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On January 8, 2020, Ukraine Airline Flight 752 was shot down minutes after taking off from Tehran, Iran, by an Iranian surface-to-air missile. This happened hours after Iran had launched missiles at US targets in Iraq. Amongst the 176 people killed in this tragedy, many of them children, were 85 Iranian-Canadians who had traveled to visit their relatives in Iran. Over the past two years, families of the victims have struggled to find some healing from this trauma amidst political pressures in their fight to get accountability, transparency and justice for their loved ones. This paper is an account of group therapy sessions conducted over two years with these bereaved families, mostly mothers. I provide a detailed account of how relational psychoanalytic principles were utilized to develop a group psychotherapy model for dealing with this novice complex situation where the trauma is as individual as it is collective. For these families, grief and trauma is complicated by the sociopolitical issues surrounding the incident, including lack of transparency, dishonesty, insensitivity and absence of any attempts at reparations or reconciliation by the Iranian government in the aftermath of this tragedy. I examine how these political moments has come to inform psychological challenges of the group, including their emotions, dreams and fantasies. I further elaborate on how these experiences have transformed these individuals into political activists as observed not only in their individual and collective identities but also in their actual participation in the political arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "PanAm 103 and Embassy Moscow: A Country Team at Work" discusses the decision-making process within the US embassy in Moscow following a terrorist attack on Pan American Airlines Flight 103 in 1988. The embassy received unconfirmed information about a potential terrorist attack on a US airliner, leading to a discussion on how to disseminate this information to US citizens in Moscow. Ultimately, the embassy decided to post the information on the bulletin board in the cafeteria frequented by non-US government Americans in Moscow. The decision was defended by Raymond F. Smith, who was centrally involved in the process, as an example of how a country team is supposed to function. [Extracted from the article]

This study investigates the relationship between pilot candidates' self-control, self-efficacy, and training performance in terms of safety climate. Self-efficacy and safety climate are essential for the flight performance of pilots. However, the effect of self-control on flight performance has yet to be studied. In addition, high self-efficacy is always determined as an essential risk for aviation, but this reality has yet to be researched regarding the safety climate. This study employs qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Data are obtained from 244 pilot candidates training in flight schools in Turkey and then analyzed. There is a significant relationship between self-perceptions and flight performance of pilot candidates. Safety climate has a moderator role in the relationship between self-efficacy, self-control, and flight performance. In the second research model, it is determined that there is a significant relationship between safety climate and flight performance. Self-control and self-efficacy of pilot candidates moderate this relationship. Flight schools and airline companies should exert more effort to establish a safety culture within their institutions, particularly for individuals with excessive levels of self-efficacy. Excessive self-efficacy poses a significant potential risk for those who need to perceive safety culture more in their flight school. In addition, the pilot candidates' self-control level should be considered necessary when recruiting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, an increasing number of aspiring professional pilots are teaching as Certificated Flight Instructors, presumably to reach the minimum required flight hours and move into airline flight operations. High-quality training is the foundation of a high-quality globalized aviation workforce, yet there has been a persistent lack of systemic in-depth guidance surrounding how instructors are taught how to teach aviation subject matter, justifying the need for incorporating the use of evidence-based and promising practices into flight instruction. In this article, we outline the integral components and the research basis of the universal design for learning (UDL) instructional framework. We then provide recommendations for utilizing universal design for learning during ground and flight instruction. The broader impact of teaching flight instructors how to use the UDL framework includes the potential to improve retention rates, reduce flight training hours, and lead to strong knowledge and skills for both instructors and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Congress passed the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, travelers have benefitted from airline deregulation through discounted prices and greater access to air travel, but these benefits have largely been offset by the reality that many airline passengers are unsatisfied with the airline industry's customer service, or lack thereof. This Comment argues that the United States should follow the European Union's lead and, in accordance with Regulation EC 261, require airlines to compensate passengers when their flights are delayed or canceled. The concentrated aviation industry has created a market that does not adequately protect airline passengers, and the courts have not provided passengers with an adequate venue for relief. Enacting legislation similar to Regulation EC 261 would make airlines accountable, improve service at a marginally low cost, and generate a more uniform standard of airline passenger rights, creating more transparency and certainty for both airlines and passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Montreal Convention is a multilateral treaty that comprehensively regulates international air carriers. Specifically, Article 17 of the treaty allows passengers to recover against air carriers for injuries or deaths on international flights, so long as certain requirements are met. In Air France v. Saks, the Supreme Court held that "accident"--a controlling term in Article 17--describes an event that is external to the passenger and "unexpected or unusual." Last year, in Moore v. British Airways PLC, the First Circuit purported to identify a split over what this language means. According to Moore, there are courts who (correctly) gauge whether an event is unexpected or unusual from the perspective of an airline passenger with ordinary experience in commercial air travel (an objective standard that I will call the Reasonable Passenger Approach). On the other hand, there are courts who (incorrectly) determine whether an event is unexpected or unusual from the perspective of the airline industry, using industry norms and customs as guides (a standard I will call the Industry Approach). In this Comment, I will explain why the standard endorsed by the First Circuit in Moore muddies the waters and how a more holistic, totality-of-the-circumstances approach (the Holistic Approach) offers a better rubric for Article 17 "accident" analyses. Given the recency of the Moore case, my goal in this Comment is to provide timely insight on its blind spots while offering an approach that might rescue Moore from a legacy of confusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airlines optimize flight trajectories in order to minimize their operational costs, of which fuel consumption is a large contributor. It is known that flight trajectories are not fuel-optimal because of airspace congestion and restrictions, safety regulations, bad weather and other operational constraints. However, the extent to which trajectories are not fuel-optimal (and therefore CO 2 -optimal) is not well known. In this study, we present two methods for optimizing the flight cruising time by taking best advantage of the wind pattern at a given flight level and for constant airspeed. We test these methods against actual flight trajectories recorded under the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) programme. One method is more robust than the other (computationally faster) method, but when successful, the two methods agree very well with each other, with optima generally within the order of 0.1%. The IAGOS actual cruising trajectories are on average 1% longer than the computed optimal for the transatlantic route, which leaves little room for improvement given that by construction the actual trajectory cannot be better than our optimum. The average degree of non-optimality is larger for some other routes and can be up to 10%. On some routes, there are also outlier flights that are not well optimized; however, the reason for this is not known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the risk of controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) for airlines and to develop a practical method for evaluating and predicting CFIT risk to ensure safe and efficient airline operations. Design/methodology/approach: In accordance with the monitoring project specification issued by the Flight Standards Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), a preliminary draft of evaluation indicators for CFIT risk was developed based on the literature review and semi-structured interviews. Fifteen aviation experts were then selected and invited to participate in a Delphi method to revise the draft. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method were used to determine the combined weight of the indicators. The variable fuzzy set model and quick access recorder (QAR) data were applied to evaluate the CFIT risk of an airline from 2007 to 2018, and the classification results were compared with actual operational data. Findings: The research findings reveal that the six most significant monitoring items affecting CFIT risk are incorrect configuration settings during landing, loss of altitude during climbing, ground proximity warning, G/S deviation, flap extension delay during landing and incorrect takeoff configuration. The CFIT risk of airlines has shown an increasing trend since 2015. The values in 2010, 2017 and 2018 were greater than 2 and less than 2.5, indicating that the CFIT risk is at Level 2, close to Level 3, and the risk is low but approaching medium. Practical implications: Using the combination weight determined by AHP and entropy weight method to rank the weight of 15 monitoring items, airlines can take necessary measures (simulator training, knowledge training) to reduce the occurrence of monitoring items with high weight to reduce CFIT risk. This risk assessment method can quantitatively evaluate the CFIT risk of airlines and provide theoretical guidance and technical support for airlines to formulate safety management measures and flight training programs, enabling the interconnection between QAR data and flight quality. Originality/value: The proposed method in this study differs from traditional approaches by offering a quantitative assessment of CFIT risk for airlines and enabling the interconnection between QAR data and flight quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a 35-year-old patient without pathological history who developed hemopneumothorax due to altitude barotrauma during a commercial airline flight. The computed tomography (CT) of the chest identified the presence of right hydropneumothorax and emphysema "blebs" and bubbles. After the therapeutic insertion of a drain tube, the patient returned to the country by land transport. Three weeks later, he was diagnosed with right-sided pleurisy based on a CT scan with contrast material. A surgical intervention was then performed, and three biopsy samples were taken; the histopathological result highlighted suggestive elements for the diagnosis of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which was flying from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to Beijing, China, lost communication with air traffic control shortly after take-off on March 8, 2014, and vanished. While the rest of the world awaited news of the missing plane and the 239 people on board, officials and experts began to look into the limited information available concerning the airliner's real activities. The disappearance of a Malaysia Airline flight, carrying 239 passengers and crew, is one of the world's biggest aviation mysteries. Despite all the efforts and evidence obtained so far, the crash site of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 could not be determined exactly. In this study, which we have done, the crash zone of the aircraft has been determined approximately by using the data in the previously prepared reports. In addition, the average ocean current speeds, directions and the parts of the debris of the aircraft were investigated on the satellite images, and the estimation of the area where the plane crashed was tried to be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With increasing capabilities of electric motors and energy storage, aircraft designs for electrified commuter and regional aircraft become more relevant than ever. Design concepts are often derived and optimised according to existing, conventional reference aircraft; however, their characteristics differ and the underlying trade-offs are divergent. This work aims to derive and describe major external requirements for the design of proposed commuter and regional aircraft system. Therefore, a travel time benefit analysis was conducted that considered the European NUTS-3 regions, as well as the concentration of population. Total travel times for individual road, high-speed rail, commuter air services, and traditional airline services were compared. Travel time calculations were based mostly on third-party road and railway APIs, whereas airline services were based on air traffic management data. The data show a concentration of potential commuter connections on distances between 200 and 950 km. The majority of these connections are currently operated on airline flights, which involve extraordinarily long first/last mile transportation. The majority of regions are already well covered with airfields offering sufficient runway length; however, air traffic capacities and apron space could become major bottlenecks when considering a possible shift from airline to decentral commuter air services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The irregular lifestyle of airline crew members, wide/adverse job-related exposures, and the impact of temporary hypoxia on gut microbiota well-being have increased concern about the daily recommended dose of certain nutrients among flight crew. The aim of this study was to determine if daily consumption of a SYNBIO® probiotics–elderberry extract supplement (ACTIVE) may contribute to the well-being of flight attendants. Forty healthy crew members enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study consumed one ACTIVE capsule/day or placebo for 30 days. Bowel well-being, health-related quality of life, and gastrointestinal tolerance were assessed by validated questionnaires. Saliva and fecal samples were analyzed to determine secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) levels and to characterize gut microbiota composition, respectively. ACTIVE subjects presented a physiological improvement and a statistically significant higher Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) global score compared to PLACEBO subjects. The ACTIVE subjects showed significantly increased levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria compared to the PLACEBO group, while a significant increase in lactobacilli and a significant reduction in Enterobacteriaceae were registered when compared with the beginning of supplementation, confirming the persistence of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract and the direct antagonism and competitive exclusion effects. Additionally, sIgA levels were significantly higher in the ACTIVE group compared to the baseline and to the PLACEBO group at the end of supplementation. The ACTIVE supplementation might be beneficial to airline crew members, improving their physiological state, their immune defenses, and the strength and efficiency of their gastrointestinal tract when responding to stressful conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately determining an aircraft's flight speed is crucial for optimizing airline performance, as it directly impacts factors such as fuel consumption and emissions. Flying at speeds higher than what is recommended by the manufacturer can result in increased fuel burn. However, flying at slower speeds may lead to longer flight times and competitive disadvantages for airlines as passengers typically prefer shorter travel times. This study empirically investigates the driving forces in the decision-making process of airlines when setting flight speeds to reduce costs while maintaining the quality of service provided to customers. We develop econometric models of planned flight cruise speed and actual mean flight speed. We analyze a vast amount of data, comprising millions of domestic flights within Brazil. Our results allow for policy recommendations that identify opportunities for improvements in airline flight operations optimization, with implications for the environmental footprint of commercial aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air transportation is a huge, complex system with emergence and self-organization, which makes it important for it to be modelled. In this paper, to model the air transportation system with more accuracy, from physical facilities to traffic applications, three-layer networks, including the air route network, the city-pair airline network, and flight operation network, are built, where the air route network is regarded as the physical layer, and city-pair airline network and flight operation network are the application layers. Furthermore, a powerful tool, complex network theory, is applied to discuss the topology characteristics of the three-layer networks. Moreover, considering the path diversity of city-pair airlines, a simulated annealing-based framework is proposed to optimize the routing paths on an air route network for each city-pair airline, such that the traffic congestion of the air route network can be alleviated, where an elaborated method for perturbing solutions, named Selection after Remove (SAR), is adopted. Experimental results show that, compared with the default routing paths, the shortest routing paths, and the random routing paths, the proposed routing-path optimization strategy can reduce the maximum traffic flows of the air route network by 2.4%, 4.6%, and 4.8%, respectively, which shows that the proposed optimization method performs well in alleviating the traffic congestion of the air route network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movement of air particles is a very mobile medium, which is usually chaotic or turbulent in nature. Turbulence (translated from latin “turbo” means vortex) is a state of the atmosphere in which a vortex and wind can form horizontal and vertical cracks. The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the flight of the aircraft is manifested in sudden and unexpected changes in the horizontal flight configuration. A sharp and sudden change in flight mode due to the effect of turbulence is usually called a “vibration” or bump. Vibration depends on the physical state of the atmosphere, time of year, time of day, altitude of the terrain, its orographic features and meteorological conditions. In the article, work was carried out to identify the features of vibration propagation and its relationship with meteorological parameters at the airport of Almaty in the period from 2015 to 2019. As a result, it was showed that the maximum frequency of vibration at the considered standard levels of 960-110 hPa corresponds to the cold period of the year and occurs at the height of takeoff and landing. As for the connection between air temperature and vibration, it has found that vibration is most common in the temperature range from -4 ° C to 0 ° C. It was also revealed that the frequency of vibration most often coincides in cloudless conditions, i.e. the total number of cases is 439 (00 hours) and 609 (12 hours), respectively, the frequency is 61 and 84%. During the study of the relationship between vibration and clouds, it was recorded that vibration exists only with 3 different clouds, i.e. Ci, Ac and Sc. The results of the study can be widely used in the fields of civil aviation, military aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to develop conceptual directions for the structure formation and the number of airline's fleet based on satisfying consumer preferences of enterprises-customers of helicopter operations. The helicopters currently in operation cannot fully satisfy the requirements of customers in terms of their flight technical and economic characteristics, which leads to a decrease in their use and it negatively affects the economy of the airline and corresponding economic region. There is a real need to update and expand the type and fleet of Russian-made helicopters, which will better meet the requirements of the helicopter operations market. To solve it, a helicopter manufacturing enterprise needs to carefully study the market requirements for existing and new types of helicopters, its volumes, formation trends, prices, operating costs, service systems, etc. The work presents a model that makes it possible to formulate for each airline the need for helicopters of various types and specializations for each year of the forecasting period has been developed, depending on the dynamics of changes in the level of socio-economic development of the region and the corresponding changes in the airline's flight operations, considering the effective demand. It also makes it possible to predict promising types and helicopter fleet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While healthcare should not be compared to aviation or indeed other high reliability organisations (HROs), many lessons, attitudes, and transferable practices can be applied and, more importantly, adapted from them to improve patient safety and team morale. The team brief before any interventional list is one such process that can have a significant effect on the delivery and safety of patient care and effective team working. Due to NHS pressures and the perception by some in healthcare that the time taken to conduct a full team briefing has little importance, it can sometimes be rushed or regarded as a 'tick box' process that delays a list. However, when used appropriately, the briefing is a chance to lower authority gradients and thereby improve patient safety. It also reduces the likelihood of medical errors, builds and improves situational awareness by considering various 'what-if' scenarios and how they will be dealt with, and considers wider issues including potential distractions. An important outcome is its effect on team morale through empowerment, and it is an opportunity for learning. In this article, which has been written following a unique opportunity to observe a full team brief on an Airbus A380 flight deck, we consider how, through the thorough use of checklists, briefings can be used to best advantage for interventional teams. We raise the question 'would you engage differently with the briefing if your own life or procedure depended on it?' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is gambling in outer space legal under United States law? With commercial space flights now almost routine, and gambling growing by leaps and bounds, this question is becoming more pressing by the day. As it happens, three existing federal criminal laws--dating, respectively, from 1790, 1825, and 1951--make it clear that betting in outer space currently is illegal in nearly all instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic flow prediction is a significant component for the new generation intelligent transportation. In the field of air transportation, accurate prediction of airport flight flow can help airlines schedule flights and provide a decision-making basis for airport resource allocation. With the help of Deep Learning technology, this paper focuses on the characteristics of flight flow easily disturbed by environmental factors, studies the spatiotemporal dependence between flight flows, and predicts the spatiotemporal distribution of flight flows from the airport network level. We proposed a deep learning architecture named ATFSTNP, which combining the residual neural network (ResNet), graph convolutional network (GCN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). Based big data analytics of air traffic management, this method takes the spatiotemporal causal relationship between weather impact and flight flow as the core, and deeply mines the complex spatiotemporal relationship of flight flow. The model's methodologies are improved from the practical application level, and extensive experiments conducted on the China's flight operation dataset. The results illustrate that the improved model has significant advantages in predicting the flight flow under weather affect. Even in the complex and variable external environment, the model can still accurately predict the spatiotemporal distribution of the airport network flight flow, with strong robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to improve risk assessment processes in airline flight operations by introducing a dynamic risk assessment method. Design/methodology/approach: Fuzzy logic and Bayesian network are used together to form a dynamic structure in the analysis. One of the most challenging factors of the analyses in aviation is to get quantitative data. In this study, the fuzzy data quantification technique is used to perform dynamic risk assessment. Dynamic structure in the analysis is obtained by transforming the bow-tie model into a Bayesian network equivalent. Findings: In this study, the probability of top-event from fault tree analysis is calculated as 1.51 × 10−6. Effectiveness of the model is measured by comparing the analysis with the safety performance indicator data that reflects past performance of the airlines. If two data are compared with each other, they are at the same order of value, with small difference (0.6 × 10−7). Originality/value: This study proposes a dynamic model to be used in risk assessment processes in airline flight operations. A dynamic model for safety analysis provides real-time, autonomous and faster risk assessment. Moreover, it can help in the decision-making process and reduce airline response time to undesired states, which means that the proposed model can contribute to the efficiency of the risk management process in airline flight operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of crowdfunding and e‐commerce, a novel selling strategy for airlines called flight crowdfunding has been recently applied to the airline industry. In this paper, we propose a micro‐foundation to analyze consumers' purchase behavior, the interaction between airlines and OTAs for launching crowdfunding flights and design contracts to coordinate the supply chain. We find that airlines tend to reduce the participation threshold below the break‐even point to attract more consumers, even if doing so will incur losses when the demand is insufficient. We also examine the conditions under which crowdfunding dominates the traditional selling and find that airlines will adopt crowdfunding as the selling strategy if the competition is sufficiently intense in the market or flights' fixed cost is sufficiently high. Moreover, all consumers always strictly benefit from the crowdfunding offer. Crowdfunding can create a win–win–win situation for airlines, the OTA and consumers if the number of airlines in the market is in an intermediate range. We also investigate the supply chain coordination contracts and demonstrate that cost‐sharing contracts can coordinate the supply chain and achieve its optimal performance, whereas some other contracts, such as wholesale‐price, revenue‐sharing, and profit‐sharing contracts cannot do that. This paper highlights the importance of crowdfunding in the cooperation between airlines and OTAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, each airline is forced to look for new savings opportunities. One of the methods may be the use of formation flights in daily flight operations, which may allow a reduction in fuel consumption by several percentages. The paper presents the genesis of how the consideration of such flights and the possibility of their implementation in an airline had started. The leader's plane generates vortices, which, with the proper alignment of the planes to one another, can reduce the drag on the wingman. However, the wrong position may not only have no positive effect but also may be a threat to stable wingman flight. The article presents a method of using these vortices in such a way as to have a positive impact on the aerodynamics of the wingman. A favourableposition in the vertical and horizontal axes will be determined in relation to the vortex generated by the leader's plane in order to obtain the greatest benefit in reducing fuel consumption. The paper presents an operational analysis of the possibility of maintaining such a distance to obtain profit on fuel but also to ensure the highest level of safety of the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Pacific Asynchronous TeleHealth (PATH) system is an asynchronous provider-to-provider teleconsultation platform utilized by military medical facilities throughout the Western Pacific Region. This study focused on PATH utilization for pediatric cases and its impact on patient transfers and cost avoidance. Methods: This retrospective analysis reviewed PATH cases from March 2017 to February 2020 for patients aged 0–17 years. We reviewed the referring users' responses to survey questions related to the impact of PATH consultation on patient travel for in-person subspecialty care and the need for local referral. Data for cost avoidance were estimated using per diem rates and airline flight costs for Fiscal Year 2020. Results: A total of 2,448 pediatric consultations were submitted from 29 military medical facilities. Pediatric Pulmonology (n = 557, 24.5%), Pediatric Cardiology (n = 446, 19.6%), and Pediatric Neurology (n = 236, 10.37%) had the highest percentage of pediatric teleconsults. Approximately 42% of referring users completed the survey questions. Among survey respondents, 710 (69.4%) indicated that unnecessary patient transfers were prevented, equating to a cost savings of ∼$3.3 million. Conclusions: We observed robust utilization of the PATH system by pediatric providers in the Military Health System that ultimately resulted in substantial cost avoidance. This asynchronous telemedicine platform is a vital asset in locations with limited access or travel restriction to medical specialists, such as during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Opioid overdose is a major cause of death and hospitalizations in the US. The overall incidence of non-fatal opioid overdose emergency department visits in the US is 133.9 per 100,000 people. It is reasonable to expect opioid overdose to affect passengers in-flight. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of opioid overdoses on commercial airline flights. METHODS: Data from 2022 were extracted from an internal database of in-flight medical events collected by a major ground-based medical support provider among major US airlines. Potential opioid overdoses were flagged using multiple criteria with different degrees of certainty into three scenarios: Conservative, Medium, and Liberal. The conservative scenario only included cases of clinical suspicion and naloxone administration. Medium included the "conservative" cases plus cases identified by a ChatGPT-4 analysis of events categorized by the doctors as "Altered Mental Status". The artificial intelligence platform was trained to identify cases of potential overdose using standard diagnostic criteria. The liberal scenario included the "medium" cases plus cases of non-shockable cardiac arrests in adults aged 20-55. Published passenger traffic for 2022 was obtained for the airlines involved in the same period of the study. Incidence was calculated as events per passenger. RESULTS: 14,788 in-flight medical events affecting US airlines in 2022 were available for analysis. Seven airlines were represented, for a total of 400,263,000 passengers. Applying the predefined criteria, incidence was calculated as: - Conservative Scenario: 12 cases. Incidence: 1 per 33.4 million passengers - Medium Scenario: 44 cases. Incidence: 1 per 9.1 million passengers - Liberal Scenario: 54 cases. Incidence: 1 per 7.1 million passengers DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that the incidence of opioid overdoses on commercial airline flights is relatively low, below the incidence of other serious medical events even when using the most liberal inclusion criteria. The discrepancy between this and national incidence of opioid overdose may be due to the limited duration of flights or specific demographics of individuals that fly. There are important limitations in this study given the retrospective nature of data analysis and the absence of confirmatory evidence of opioid utilization in the cases identified. Learning Objectives 1. The audience will learn that the incidence of opioid overdose for in-flight medical events is relatively low, even if we use the most inclusive criteria for the estimation. 2. The audience will learn how we approached a way to estimate the incidence of opioid overdose for in-flight passengers by using a risk-stratified approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airlines need to expand their flight networks with developing new routes and introducing more flights to increase their market share. In this work, we propose a two-stage stochastic mixed integer nonlinear program (MINLP), which expands an existing flight schedule by operating new flights either with existing fleet resources or a leased aircraft while considering the impact of departure time decisions on the probability distribution of random demand. Moreover, our study helps an airline to link a strategic decision of leasing an aircraft to the tactical aircraft assignment decisions by considering fuel efficiency and seat capacity of the aircraft alternatives in response to new passenger demand. However, the large number of scenarios, nonlinear fuel burn function and nonlinearities due to the decision dependent probabilities become main challenges of solving the problem. In order to deal with the computational requirements of a two-stage stochastic MINLP with decision dependent probabilities, we propose strong conic quadratic and McCormick inequalities, and an exact scenario group wise decomposition algorithm along with a new bounding method. In our computational results, we clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed decomposition algorithm and the strength of the reformulations. • Propose a novel two-stage stochastic decision dependent programming model for airline flight network expansion problem. • Link strategic aircraft leasing decisions to the tactical fleet assignment. • Propose strong conic quadratic and McCormick inequalities, and an exact decomposition algorithm along with a new bounding method to overcome the computational difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study empirically measures Beijing's international air connectivity through descriptive statistics and various connectivity indexes. In particular, we comprehensively benchmark Beijing's international air connectivity with other major international exchange centers and gateway airports around the world. It is found that, although Beijing has direct flights to a comparable number of foreign destinations, the city still significantly lags behind other major counterparts in international air connectivity. This is due to Beijing's inferior connection quality in terms of flight frequency, number of seats, flying distance, and its poor international transfer capability. Moreover, a gravity-type model is applied to investigate the determinants of Beijing's route-level direct flight traffic. An index of potential market size is calculated for a sample including candidate overseas airports without direct flights with Beijing. It is found that Beijing has already opened direct flights to most of the candidate airports that have high market potentials. The air transport market potentials to major B&R (Belt-and-Road) cities are very low. However, given China's growing trade and economic ties with the B&R countries, Beijing could consider more favorable policies in support of direct flight operations to B&R countries. It is more important for Beijing to upgrade air connectivity quality by liberalizing restrictions on flight frequency and airfare. The newly opened Beijing Daxing Airport adds valuable capacity for Beijing to better explore international connectivity. Although COVID-19 pandemic forces Beijing to shut down international flight operations until now, the city needs to formulate clearer long-term strategies to improve international its air connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes partnerships between foreign and domestic firms as a source of signaling advantages, considering the case of virtual codesharing in aviation. Virtual codesharing is an important type of cooperative agreement between airlines that does not change any real product attributes and hence provides the opportunity to identify this signaling effect. Roughly 75% of the flights in trans-Atlantic and Pacific markets involves codesharing. Typically, the consumer buys the ticket with the domestic airline, while a foreign airline operates the flight. Analyzing individual-level choice data from a representative sample of Australian air travelers, we find that the average consumer is willing to pay a premium between 4 and 5.5% of the ticket price when a flight by a foreign carrier is codeshared with the national carrier Qantas. When flying to a less familiar destination, risk averse consumers are willing to pay a premium about two times higher than non-risk averse consumers, suggesting that partnerships have a strong impact on consumer valuation through reducing perceived risks and uncertainties associated with alien carriers. By this mechanism, home country bias may spillover to foreign partners of domestic firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Revenue Management (RM) systems, information censoring and the interaction between the forecasting and optimization stages, increases the costs and complexity of performance analysis using historical data. An affordable and suitable alternative is using simulations, but appropriate behavioral models must be considered. In the following document, we discuss and test the implementation of a dynamic air transport market simulator, designed to analyze RM systems. The simulator replicates the behavior of passengers that book seats offered in multiple flights by different airlines. We use discrete choice models to replicate the demand behavior, accounting for preferences and decision rule heterogeneity, and including a temporal evolution of the preference throughout the selling horizon. To replicate the supply behavior, a number of airlines modify the price and quantity of different fare classes offered in each flight, using a variety of RM forecasting, un-constraining, and optimization techniques. The simulator allows analysts to study the economic benefit of RM systems under predefined assumptions in an artificial and controlled environment. This increases the benefits obtained by the correct selection of context-appropriate RM systems and the likelihood of successfully implementing new and complex systems. We test and showcase the simulator performance, studying the entrance of a new airline in a competitive context. We generate, implement and evaluate different RM strategies in response to the introduction of new competition, and discuss the results, highlighting the interpretability and accuracy of the proposed framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The delay of a planned flight causes many undesirable situations such as cost, customer satisfaction, environmental pollution. There is only one way to prevent these problems before they occur, and that is to know which flights will be delayed. The aim of this study is to predict delayed flights. For this, the use of machine learning techniques, which have become widespread with the development of computer capacities and data storage systems, is preferred. Methods: Estimations are made with three up-to-date techniques XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost techniques based on Gradient Boosting from machine learning techniques. The bayesian technique is used for hyper-parameter settings. In addition, the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) technique is also used, as the majority of flights are on time and delayed flights, which constitute a minority class, may adversely affect the results. The results are analyzed and shared with and without SMOTE. Results: As a consequence of the application, which was run on a data set containing all of an international airline's flights [18148 flights] for a year, it was discovered that flights may be predicted with high accuracy. Conclusions: The application of machine learning techniques to anticipate flight delays is new, but it has a lot of potential. Companies will be able to avert problems before they develop if delays are correctly estimated, which can generate plenty of issues. As a result, concrete advantages such as lower costs and higher customer satisfaction will emerge. Improvements will be made at the most vulnerable place in the aviation business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]