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To date, studies on the effects of grandparenting on grandparents' health and well‐being do not reach the same conclusion and most of them have been conducted in developed countries. We add to this literature by examining the causal relationship between grandparenting and grandparents' health and well‐being in Vietnam, where the social norm and reciprocal relationships between adult children and their older parents are strong. We used instrumental variable estimations to address the endogeneity issue of the decision to provide care. Using the national survey on older persons in Vietnam, we found that grandparenting care had positive effects on psychological well‐being, life satisfaction, and self‐rated health of grandparents. We also found that the effects were heterogenous by caregiver's gender, in which grandmothers were more beneficial from caregiving tasks than grandfathers. Further exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects revealed that improvements in memory and stronger social networks were potential channels through which grandparenting might improve the health and well‐being of grandparents. Our findings support the theory of role enhancement, suggesting that grandparents can have health and well‐being benefits from grandparenting. Policies aiming at strengthening old age protection and family relationships should be advocated to sustain the subjective well‐being of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper extends academic debates occurring in the discursive intersections between childhood studies and tourist studies. Drawing on theoretical concepts devised by Mikhail Bakhtin and Erving Goffman, it employs a critical discourse analysis that focuses on the representation of tourists in selected travel-themed episodes of three popular children's television series. This study investigates how travel experiences and practices of touristic consumption are discursively constructed and interrogates how this tourist discourse is implicated in relationships performed by children and adults or authority figures in these narratives. The findings imply that children's travel-themed television narratives both challenge and reinforce cultural assumptions about tourist behaviour. This paper highlights how literary devices such as carnivalesque humour and anthropomorphism are employed to convey cultural messages and touristic themes. It also demonstrates that critical discourse analysis is an effective framework for explaining and understanding the various social interactions, roles, and relationships portrayed in these narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From Debtor to Friend. How Parents Can Establish a Successful Relationship with their Adult-Children according to Aristotle and John Locke A lot of parents and children struggle to maintain a successful parent-child-relationship, once the children have grown-up. Since this struggle is not limited to the 21st century, but can be encountered throughout history, as evidenced by the remarks of Aristotle and Locke, a look at the thoughts of the aforementioned pedagogues can help us not only better understand the struggle, but also to find a practical solution to this problem. Both Locke and Aristotle provide meaningful insight to the difficulties parents face during the transition of their child from the role of being their child to the role of an independent adult, but also outline an effective method for parents to initiate the beginning of a fulfilling relationship with their adult children. A method, that can best be described as: Transforming an unequal friendship between debtor and creditor into an equal friendship between friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter presents perspectives on child empowerment from diverse authors in different countries. They were invited to contribute short opinion pieces on what child empowerment means to them, based on their respective policy, research or practice contexts. This chapter weaves a narrative of these different perspectives, highlighting similarities and differences among the diverse responses. It concludes by reiterating a common finding that is presented throughout this publication: Child empowerment requires adults to break traditional silos, and to work with a range of actors including children who should be seen as key stakeholders in these discussions. Effective policy and practice requires a multi-sectoral and multistakeholder approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maltreatment type, severity, and chronicity are predictors of poor youth outcomes, yet youth reported perpetrators of abuse have gone largely unstudied. Little is known about variation in perpetration across youth characteristics (e.g., age, gender, placement type) and abuse features. This study aims to describe youth reported perpetrators of victimization within a foster care sample. 503 youth in foster care (ages 8–21 years) reported on experiences of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Follow up questions assessed abuse frequency and perpetrators. Mann-Whitney U Tests were used to compare central tendency differences in number of perpetrators reported across youth characteristics and victimization features. Biological caregivers were commonly endorsed perpetrators of physical and psychological abuse, though youth also reported high levels of peer victimization. For sexual abuse, non-related adults were commonly reported perpetrators, however, youth reported higher levels of victimization from peers. Older youth and youth residing in residential care reported higher numbers of perpetrators; girls reported more perpetrators of psychological and sexual abuse as compared to boys. Abuse severity, chronicity, and number of perpetrators were positively associated, and number of perpetrators differed across abuse severity levels. Perpetrator count and type may be important features of victimization experiences, particularly for youth in foster care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this commentary, I argue that including and operationalizing allostatic processes will become increasingly important in future research on parent–child biobehavioral coregulation. In particular, the conceptualization and modeling of dyadic oscillatory rhythms that align in expected ways with the child's developmental stage and that distinguish typical and atypical development will be useful in future work. Despite the inherent asymmetry characteristic of parent–child relationships, we should not forget to consider the child's effects on the parent within and across time, the additional environmental demands upon parents that shape parent–child coregulation, and variations in parent–child asymmetry by parental risk factors. Studying risk factors that are dyadic in nature, such as child maltreatment, may be particularly informative in gaining a deeper understanding of how parent–child coregulation interfaces with developmental psychopathology. To best model parent–child coregulation as a dynamic system, it will be critical to employ more nonlinear analytic models and better represent the multiple hierarchical domains of coregulation and their interactions, including affect, cognition, behavior, and biology. Finally, in future research, a deeper application of existing dyadic and dynamic theories, as well as the generation of new dyadic developmental theories, will aid us in obtaining a stronger understanding of the developmental function and intervention implications of parent–child biobehavioral coregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explored the association between the structural quality of child care, caregivers' sensitive responsiveness, children's involvement in play and activity in the setting, and children's expression of aggression. Eighty-four early childhood care settings were classified into either high (29) or low structural quality (55) based on group size and caregivers-children ratio. Caregivers and children (14-17 months) were filmed in various episodes. Findings showed that sensitive responsiveness of caregivers in highquality settings was significantly higher than in low-quality settings. Level of aggression in the group was lower in high-quality than in low-quality settings. We found a significant positive correlation between emotional responsiveness and involvement in high-quality but not low-quality settings. The findings demonstrate that structural quality is a necessary condition for ensuring process quality and facilitating beneficial relationships between adults and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issue of elder abuse, which is a complex and hidden problem that violates the human rights of older people. The World Health Organization predicts that the number of older people experiencing abuse globally will reach 320 million by 2050. Elder abuse can take various forms, including physical, sexual, psychological, emotional, financial, and neglect. It occurs in relationships where there is an expectation of trust, such as with family members and professional helpers. Factors such as loneliness, isolation, gender, family dynamics, and financial dependence contribute to the risk of elder abuse. Despite its prevalence, elder abuse has not received as much public attention as other forms of family violence. Many older people do not seek formal help for elder abuse but try to take informal action to stop the abuse. Nurses play a crucial role in recognizing, responding to, and preventing elder abuse through education, vigilance, and advocacy. It is important to challenge ageist stereotypes and attitudes and promote cultures of respect for older people. Nurses should be vigilant, develop the skills to identify vulnerable situations, and create spaces for older people to discuss their concerns. They should also undertake regular screening for elder abuse and respond appropriately by providing support and advocating for places of safety. Nurses should work with carers to raise awareness and promote respect for older people. Systemic changes, policies, and resources are needed to reduce elder abuse and enforce laws that protect older people. [Extracted from the article]

The study attempts to assess the intensity of various forms of peer violence in the school environment. The research allows for a broader exploration of the phenomenon of violence and the identification of most common forms of violence, places where it occurs, the competences to deal with the problem and the specifics of students’search for social support. The analysis of the research results shows the perspectives of parents, teachers and students on the awareness of the occurrence of indirect or direct aggressive behaviours, proving insight into the extent to which these three groups communicate with each other. The data obtained allow to answer the question whether this problem is noticed to a similar extent by parents, teachers and students. The results of own research showed many differences between teachers, parents and students in the awareness of the occurrence of peer violence, which indicates the need to consider the role of the adult-child relationship in the effectiveness of preventive interventions. In addition, in the discussion were proposed forms of violence prevention and the possibility of seeking information and psychological support for both students and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During development we transition from coregulation (where regulatory processes are shared between child and caregiver) to self‐regulation. Most early coregulatory interactions aim to manage fluctuations in the infant's arousal and alertness; but over time, coregulatory processes become progressively elaborated to encompass other functions such as sociocommunicative development, attention and executive control. The fundamental aim of coregulation is to help maintain an optimal 'critical state' between hypo‐ and hyperactivity. Here, we present a dynamic framework for understanding child–caregiver coregulatory interactions in the context of psychopathology. Early coregulatory processes involve both passive entrainment, through which a child's state entrains to the caregiver's, and active contingent responsiveness, through which the caregiver changes their behaviour in response to behaviours from the child. Similar principles, of interactive but asymmetric contingency, drive joint attention and the maintenance of epistemic states as well as arousal/alertness, emotion regulation and sociocommunicative development. We describe three ways in which active child–caregiver regulation can develop atypically, in conditions such as Autism, ADHD, anxiety and depression. The most well‐known of these is insufficient contingent responsiveness, leading to reduced synchrony, which has been shown across a range of modalities in different disorders, and which is the target of most current interventions. We also present evidence that excessive contingent responsiveness and excessive synchrony can develop in some circumstances. And we show that positive feedback interactions can develop, which are contingent but mutually amplificatory child–caregiver interactions that drive the child further from their critical state. We discuss implications of these findings for future intervention research, and directions for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adults' views and behaviors toward children can vary from being supportive to shockingly abusive, and there are significant unanswered questions about the psychological factors underpinning this variability. Objective: The present research examined the content of adults' attitudes toward children to address these questions. Method: Ten studies (N = 4702) identified the factor structure of adults' descriptions of babies, toddlers, and school‐age children and examined how the resulting factors related to a range of external variables. Results: Two factors emerged—affection toward children and stress elicited by them—and this factor structure was invariant across the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Africa. Affection uniquely captures emotional approach tendencies, concern for others, and broad positivity in evaluations, experiences, motivations, and donation behavior. Stress relates to emotional instability, emotional avoidance, and concern about disruptions to a self‐oriented, structured life. The factors also predict distinct experiences in a challenging situation—home‐parenting during COVID‐19 lockdown—with affection explaining greater enjoyment and stress explaining greater perceived difficulty. Affection further predicts mentally visualizing children as pleasant and confident, whereas stress predicts mentally visualizing children as less innocent. Conclusions: These findings offer fundamental new insights about social cognitive processes in adults that impact adult–child relationships and children's well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cohort study examines 4 waves of data from the Boricua Youth Study to determine what sociocultural resilience factors in childhood are associated with better young adult mental health in the context of adverse childhood experiences. Key Points: Question: What childhood sociocultural resilience factors are relevant in the context of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)? Finding: This cohort study found that positive adult-child relationships were associated with a lower odds of later young adulthood depression and anxiety disorders regardless of exposure to ACEs. Higher family religiosity, unexpectedly, was associated with more perceived stress when ACEs were high. Meaning: Positive relationships with parents and with nonparental adults during childhood may reduce the risk of later mental disorders regardless of exposure to ACEs, but factors involving sources of meaning, such as family religiosity, may not be protective among children highly exposed to ACEs. Importance: Knowledge about childhood resilience factors relevant in circumstances of marginalization and high numbers of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can improve interventions. Objective: To identify sociocultural resilience factors in childhood that are associated with better young adult mental health in the context of ACEs. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study examined 4 waves of data from the Boricua Youth Study, which included Puerto Rican children from the South Bronx, New York, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Participants were aged 5 to 17 years at waves 1 through 3 (2000-2003) and aged 15 to 29 years at wave 4 (2013-2017). Linear and logistic regression models tested the associations of 7 childhood resilience factors and their interaction with ACEs on young adult mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed from June 2021 to October 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures: Perceived stress, major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder (MDD/GAD), and substance use disorder (SUD) in young adulthood. Results: Among a total 2004 participants, the mean (SD) age at wave 4 was 22.4 (2.9) years; 1024 participants (51.1%) were female, and 980 (48.9%) were male. Positive parent-child relationships and nonparental adult support during childhood were associated with both lower perceived stress (β = −0.14; SE = 0.02; P <.001; β = −0.08; SE = 0.03; P =.003, respectively) and lower odds of MDD/GAD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.97; aOR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.95, respectively) in young adulthood. Maternal warmth reported during childhood was also associated with lower young adult perceived stress (β = −0.11; SE = 0.02; P <.001). None of the resilience factors were associated with SUD. The resilience factors familism, friendships, and family religiosity were not associated with any of the mental health outcomes. ACEs were associated with poorer mental health outcomes; however, none of the resilience factors exhibited interactions consistent with being protective for ACEs. Unexpectedly, higher family religiosity was associated with more perceived stress in the presence of higher ACEs. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this study suggest that promoting positive relationships with adults during childhood may reduce later young adulthood stress and MDD/GAD. However, there is still a need to identify sociocultural childhood protective factors for ACEs. Caution should be taken in assuming what resilience factors are relevant for a given group, as higher family religiosity (one postulated resilience factor) was unexpectedly associated with a stronger, rather than a weaker, association between ACEs and perceived stress in young adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, examines the continuity and discontinuity of mother-infant interactions in infants born preterm. The study found that discontinuity in interactions was associated with better outcomes, but was less likely in preterm infants. Maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were higher in dyads that changed their scores from 3 to 9 months compared to those that maintained the same score. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of prematurity on parent-infant relationships and developmental trajectories. It includes references to sources discussing affect attunement, neurobehavioral and social-emotional development, and social interaction. [Extracted from the article]

Despite evidence of the impact of adult children's migration on left-behind older parents, the comparison of left-behind older parents' mental health and psychological well-being between internal and international migration is limited. This article examines how the relationship between adult children's migration and parent's mental health differs according to the migrant's destination — only internal migration, only international migration, or hybrid migration (at least one child who migrated internally and at least one child who migrated internationally). Drawing on a 2019 cross-sectional population-based survey of 697 left-behind older adults (≥ 60 years) in Nepal, we assessed the mental health of older parents, using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and a range of socio-demographic, health, lifestyle, and child-related characteristics. Multilevel mixed-method linear regression was performed to examine the effect of adult children's migration on left-behind older parents' depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Results showed that parents whose children had all migrated internationally were at higher risk of mental health problems, particularly anxiety and stress, compared to parents whose children had all migrated internally. Older parents from the hybrid group (having both internal and international migrant adult children) had higher levels of anxiety, compared to parents whose children had all migrated internally, with no significant difference in depression and stress symptoms. Further, mothers of internationally migrated children were at higher risk of mental health symptoms than fathers. Interventions aiming to improve left-behind older parents' mental health and psychological well-being should specifically target parents whose children have migrated internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining adolescent mental health is a significant public health concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and stay-at-home orders have led to missed social connections with peers and adults outside households, and this has increased the risk of mental health problems in children and adolescents, particularly those with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Studies have shown that strong interpersonal support improves adolescent mental health. We examined the association between ACEs and poor mental health (including stress, anxiety, and depression) and how the presence of interpersonal support from caring adults and friends and school connectedness can mitigate this relationship among adolescents in Arizona. This study analyzed data from the 2021 Arizona Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS; n = 1181), a population-based survey conducted biennially across the United States. The Arizona sample included high school students in grades 9–12 who were enrolled in public and charter schools. This study revealed that nearly three of four adolescents experienced an ACE, and one of five experienced ≥4 ACEs. Compared with adolescents who experienced zero ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs experienced less interpersonal support from caring adults, friends, and school and more frequently reported poor mental health and suicidal thoughts. However, adolescents with interpersonal support consistently reported lower rates of mental health issues, even with exposure to multiple ACEs. Post-pandemic programs to improve social relationships with adults, peers, and schools are critical, especially for adolescents with multiple adversities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first evidence of the causal relationship between adult children's schooling and changes in parental health in the short and long term. By using supply-side variation in schooling as an instrument for adult children's education and a representative dataset for rural China, we find that adult children' education has a positive influence on the long-term changes in parental health, with limited evidence of any short-term effect. Our results remain consistent after a variety of sensitivity tests. The heterogeneous analyses show differences in socio-economic status and gender, with low-educated parents and mothers being the primary beneficiaries of children's schooling. Potential mechanisms for the long-term effects of adult children's education on changes in parental health include better chronic disease management, improved access to health, sanitation, and clean fuel facilities, improved psychological well-being, and reduced smoking behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the role of the arts in education through a detailed sharing of a research project, Hum Hindustani, on children and citizenship. Using examples of work co-created with children in art workshops for the project, the article offers an understanding of the place of the arts in the classroom to provoke a larger conversation that can lead to meaningful ways of engaging with children. It looks at questions of children's voice, authenticity and positionality to argue for a reflexive teaching practice that can challenge pedagogies that emphasise tests and results, and instead allow for the development of the whole individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from the Journal of Biblical Counseling explores the often overlooked stage of life known as the empty nest. It discusses the challenges faced by individuals during this transition period, including physical health, finances, relationships, social connections, emotions, and spirituality. The article emphasizes the need for support and understanding from family, friends, and the church during this stage of life. It also encourages individuals to find meaning in their relationship with God and offers hope for embracing the future with optimism and a willingness to explore new opportunities. [Extracted from the article]

Objective Parents and their infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) face relational challenges, including marked distress, early separations, and infant hospitalizations and medical procedures, yet the prevalence of parent-infant interaction difficulties remains unclear. Using a standardized observational paradigm, this study investigated mother-infant dyadic synchrony, interactional patterns, and associated predictors in mother-infant pairs affected by CHD, compared with typically-developing pairs. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal cohort study, mothers and their infants requiring cardiac surgery before age 6-months (n =110 pairs) and an age- and sex-matched Australian community sample (n =85 pairs) participated in a filmed, free-play interaction at 6.9±1.0 months. Mother-infant dyadic synchrony, maternal and infant interactional patterns, and relational risk were assessed using the Child-Adult Relationship Experimental (CARE) Index. Maternal and infant predictors were assessed at 32 weeks gestation, 3- and 6-months postpartum. Results Most mother-infant interactions were classified as "high risk" or "inept" (cardiac: 94%, control: 81%; p =.007). Dyadic synchrony (p <.001), maternal sensitivity (p =.001), and infant cooperativeness (p =.001) were lower for cardiac than control pairs. Higher maternal traumatic stress at 6-months postpartum predicted lower dyadic synchrony for mother-infant pairs affected by CHD (B =−.04, p =.03). Dyadic synchrony was higher among older infants in the total (B =.40, p =.003) but not cardiac sample (B =.24, p =.06). Conclusions Relational difficulties were almost universal among mother-infant pairs affected by CHD and were also high in the Australian community sample. Widespread education initiatives are recommended to increase awareness of heightened mother-infant relational risk in congenital heart care and well-child settings, alongside relationally-focused prevention and early intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Miltefosine is the first and only oral medication to be successfully utilized as an antileishmanial agent. However, the drug is associated with differences in exposure patterns and cure rates among different population groups e.g. ethnicity and age (i.e., children v adults) in clinical trials. In this work, mechanistic population physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been developed to study the dose-exposure–response relationship of miltefosine in in silico clinical trials and evaluate the differences in population groups, particularly children and adults. Methods: The Simcyp population pharmacokinetics platform was employed to predict miltefosine exposure in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a virtual population under different dosing regimens. The cure rate of a simulation was based on the percentage of number of the individual virtual subjects with AUCd0-28 > 535 µg⋅day/mL in the virtual population. Results: It is shown that both adult and paediatric PBPK models of miltefosine can be developed to predict the PK data of the clinical trials accurately. There was no significant difference in the predicted dose-exposure–response of the miltefosine treatment for different simulated ethnicities under the same dose regime and the dose-selection strategies determined the clinical outcome of the miltefosine treatment. A lower cure rate of the miltefosine treatment in paediatrics was predicted because a lower exposure of miltefosine was simulated in virtual paediatric in comparison with adult virtual populations when they received the same dose of the treatment. Conclusions: The mechanistic PBPK model suggested that the higher fraction of unbound miltefosine in plasma was responsible for a higher probability of failure in paediatrics because of the difference in the distribution of plasma proteins between adults and paediatrics. The developed PBPK models could be used to determine an optimal miltefosine dose regime in future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Freedom without external determination? Maturity from the beginning? The discomfort with education in discourses about education, participation, and children's rights" discusses the issue of education and autonomy. It argues that the rejection of the concept of education neglects fundamental pedagogical problems. Various pedagogical theories on the relationship between education and autonomy are discussed, with maturity being considered the goal of education. It emphasizes that education is a necessary prerequisite for autonomy and that the transition to maturity is a demanding educational process. It also discusses whether children should have complete autonomy and equal rights, and provides examples that show that this can be problematic. The text emphasizes the importance of children's participation and the goal of a democratic relationship between children and adults. It points out that reflecting on the limits and contradictions of participatory education is necessary and that the rights of the child must also be respected when interfering with autonomy. It argues that guardianship in education is necessary, but under conditions of uncertainty about the appropriateness and effects of actions. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores the occurrence of violence in children's everyday lives in different places in school and school-age educare. School-age educare is a Swedish institution providing care before and after school. The study is based on interviews, observations, and walk-and-talk sessions with 11 children in a school-age educare institution. A thematic analysis informed by the theoretical concepts of Doreen Massey (space and place) and Johan Galtung (direct, structural, and cultural violence) was conducted. Three themes were developed: spaces of tense waiting; popup yard spaces; and ignored spaces in the woods. The results show that physical and psychological violence arises in the schoolyard, gym, and canteen. The staff did not always pay attention to the violence that occurred, and the children found ways to navigate and handle violence by avoiding certain places. They also used relationships with children and adults for their support. This study examines the everyday life in which direct and cultural violence occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a highly prevalent concern that carries lifelong consequences for the survivor. Many instances of CSA may be prevented when people correctly recognize precursory behaviors to abuse; however, research has shown that people's biases color their perceptions of behavior. Past research demonstrated sexual and gender minority adults are more likely to erroneously be seen as predators and face harsher consequences compared to straight adults. The current study examined how knowledge of adults' sexual orientation influenced perceptions regarding the nature of adult-child interactions. Participants in the current study read a series of vignettes describing interactions between adults and children where the adult sexual orientation (straight male, gay male) and the gender of the child (male, female) were manipulated. Participants then indicated whether they believed the behavior to be predatory or innocuous. Participants were less likely to recognize dangerous behaviors when the adult was described as a straight man interacting with a male child, suggesting that harmful adult-child interactions are more likely to go undetected in these instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the opinions of 116 Finnish children (mainly aged under 12 years), who were child welfare clients in 2021 regarding how their voices and needs should be heard and met by employees of this system. An abductive thematic analysis revealed that the nature of their participation is connected to Amartya Sen's capability approach. Children considered their rights and capabilities, the possibility to make choices and being safeguarded as important. We found that encounters with employees introduced young children to how society views them and how they can impact the course of their own lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor acts as the entry point for the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene may alter viral binding, regulate the expression of ACE2, and thus, affect disease severity. In this study, 68 COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of severity and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. The genetic landscape of the ACE2 gene was explored by whole exome sequencing of 29 individuals, and specific regions of ACE2 were analyzed for the rest of the participants via PCR, followed by barcode-tagged sequencing. The mean soluble ACE2 level in the plasma of healthy controls and patients did not vary significantly but was higher in the patient group (3.77 ± 1.55 ng/mL vs. 3.94 ± 1.42 ng/mL). Analysis of exon 1, exon 2, and exon 8 of the ACE2 gene revealed that these regions are highly conserved in our population. Investigation of exon 11 and its flanking intronic region revealed that deletions in a stretch of 18T nucleotides in the noncoding region significantly decrease ACE2 levels in plasma, as individuals harboring wild-type variants had higher plasma ACE2 levels compared to those harboring T1del, T2del, and T3del variants. However, the intronic variants were not found to be significantly associated with disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Involvement of grandparents in grandchildren's lives is important for grandchild well-being. Studies suggest that the quality of relationships between grandparents and their adult children may "spill over" to the quality of their relationships with their grandchildren. However, no research has tested whether grandparent alcohol use disorder (AUD) disrupts intergenerational relationships. This is important because grandchildren may not benefit from closeness with grandparents with AUD. In a sample of 295 parents and their children (N = 604) from a larger longitudinal study oversampled for familial AUD, this study tested whether grandparents (G1, "Generation 1") with AUD had poorer relationships with their adult children (G2 "Generation 2") in terms of greater stress and less support provided and less closeness with their grandchildren (G3, "Generation 3"). We also tested whether poorer G1–G2 relationship quality predicted less G1–G3 closeness. Finally, we tested whether effects of G1 AUD on G1–G3 closeness were explained by G1–G2 relationship quality. Separate models were estimated for maternal and paternal grandparents. We found evidence for three indirect effects. First, G1 maternal grandparent AUD predicted greater stress in the G1 grandmother–G2 mother relationship, which was associated with greater closeness between maternal grandmothers and grandchildren. This indirect effect was replicated in G1 paternal grandfathers and G2 fathers. Additionally, G1 paternal grandparent AUD was associated with lower levels of support provided from G1 grandfathers to G2 fathers, which predicted less closeness between paternal grandfathers and grandchildren. The results demonstrate complex intergenerational effects of AUD on family relationships and consistent with the hypothesized "spillover" effect of intergenerational relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educators and researchers consider vocabulary development foundational in young children's language and literacy learning and for academic achievement; adult-child shared book reading is potentially a rich site for word learning and concept development. In this article, we report on how an immigrant father and his four year old daughter, English Language Learners living in a community identified as "vulnerable", attended to words and their meanings in two shared reading sessions. Results indicate the father enacted a number of strategies including: verbal explanations; providing verbal explanations and pointing to the relevant illustration; referencing the child's previous experiences; and using demonstration and gesture. The findings challenge some of the assumptions about immigrant families and families living in "vulnerable" communities, as well as the role of fathers in young children's language and literacy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of voluntary reunification from the perspectives of adult alienated children and targeted parents. Methods: Nine adult alienated children and 12 targeted parents participated in semi-structured interviews which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. Results: Six themes emerged in the data from the adult alienated children including catalysts for reunification, factors influencing reunification, adult alienated child relationships, the role of communication in reunification, adult alienated child understandings of alienation post reunification, and the role of therapy in reunification. Three themes emerged from the targeted parents including what is reunification, factors impacting reunification, and life after reunification. Discussion: Findings from the present study offer novel insights into the experience of voluntary reunification from the perspectives of both adult alienated children and targeted parents. They illustrate that voluntary reunification is a process that takes time. This process can span decades and can include periods of connection and rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined whether interventions in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, institutions for infants (Baby Homes) that increased caregiver sensitivity (Training Only) or both caregiver sensitivity and consistency (Training plus Structural Changes: T + SC) versus care as usual (No Intervention: NoI), and the type of post-institutional (PI) families (Relatives versus Non-Relatives) in relation to the length of institutionalization would be associated with caregiver-child interaction advantages in the families. The Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (Clark, 1985) method was used to assess the caregiver-child interactions at the stages of ≤24 months (n = 55), and 25-48 months of family placement (n = 48). Results suggest that at the stage of 24 months several interactional characteristics were better in families with children from T + SC than from NoI, especially the longer time children spent in these BH, and in families of Non-Relatives than Relatives. At 25-48 months, children in Non-Relative families displayed more Activity and Quality of Exploratory Play than in Relative families. Overall, these results suggest that at ≤24 months in PI families, advantages in caregiver-child interaction might be associated with better institutional caregiving and the type of families, whereas at 25-48 months it might be related only to the type of families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we share our reflections on how childism has enabled us to navigate theoretical assumptions shaping our field and develop new positions and research practices fostering child–adult interdependencies. Justyna Deszcz‐Tryhubczak has relied on childism as a framework for the introduction of participatory research with young readers as a way for advancing child–adult collaboration. Macarena García‐González has deployed childism to think about adultism and its analogies to sexism. Although we offer a critique of childism as an essentializing concept, we also show how for both of us it has served as a gateway towards other approaches, and especially post‐anthropocentric understandings both of texts, readers and the world and of our critical engagements. Finally, we argue that childism may remain a productive starting point for further openings in children's literature and culture studies and childhood studies if it becomes a plural and messy notion that questions the discourse of hope for a better future as defining children's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article compares Swedish and German social work, including policy documents, and discusses the policies of these two countries regarding the implementation of children's rights in social work practice. The analysis focuses on two main concepts that are used in social work practice: the concept of a child perspective in Sweden and the concept of participation in Germany. This study aims to investigate the ideas, values and guidelines mediated by political institutions to social workers in the field. The results showed that both the Swedish and German policy documents gave the distinct impression that the concepts had been properly implemented and formed part of child welfare practice. In the Swedish context, the idea of both making children visible and the formal aspects were highlighted, whereas in Germany, participation was related to an educational discourse. However, it is argued here that the discourses suggest that there is unequal relationship between children and adults, and we conclude that social workers must contribute to the child's status as an active subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children learn about much of the world through testimony and may hear explicit belief statements (e.g., "I believe in God" or "climate change is real") about entities whose existence is controversial. Prior research has shown that these statements, when spoken by a parent, influence children's beliefs about the reality status of the entity and their beliefs about societal consensus surrounding that reality status, in contrast to statements that only imply belief (e.g., "God lives in heaven"; Dore et al., 2019, Journal of Cognition and Development, 20, 35), suggesting that children are attuned to the nature of parental statements about reality. In the current study, we tested whether explicit versus implicit belief statements from strangers differentially affect children's beliefs. We followed procedures by Dore et al. (2019, Journal of Cognition and Development, 20, 35) but used strangers to provide testimony rather than parents. Results showed that explicit belief statements from strangers did not influence children's beliefs. This lack of an effect of explicit belief statements relative to implicit ones suggests that, despite being attuned to these statements when spoken by parents, children may not be attuned to explicit statements about reality that they hear from strangers. Although even very young children often learn words and other facts from unfamiliar speakers, these findings suggest that nuances perceived in parent speech about reality may not be picked up in the speech of strangers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical certificate issued by the Maison Départementale des Personnes Handicapées (MDPH) makes it possible to collect essential information for MDPH's multidisciplinary team in order to assess the child's compensation needs. This third sheet highlights the essential elements that should be included in the certificate and lists the main impairments and activity limitations in the case of a child with an autism spectrum disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the relationship between filial obligation and caregiver depression across cultures. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Methods: Twelve databases were reviewed for dissertations and peer‐reviewed articles on filial obligation and caregiver depression among adult children, published before January 2020. In total, 476 titles and abstracts were retrieved. Final analysis included six studies; of these, four were included in the meta‐analysis. Results: Fixed‐effects model indicated that a stronger perception of filial obligation was associated with increased depressive symptoms among caregivers across cultures (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.04, 0.24], p < 0.01, N = 394). However, a non‐significant effect size in the correlation between these two variables was found in samples predominated by Caucasian and mixed‐blood caregivers (r = 0.03, 95% CI [−0.03, 0.10], p > 0.05, N = 880). Therefore, caregivers' perceptions of filial obligation should be clinically assessed and normalised to reduce their depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how a fear of falling affects perceptions and behavioral intentions toward age-friendly home modification (AFHM) in older parents and adult children by integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explain AFHM decision-making processes and the protection motivation theory to explain the impact of a fear of falling on AFHM intention. The target population comprised older parents (≥75 years old) and adult children (45–64 years old) in Busan, South Korea (N = 600). The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire in March 2022. Independent t-test and path model analyses were conducted to compare primary constructs between older parents and adult children and analyze the relationships among a fear of falling, TPB components, and AFHM intention. Results showed that both groups had positive attitudes toward AFHM. However, adult children showed significantly higher rates of having a fear of falling, lower perceived behavioral control, and higher AFHM intention than older parents. The proposed research models were partially supported in the older-parent group and fully supported in the adult-children group. Adult children play a critical role in AFHM, along with older adults who are directly involved in an aging society. AFHM-supporting programs, including monetary and human-force assistance, education, related public advertisements, and an active AFHM market, should be expanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents students' ideas about the application of the fairy tale and social story as additional alternative ways to upgrade and optimize the impact of traditional ones in the process of inclusive education of children with special educational needs in kindergarten and primary school. The concept of social story is used as a proven practice when working with children and adults with disorders in communication and social skills, as well as for building positive relationships with children and adults with typical development The development and imposition of the fairy tale as a tool and method is used by more and more specialists – they use fairy tale therapy. А few years ago, the question was will there be an inclusive and supportive environment provided for all children and students in the preschool and school educational system. Today the question is how. The goal of all participants in inclusive education is to provide an emotional, supportive and developmental environment that stimulates the communication skills of the child with special educational needs, improving and perfecting his social skills, as well as those of children with typical development. i.e. education for all. Considering these two groups of children and students as equals in the process of inclusive education leads to an increase in the sensitivity that is needed when working with children with special educational needs and at the same time contributes to the progress of their behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescent dating violence (ADV) continues to be a health concern. Most previous research has examined physical and or sexual ADV with little attention to verbal violence. Methods: Drawing on the social‐ecological framework, the current study examined the moderating influence of school adult connectedness on experiences of verbal only, physical and/or sexual violence (combination ADV), and mental health outcomes among 11th graders (n = 31,459) in one Midwestern state. Results: Overall, 24.0% and 28.8% of adolescents met thresholds for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Rates of mental health symptoms were higher among adolescents reporting ADV compared to those who did not report experience of ADV. In logistic regressions, higher level of school adult connectedness was associated with lower odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In moderation analyses, school adult connectedness was protective for mental health outcomes regardless of ADV experience. Conclusion: Adolescent dating violence—including verbal violence alone—can be traumatic for young people. Schools can leverage the protective nature of school adult connection to promote mental health for all students, including adolescents who have experienced ADV. Incorporating trauma‐informed education practice of providing unconditional positive regard toward adolescents might be 1‐way schools can support adolescents in cultivating healthy relationships and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies adults' responses to children's requests by focusing on turns that account for not granting the request on the grounds of involvement in another activity, i.e., multiactivity. The data consist of everyday interactions among family members at homes and in cars. The collection – 17 request sequences – is analysed with the conversation analytic method. We show the following: first, account turns verbalise either the ongoing or the requested activity, or both; second, account turns are a practice for foregrounding and communicating "exclusive order", i.e., they indicate that two progressing activities intersect with each other and cannot be progressed simultaneously, and that one activity is prioritised over another; third, account turns are used either to suspend or abandon the course of action initiated by the request; fourth, accounts – through various sequential and turn design features – display adults' level of commitment to resuming and returning to the requested activity later; and, finally, accounts indicating high commitment negotiate the "sequential implicativenesses" of the intersecting courses of action, displaying orientation to progress initiated activities. Accounts that display partial or no commitment frame the prioritisation of an activity in terms of "incapability" or "unwillingness" to progress the request sequence and thereby construct the "limits of multiactivity" in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcissism is a personality trait characterised by selfishness, coldness, entitlement, and grandiosity. There has been much research on different parenting dimensions and their relationship to narcissism in grown-up children, with a notable lack of studies investigating the influence of narcissistic parents on their children. This study focused on individuals' experiences in romantic relationships, using personal narratives from a popular 'Reddit' community for people who perceived to have grown up with narcissistic parents. Using an inductive thematic analysis on 77 Reddit posts, we identified four themes: (i) Strategies and emotions in current relationships, (ii) behaviours and characteristics of partners and their families, (iii) parent intrusiveness in current relationships, and (iv) journey to realisation and recovery. Themes are discussed in relation to existing literature and theory. We add to the sparse literature on narcissistic parents' influence in adult relationships, highlighting the importance of process from parental behaviour to adult romantic relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Newham Communication Project a year-long professional development program that aims to help children aged two to three recover from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their communication skills. Topics include the project aims to improve early communication skills for children in private and community nursery settings; it focus on children who are learning English as an additional language; the challenges faced by children in diverse, disadvantaged areas.

The use of numerous social media formats (SMFs) has grown exponentially over the past several years. In many cases it has become the sole source of communication, the sole source of entertainment, and, unfortunately in many instances it exhibits the characteristics of a disruptive behavior. As a result, it has interfered with fundamental relationships. The following research sought to examine if there is a negative correlation between the disruptive use of SMFs and an individual's early life attachments to parents and/or other adults. In order to determine if a correlation existed, the research participants completed 4 standardized questionnaires of which 3 measured early life attachments to mothers, fathers, and/or other adults and a single questionnaire that measured their later life disruptive use of a variety of SMFs. This research did identitfy a significant negative correlation does exist between the positive protective factor of early childhood attachments when measured against the risk factor of later life disruptive use of SMFs. This finding was true for research participants who identified only parental attachment figures but the strength of the correlation was enhanced when a research participant also identified an other adult as an early attachment figure. The research further identified that certain of the 9 subcategories of the Disruptive Use Scale were more significant for female research participants while other subcategories were more significant for male research participants. This research clearly establisheda robust negative correlation between research participants' early childhood attachment experiences and their later life disruptive use of SMFs. However, to generalize the above findings, additional research needs to be conducted that is more inclusive of a variety of research participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has demonstrated that teacher-student relationships characterized by high levels of closeness and low levels of conflict are associated with higher levels of academic achievement among children. At the same time: (a) some research suggests that the quality of teacher-student relationships in part reflects the quality of early caregiving, and (b) the observed quality of early care by primary caregivers robustly predicts subsequent academic achievement. Given the potential for associations between teacher-student relationship quality and academic achievement to thus be confounded by the quality of early parenting experiences, the present study examined to what extent children's experiences in early life with primary caregivers (i.e., ages 3 to 42 months) and relationships with teachers during grade school (i.e., Kindergarten to Grade 6) were uniquely associated with an objective assessment of academic achievement at age 16 years in a sample born into poverty (N = 267; 45% female; 65% White/non-Hispanic; 41% of mothers did not complete high school). Early maternal sensitivity, though a strong predictor of later academic achievement, was not reliably associated with either teacher-reports or interview-based assessments of teacher-student relationship quality in grade school. Nonetheless, early maternal sensitivity and teacher-student relationship quality were each uniquely associated with later academic achievement, above and beyond key demographic variables. Taken together, the present results highlight that the quality of children's relationships with adults at home and at school independently, but not interactively, predicted later academic achievement in a high-risk sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's perspectives on family-related adversities are important to social work practice and theory. Qualitative inquiry into children's personal narratives can contribute to a deeper understanding of their project of handling difficult relationships and experiences in the family context. The present study explores children's agency with a specific focus on how they negotiate difficult family-related relationships and experiences in, and through, their personal narratives. The analysis builds on teller-focused interviews with 22 children aged between 6 and 17 who receive support linked to their experiences of family-related adversities. The findings suggest that children negotiate difficult relationships and experiences in terms of closeness and distance. This is shown in their narrative practice of positioning and repositioning themselves and others in, and through, their telling. The findings are theorized in relation to the concepts of power and misrecognition. Finally, the implications for social work practice and research are discussed with an emphasis on how to promote a non-instrumental attitude to children's perspectives and experiences within the child welfare system. The present study suggests that this pursuit would benefit from a child-centered and narrative understanding of children and their knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two studies using large samples of jury-eligible adults tested whether hindsight influences perceptions of potential grooming behaviours. In study 1, participants (n = 371) were presented with vignettes describing five different interactions between an adult and children and rated the likelihood that these behaviours were indicative of sexual abuse in foresight and in hindsight. In hindsight, the ratings of the behaviours doubled in size, evidence of hindsight bias. This finding held even for participants who had received training on how to identify possible sexual abuse. Study 2 used the same stimuli but randomly assigned participants (n = 159) to a hindsight or not condition; estimates of the likelihood that the adult is a child molester were double the size in the former group compared to the latter group. These findings have implications for civil lawsuits occasioned by sexual abuse that occurs within youth-serving organisations. Two novel studies demonstrate the challenge of identifying child sexual abuse in foresight –even for individuals with specialised training in how to identify child sexual abuse—and how perceptions of the foreseeability of abuse change in hindsight. These findings have significant implications for civil lawsuits occasioned by sexual abuse that occurs within youth-serving organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author talks about how self-agency is related to learning to swim by explaining it deals with how adults interact with children in the water and during swimming. Topics discussed include the author stating that the sense of self to make one's own choices being the essence of self-agency, and the choice of saying no being a sign of one's personal discipline.