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The durability of following five wood species: Zelkova carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Pterocarya fraxinifolia, Carpinus betulus and Acer laetum were studied. Wood blocks exposed to Trametes versicolor(a white rot fungus) under laboratory conditions according to DIN52176 standard. After 16 weeks incubation the heart wood of Z. carpinifolia showed 2.19% reduction in weight loss, while U glabra with 41.69%, C. betulus with 45.64%, A. laetum with 53.03% and P. Fraxinifolia with 43.08% weight losses were very decayed. For finding relationship between amount of wood decay and wood extractives a regression was carried out. The percentages of extractive materials by using T20403 standard were 13.84% in Z. carpinifolia, 4.51% in U. glabra, 2.74% in C. betulus, 3.88% in A. laetum, and 4.11% in P. fraxinifolia. Finally there was a negative correlation between rate of decay and amount of wood there was expect P. fraxinifolia. for all wood species extractives.

Etant la représentation gestuelle et orale d'une fiction, le théâtre possède un langage verbal et un langage non-verbal ou scénique. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier le langage verbal dans deux pièces de théâtre appartenant à deux cultures différentes, Fin de partie de Beckett et Afra ou Le jour passe de Beyzaï. La première est considérée comme un exemple du nouveau théâtre dit théâtre de l'absurde dont l'auteur prétend mettre en cause et de nier les éléments traditionnels du théâtre occidental. La pièce de Beyzaï, elle aussi, peut être, à notre sens, considérée comme une pièce moderne dans la mesure où elle emprunte de la modernité des caractéristiques essentielles et elle est donc, de ce point de vue, comparable avec la pièce de Beckett. Pourtant, de l'autre côté, elle repose sur les fondements culturels traditionnels iraniens et n'a pas du tout la prétention de nier son passé. En adoptant une approche stylistique dans une lecture comparative, cette étude essaie donc d'analyser des similitudes et des différences entre ces deux pièces à travers les aspects langagiers et de voir comment et dans quelle mesure la pièce de Beyzaï peut se hausser comme exemple du théâtre de l'absurde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A culture-independent approach was utilized in this study to reveal the microbial diversity in Jordanian hot springs represented by Ma'in and Afra hot springs. Water samples from Ma'in and Afra hot springs were collected in June 2015. The in situ temperature of water samples range was 38-59°C and the pH range was 7.4-8.4. The metagenome was extracted and analyzed using the next generation technology (bTEFAP ® ). A total of 314,310 sequences were parsed and 288,452 were then clustered. The sequences were predominated by bacteria (>84%) and the relative abundance of archaea in each sample was <1%. Eukaryotic microorganisms were detected but with varying abundances (0.6%-15%). Because most of the detected sequences were found to belong to the domain of bacteria (196,936 sequences out 288,452), the bacterial sequences were utilized for further microbial analyses. With respect to alpha and beta diversity, samples were rarefied to 30,000 sequences and bootstrapped at 10,000 sequences. The Shannon-Wiener Index curve plot reaches a plateau at approximately 3,000 sequences indicating that sequencing depth was sufficient to capture the full scope of microbial diversity. By examining the relative abundance of phyla detected in each sample, it appears that the biota of both Jordanian hot springs sampled are compositionally similar, with over 50% of the microbial community of each sample being comprised of the phylum Proteobacteria. The second most abundant phylum was the phylum Bacteroidetes which represents more than 13% in each sample. The phylum Firmicutes was also detected with a significant abundance. However, lower abundance of Deinococcus, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and Chloroflexi was detected. A principal coordinate analysis plot was generated based upon the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. By utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, we were able to determine that there were no significant differences in the microbial diversity between each sample., (© 2017 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)