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The essay starts from the first performance of Josephine Baker in 1928 Vienna, tracing Jewish-Black relations from the angle of both theater history and Austrian Studies. It aims to contextualize the internationalist solidarities between two marginalized groups and their artistic engagement for a heterogenous modernity in 1920s Europe. With a particular focus on Josephine Baker's revue in Vienna, the essay not only explores the respective experiences of oppression and marginalization but also analyzes how those experiences materialized through artistic and cultural-political practices. While revisiting Viennese modernism as a period of different notions of belonging, it also compiles evidence of how stage performances of Black and Jewish artists shaped their affiliations and how they reached in both directions across the Atlantic and into questions of social, cultural, and ethnic belonging within Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

References to Jews and to matters included in Jewish discourse are commonplace in US popular culture in general and in US-produced hip-hop lyrics in particular. This article deals with the latter, and aims to analyse how Jews are represented there. It is suggested here that 1. these representations are rendered comprehensible by analysing them in the light of the term coined by Zygmunt Bauman: allosemitism, which denotes that Jews are ‘other’. This article further suggests that 2. the representations of Jews featured in the lyrics cannot be made comprehensible without looking into the historical relations between American Jews and African Americans. According to Jeffrey Melnick, this relation is characterised by ‘robust ambivalences’. This article arrives at the conclusion that the representations of Jews draw on classical conspiratorial and economic antisemitic ideas that situate Jews within the realms of shadowy (economic and instrumental) power, but which at times can be understood as philosemitic, as Jews are represented as wealthy and influential role models. Hence the usage of the term allosemitism to analyse the empirics.

Building on the idea that immigrant merchants often operate in black consumer markets, this study tests the hypothesis that late nineteenth-century European immigrants’ highest odds of retail enterprise in the United States were in cities with the largest black populations. Regression analyses of census data show that the positive association between the odds of retail enterprise and percent black was strongest for men from European immigrant groups and especially strong for men of Polish and Russian ancestry, many of whom were Jewish immigrants. The analyses reveal that the association between the odds of retail enterprise and percent black was not significant for native white or black men. The findings accord with the proposition, derived from theories of middleman minorities and ethnic queuing, that immigrant retail entrepreneurship is most strongly associated with black population size for recently arrived immigrant groups that are often socially or spatially close to urban black communities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This essay examines "Jewish jazz"--attempts to combine "Jewish music" and jazz into a new genre--from the perspective of Jewish ethnic identity. The movement began with two albums in the early 1960s and then reemerged in a second wave in the 1990s. I analyze these musical forays as attempts to explore and expand modern American Jewish identity. Jewish jazz began tentatively, reflecting the assimilationist leanings of American Jews in the post-World War II era. As multiculturalism emerged in the late twentieth century, Jewish jazz became brasher in proclaiming its Jewishness. These performances sought to expand Jewish identity to fit a multicultural society, and sometimes black musicians stretched their identities as well by expanding into Jewish music. At its best, Jewish jazz reaffirmed Jewishness while revealing connections with African Americans, with whom Jews have shared a diasporic, urban American culture. Such assertion and expansion of identity encountered fierce resistance in a society that is still attached to rigid ethnic categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at lawyer Morris Berthold Abram's tenure as president of Brandeis University, from 1968 to 1970. Particular focus is given to the effects of campus radicalism and Black-Jewish relations on Abram's presidency and political views. Details on the occupation of the university's Ford Hall by Black student protesters and their allies are presented. According to the author, the conflict at Brandeis reflected a larger erosion of political relations between Blacks and Jews.

The article discusses the 1968 United Federation of Teachers (UFT) strike in New York City public schools in relation to the community control movement in New York City schools. Topics include UFT leader Albert Shanker's fears of anti-Semitism among New York City blacks who supported community control, educational innovations by black and Puerto Rican activists, and the impact of teacher professionalization on parent-teacher relations.

The article discusses the involvement of the Jewish community in Indianapolis, Indiana, during the U.S. Civil Rights movement of the mid-20th century. It describes the relationship between African American civil rights organizations, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and Jewish organizations in Indianapolis, particularly the Jewish Community Relations Council (JCRC). The article also examines Jewish participation in attempting to end school segregation and employment and housing discrimination in Indianapolis.

The article discusses Jewish humor in the context of the U.S. South, noting the film "Borat," starring Sacha Baron Cohen. Topics discussed include the relation of Jews and white Southerners in the television show "King of the Hill," the 1997 article "Jewish Texans Commemorate Holocaust... Texas Style" in the satirical newspaper "The Onion," and the ironic nature of the historic plight of the Jewish diaspora. The relation of Jewish Southerners to the racist Ku Klux Klan movement, racial divisions in U.S. society, and writings by Jewish anti-segregationist Harry Golden are noted.

This essay examines the personal relationship and professional collaboration between African American intellectual W. E. B. Du Bois andfoel Spingarn, the literary critic turned civil rights leader whom Du Bois labeled "my nearest white friend. "Drawing on Du Bois's autobiographical writings as well as archival sources, it traces the role that their friendship played in the preliminary decades of the NAACP, from their joint endeavors on behalf of the newly formed civil rights association in the 1910s through the 1930s, when Spingarn served as the organization's first Jewish president. In telling a story about an interracial friendship between an African American and a Jew, this essay explores how the ideal of American pluralism was forged, not simply in the contact zone between minorities and the dominant culture, but also in more complex encounters that took place on the margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of the Jewish community in racial tensions surrounding an 1898 election in the cities of Bern and Wilmington, North Carolina. Particular focus is given to local politicians S. H. Fishblate and Joseph Hahn. According to the author, the political and social attitudes of Jews in North Carolina varied but did not differ significantly from those of their white Christian neighbors. It is suggested that historians should be wary of ascribing individual Jews' actions, political beliefs, and motives to a single cultural consciousness. Other topics include racial identity, Jewish relations with African Americans, and essentialism.

The article discusses the anti-communist and socially conservative sentiments and actions of Clarksdale, Mississippi-based rabbi Benjamin Schultz. His contentious relationship with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which he saw as influenced by communism, is analyzed by the author. The author provides a general history of the development of Jewish conservatism in the U.S. and relates it to fears of an international communist conspiracy. Schultz's tenure as rabbi at various Jewish temples and synagogues is examined. The creation of the American Jewish League Against Communism (AJLAC), and Schultz's role in it, are described.

The article discusses the history of the Jewish New Orleans, Louisiana-based Herman family. Tied to this is an analysis of the perceived proliferation of American Jews in the legal profession in the U.S. The author is also concerned with the wider theme of the historic development of the Jewish community in New Orleans. The family's relationship to their furniture business is detailed, as is the Jewish community's relationship with African Americans. Antisemitism in New Orleans is also analyzed by the author. The cultural, ethnic, and religious identities of family members are outlined.

This article analyzes the short story "Fern," from the book "Cane" by Jean Toomer. It particularly focuses on identification between African Americans and Jews, commenting on the influence of Jewish intellectual Waldo Frank and his depiction of composer Leo Ornstein in the book "Our America." The author considers the racial hybridity of Toomer and his character Fern. He also reflects on depictions of suffering in the story.

The article discusses how the reactions of minority high school students to a screening of the motion picture "Schindler's List" caused a scandal and reflected relations between African Americans and Jews as well as cultural perceptions of appropriate behavior and the Jewish Holocaust. Students from Castlemont High School in Oakland, California were ejected from a theater for laughing at the depiction of violence against Jews in the film. The author notes the positive critical reception of the film and suggests it influenced the portrayal of the incident in mass media as an example of antisemitism. He notes comments by Nation of Islam leader Khalid Abdul Muhammad regarding the Holocaust Museum and how learning about the Holocaust lacked of relevance for African American students.

Intergroup dialogues are lauded as a way to increase understanding and reduce prejudice, but a limited amount of published research explores the effectiveness of these processes. This article examines the evaluation of a yearlong dialogue program for African American and Jewish high school students, considering both consistently found attitudinal changes and others that appear dependent on the nature and extent of relationships formed among dialogue participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the impact that Rabbi Burton Padoll had on the Jewish community in Charleston, South Carolina during his years of service at the Holy Congregation, The House of God (KKBE). Padroll served the community of Charleston from 1961 to 1967 and it is believed that he was forced out of the KKBE due to his support for integration. The article explores that role that Jewish merchants played in the civil rights movement and discusses other possible reasons for Padoll's departure from KKBE.

The article focuses on the image perception of the Jewish in the U.S. The author associates the image of Jews that might better be characterized as one of power without happiness in the U.S. The happiness without power evokes a decidedly prewar and markedly European stereotype of the Jews. The author describes the stereotype as almost quaint in its inapplicability to the postwar in the U.S., wherein the Jews are far most reliably disseminated by mass culture that seems to be neurosis. The author concludes that without power, the attraction cannot stand for other people's happiness.

Discusses the significance of the Bible story Exodus in the Jewish and African-American culture. Autobiography of Al Sharpton, an African-American political leader; Uses of the Exodus story; Views on the relatedness of the Jews and the Afro-Americans; Ethnic biographies in the 18th century.

Examines the impact of Black Communist Harold Cruse on perceptions about the relation between African-American and Jewish-American leftists in the United States. Claims on the art produced by Black Communist cultural workers; Experiences of Cruse with Communist writers of the post-war years; Comparison of the imaginative work of Cruse with other Blacks.

Focuses on the Leo Frank murder case from 1913 to talk about race relations between African Americans and Jewish Americans. Background information on the case; Racial issues raised by the case; Outcome of the case.

This article analyzes some works of American Jewish historiography on the early period of European colonialism. The lack of attention towards the history of African American-Jewish relations in the U.S. stems from a twofold reluctance: a reluctance to confront Jews as active historical agents acting as a dominant group over subaltern groups, and a reluctance to abandon a Eurocentric perspective on modern Jewish history. Most Jewish studies took the dialogical history of Jewish identity in the Diaspora resolutely to mean only that dialogue between Jews and Christians, occasionally the dialogue between Jews and Muslims, but almost never with regard to any other group.

This essay aims to shed some light on the perennial tensions between Blacks and Jews in the United States. Beginning with a brief account of both racism and anti-semitism , I argue that both groups have embraced, if only unwittingly, negative stereotypes concerning the other. I then suggest an innocent confusion that came about during the Civil Rights movement. Finally, I stress the fact that each group must recognize that its suffering, however egregious, does not thereby give it such substantial insight regarding the suffering of the other group that each can understand the other without listening to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the effects of the relationship between Blacks and Jews on the Jewish community in the Southern United States. Citing of the importance of Liberalism to Jews; Information on the desegregation crisis in the South of the 1940s and 1950s; Response of Jews to the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s.

Evaluates the genesis of the Harlem tragedy that arose from a contentious commercial dispute between a Jewish landlord and his African-American tenant at 125th Street on December 8, 1995. Opportunities where mediation might have led to constructive discussions; Transition of the economic structure of Harlem since its designation as an Empowerment Zone (EZ); Importance of having a vision of interracial unity.

Presents an anatomy of African American anti-semitism in the United States. Illustrations of the tolerance of black anti-semitism; Freakish character and coarseness of the phenomenon; `Protocols of the Elders of Zion' as inspiration for anti-semitism.

The article focuses on the reaction of African Americans in the U.S. on the persecution of the Jews in Russia during the early 1900s. It offers information on the sufferings of the Jews under tsarist antisemitism in Russia. It describes the efforts of Afro-American communities to ease the plight of the Jews through demonstrations and protests demanding better treatment for Russian Jews. It explains the significance of the rallies and demonstrations that paved a way in ameliorating the condition of the persecuted race or the Jews.

Compares the writings of Afro-Americans and Jews, namely that of Saul Bellow and Chester Himes. Mention of the books `If He Hollers Let Him Go' and `The Victim'; Racial overtones that are consistent throughout the novels; Role of the character Asa Leventhal in `The Victim'; How cultural politics has been incorporated into these and other novels.

Presents a comparative study of the Jewish and Afro-American experiences and discusses the interaction of blacks and Jews in the history of the United States. Afro-American's role in slave trade; Areas of economic contact; Role of Jews in the civil rights movement in the 20th century.

The scope of this article concentrates on three specific structural conditions. These structural conditions are represented in the egalitarian social contact and middleman hypotheses. Supporting evidence is reported for both explanations, with the latter being the stronger predictor. Unlike previous studies, the present inquiry does not restrict its focus to a separate analysis of each hypothesis; instead, both are treated as interrelated explanations. Under the reasoning that the first two hypotheses are but different dimensions of a more general formulation called "differential association," they are combined to test their concurrent effect (i.e. specific combination). This last proposition suggests that when Blacks exhibit anti-Semitic beliefs they may do so because of an excess of contacts with Jews that spawn intolerant beliefs (economic mistreatment by middlemen) over contacts that do not (egalitarian social contact). Supporting data and implications are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the current state of black-Jewish relations and assesses their prospects. Myths of the relationship's past; Evaluation of each community's attitude toward the other; Factors critical to the relationship; Assessment of strengths and weaknesses in the relationship; Factors that are likely to determine future trends.

The article focuses on attempt to practice integration within the Jewish agency Educational Alliance (EA). The growth of this agency posed various intergroup problems such as bringing different ethnic groups into the agency, keeping them within the organization and developing meaningful interaction between the groups. In the case of EA, Jewish members appeared to receive non-Jews with the constant fear that African American and Puerto Rican members would eventually take over the agency. EA members realized their negative approach to integration and discovered a more constructive use of their fear, leading to a greater understanding of each group's problems and ways to resolve them.

The article discusses the author's experience as a Jewish social worker helping African Americans in Mississippi in dealing with the struggle for civil rights in the United States. The author described the particular closeness that Jews feel to oppressed individuals everywhere, saying that the feeling for human dignity was passed down for generations among Jews especially during the severest suppression of personal liberty and will remain a strong force among Jewish people. The author's experience of living with different African American families in Mississippi and witnessing the violence that these families were constantly faced with are discussed.

Data from the recent Newsweek Poll of American Negroes are analyzed. Specifically, those data are examined which deal with the attitudes of Negroes toward the role of Jews in the cause of Negro rights. In general, it was found that Negroes have relatively favorable attitudes toward Jews. Although a plurality gave "not sure" responses, few voiced negative feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]