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BACKGROUND: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). METHODS: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. RESULTS: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal sentinel surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The consortiums aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. FUNDING: No specific funding was awarded for this meta-analysis. Coordinators were supported by fellowships from the European Union (ZAD received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 845681), the Wellcome Trust (SB, Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (DJI is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant [GNT1195210]).

The article examines the state of environmental education in general and innovative technologies for the formation of environmental competence of high school students in the educational system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of our own research on environmental education and the results obtained after the application of innovative technologies for the formation of environmental competence of high school students are presented: discussion of the results of the questionnaire before and after the elective course entitled "Ecology and sustainable development". The results of the survey showed that conducting an elective course using innovative technologies in environmental education is the most useful, convenient and necessary method of forming environmental competence of high school students of secondary schools. Based on the results of the survey, it was possible to determine which topic should be emphasized when drawing up the elective course program and on which topics innovative technologies such as the use of ICT, group design and research work, group work, promotions, as well as what knowledge, skills and abilities should be given when conducting a course on ecology. And the results of the questionnaire on the topic of "Rational nutrition" made it clear that the ignorance of students on the topic of proper nutrition that it is necessary to include this topic in the elective course program, and at the same time to focus on human health with frequent eating of quickly prepared food.

Los costos de delitos pasan desapercibidos por no ser denunciados ante los órganos de seguridad; sin embargo, los gobiernos invierten recursos en seguridad y salud con la finalidad de reducir los índices delictivos. En esta investigación se establece una aproximación sobre cuánto invierte el Estado ecuatoriano por cada habitante con el objetivo de mejorar su calidad de vida y minimizar los delitos, a la vez identificar cuáles son los elementos que conforman esta inversión y determinar la perdida causada por cada muerte por actos delictivos en el país. La investigación fue de tipo cuali-cuantitativo a través de una metodología descriptiva, para explicar los datos recopilados desde una revisión documental. Los resultados presentaron un costo de inversión por habitante, que permitió establecer los elementos que conforman la inversión del Estado: Salud, educación, defensa, bienestar social y asuntos internos, distribuir la inversión realizada en cada elemento por habitante y establecer el costo de los delitos en los últimos 13 años según el número de víctimas fallecidas a casusa de actos delictivos. Se concluye que existe una relación directa entre la asignación de inversión de cada periodo y el crecimiento de la población, además que el número de muertes se ha incrementado considerablemente. Costos de la delincuencia, inversión en seguridad, víctimas, delitos, género

La investigación tiene como finalidad, describir la gestión de costos en los sectores productivos banano y camarón de la provincia de El Oro. El estudio tiene enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, basándose en teorías obtenidas de revistas científicas, se identificó domicilio fiscal en organismos de control, vigencia de las empresas, se generó y aplicó la encuesta a los actores productivos de 44 empresas bananeras y 36 empresas camaroneras, alcanzando un total de 80 empresas. Las respuestas se sometieron al sistema estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 24.0. Los resultados denotan que las empresas bananeras y camaroneras utilizan como mecanismo el manual de funciones en la proporción del 50% para distribuir recursos. El 62,9% de empresas bananeras consideran la planificación; mientras que el 51,20% de empresas camaroneras utilizan un sistema de costos para distribuir recursos. En reportes semanales, las empresas bananeras representan el 71%, y reportes diarios las empresas camaroneras representan el 60,7%. Al mantener las empresas características propias, el directivo debería contar con un sistema de gestión moderno, que garantice información y emisión de informes sobre el uso racional de los recursos. Se concluye que de acuerdo con la diversidad de actividades productivas que ejercen las empresas estudiadas, tienen procedimientos empíricos que les limita innovar, ejercer control en sus procesos, carecen de tecnológicos para controlar el uso de los recursos y generar información eficaz; siendo que la gestión de costos se presenta de forma parcial en las empresas de estos sectores productivos.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global health problem and a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases. The bidirectional interactions between liver and gut made dysbiotic gut microbiome one of the key risk factors for NAFLD. In this study, we reported an increased abundance of Collinsella aerofaciens in the gut of obese and NASH patients living in India. We isolated C. aerofaciens from the fecal samples of biopsy-proven NASH patients and observed that their genome is enriched with carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and pro-inflammatory functions and have the potency to increase ethanol level in blood. An animal study indicated that mice supplemented with C. aerofaciens had increased levels of circulatory ethanol, high levels of hepatic hydroxyproline, triglyceride, and inflammation in the liver. The present findings indicate that perturbation in the gut microbiome composition is a key risk factor for NAFLD.

Introduction. The paper investigates interactions between memory projects — both all-Russia ones and those implemented in regions bordering Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the unfolding narratives underlying annual commemoration ceremonies in Orenburg and Volgograd oblasts for Yestekbay Batyr (hero of war against Dzungars) and for soldiers/officers who participated in the Great Patriotic War, military conflicts in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Special Military Operation in Ukraine. Goals. The work aims to describe memorial objects associated with individuals who performed exploits for the sake of their compatriots, and to analyze commemorative practices carried out by local communities. Results. The article focuses on activities of local Kazakh communities of Orenburg and Volgograd oblasts aimed at memorializing war heroes collected by our research group during field studies of places sacred to Kazakhs, summarizes the authors’ observations and stories recorded from informants. Acts of commemoration for warriors are somewhat re-readings or re-inclusions of the past into the present-day agenda. Such venerations articulate significant ethnic values, norms, and behavioral patterns. The work traces a certain trend towards ‘militarization of consciousness’ in commemorative practices associated with particularly revered places of memory relating to the Great Patriotic War — and in sacralizing names of soldiers/officers who have taken part in local military conflicts.

The advancement of low-cost GNSS receivers with modern built-up characteristics has opened a new window to investigate the performance of various low-cost receivers with an outlook on their performance and suitability for varied geodetic purposes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the positioning performance of single and double-frequency GNSS receivers in combination with geodetic antennas in static relative mode regarding Mexican regulations. The recorded observations were processed by a static relative method including the CORS station from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico (INEGI). The results of the survey conducted at a distance of 4 and 33 km from CORS station show similar accuracy for all low-cost receivers. For low-cost GNSS receivers NEO-M8T, NEO-6T, and ZED-F9P the solutions that were obtained reached mm in horizontal precision using a geodetic grade antenna. Similarly, the ZED-F9P model was proved at a long distance from the CORS station and presents high precision. Regarding the vertical component, in all cases where the GGM10 model was included, the vertical component is not allowed to use for topography or geodetic works, however, the horizontal component where mm precision was achieved is allowed for different highly precision survey works.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of two active methodologies on digital competences development using mobile devices. The first methodology is project-oriented learning (POL); the second one is case-based learning (CBL). The analyzed digital competences belong to the communication and collaboration area of framework DIGCOMP. Design/methodology/approach: This article shows the results of the quantitative stage with a design pre-experimental pre-test-post-test. A questionnaire was designed and applied to an intentional sample from two different courses. In total, 178 students completed the questionnaire in the pre-test, and after five months, 38 students completed the questionnaire in the post-test. Findings: The results show that students to whom POL was applied increase by 7% competence of interaction with mobile technology. The results also show that the students to whom CBL was applied to increase all four competencies (interaction +8%, share +6%, collaboration +5%, netiquette +4%). Research limitations/implications: Self-perception for the evaluation of digital competence and the short study time are limitations to generalize the results, so a longitudinal study is necessary and complemented with qualitative analysis, to present a better validation of the contribution of active methodologies to the development of digital competences. Originality/value: The rapid advance of technology and the results of various investigations make evident the need of digital competences development. The most common process is digital literacy through techno-functional training. However, these research results confirm that it is possible to promote these digital competences from a practical view and implicitly in active methodologies educational practices.

Background: The Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium was established to bring together the typhoid research community to aggregate and analyse Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Typhi) genomic data to inform public health action. This analysis, which marks 22 years since the publication of the first Typhi genome, represents the largest Typhi genome sequence collection to date (n=13,000). Methods: This is a meta-analysis of global genotype and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants extracted from previously sequenced genome data and analysed using consistent methods implemented in open analysis platforms GenoTyphi and Pathogenwatch. Results: Compared with previous global snapshots, the data highlight that genotype 4.3.1 (H58) has not spread beyond Asia and Eastern/Southern Africa; in other regions, distinct genotypes dominate and have independently evolved AMR. Data gaps remain in many parts of the world, and we show the potential of travel-associated sequences to provide informal ‘sentinel’ surveillance for such locations. The data indicate that ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility (>1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (≥3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has become dominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. Conclusions: The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. Funding: No specific funding was awarded for this meta-analysis. Coordinators were supported by fellowships from the European Union (ZAD received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 845681), the Wellcome Trust (SB, Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship), and the National Health and Medical Research Council (DJI is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant [GNT1195210]).

Background: Probing of the periodontal pocket is an essential part of the diagnosis of periodontal disease and 15-77% of untreated periodontal patients experience pain during probing. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the pain perceived by patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis during periodontal probing and the main objective includes the evaluation of the relationship between pain perceived during periodontal probing and gingival inflammatory parameters. Material and Methods: A total of 475 participants were recruited into the study. The patients were divided into two groups: Group-A (Gingivitis Group - 275 patients) and Group-B (Chronic Periodontitis Group - 200 patients). Clinical parameters included analysis of bleeding on probing, simplified gingival index, pocket depth on probing, and clinical attachment level. Pain score was recorded using the HP VAS scale and all patients participated in the study after a detailed explanation of the study protocol. Results: A significant difference in pain perception was noted between groups, highlighting the role of the degree of inflammation in the examination of periodontal parameters. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, we can conclude that pain perception is directly correlated with the degree of inflammation in periodontitis rather than plaque-induced gingivitis during periodontal probing. Therefore, some form of adjuvant topical anesthesia may be considered in order to reduce pain levels in severely inflamed patients, to encourage continued acceptance of supportive periodontal therapy.

Background: Probing of periodontal pockets is an essential part in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. Fifteen to seventy-seven percent of untreated periodontal patients experience pain during probing. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the pain perceived by patients with gingivitis and periodontitis during periodontal probing. The goals of this study were to compare the patients’ pain perception when using a conventional UNC15 probe and a manual pressure sensitive periodontal probe, and to relate the clinical features of gingivitis and periodontitis to the discomfort associated with periodontal probing. Material and Methods: A total of 475 subjects were recruited into the study. The subjects were initially divided into two groups – Group – A (Gingivitis group—275 patients) and Group – B (Chronic Periodontitis group -200 patients) according to the AAP 1999 Classification. These two groups were further subdivided into two groups each (Gingivitis – Conventional Probe – GCP, Gingivitis – Manual Pressure Sensitive Probe – GMPS, Periodontitis—Conventional Probe – PCP, Periodontitis – Manual Pressure Sensitive Probe – PMPS) using a computer generated program of random numbers. Results: A significant difference was noted in pain perception when pressure sensitive probe was used compared to conventional UNC-15 probe. Reduced Bleeding on Probing and Pain scores were noted in Chronic periodontitis subjects with use of pressure sensitive probe, which was statistically significant (p

The O139 Vibrio cholerae serogroup emerged in the 1990s and spread rapidly but did not become globally dominant. Here, the authors describe the genomic epidemiology of this strain and identify changes in virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics that they hypothesise may have contributed to its decline.

Paratyphoid fever caused by S. Paratyphi A is endemic in parts of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The proportion of enteric fever cases caused by S. Paratyphi A has substantially increased, yet only limited data is available on the population structure and genetic diversity of this serovar. We examined the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary trajectory of S. Paratyphi A isolates collected as part of the Indian enteric fever surveillance study "Surveillance of Enteric Fever in India (SEFI)." In the study period (2017-2020), S. Paratyphi A comprised 17.6% (441/2503) of total enteric fever cases in India, with the isolates highly susceptible to all the major antibiotics used for treatment except fluoroquinolones. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the global S. Paratyphi A collection into seven lineages (A-G), and the present study isolates were distributed in lineages A, C and F. Our analysis highlights that the genome degradation events and gene acquisitions or losses are key molecular events in the evolution of new S. Paratyphi A lineages/sub-lineages. A total of 10 hypothetically disrupted coding sequences (HDCS) or pseudogenes-forming mutations possibly associated with the emergence of lineages were identified. The pan-genome analysis identified the insertion of P2/PSP3 phage and acquisition of IncX1 plasmid during the selection in 2.3.2/2.3.3 and 1.2.2 genotypes, respectively. We have identified six characteristic missense mutations associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis genes of S. Paratyphi A, however, these mutations confer only a low structural impact and possibly have minimal impact on vaccine effectiveness. Since S. Paratyphi A is human-restricted, high levels of genetic drift are not expected unless these bacteria transmit to naive hosts. However, public-health investigation and monitoring by means of genomic surveillance would be constantly needed to avoid S. Paratyphi A serovar becoming a public health threat similar to the S. Typhi of today.

The main aim of the present study is to investigate the solar energy potential and evaluate the economic viability of a 5kW grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system as an electricity generation source in three selected regions (Gaborone, Maun, and Tshabong) in Botswana for the first time. In this study, NASA POWER data were used for evaluating the solar potential in the selected regions. The results showed that the selected locations are suitable for the installation of various scales of PV systems due to the high global horizontal solar radiation. RETScreen Expert software was used to assess the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed systems. The performance of the proposed systems with various PV technologies (mono-crystalline silicon and poly-crystalline silicon) is analyzed. Furthermore, economic and financial indicators such as net present value, annual life cycle savings, payback, benefit-cost ratio, and cost of energy production were calculated. The results indicate that the proposed system is very promising for all the selected locations. Additionally, it was found that the PV projects with poly-Si technology produced a large amount of energy and have a low electricity cost compared to mono-Si technology. The results suggest that grid-connected rooftop PV systems have a significant role in covering the electricity demand and in reducing carbon dioxide emissions, especially in high population density and rural regions. This study provides some useful recommendations for decision-makers regarding the development and deployment of PV energy technology in Botswana.

Abstract The present study aims to evaluate the effect of Romanov breed lamb gender on carcass traits and meat quality parameters, as well as on the formation of biogenic amines (BAs) and malondialdehyde during meat storage. Obtained results revealed that lamb gender had a significant influence on sternum/breastbone, ribs, right shoulder, and bones of the back leg. Significantly higher lightness (by 3%) was found for male meat; however, higher redness of female meat was observed (by 7.7%). In all cases, a lower pH was obtained for female meat. Significantly higher cooking loss (by 38%) was found for male meat. However, gender was not a significant factor in lamb meat proximate composition, or for BAs and cholesterol content. The gender of animals had a significant influence on 10‐heptadecenoic (C17:1), linoleic (C18:2n – 6), total polyunsaturated FA, and total trans isomers content in meat. A significantly higher concentration of malondialdehyde was found in female lamb meat (by 43.4% and 56.8% in fresh and after 3 months of storage at −18°C, respectively) compared to males. Finally, the obtained results supplement the scarce database about the characteristics of Romanov breed meat of different gender and this is beneficial for lamb breeders and meat industry in order to obtain a better quality production.

En el Ecuador la acuicultura se orienta significativamente en la actividad camaronera, históricamente esta ocupación ha venido ofreciendo grandes contribuciones para la economía ecuatoriana llegando a ocupar en los últimos años el primer lugar de exportación entre la producción no petrolera del país y debido a la trascendencia socio-económica, es importante proveer la información financiera oportuna, real y confiable a los productores camaroneros para la respectiva toma de decisiones. En este contexto es preciso conocer la aplicabilidad de la NIC 41, activo biológico en la contabilización de la cría de camarón en el proceso productivo, que por obligatoriedad en las actividades agropecuarias las empresas deben reflejar el cumplimiento de la misma en sus informes financieros. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de la aplicación NIC 41 en cultivos de ciclo corto como es la cría de camarón para fines comerciales. La metodología que se aplica en la presente investigación es descriptiva no experimental y, para determinar la contabilización que las empresas realizan en el proceso productivo se llevó a cabo una encuesta a especialistas y profesionales contables de las empresas productoras, donde se obtuvo información relacionada a la contabilización, permitiendo conocer que el 80% utilizan cuentas de resultados, así mismo se conoce que el 60% realiza el reconocimiento del activo biológico y el 6,7% realizan los registros activando los costos, el mecanismo aplicado demuestra ciertos inconvenientes en el reconocimiento y valoración del activo biológico , ya que la generalización de la norma dificulta el tratamiento contable, de manera especial del ciclo corto.

Background: The nature acts like a large “bio-laboratory” comprising plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc., which are composed of biomolecules. These naturally occurring biomolecules have been identified to play an active role in the formation of nanoparticles. Methods: This research work mainly aims to investigate the anti-oxidant (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl assay) and anti-cancer (Michigan cancer foundation-7 cell line) capacities of biologically prepared copper oxide mediated from the hydroalcoholic extract of Justicia glauca by simple precipitation and also to identify the phytochemicals in the extract by qualitatively. Results: On screening test, the extract shows the presence of carbohydrate, phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids saponins which are chiefly act as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in nanomaterial preparations. The medicinal plant Justicia glauca extract-mediated copper oxide materials were synthesized by lost cost, simple, effective, and eco-friendly precipitation method. The prepared copper nanomaterials were characterized by ultraviolet–visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The obtained spectral results reveal that the prepared particles were found to be elliptical flat shapes of copper oxide with the average size of 19.72 nm with 51.11% of copper and 48.89% of oxygen elements. Especially, on anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities the prepared Justicia glauca extract-mediated copper oxide revealed excellent potent while comparing the other green synthesized copper oxide particles. Conclusion: Overall results evidenced that the aqueous extract of Justicia glauca is a very good bioreductant for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles.

Background: Naturally occurring biomolecules from the plant extract have been identified to play an active role in the formation of any nanoparticles. Methods: This work aimed to synthesize the nano-sized zinc oxide material (zinc oxide nanoparticles [ZnONPs]) using the 70% ethanolic leaf extract of Basella alba by precipitation method and also studied the antibacterial activity of green-synthesized ZnONPs on infection-causing five bacteria. Synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by the aid of ultraviolet (UV)-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX). Results: Qualitative analysis and UV results of extract reveal the occurrence of some medicinally important phytomolecules such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and ascorbic acid. The spherical nature of ZnONPs was observed with an average crystalline size of 28.64 nm. EDAX analysis revealed the elemental compositions in the B. alba-mediated ZnONPs (BA-ZnONPs) which showed zinc in 70.04% and oxygen in 29.96%. BA-ZnONPs were tested against the bacteria (an infection causing) such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, which results that, against all the pathogens, ZnONPs showed noticeable inhibition effects compared with zinc acetate and B. alba extract. Especially against the E. coli, ZnONPs performed well with inhibitory effect and least on S. aureus. Conclusion: Antibacterial activities of BA-ZnONPs were studied which can act as the new antimicrobial-resistant agents.

This study explores the medicinal potential of Pergularia daemia, a perennial vine abundant along Indian roadsides, focusing on its leaves have diverse therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This research investigates its unexplored potential in application of drug delivery and the synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles from its leaves. PD mediated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitate method. The qualitative phyto chemical analysis of PD leaves extract was carried out and the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenols, flavanoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction Analysis and scanning electron microscope. The results from characterization suggest that the synthesized compound was ZnO in nano scale which was in oval shape and with high purity. The synthesized zinc oxide nano particle could be a huge application in medical field, pharmaceutical and biotechnology in near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La investigación se enfoca en analizar las narrativas transmedia al momento de informar sobre un terremoto desde un medio de comunicación digital nacional y un medio internacional; también se examina el impacto de la red social Facebook al difundir el acontecimiento. El objetivo es comparar el contenido generado a partir del terremoto del 16 de abril del 2016 en Ecuador mediante el uso de herramientas transmedia en los diarios El Comercio (Ecuador) y El País (España), y en la red social Facebook. Se pretende conocer el rol de la audiencia como prosumidores de información. La metodología aplicada fue mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa; la muestra analizada fue de 1126 piezas informativas del diario El Comercio, 44 del diario El País y 1155 menciones de Facebook. La necesidad de educar e informar a los ciudadanos sobre la prevención de las consecuencias de los desastres naturales y el tratamiento que dan los medios digitales de comunicación justifica el estudio. La importancia de contar con medidas de prevención hace de esta investigación un aporte para la ciudadanía. La narrativa periodística se fortalece en la variedad de recursos que permiten retratar una historia en diversos contextos; como se muestra en esta investigación, los recursos más utilizados siguen siendo la fotografía y el video.