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The article focuses on the establishment of Fort Kearny in Nebraska Territory, its significance in protecting overland travelers heading west, and the challenges faced by emigrants along the trails. Topics include the fort's relocation for better protection of emigrants, the role it played as a supply station, and the harsh realities of trail life including the struggles, dangers, and diverse backgrounds of those migrating.

Outdoor adventure challenges are commonly used to enhance self‐efficacy, but the physiological mechanisms involved remain unexplored. Additionally, while studies have documented the influence of self‐efficacy on stress management, general self‐efficacy has yet to be fully understood in the context of cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR). This study investigated the influence of self‐efficacy beliefs on CVR during acute psychological stress tasks. Additionally, it explored whether CVR serves as a novel mechanism underlying the outcomes of outdoor adventure challenges. As part of a wider randomized controlled trial, participants (n = 55) were invited to complete a laboratory session to assess CVR to an active (paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT)) and a passive (cold pressor test (CPT)) stress task. Randomized participants (n = 33) to the experimental condition also engaged in a high ropes challenge course after the laboratory session. It was found that greater self‐reported self‐efficacy was associated with larger CVR during the CPT and positively associated with perceived engagement and performance during the PASAT. Secondly, participants reporting positive change in self‐efficacy post‐intervention were associated with greater CVR and greater CVR was associated with higher ratings of intervention engagement and perceived challenge. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that greater efficacy beliefs may heighten CVR to passive acute psychological stressors. Habitual stress reactivity may represent a novel mechanism involved in outdoor and adventure‐based interventions. Future research should continue to explore the impact of psychological variables on stress physiology and examine CVR as a potential mechanism in adventure experiences. Exaggerated or blunted cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress can have harmful effects on health.Adventure challenges are frequently used for self‐efficacy development, but underlying mechanisms remain unknown.Our study highlights self‐efficacy may influence cardiovascular reactivity and how individuals respond to stress may be an important factor in how they experience and learn through outdoor adventure interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of Outdoor and Adventurous Activities (OAA) throughout the national curriculum for physical education in England and Wales has added a new dimension to the often-questioned traditional teaching curricula associated with competitive sport. Yet, the research base linked to the field of OAA has limited insight into the views of the instructors who integrally facilitate such experiences. This study analysed the perspective of instructors regarding their perceptions of the benefits associated with OAA participation for young people, but also some of the pivotal teaching approaches used to optimise such developments. Six OAA instructors from the United Kingdom participated in a cross-sectional qualitative case study and were interviewed to gauge their perspectives on the benefits and teaching approaches utilised in adventurous education. The emerging dominant theme demonstrates a link between the specific and intentional pedagogic strategies of the instructors and the intended developmental outcomes for young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe some chosen ideas and results for more than 100 years prehistory and history of the remarkable development concerning Hardy-type inequalities. In particular, we present a newer convexity approach, which we believe could partly have changed this development if Hardy had discovered it. In order to emphasize the current very active interest in this subject, we finalize by presenting some examples of the recent results, which we believe have potential not only to be of interest for a broad audience from a historical perspective, but also to be useful in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The travel and tourism industry was one of the worst hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic was still weathered by the large companies with capital, but smaller travel and tourism companies had to completely reimagine their offerings and plans and yet scramble to sustain. This case study is of one such small travel and tourism company named "Junoon Adventures" located in India. This case study not only presents the survival of a small Indian company but also provides lessons on how "organizational memory", "geographical advantage", and "employee attitude" together formed the perfect mix to weather the wrath the COVID-19 pandemic unleashed on the travel and tourism industry. This case study is prepared with primary data from the extensive interviews of the company founder and other employees, supplemented by secondary data from public reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explain the campaign content raised by the Adventure Towards Something Virtual Community via its Instagram account@adventure towards something; describe the strategy of the Adventure Towards Something Virtual Community in presenting campaign messages via Instagram accounts; and describes the responses of community participants regarding the campaign carried out by the Adventure Towards Something Virtual Community via their Instagram account@adventure towards something. This research uses qualitative methods with a netnographic study approach. The selection of informants in this research was carried out using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique in this research goes through the stages of coding, noting, abstracting and comparing, checking and refinement, generalizing, and theorizing. The results of the research consist of three things, first, the digital comic Adventure to Something (PMS) has types and variations in content sharing which are wrapped in social media hashtag practices. Second, to present this content, PMS uses message strategies and media strategies that generate social connections from online connections through close social networks consisting of interconnected people with very few participants. Third, community participants consume sign-value and symbolic-value from Instagram features and merchandise products that help them discover, know, follow, and find meaning from PMS content to grow connections. social from online connections in relationships between "Seekers" and co-creators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Mind of Whitehead: Adventures in Ideas" by Roland Faber is a comprehensive exploration of the philosophical ideas of Alfred North Whitehead. The book takes a thematic approach, incorporating Whitehead's writings to create a portrait of his thinking. It is aimed at scholars and serious students of Whitehead, and Faber's interpretation leans towards a postmodern perspective, emphasizing mysticism and symbolism. The book challenges traditional notions and invites readers to engage with complex ideas, encouraging deep thinking and reflection. [Extracted from the article]

George Russell conceptualized his Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization as a theory of tonality. He includes an analysis of the opening of Maurice Ravel's "Forlane" from Le Tombeau de Couperin in the fourth and final edition of his text to demonstrate what his theory—"The Concept"—offers for the analysis of Western art music. This article takes Russell's claim seriously, discusses The Concept as a theory of tonality, and extends Russell's analysis to the entirety of "Forlane." I also connect Russell's work to broader Black cultural practices and their socio-political resonances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the influence of covid-19 pandemic, the market of adventure tourism in Taiwan has a significant growth in the last few years. With the increasing demand of adventure tourism, the pressure of adventure tourists' safety and environmental conservation also increases. This pressure has become an uneasy task for the Taiwanese government. Recently many studies show that establishing a partnership between tour operators and government agencies can benefit the management of tourism, safety of tourists, and conservation of natural environment. This study employed "Identity Theory" as a starting point to describe the potential roles can be identified by adventure tour operators in the post-pandemic era. These roles include "profit-oriented businessman", "safety guarantor", "adventure experiences provider", and "environmental educator". Moreover, this study employed Identity Theory to discuss which role (s) may have a higher position in adventure tour operators' role identity system when facing the conflict among roles. This study encourages tourists, adventure tour operators and government agencies to recognize the importance of the roles can be played by adventure tour operators. Having a better understanding among stakeholders on the roles of adventure tour operators can benefit the development of adventure tourism in the post- pandemic era. If this better understanding can be achieved, this study believes there will be a great benefit for tourists' safety, the government's management on adventure tourism and conservation, and adventure tour operators' business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay defines the metaverse and its many uses. It then draws parallels to adventure and examines the elements that make adventure a unique learning medium. Next, it predicts the future based on the present and the past and discusses the drawbacks of this process and its outcomes. Finally, it concludes with a few observations and expectations around adventure not being easily replaced by the metaverse in the near future, but long term advances might tell a different story. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How we talk about things familiar to us shapes who we are, and discourses influence how we present ourselves to the world. Through sensemaking, individuals draw on discourses to construct their preferred identities. As an increasing number of American workers seek nontraditional employment, it is integral to examine how individuals interpret and frame dominant and longstanding societal discourses. Adventure workers are a prime example of individuals who align with or push against normative discourses that either reflect or conflict with how they envision their identities. Through 14 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, we discovered tensions adventure workers experience between normative discourses and the adventure worker identity. Adventure workers communicatively reframed ideal worker norms and the real/fake-self dichotomy surrounding consistent availability, conventional measures of success, and sacrificing time and freedom to unsatisfactory work experiences. In doing so, our participants generated a new form of currency – experience – which they used to legitimize the ways they both resisted and perpetuated normative discourses. This work contributes to communication scholarship by illuminating the far-reaching influence of macro discourses in sensemaking and identity construction by extending the notion of the crystallized self and the traditional "work now, life later" ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the concept of "adventure" in a series of stories by a well-known Chinese Muslim writer Zhang Chengzhi (b. 1948). Zhang is famous for searching out and depicting landscapes, especially in northwest China. This paper will explore in what ways adventures in landscapes become a crucial mechanism for advancing plot development. How do adventures in Zhang's stories create grand space-time in novels through transformations of different geographic topographies and historical moments? Why are these adventures depicted with attributes of the sublime? More importantly, what is the intertextual relationship between the adventures of the characters in the text and Zhang's journey outside the text (i.e., in real life)? How does the space of adventures interplay between life and crisis for both the characters and writer? This study argues that in adventure stories, Zhang constructs a pattern of integration between the Jahriyya Muslims' daily lives and their transcendent pursuits and a pattern of self-development and self-sublimation by virtue of telling adventure stories. Adventure is the allegorical device for both Zhang and the characters to practice the sublime--to achieve and reveal their physical and spiritual strength and ethnic characteristics. As such, this paper further asks in what ways the narrative of such a personal bildungsroman is intertextually identified with the subaltern community of Jahriyya Muslims, both within and outside the texts in the context of Han-centered Chinese culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstructing the logic of everyday action between reproduction and invention of forms is a growing concern in contemporary debates on the praxeological foundation of sociology. This article argues for a renewed understanding of action in its contingency and creativity. Building on current developments on the role of projectivity and imagination in the emergence of the new and unexpected in action, it turns to Simmel's undervalued essay "The Adventure" to examine a style of conduct characterized by deviation from predicable patterns and background assumptions in everyday life. To understand the emergent properties and intrinsic complexity of creative action, one must consider the philosophical discoveries of Simmel concerning the form of adventure in the subjective flow of time. The adventure is elaborated as an action involving curiosity, unfamiliar detours, and a sense of presentness as striking features that benefit insights from his later work on life's transcendence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This personal story recounts the accidental observation, the struggles, the breakthroughs, and the collaborative spirit of a few individuals that led to the discovery that bacterial cells expend energy to effectively fluidize their otherwise "glass-like" cytoplasm and promote the dispersal of large cytoplasmic components. This adventure, which led us into an uncharted world at the intersection of cell biology and condensed matter physics about ten years ago, forever transformed the way I view cells and conduct research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the unfulfilled travel ambitions of Pierre Loti, tracing his aspirations from Tahiti to Kabul, Moscow to Mecca, and beyond. It delves into Loti's longing for distant lands, examining his detailed plans and missed opportunities, from failed missions to abandoned voyages, shedding light on the complexities of his wanderlust and the limitations of his adventures.

An argument can be made that integrating mindfulness practices (MPs) into Outdoor Adventure (OA) programming can help students develop and expand on a variety of social and emotional attributes, such as stress reduction, awareness of the present moment, relationship skills, and maintaining psychosocial equilibrium. However, there is a paucity of empirical inquiry that specifically aims to explore in-depth participant experience using MPs in OA programs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceived benefits that MPs provided university students during OA trips. The term Mindful Lived-Outdoor Experience (MLOE) was conceptualized to define a participant's experience during an OA trip with MPs included. The findings suggest MPs are a beneficial component in adventure programming. The MPs promoted opportunity for participants to reduce stress and socially engage during the OA activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Researchers in information studies have examined fictional depictions of libraries in various mediums because these images can reflect and influence real-life experiences and attitudes. Video games, despite being relatively overlooked, are increasingly culturally relevant and can indicate library users' real needs and desires. This study investigates the ways in which video games depict characters using libraries to seek and use information. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative content analysis approach incorporating methods from information studies and game studies was applied. Tancheva's (2005) semiotic analysis of fictional libraries and Carr's (2019) textual approach provided the framing for the unique aspects of video games and their meanings. Carroll (2021)'s character analysis and Chatman (1996)'s theory on insiders–outsiders dynamic underpinned the data collection and analysis. The purposive sample included 15 video games released since 2010. Findings: Video games depict game characters visiting libraries to solve short-term problems, to gain knowledge to improve themselves or to bond with others. Protagonists are often depicted as adventurers or outsiders who must adapt to unfamiliar places and situations to achieve their wider objectives. In these games, libraries provide useful documents, spaces or helpful guides and intellectuals who assist the protagonists. As outsiders, the protagonists seek information in libraries to help them learn about their environments and to immerse themselves in the local histories and cultures in their worlds. Overall, these depictions highlight both short- and long-term benefits of library use. Originality/value: As with existing studies, the ways in which fictional library use appear in video games can suggest real needs and desires among library users. The findings from this study emphasise the importance of library services and spaces that help users both address short-term problems and immerse themselves in local concerns, with longer-term goals. Applying different research methods or lenses to analysing video games could deepen our understanding of what library users think and feel when they seek and use information in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, several research topics are presented that provide productive avenues of exploration for students in an undergraduate cryptography course. The topics are intended for a variety of skill levels and interests. In some cases, a student might be inspired to try to solve the proposed problem or write computer code. Other topics might motivate them to learn new mathematics or algorithms, or research a historical event or person. In all cases, a short description of the topic is given along with several references that can be used as a starting point for student research. The author also describes some challenges and recommendations when teaching a course where a project is a main component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]