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Purpose: Blue sclera is a characteristic and common clinical sign of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). However, there is currently no widely accepted, objective method for assessing and grading blue sclera in individuals with OI. To address this medical need, this study is aimed to design and validate a new method called 'BLUES' (BLUe Eye Sclera) to objectively identify and quantify the blue color in the sclera of patients affected by OI. Methods: Sixty-two patients affected by OI and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in the present prospective study, for a total of 194 eyes analyzed. In the 'BLUES' procedure, eye images from patients with OI and control subjects were analyzed to assess and grade the blue level of the sclera using Adobe Photoshop Software. The validation process then involved comparing the results obtained with the 'BLUES' procedure to the judgement of experienced ophthalmologists (JEO). A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the overall discriminatory power. The sensitivity and specificity levels and the Cohen's Kappa (K) indexes of 'BLUES' and 'JEO' were estimated versus the standard OI diagnosis. The K indexes of 'BLUES' versus 'JEO' were also evaluated. Results: The optimal cut-off point of the scleral blue peak was calculated at 17%. Our findings demonstrated a sensitivity of 89% (CI95%: 0.835–0.945) and specificity of 87% (CI95%: 0.791–0.949) for the 'BLUES' procedure with an agreement versus the diagnosis of OI of 0.747. In comparison, the sensitivity and specificity of 'JEO' ranged from 89 to 94% and 77% to 100%, respectively, with an agreement ranging from 0.663 to 0.871 with the diagnosis of OI. The agreement between 'BLUES 'and 'JEO' evaluations ranged from 0.613 to 0.734. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated an 89% sensitivity and an impressive 87% specificity of our method to analyze the blue sclera in OI. The results indicated high agreement with disease diagnosis and were consistent with evaluations by experienced ophthalmologists. The 'BLUES' procedure appears to be a simple, reliable and objective method for effectively identify and quantify the blue color of the sclera in OI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human skull has always been used for victim identification in forensic odontology. The gender-dimorphic bone of the skull is the mandible. The gonial angle has frequently been investigated for gender estimation with variable results and requires further exploration. We aim to compare the efficacy of gonial angle estimation by ancient methods of lateral cephalometric tracing compared with more recent digital analysis methods for gender estimation in the Indian population. Lateral cephalograms of 191 (96 M and 95F) cases above the age of 17 years were retrieved. Cephalometric analysis of gonial angle on radiographs was done using both manual cephalometric tracing method and digitally using Adobe Photoshop software. The results were subjected to statistical analysis for evaluation. The mean gonial angle was higher in females (125.05; 123.77 and 125.28) than in males (122.583; 121.715 and 122.008) using both manual and digital methods. On applying the logistical regression analysis (LRA), the digital method showed the highest gender estimation accuracy of 60.7% followed by Burstone's analysis (57.1%) and manual conventional analysis (56.5%). Burstone's analysis (57.9%) correctly identified increased females, whereas digital analysis (62.5%) and manual conventional analysis (59.4%) accurately recognised increased males. The present study showed a higher gender estimation accuracy using digital methods as compared to manual methods, but it still lacks the credibility to be used as a sole factor for predicting the gender of an individual. Hence, a cumulative factor must be taken into consideration for gender identification which would provide more promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Predict intraocular lens position after cataract surgery using the IOL Master 700 and explore the associated ocular parameters compared with the results obtained from the anterior segment analysis system (Sirius, CSO Inc, Florence, Italy). Methods: A total of 98 patients (106 eyes) were included in the retrospective study. The postoperative intraocular lens position was obtained using the IOL Master 700 and measured using Adobe Illustrator software. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were applied to study the correlation between the actual position of the postoperative intraocular lens (ALP) and the ocular parameters. In addition, Bland–Altman consistency analysis was used to compare the consistency between any two among the predicted intraocular lens position (ALPi) obtained using IOL Master 700 biometry, the predicted artificial lens position (ALPs) calculated using the anterior segment analysis system, or the ALP. Results: Ocular parameters, including preoperative anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, white-to-white, and postoperative refractive error were all correlated with ALP after cataract surgery (P < 0.05) using univariate analysis. However, in multivariate linear regression, only the first three variables were correlated with ALP. Compared with the equation obtained by the anterior segment analysis, the equation from IOL Master 700 biometry provided a better fit. The results of the consistency analysis showed that ALP, ALPi, and ALPs were in good agreement. Conclusion: IOL Master 700 biometry can help predict intraocular lens position after surgery, and its accuracy is better than that provided by the anterior segment analysis system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identifying individuals by determining their body parameters plays a major role in criminal investigation. These parameters play an integral role in the identification of a person. Teeth, particularly canines, can help in identification, as they are the most stable teeth in the oral cavity because of the labiolingual thickness of the crown and root anchorage in the alveolar process. Aim: To establish a relationship, if any between the crown length of the maxillary canine tooth and the facial height of an adult individual and intersex differences. Materials and methods: This study was conducted at a dental college where patients reported for treatment. The study group comprised 100 participants (50 men and 50 women, aged 18-23 years. To measure the facial height, photographs were taken and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software. The face was divided into the upper, middle and lower thirds considering the hairlines, glabella, subnasalis, and menton as reference points. The length between the hairline and glabella is the upper facial height (UFH), that between the glabella and subnasalis is the middle facial height (MFH), and that between the subnasalis and menton is the lower facial height (LFH). For tooth measurements, impressions of the upper arches were made using alginate and dental stone casts were obtained. The length between the cervical line and cusp tip is the canine height(CH) and the mesiodistal length is the canine width(CW). Measurements of teeth were recorded using digital verniercalliper. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SSPS) version 16. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the correlation between facial height and canine height. Results: Total Facial Height (TFH), Canine Height (CH), Canine Width (CW) in males and females was done using descriptive statistics. This study demonstrated a correlation between TFH and CH in both men and women. This study showed that, as TFH increased, CH also increased. Therefore, TFH and CH were directly proportional, and hence there was a correlation between TFH and CH. Conclusion: The total facial and canine heights are directly proportional to each other. There is a correlation between the facial height and canine height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bio-acoustic features of animal’s voice can provide meaningful information about their biological and physical characteristics. The present study was conducted to get indicators of age from voice analysis and explore the relationship between voice features and seminal parameters in Sahiwal bulls. Methods: Voice samples were collected from healthy bulls (n=20), maintained at ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. Bulls were classified into two groups i.e. young bulls and adult bulls. The voice signals were analyzed by Adobe Premium software and acoustic features were extracted by using PRAAT software. Result: The mean of acoustic features viz. call duration (sec), mean intensity (dB), total energy (P2S), amplitude (P), pitch (Hz), unvoiced frame (%), jitter (%), bandwidth (Hz) mean N/H ratio (%) have been found significantly different while mean H/N ratio (dB), shimmer (%) and pulses were not found statistically (P>0.05) different between adult and young bulls. The seminal parameters viz mass activity (0-5 scale), individual progressive motility (%), live sperm count (%) and total sperm abnormality (%) were found significantly different between adult and young bulls. No significant association between voice features and semen quality of bulls was observed. Hence, voice signals of male might provide some clues about their age but for semen quality, there is further need to explore the interesting relationship between voice features and fertility of breeding bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gender determination is pivotal in establishing a biological profile of human remains, where fragments of the skull persist with unidentifiable dental arch data. Owing to the resistance and stability against external factors such as trauma and fractures, radiological assessment of the frontal sinus can be a useful indicator for sexual dimorphism. Keeping this in mind, a study was designed to analyse the efficacy of morphometric assessment of the frontal sinus for gender determination in the North Indian population. Materials and Method: A total of 300 (150 males and 150 females) lateral cephalograms of the age >20 years were retrieved. The frontal sinus index (ratio of maximum height to depth), area, and perimeter of the same were calculated using Adobe Photoshop software. The results obtained were further subjected to statistical analysis. Result and Conclusion: The study yielded an accuracy rate of 75.3% for sex differentiation. The frontal sinus perimeter was a novel parameter which was utilised as a variable in the obtained discriminant equation for sex differentiation. Thus, this cost-effective technique might be useful as an adjunct to assess sexual dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation and preservation of shadow puppet artifacts is an important task that requires accurate assessment of their preservation status. Currently, there are many shadow puppet artifacts in collections with varying degrees of deterioration, and an easy-to-use and accurate deterioration assessment method is urgently needed. To address this, this paper proposes a method to convert the color rendering characteristics of shadow puppet artifacts in two-dimensional images into digital information, which is used to create a pixel lattice in processing software Adobe Photoshop. The quantitative signal of the shadow puppet image is extracted and used to calculate the offset of the overall or local chromaticity of the shadow puppet relative to the average chromaticity, allowing for the assessment of the degree of cortical variation and risk of deterioration. A membership function is established based on the observed values of shadow puppet color in the pixel lattice, and the discrete fuzzy set and its scoring index are specified to assign corresponding weight values to the regions with different chromaticity attributes in the pixel lattice.The method of computing scores using the membership function involves ordinary mathematical operations, the overall scoring values are used to comprehensively evaluate the preservation status of the shadow puppet artifacts. This paper establishes a preliminary technical standard for the preventive conservation evaluation of shadow puppet artifacts using pixel lattice and membership function, providing an important guideline for the quantitative and standardized virtual restoration of shadow puppets. The proposed method provides a new approach to quantitatively assess the preservation status of shadow puppets, which is essential for their efficient scientific conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia is the property of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malay Institute of Nature & Civilization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study identified elements in a simple homemade gambus from a local crafter using a scientific approach. The gambus was made from geronggang wood (Cratoxylum arborescens), a light Malaysian hardwood with pink sapwood, distinct from the heartwood with brick-red or deep pink. The sound was processed to generate fast Fourier transform (FFT) and time-frequency analysis (TFA) using PicoScope and Adobe Audition software, respectively. The gambus A 1st string (note C4#) displayed a harmonic overtone at the 1st and 2nd octave. The 2nd string (note A3) showed harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd octave. The 3rd string (note D3#) showed a significant fundamental peak and harmonic overtone at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 4th string (note A2#) displayed consistent harmonic overtones at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th octave. The 5th string (note E2) had a harmonic overtone at the 5th octave. Gambus A showed an inconsistent signal in the 6th string (note D2#) with inharmonic overtone at 3.35th and 6.79th overtones. The gambus A 1st to 6th strings are C4#, A3, D3#, A2#, E2, and D2#, respectively. The gambus B 1st to 6th strings are C4, G3, D3, A3, E3, and B2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is a common clinical disease. Rotation-traction manipulation is an effective means to treat cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. The measurement of intervertebral foramen is an important reference standard in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of different states of rotation-traction manipulation on the structural changes of lower cervical intervertebral foramen, and to explore the biomechanical mechanism of rotation-traction manipulation. METHODS: Cervical spine specimens were implanted with screws to facilitate positioning during CT imaging. Firstly, MTS material machine was used to simulate the rotation manipulation with different positioning angles on fresh cervical specimens. The motion trajectory of Marker points was obtained by motion capture technology. Then, the cervical specimens were scanned by thin-layer spiral CT. The three-dimensional cervical solid reconstruction was carried out by using Mimics software. According to the motion trajectory of cervical vertebra under the process of rotation-traction manipulation, the multi-mode medical image three-dimensional registration was carried out by Autodesk Maya software to realize dynamic virtual reality simulation, and then the dynamic image processing was carried out. Finally, ImageJ software and Adobe Photoshop software were used to measure the longitudinal diameter and area of lower cervical intervertebral foramen before and after rotation-traction manipulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Positioning traction was helpful to open the lower cervical intervertebral foramen in advance. The traction effect was slightly worse than neutral traction, but positioning traction had better safety. (2) When the pulling force was within 150 N, the smaller the pulling force of rotation-traction manipulation, the smaller the increase of the longitudinal diameter and area of the lower cervical intervertebral foramen. After the pulling force exceeded 150 N, the increase of longitudinal diameter and area of cervical intervertebral foramen had little effect. (3) Rotation-traction manipulation may help to loosen the adhesion around the intervertebral foramen by increasing the lower cervical intervertebral foramen, so as to alleviate the symptoms of nerve root stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity verification is a crucial component of forensic sciences, as it necessitates accurately determining an individual's sex, age, and ancestry. The mandible is a commonly studied facial bone for sex determination due to its durability and preservation. This study aims to evaluate various parameters in the mandible for sex determination through morphometric analysis of panoramic radiographs. Fifty-seven panoramic radiographs of patients (22 males and 35 females, 18 – 40 years old) were examined in this study. Ten specific parameters were determined as follows: Bi-condylar Breadth (BCD), Bi- Coronoid Breadth (BCR), Bi-Mental Foramen Breadth (BMF), Bi-Mandibular Notch Breadth (BMN), Bi-Gonial Breadth (BGN), Minimum Ramus Breadth (MRB), Symphysis Height (SYM), Ramus Height (RAH), Mandibular Body Length (MBL), and Mandibular Notch Length (MNL). The morphometric analysis of these parameters was evaluated using Adobe Photoshop®CS6 software. The discriminant function analysis showed a significant difference between males and females in two variables: SYM and RAH, with Wilks’ lambda values of 0.857 and 0.924, respectively, and p<0.05. The mean value of symphysis height was 29.10 ± 4.42 mm in males and 25.97 ± 3.36 mm in females, with p<0.004. Similarly, the mean value of ramus height was 54.64 ± 10.79 mm in males and 49.89 ± 7.13 mm in females, with p<0.038. The formula Z = -4.887 + (0.31*SYM) + (0.046*RAH) can be used to determine sex using these variables. These findings may have important implications for forensic investigations and provide a non-invasive method for sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we developed a software tool for the simplified, automated definition and viewing of loci in the plane, an essential task in the design, engineering and architectural fields. The process was started by identifying the most salient geometric loci in the engineering domain (i.e., tangents). A geometric approach was followed to deal with curves from the relative positions of two circles or a circle and a point. The algorithms used can be easily implemented in commercially available CAD software, which testifies to the usefulness and timeliness of the proposed tool. The tool successfully solved all target cases and was implemented as a function with the commercial software Adobe Authorware v.7.0.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increasing occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is often indicated in complex prosthodontic rehabilitations to gain restorative space and improve the occlusal relationship and esthetics. However, any alterations made in OVD will also influence the lip position mainly during rest and smile. This study aims to determine the influence of the vertical dimension of occlusion on lip positions at a smile. Methods: 30 samples between the age group of 20 - 30 years were included in this study meeting the selection criteria. The acrylic splint of varying thicknesses of +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, +8mm was prepared on the dental stone cast of a patient that was articulated in a semi-adjustable articulator after tentative facebow transfer. Smile photograph of each individual at the occlusal vertical dimension of +0mm, +2mm, +4mm, +6mm, +8mm was taken using a DSLR camera mounted on a tripod using the prepared acrylic splints. Digital measurements were done in photographs using the Adobe Photoshop software. Results: The study's results demonstrate that increasing the OVD significantly affects the inter labial distance, incisal edge to lower lip distance, and the display zone area. However, the study found no notable alterations in the distance from the incisal edge to the upper lip or in the intercommissural width with the same increased OVD. These findings demonstrate on how changes in OVD can influence various orofacial measurements. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that with the increase in the OVD, inter labial distance, incisal edge to lower lip distance, and display zone area are increased. But upper lip position and inter commissural width should not be expected to be changed with increased OVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was an attempt to understand sentence repetition patterns in 120 healthy adults, (Males and females in equal numbers) ages varying from 35to55 years with Kannada as their first language. As a tool for the study, compound sentences under IO categories, namely, assertive, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, direct, indirect, causatives, active voice, conditional, and relative clauses imitation, were selected Each category consisted of two sentences forming a total of 20 sentences. All the sentences were recorded by a female Kannada speaker using Adobe audition software (version 2.4.2). The participants were asked to listen to each pre-recorded sentence and repeat it as close to the original stimulus. The responses were audio recorded using a digital voice recorder with a high-quality 50 built-in microphone. The response was analyzed for correct sentence repetition and error type. Sentence repetition scores and word correct scores in sentence repetition tasks decreased with age. No effect of gender was noted on the sentence repetition tasks. The results also indicate that the substitution errors' frequency was higher, followed by omission, addition, transposition, and code-mixing. Age-related cognitive differences and language differences might have resulted in a decline in the performance of sentence repetition tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the color change of teeth bleached with light activation using two different objective color measurement approaches after two years of clinical follow-up. A cross-sectional retrospective clinical study according to STROBE was followed including 30 participants. The 25% hydrogen peroxide gel (Philips Zoom) was applied with a supplementary LED light for 15 min in four cycles. Tooth color was assessed based on CIEL*a*b* values using a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade) at different time points (baseline, post bleaching, 1 week, 1 year, and 2 years). Standardized digital photographs were taken at each time point. The L*, a*, and b* values were measured from the digital photographs using Adobe Photoshop software. The color difference (ΔE) was separately calculated using the L*, a*, and b* values obtained with spectrophotometric and photographic analyses at each evaluation time. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). A color regression was detected by both measurement approaches after 1 and 2 years (p < 0.05). Greater ΔE values were acquired with the spectrophotometer compared to the digital photographic analysis (p < 0.05). Although a greater color change was observed with the spectrophotometer, both approaches were able to detect the color rebound using the 25% hydrogen peroxide light-activated in-office system. Digital photographic analysis might therefore be used to assess color change after bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the color pigmentation of two commercial brands of esthetic chain elastics immersed in artificial saliva and in the presence of other solutions. Materials and methods: A sample of 100 elastic segments with 6 links of the brands Morelli and Orthometric, divided into five groups of 10 segments each, was immersed in 5 solutions: artificial saliva, red wine, coffee, Coca-Cola, and açai. Pigmentation was evaluated in periods of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Intra- and inter-group color changes were performed using photographs taken on a white background with Adobe software. ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results: the elastics submerged in artificial saliva showed no pigmentation in both brands; those exposed to red wine solution showed high pigmentation in relation to those submerged in the other substances; the coffee solution showed pigmentation in the first days, with small pigmentations throughout the 28 days; while those exposed to Coca-Cola and açai solutions showed color changes as of the second week. Conclusion: the diet of patients influences the pigmentation of elastics, which justifies the guidance to patients to avoid foods with high pigmentation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To determine the location of mental foramen in panoramic radiographs of dentate adults in local population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa visiting the Peshawar dental hospital, Khyber college of dentistry and Sardar begum dental hospital, Peshawar. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient department of three dental hospitals of Peshawar from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 280 subjects (140 males, 140 females) were included that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Subjects underwent the standard OPG procedure. JPEG file format of OPG images were analyzed by Adobe Photoshop software 2008 version to analyze the location of mental foramen. RESULTS: The mental foramen was located in class I, 0 cases (0%), class II, 11 cases (2%), class III, 295 cases (53%), class IV, 245 cases (44%) and class V, 9 cases (1%). CONCLUSION: The most common location of mental foramen in local population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was between mandibular 1st and 2nd premolar (Class III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, it has become very easy to manipulate digital images using image processing tools and software such as Adobe Photoshop (https://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html). Tampering with images by splicing is an operation that consists of cutting-and-pasting an area of an image into another host image. In this paper, we propose to detect and localize such manipulations by analyzing the correlation of the image noise across the three color channels RGB, which is an intrinsic feature of the digital photography acquisition process. More precisely, we propose to detect the border between the background (host image) and the spliced area. Using a sliding window, we detect the blocks that span across the two areas which are characterized by two different color noise correlations. To do this, we propose specific features that are able to highlight these blocks. After the feature extraction, we introduce a learning phase using a Random Forest Classifier. Experimental results, specifically on the Columbia database, show very good results in comparison to other current state of the art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The present study aims to analyse the smiling components among young adults within Al Qassim region by evaluating typical smile parameters. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 female and male participants between 18 and 35 years, within Al Qassim Province of Saudi Arabia. The dentogingival macro-aesthetic elements of the smile, the parallelism between the incisal curve and lower lip line, midline, and buccal corridors were determined by using Canon Rebel t7i (Canon, Melville, NY, USA) and evaluated by photo editing software Adobe Photoshop CC2019. The data were analysed using a chi-square test and Spearman's correlation test for nonparametric data. Results. 62.5% of young adults had no buccal corridors. The nonparallel smile was found in 53.2% of young adults. A high smile line was observed in 33% of participants. 59.3% of young adults lacked a coinciding dental and facial midline. There was a statistically significant difference in the parallelism of the incisal curve and lower lip line as well as in the position of the upper lip line across genders (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Understanding macro-aesthetic elements of teeth and their interrelation with the surrounding oral structures can be a guide in creating natural and aesthetically pleasing restorative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Advertising using the scribble animation video technique is one of the promotional media used to provide information about Footwear Marks.C products. This video advert aims to attract consumers to buy local products. In order stand out from other promotional videos of similar products, in this video scribble animation effect is added to strengthen the message. The process of visualizing this video advertising starts from data searching, then the data is analyzed and the findings used in the concept drafting. Finally the title, synopsis, and storyboard are made. The next step begins with the selection of actors, the process of filming, video editing, and music composing. The vfx editing stage is where the scribble animation is added with adobe after-effect software. Then, the final stage of rendering occurs, followed by publishing on social media platforms such as Youtube and Instagram. This design produced an animation effect video entitled ”Digital advertising Marks. C Footwear with scribble animation” which has been uploaded on Youtube and Instagram with a video duration of 3 minutes 22 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common vascular tumors that appear early in life, have a rapid proliferative phase and slowly involute. There are no standardized ways to evaluate the regression of these lesions. We propose a colorimetric analysis of photographs to allow a more precise determination of IH treatment response and involution. Methods: Patients 1‐10 months of age with superficial or mixed IH were included. The lesions were managed with 0.5% topical timolol ophthalmic solution. Patients were followed for 16 weeks with 6 evaluations each. Photographic images were taken with a red and green circle placed beside each hemangioma. The photographs were treated as to equalize the size, color, and brightness among them based on the colors of the two circles. A grading scale was established based on the color of the patient skin (0) and the color of the hemangioma at the beginning of treatment (100) by pixel analysis using Adobe Photoshop® software. Results: A total of 17 patients 1 to 10 months of age were included, of whom 16 were girls (94%). Fourteen lesions were superficial, and 3 were mixed IH. The median time prior to initiation of treatment was 105 days (44‐232). All lesions showed some degree of clearing. The mean of lightening of color intensity observed was of 45% (17%‐74%) over the period of follow‐up. Conclusions: The colorimetric analysis of the digital images allowed an accurate and objective evaluation of IH clearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An appropriate presentation of maxillofacial defects and their prosthetic rehabilitation concepts using traditional two‐dimensional educational materials is challenging for dental students and prosthodontics residents. This technique article introduces a simple approach to visualize and communicate three‐dimensional (3D) virtual models embedded into a portable document format (PDF) file for presenting maxillofacial prosthetics concepts and enhancing students' spatial ability when learning maxillofacial prosthetics. MeVisLab software was used to combine various maxillofacial models and save them as a single 3D model. Adobe Acrobat Pro DC software was used to import the 3D model and create interactive visualization PDF documents. Adobe reader software was then used to visualize the content of the PDF documents. This approach allows educators to develop PDF files with multiple 3D models for teaching maxillofacial prosthetics concepts and communicate them with their students. Students can simply open the PDF file, activate the 3D mode, and interactively manipulate the 3D models to enhance their spatial ability for learning maxillofacial prosthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In recent years, a new concept has emerged at the forefront of slide-based diagnosis and telepathology. This is the concept of whole slide imaging. This has very recently also been tried with smartphones using complex software for photo analysis and stitching. This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the use of Jenoptik photomicrograph camera and smartphone camera-based whole slide imaging (WSI) for various microscopic preparations and slides. The study also uses a commonly available IOS smartphone device, a commonly available phone to microscope attachment, and the most commonly used Adobe Photoshop software for all stitching purposes. Aim: To evaluate and compare smartphone and photomicrography-based whole slide imaging. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. The samples included in this study are 10 slides of routine hematoxylin and eosin stain slides and 10 ground section slides of teeth and bone samples. Continuous photographs of the entire slide were captured using an IOS device and a Jenoptik camera attached research microscope at 10× magnification. The photographs were stitched using Adobe Photoshop 2017 software to obtain a whole slide image. Then, two observers analyzed the whole slide image for a possible diagnosis and thus compared the efficiency of both the methods. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) H test were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 2010 Software. Results: Percentage of measure of agreement was 79.5%, 83.7% and 86.3%, 89.1% for the whole slide images taken in the smartphone and photomicrograph and analyzed by Observer 1 and Observer 2, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, it can be seen that the WSI by research microscopes is better than that with a smartphone and a compound microscope but still both the methods are equally good and can be followed with accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]