative-legal. The result of the conducted study was the determination of the following measures to improve the antimonopoly regulation of agricultural product markets in Ukraine: to adopt the Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Association of Agricultural Producers” No. 8149, after finalizing it; to supplement the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of antimonopoly policy concerning the regulation of the market of agricultural products with a norm according to which the most vulnerable category of agricultural producers (small producers) will be able to unite to solve problems related to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine and response to wartime challenges; in the development of the project of such changes regarding the regulation of the relevant monopoly exceptions, to consider the available international practices. The practical significance of the present study is that the results can be used to develop draft laws on the antimonopoly regulation of agricultural product markets in Ukraine, as well as to prepare studies on the legal regulation of the antimonopoly policy of Ukraine.

Pesticides play a vital role in agriculture by controlling insect populations and increasing crop yields. However, their widespread and uncontrolled use poses significant risks to the environment and non-target organisms. This study aimed to investigate the presence of carbamate and organophosphate residues in vegetable samples collected from the agriculture Kalasin market. A total of 290 vegetable samples representing 29 different plant species were analyzed, including kale, carrots, coriander, parsley, morning glory, lemongrass, bell pepper, lettuce, gourds, tomatoes, collard flowers, thymes, cucumber, potatoes, bean sprouts, cowpea, small eggplant, luffa gourd, cowslip creeper, asparagus, corn, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, golden needle, mushroom, Chinese chives, canton celery, onion, and turnip. The results revealed that all samples were contaminated with carbamate and organophosphate residues. Notably, turnip, celery, corn, and onions had levels below 0.05 mg/kg. On the other hand, kale, carrots, coriander, parsley, morning glory, lemongrass, bell pepper, lettuce, gourd, tomatoes, collard flowers, thyme, cucumber, potato, bean sprouts, cowpea, small eggplant, luffa gourd, cowslip creeper, asparagus, ear mushroom, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, golden needle mushroom, Chinese chives, and canton exhibited residue levels exceeding 0.05 mg/kg. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring pesticide residues in vegetables and raise concerns about food safety associated with the use of carbamates and organophosphates in agriculture. It is imperative to implement measures to reduce pesticide usage, promote sustainable farming practices, and ensure the safety of agricultural products for consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the current state of the bioenergy industry in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the fact that such types of biomass as agricultural residues and energy plants have the greatest energy potential. It has been established that the bioenergy sector in Ukraine using oil crops has a significant potential for development due to the sources of raw materials, the use of production residues, and increasing the scope of application. It was determined that the state policy in the field of bioenergy needs improvement in the way of ensuring market impulses, regulation of customs policy and adoption of target programs for encouraging agricultural market entities to diversify production. The purpose of the article is to investigate the current state of the bioenergy industry of Ukraine and to identify prospects for the use of oil crops in it. Research methodology. Scientific generalization, system approach, classification, comparison, scientific abstraction, system and complex analysis Research results. Positions and calculations of domestic specialists in the bioenergy industry regarding the current state and prospects for the use of oil crops in it are systematized. Elements of scientific novelty. The justification that the development of the bioenergy industry should include a component based on oilseeds, as well as be based on taking into account the potential production and processing of oilseeds, has received further development. It has been established that oil crops in the bioenergy industry have two directions of use: oil - for the production of biodiesel; straw and husks - for the production of pellets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the research is that the study of small farms will form a system of agricultural entrepreneurship, which will be the main direction in the development of rural areas and will bring the local economy out of a certain depressed status. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical and practical aspects that will help to learn more about the definition of “small farms registered as natural persons-entrepreneurs of the 4th group”, determining the legal status of these small farms and analysis of practical implementation of this sector in Ukraine. The main methodological approaches that allow identifying the theoretical and practical content of the study topic are the theoretical approach, monographic method, formal-legal method, method of comparative analysis, functional methodological approach, method of economic analysis, deduction method, induction method, and hypothetical and systemic methods. As a result of the work on the study of small farms of Ukraine registered as natural persons-entrepreneurs of the 4th group, the mechanism of implementation of the farm in general was studied, the specific features of the study sector were analysed and a comparative analysis of the implementation of the farm sector in Ukraine and foreign countries was conducted. The identified theoretical and practical aspects of the study will help in conducting an analysis to determine the impact of features that arise during accounting and auditing on the development and decline of the small farm sector of Ukraine, which are directly registered as a natural person-entrepreneur of the 4th group

The purpose of the article is to study the modern trends in the development of agricultural enterprises and the factors influencing the increase of competitiveness of their activities in modern economic conditions. Methodology. One of the main elements of the methodology of conducting researches on competitiveness of business entities are evaluation methods. The work also used such research methods as: comparison, balance, graphic, economic-mathematical and other methods of economic reasoning, as well as systematization and generalization (to develop recommendations and proposals for the formation of an organizational and economic mechanism in the conditions of a turbulent environment), economic-statistical, structural-logical and analytical (to develop methods and indicators for ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises), graphic (to present the dynamics of indicators and also for the best perception of information on sustainable development). The results of the work show that the paradigm of competitiveness management of enterprises is currently being formed around the issue of competition for the future, the impact of globalization trends and ensuring successful functioning in the strategic perspective in accordance with the established goals, which requires the formation of new strategic thinking in the management system at the macro and micro levels. Practical implications. Development of any strategy requires justification of goals and objectives, application of acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in making strategic management decisions. Therefore, the formation of a strategy for the development of an agricultural enterprise should begin with an analysis of the external and internal environment. Determining the strategic prospects for the development of an agricultural enterprise should be based on an analysis of changes occurring in the external environment, an assessment of the strategic positions of the enterprise, its strengths and weaknesses. Value / originality. Based on the specifics of their operating environment, it is advisable for agricultural enterprises to focus on achieving competitive advantages associated with lower costs. Such a competitive strategy includes cost optimization at the level necessary to fully meet production needs and continuous cost control. In addition, production cooperation plays an important role in managing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises.

The growing demand for raw materials for the production of biofuels may lead to an increase in the prices of these raw materials and, due to the shortage of land, to an increase in the prices of other crops. This is due to the fact that the growing demand for raw materials for the production of methyl esters and bioethanol (the most widely used biofuels), such as rape and corn, is a form of competition on the food and feed markets. It should be mentioned that although the topic is not new, it is still very relevant, taking into account the expansion of energy crops, as well as national, European and world energy policy. Especially due to the fact that, as has already been mentioned, the use of plant products for the production of biofuels has an impact on the regulations of the food market.This study is to analyze the volatility and dependence of ethanol, biodiesel, maize and rapeseed prices in the period of 2016-2019 and aims at assessing the correlation between the agricultural and biofuel markets. In this paper, the investigation regarding co-integration of biofuel and agricultural commodity prices has utilized ethanol and commodity prices with the use of the vector error correction model (VECM). Price dependencies between the prices of biodiesel, rapeseed, maize and ethanol were found, indicating the existence of long-term causality in at least one direction between the analyzed prices. The results indicated that biodiesel prices during the period in question were influenced by the previous week’s prices of biofuel and rapeseed. Moreover, biodiesel prices had an impact on the level of ethanol and rapeseed prices. In the case of rapeseed, the correlation between its prices and those of corn is also noticeable, while prices of corn may also affect prices of ethanol.

The growing demand for raw materials for the production of biofuels may lead to an increase in the prices of these raw materials and, due to the shortage of land, to an increase in the prices of other crops. This is due to the fact that the growing demand for raw materials for the production of methyl esters and bioethanol (the most widely used biofuels), such as rape and corn, is a form of competition on the food and feed markets. It should be mentioned that although the topic is not new, it is still very relevant, taking into account the expansion of energy crops, as well as national, European and world energy policy. Especially due to the fact that, as has already been mentioned, the use of plant products for the production of biofuels has an impact on the regulations of the food market. This study is to analyze the volatility and dependence of ethanol, biodiesel, maize and rapeseed prices in the period of 2016-2019 and aims at assessing the correlation between the agricultural and biofuel markets. In this paper, the investigation regarding co-integration of biofuel and agricultural commodity prices has utilized ethanol and commodity prices with the use of the vector error correction model (VECM). Price dependencies between the prices of biodiesel, rapeseed, maize and ethanol were found, indicating the existence of long-term causality in at least one direction between the analyzed prices. The results indicated that biodiesel prices during the period in question were influenced by the previous week's prices of biofuel and rapeseed. Moreover, biodiesel prices had an impact on the level of ethanol and rapeseed prices. In the case of rapeseed, the correlation between its prices and those of corn is also noticeable, while prices of corn may also affect prices of ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ecuadorian banana has been recognized at the global level for its quality and quantity produced, being one of the main products that the agricultural industry of this nation has contributed, for this reason, the aim of this research was to propose strategies to improve the international competitiveness of the banana sector in Colombia based on the example of Ecuador, considering that both countries share similar cultivation conditions, but differentiated processes with structures competitiviwith structures focused on regulation and quality. The methodology used was of a qualitative type, with a documentary method and with a descriptive and propositional scope, as it proposes, under the use of systemic competitiveness, strategies to position the Colombian banana in the international market. As a main result, its acted upon from the micro level of competitiveness through actions focused on new technologies, labor, international markets, and production processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The performance of the agricultural market has the significant impact on maintaining the food secu-rity within the Republic of Kazakhstan. Therefore, the purpose of this research paper is to describe the current strategic position of the agricultural market of Kazakhstan. The research has value because its results may help the future researchers in defining the policies and recommendations for developing the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on the philosophy of epistemology because this paper is concerned whether the current strategic position of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan should be treated as the fact. Moreover, the presence of economic trends and links within the agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan would be evaluated through applying various scientific methods. The research results show that the gross output level in the agricul-tural sector of Kazakhstan in 2019 equals to 5151163 million tenge. Moreover, the following key success factors were found for the agricultural market in Kazakhstan: prices, innovation, creating trust with the consumers. The internal market analysis showed the following results: new entrant threat was medium, the supplier power was low, the power of buyers was medium, the substitution threat was high and the rivalry was high. It was worth noting that employees and shareholders were the most powerful stakehold-ers in the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan.

The article provides an overview of the main contents of a brand new textbook on agricultural economics and evaluates them in the context of economic theories and concepts as well as against the background of agricultural developments. In addition, the second part of the article presents an outstanding contribution of the author of the textbook to agricultural research and teaching is presented.

Recently, the agricultural business is displayed a greater amount of risk because of price volatility growth. Consequently, it is necessary to have knowledge of how to regulate the risk of price fluctuations. This paper is concerned with the hedging techniques in the commodity market by the help of vanilla options. The main idea is to analyze option strategies with the ambition to demonstrate their utilization by hedging against increasing prices. Hedged buying price formulas are derived for every spot futures price. An additional contribution is considered for applying in the wheat trading. Chicago Mercantile Exchange products, i.e. wheat options on futures are investigated. The profitability of hedged scenarios is examined. A comparative analysis of the designed hedging variants is presented. Suggestions for potential wheat buyers are proposed.

The article analyses the current state, major product groups and foreign markets of Ukrainian agricultural products. In addition, the potential for development of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex are outlined. The aim of the article is to assess the current state of affairs, to determine the existing and hidden potential, the main trends and obstacles to the disclosure of the export potential of agricultural products in Ukraine. As a result, the main measures to eliminate obstacles to unleash the export potential of the Ukrainian agro-industrial complex are proposed. The findings of the study also prove that the agrarian sector remains an important part of the Ukrainian economy, providing a significant share of foreign exchange earnings. The main driver of growth in agricultural production in Ukraine remains an increase in crop yields due to precision farming, new hybrids, etc. It is stated that the opening of new markets and niches will allow Ukrainian agricultural exporters to consolidate their positions in the international arena.

El objetivo de la investigación consiste en diseñar una metodología de valoración de activos biológicos bajo NIIF para la correcta toma de decisiones en el sector ganadero del cantón Biblián. Fue de tipo descriptiva no experimental. Con la metodología propuesta se identificará el valor razonable después de la aplicación de la NIC 41, el cual determina una gran diferencia con el valor de un activo biológico definido en forma empírica; a través de la aplicación de la norma la inversión realizada es recuperada en menos tiempo que con un valor referente al precio del mercado local. las empresas ganaderas o ganaderos deben realizar un tratamiento contable basados en la NIC 41, ya que les permitirá tomar decisiones acertadas a partir de la disponibilidad de información financiera que refleje el registro de la actividad de transformación de sus activos biológicos.

The subject of research is theoretical, methodical and practical aspects of increasing the agricultural enterprises competitiveness with the use of marketing tools and forecasting the agricultural market dynamics. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the directions of increasing the agricultural enterprises competitiveness on the basis of compliance with the demand and consumers wishes; formation of the positive image of products producers; active creative advertisement and goods branding; safety and quality of products; forecasting the agricultural markets dynamics. Method or methodology for conducting research. Both general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition have become the methodological basis of the article. In the process of writing the article the following methods were used: dialectical, economic comparisons and generalizations, grouping, graphical, system and structural analysis and synthesis. Results of work. The article investigates thoroughly the main direction of competitive advantages formation for agrarian enterprises - ensuring their reputation and establishing the close and sustainable relations with consumers. It is about products branding, advertising, image of commodity producers, as well as monitoring of competitiveness and agrarian markets dynamics. The field of application of results. The results and conclusions can be used for training specialists in economics, management and marketing in institutions of higher education; in managing the agricultural enterprises; in rural communities. Conclusions according to the article. As a result of assessing the products competitiveness the decisions on ways of its increase can be made: changing the composition, structure of resources used (raw materials, semi-finished products); changing the order of products creation; changing the quality control system for production, storage, packaging, transportation; changing the prices for products, services and logistics; changing the order of products sales on the market; changing the structure and amount of investments in the development, production and marketing of products. The strategy of improving the quality of products is an essential part of the strategy of agri-food sector enterprises. The objects of forecasting are the quality indicators for goods, which are inferior to those of competitors.

Copyright of Economic Annals-XXI / Ekonomìčnij Časopis-XXI is the property of Institute of Society Transformation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: The bioaccumulation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), known as dioxins, in fatty meat is one of primary pathways of entry into the human body, but levels of human exposure to dioxins in fatty meat subject to global trade are unknown. We show high dioxin estimated dietary intake (EDI) via pork consumption in Europe, the United States, and China, owing to stronger dioxin environmental contamination and high pork consumption in these countries. The dioxin risk transfer embodied in pork trade is mostly significant in high-latitude countries and regions of Canada, Russia, and Greenland because these regions with low dioxin environmental levels import large amounts of pork meat from more severely dioxin-contaminated Europe and the United States. We demonstrate that global pig feed trading decreases the exposure of pork consumers to dioxins via the import of feed from countries with low dioxin environmental contamination by pig breeding countries.

Agricultural infrastructure has the potential to transform subsistence farming into commercial and dynamic farming system. Adequate markets, roads, irrigation, extension services, credit facilities, storage etc. facilitate lowering of farming costs and increase in farm income. The study, carried out during 2017-20 at ICAR-NIAP, presents methodology for measuring adequacy status of rural infrastructure and its categorisation into five classes using a case study of Bundelkhand region.The results show that there is ample scope for agricultural productivity enhancement in Bundelkhand by focussing on agricultural markets, credit institutions, roads, agricultural extension and storage infrastructure.The proposed methodology can be replicated for other regions, states and districts.

According to India's Economic Survey 2020-21, the agricultural sector still employs 48.6% of the country's population while contributing only 14.4% of GDP. Agriculture is still plagued by problems after 70 years of independence, but agricultural marketing is at the top of the list of problems. Agricultural marketing is a multi-step process that begins with the decision to produce a marketable farm item and encompasses all parts of the market structure or system. It includes pre- and post-harvest procedures such as assembling, grading, storage, transportation, and distribution, and is based on technical and economic considerations. Agriculture marketing is a crucial component in promoting & sustaining agricultural production & productivity. APMC markets should integrate into the national market to get a desirable outcome for farmers as well as consumers. This research paper test the applicability of APMC act, 2002 in the agricultural market in India. The applicability of competition legislation in the agricultural sector is examined in this study. It is preferable to gain a basic awareness of the Competition Act of 2002, as well as the role and function of the Competition Commission of India (CCI). Every individual has the chance to succeed on a level playing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Prawa Rolnego is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Relevance. In many ways, a successful purchase and sale transaction is determined by the time it takes to complete it. The search for the best deal time is linked to the optimization of the time lag. The purpose of the study is to optimize the time lag of the agricultural market.Methods. This article considered a role of time in business processes for Russian potato market of producer into period 1998-2018.Results. There was trend of annual reduction about 365 thousand tons (1.2...1.7% of total) per year supply of potatoes on Russian domestic market of producers. Some priority of quantity vs price of producer been revealed. There was inverse proportional function between producers` prices and quantity of potatoes. That is than worse harvest that higher producer`s price. Reducing a supply of potatoes 1 million tons from agricultural market perhaps increase in producer prices by $ 8.5 / t (4...5% on average). Offered concept and hypothesis about linearization of equilibrium of market processes into conditions of time shifts of dynamics their parameters were confirmed. There verified assumption about existence of inter-interval time optimum which this linearization maximal business processes. In course of correlation analysis of dynamics of annual indicators of potato market, it revealed month May of current period as optimal time of producer's offers with price restrictions and diminishing returns, and month September with quantity restrictions and increasing returns. If fixation of producer`s prices situation of deals May more likely, in case of crop failure (limited quantity) in September.

In the article analyzes the development of the domestic stock market. It is substantiated that crop futures are a derivative financial instrument on the stock exchange, which provides for the obligation of its seller or buyer to periodically transfer sums of money to the opposite party depending on changes in the market price of grain, and (or) the obligation delivery of grain on time. It is determined that only under the conditions of joint efforts on the part of the state, the exchange community, participants of the agrarian market that will allow bringing the exchange commodity market closer to civilized bases.