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In line with the post-nonclassical educational paradigm, humanitarian practices, including support, are becoming necessary. Understanding the personal self-determination support as mediation implies the search for a "toolbox" that is not alienated from the personality. An individual development trajectory integrating the intra- and inter-subjective aspects of self-determination is considered to be the main support. The need to objectify and operationalize the supporting process actualizes the problem of theoretical justification and design for supporting procedure. We consider the supporting procedure as a well-founded procedure for the subjects' actions. The procedure is provided by the identification of the supporting stages, a description of the subjects' actions and their results. Supporting stages are isomorphic to the basic stages of self-determination and, accordingly, include: support at the stage of "self-determination itself", support at the stage of self-realization and support at the stage of personal self-actualization. The teacher's "functionality" includes actions aimed at activating the processes of the personality's self-determination in its inter- and inter-subjective aspects: personality "immersion" in the activities using a wide arsenal of cultural mediators (word, image, action) and methods such as analysis of problem situations, game imitation actions, social communication and professional tests; facilitation of analysis, reflection and practical student's actions. The student activities include: analysis of problem situations, "trial" activity of the person in modelled situations, activity in professional and living contexts; reflex of his actions. The coordinated nature of subjects' activities is ensured not only by the use of appropriate toolkit, but also by facilitating character of their interaction.

International audience; In this paper, we present an ultra-wideband full-duplex antenna system constituted of a wideband 4-element Vivaldi array and wideband microstrip-to-slotline baluns. The proposed system is characterized by its simplicity, high directivity, and high self-interference cancellation levels over a wide frequency bandwidth. The system is abricated using basic PCB technology and can provide at least 50 dB of self-interference cancellation over the bandwidth of operation, 4 - 40 GHz, with an average gain of 7.8 dBi. The system has a size of 8 cm x 8 cm x 9.4 cm and can be used as a high data rate link between two distant wireless nodes. To assess the merits of the proposed system and compare it to other published works, a new figure of merit (FoMWFD) dedicated to wide-band full-duplex antenna topologies is introduced in this paper.

International audience; Wind energy is expanding rapidly in France as elsewhere in the world, but the population is worried about the health impacts of wind turbine noise and some people are more annoyed than the sound field measurements would suggest. The annoyance is often described as resulting from infrasounds (IS) whereas the acoustic pressures of IS emitted by wind turbines would be below the perception thresholds. However, the possible inaudibility of IS does not exclude their action on the inner ear or the central nervous system (CNS). In this context, we propose a Research project on the Impacts of wind turbine noise on humans, in terms of sound simulation/synthesis and perception, and its effects on human Health (“RIBEolH”). The objectives of RIBEolH project are: - To assess the health effects of audible noise, low-frequency sounds (LFS) particularly, and IS, emitted by wind turbines. - To better understand the auditory mechanisms associated with the perception of IS and LFS emitted by wind turbines. - To better understand the effects of IS on the inner ear or CNS. To address these objectives, RIBEolH is based on two complementary parts: an epidemiological study and a psychoacoustic and physiological study.

The WHO guidelines on environmental noise highlight that evidence on the health effects of wind turbine noise is either non-existent or of poor quality. In this context, a feasibility study was conducted in France. The objective was to suggest a methodology for calculating wind turbine noise in order to quantify the number of windfarms' residents exposed to different levels of this noise. Based on a literature review, the Harmonoise model was selected for noise exposure calculation. The contribution of a wind farm varies from 35 dB(A) to 45 dB(A) for distances from 500m to 1500m, depending on weather conditions. Compared to other environmental noise sources (e.g. transportation), the noise exposure is very moderate and the total number of exposed people is very low: about 262,000 people during the day and 363,000 people at night, i.e. about 0.4% and 0.5% of the French population in 2017. Nearly 85% of the exposed population is exposed to levels below 40 dB(A). These results are the first ever assessment of noise exposure from wind turbines on the scale of the entire metropolitan French territory.

International audience; This paper presents and compares four different antenna topologies dedicated to Full-Duplex (FD) applications. The proposed architectures are able to operate simultaneously for transmitting TX and receiving RX radiating elements along broadside direction, contrarily to most of state of the art FD RF front-ends that also rely on destructive wave’s concept to get Self-Interference Cancellation (SIC). The four prototypes make use of three SIC stages and the common first level is obtained using orthogonal linear polarization between TX and RX. Step-by-step improvements are introduced from one to another topology in order to increase the SIC level and to reduce both side lobe levels and antenna size. Simulated and experimental results are provided, compared and discussed at the center frequency of 2.4 GHz as a proof of concept. The isolation obtained between TX and RX paths is higher than 80 dB in simulation and 60 dB in measurement. These results pave the way to an implementation of a high gain Full-Duplex Ka-band antenna for Nanosat Intersatellite Link

International audience; This paper demonstrates a single topology to implement ultra-wideband in-phase and 180° out-of-phase power dividers which will be dedicated for ultra-wideband frontends and balanced antenna systems that require a decent amount of isolation between ports. Both power dividers are formed of two couples of microstrip-to-slotline transitions terminated with radial stubs and then cascaded with a multisection Wilkinson power divider. A parametric study of the microstrip-to-slotline transition is performed to identify the main parameters' influence on its frequency response, followed by a full-wave optimization. Both power dividers are designed on RO4003C substrates and both have the same size of × mm 2. Simulation results show that the power dividers can operate between 4 and 40 GHz with less than 6 dB insertion loss and with small amplitude and phase imbalances between output ports. And most importantly, both devices have at least 20 dB of isolation between output ports over the entire bandwidth. Keywords-in-phase power divider, out-of-phase power divider, balun, multisection Wilkinson power divider, microstrip-to-slotline transition, ultra-wideband.

Congrès en mode virtuel pendant la crise sanitaire due au COVID19; International audience; In this exploratory and psychophonetic study, the representations and feelings of the French pronunciation of 98 learners were studied. After analyzing the results of a questionnaire proposed to this population before and after a 3-month exposure period in France, including phonetic training, the significant pedagogical implications of these results for formative purposes were explained. Our population had a more positive representation of pronunciation, music, vowels and then French consonants after 3 months. The somesthetic sensations in the mouth and articulatory energy were not so positive: the negative terms dominated, even after the 3 months, however less. The teacher had to privilege these somesthetic and corporal activities in the training of these people, as well as, in particular, a better knowledge of these individuals through verbalization and dialogue.; Dans cette étude exploratoire à caractère psychophonétique, les représentations et ressentis de la prononciation du français de 98 apprenants ont été étudiés. Après l'analyse des résultats d'un questionnaire proposé à cette population avant et après une période d'exposition en France de 3 mois, comprenant une formation phonétique, nous exposons les implications pédagogiques conséquentes de ces résultats à des fins formatives. Notre population a une représentation plus positive de la prononciation, de la musique, des voyelles puis des consonnes françaises après 3 mois. Les sensations somesthésiques au niveau de la bouche et de l'énergie articulatoire ne sont pas aussi positives : les termes négatifs dominent, même après les 3 mois, de façon cependant moindre. Ceci invite l'enseignant à privilégier ce travail somesthésique et corporel dans la formation de ces personnes, ainsi que, notamment, une meilleure connaissance de ces individus au travers de la verbalisation et du dialogue.

WOS:000569919500022; This study was focused on the phenolic content and associated cosmetic activities of seven brown marine macroalgae:Alaria esculenta,Ascophyllum nodosum,Bifurcaria bifurcata,Fucus serratus,Halidrys siliquosa,Himanthalia elongata, andLaminaria ochroleuca, selected for their abundance in Brittany and their phlorotannin production. Phlorotannins were extracted by maceration followed by a liquid/liquid purification to obtain fractions enriched in phlorotannins. Seasonal and yearly variations in phenolic contents were investigated thanks to the Folin-Ciocalteu assay to find the best harvesting season for each species.H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to validate the presence of phenolic compounds and to compare the species in terms of phenolic signals, as they produce different phlorotannin molecules. Activities required for cosmetic applications (i.e., radical scavenging, antioxidant, photoprotective, and anti-aging activities) were assessed by in vitro tests. Fucales, especiallyA. nodosum,F. serratus,H. elongata, andH. siliquosa, showed higher phenolic contents than Laminariales.Temporal variations were apparent for five seaweeds with the highest phenolic content, notably in autumn. The phenolic content was high regardless of the season and antioxidant and photoprotective activities were similar to those of commercial molecules, allowing year-round algal harvesting. The anti-aging activity ofA. nodosumandF. serratusfractions was higher than the active tea flavonol, epigallocatechin gallate. These results are promising for the use of abundant marine macroalgae as a source of natural active ingredients for cosmetic applications.

International audience; Spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) have been overfished in European waters, and adult breeders are now scarce. Our recent study highlighted the high acoustic potential of this species, which can emit loud broadband pulse trains, called “antennal rasps,” with peak-to-peak source levels (estimated at 1 m from the source) above 160 dB re 1 μPa² [Jézéquel et al., Marine Ecology Progress Series 615 (2019)]. These acoustic properties imply that these sounds could be detected during in situ passive acoustic monitoring. However, before using a such tool, we need to understand how antennal rasps propagate in situ and at what distance they could be detected above the ambient noise. To answer these questions, we recorded spiny lobster antennal rasps in the Iroise Sea (Brittany, France). We used a linear array of 8 hydrophones, with distances between animals and receivers ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m. We recorded antennal rasps from 38 individuals of various sizes. Our results demonstrate that large spiny lobsters can be detected at 100 m, and that sound properties might be directly influenced by the size of the individuals.

International audience; À travers la mise en place d’une recherche participative de type Design-based Research, nous avons tenté de caractériser la co-conception d’un dispositif pédagogique de co-intervention en enseignement professionnel. Dans le contexte de notre étude, cette conception s’est avérée fortement dissymétrique. De plus, la forme du dispositif co-conçu a été profondément influencée par des contraintes organisationnelles et des facteurs externes à l’équipe de travail.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease that has no cure. Mutations in profilin 1 were identified as a cause of familial ALS in 2012. We investigated the impact of expressing mutant profilin 1 in cultured primary neurons and in spinal cords during mouse development. Our data from studies using transfected primary hippocampal mouse neurons show that profilin 1 C71G expression results in increased dendritic spine density. These results show that expression of profilin 1 C71G alters cell morphology. We developed a novel mouse model with expression of PFN1 C71G targeted to α-motor neurons in the spinal cord during development. Adult mice had no transgene expression. When the embryos of these mice were analysed, they showed evidence of reduced neuronal outgrowth and abnormal brain development. Adult mice had no transgene expression. These mice presented with motor deficits and a reduction in the number of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Further analysis of these motor neurons in these mice revealed reduced levels of TDP and ChAT. Although profilin 1 C71G was only expressed during development, adult mice presented with some ALS-associated pathology and motor symptoms. This study highlights the effect of profilin 1 during neurodevelopment and the impact that this may have in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

International audience; Passive acoustics is a useful non-invasive tool to collect behavioral information in marine species. This is the case for temperate crustaceans which are known to emit a large variety of sounds through diverse mechanisms. But despite numerous studies in tanks, little is known about their ecological meaning, particularly for decapods of high commercial interest. When stressed by handling, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) vibrates its carapace and produces low frequency “buzzing sounds” that can be characterized in tanks. In this presentation, we discuss a straightforward experimental approach to investigating the role of these buzzing sounds in male European lobsters by combining passive acoustics and behavioral analysis (video and accelerometry). We recorded sound and video simultaneously during agonistic encounters. Based on the video, an ethogram was created with a total of 30 behaviors regrouped by agonistic levels. During agonistic encounters, European lobsters emitted buzzing sounds in association with stressful events such as claw grasping or tail flipping. Our results suggest that these sounds may be used by H. gammarus to maintain dominance around its shelter.

International audience; This work introduces a new design approach of multilayer Electromagnetic Band Gaps (EBGs) for wideband antenna isolation in a Full-Duplex transceiver. The design methodology is applied to a conventional type of EBGs in order to improve its initial performance in terms of bandwidth and size. By stacking multiple dielectric layers with integrated vias, an enhancement of the relative bandwidth of the band gap and a strong miniaturization of the unit cell is achieved. The dispersion diagrams of the proposed EBGs are studied and full-wave electromagnetic simulations are realized to validate the isolation level and the proposed lumped model of the final structures.

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International audience; This work presents a new design approach of wideband multilayer Electromagnetic Band Gaps (EBGs) suitable for both on package antenna isolation and switching noise suppression in high speed digital circuits. Depending on thetarget applications, the design principle is implemented from two conventional types of EBGs in order to improve their initial performance. By stacking multiple dielectric layers with integrated vias in both types of EBGs, it’s possible to achieve dual band performance, to enhance the relative bandwidth of the first band gap and to miniaturize the unit cell. The dispersion diagrams of the multilayer EBGs are proposed and full-wave simulations are performed to validate the antenna isolation and noise suppression bandwidths of the final structures.

A wideband switched beam antenna array system operating from 2 to 5 GHz is presented. It is comprised of a $4\times 1$ Vivaldi antenna elements and a $4\times 4$ Butler matrix beamformer driven by a digitally controlled double-pole four-throw RF switch. The Butler matrix is implemented on a multilayer structure, using 90° hybrid couplers and 45° phase shifters. For the design of the coupler and phase shifter, we propose a unified methodology applied, but not limited, to elliptically shaped geometries. The multilayer realization enables us to avoid microstrip crossing and supports wideband operation of the beamforming network. To realize the Butler matrix, we introduce a step-by-step and stage-by-stage design methodology that enables accurate balance of the output weights at the antenna ports to achieve a stable beamforming performance. In this paper, we use a Vivaldi antenna element in a linear four-element array, since such element supports wideband and wide-scan angle operation. A soft condition in the form of corrugations is implemented around the periphery of the array, in order to reduce the edge effects. This technique improved the gain, the sidelobes, and helped to obtain back radiation suppression. Finally, impedance loading was also utilized in the two edge elements of the array to improve the active impedance. The proposed system of the Butler matrix in conjunction with the constructed array can be utilized as a common RF front end in a wideband air interface for a small cell 5G application and beyond as it is capable to simultaneously cover all the commercial bands from 2 to 5 GHz.

International audience; This study concerns the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French in the context of French as a Foreign Language learning. The rhythm of French spoken sentences produced by ten Chinese-speaking learners at an intermediate-advanced French level, is compared with that of their Mandarin Chinese productions, and with the rhythm of the same French sentences produced by native subjects. Acoustically, quantitative measures of rhythm show significant differences between the rhythmic patterns of Mandarin Chinese and French produced by Chinese subjects. The values of rhythmic measures applied to French as a foreign language are closer to those applied to native French, which is in contradiction with the results of the perceptual study according to which the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French can be identified by eight native speakers of French. The disparity between acoustics and perception casts doubt on the use of rhythmic measures in this rhythmic transfer study.; Cette étude concerne le transfert rythmique du chinois mandarin au français dans le cadre de l'apprentissage du Français Langue Étrangère. Le rythme de phrases françaises produites par dix apprenants sinophones de niveau de français intermédiaire-avancé, est comparé avec celui de leurs productions en chinois mandarin et celui en français produit par des natives. Acoustiquement, les mesures quantitatives du rythme mettent en lumière la différence significative entre les patterns rythmiques du chinois mandarin et du français produit par les sujets sinophones. Les valeurs des mesures rythmiques appliquées au français langue étrangère sont plus proches de celles appliquées au français natif, ce qui est en contradiction avec les résultats de l'étude perceptive selon lesquels le transfert rythmique du chinois mandarin au français peut être identifié par huit locuteurs natifs du français. La disparité entre acoustique et perception met en doute l'emploi de ces mesures dans cette étude sur le transfert rythmique. Abstract. Rhythmic transfer from Mandarin Chinese to French in the learning of French as a foreign language: acoustics and perception. This study concerns the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French in the context of French as a Foreign Language learning. The rhythm of French spoken sentences produced by ten Chinese-speaking learners at an intermediate-advanced French level, is compared with that of their Mandarin Chinese productions, and with the rhythm of the same French sentences produced by native subjects. Acoustically, quantitative measures of rhythm show significant differences between the rhythmic patterns of Mandarin Chinese and French produced by Chinese subjects. The values of rhythmic measures applied to French as a foreign language are closer to those applied to native French, which is in contradiction with the results of the perceptual study according to which the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French can be identified by eight native speakers of French. The disparity between acoustics and perception casts doubt on the use of rhythmic measures in this rhythmic transfer study.

International audience; This study concerns the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French in the context of French as a Foreign Language learning. The rhythm of French spoken sentences produced by ten Chinese-speaking learners at an intermediate-advanced French level, is compared with that of their Mandarin Chinese productions, and with the rhythm of the same French sentences produced by native subjects. Acoustically, quantitative measures of rhythm show significant differences between the rhythmic patterns of Mandarin Chinese and French produced by Chinese subjects. The values of rhythmic measures applied to French as a foreign language are closer to those applied to native French, which is in contradiction with the results of the perceptual study according to which the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French can be identified by eight native speakers of French. The disparity between acoustics and perception casts doubt on the use of rhythmic measures in this rhythmic transfer study.; Cette étude concerne le transfert rythmique du chinois mandarin au français dans le cadre de l'apprentissage du Français Langue Étrangère. Le rythme de phrases françaises produites par dix apprenants sinophones de niveau de français intermédiaire-avancé, est comparé avec celui de leurs productions en chinois mandarin et celui en français produit par des natives. Acoustiquement, les mesures quantitatives du rythme mettent en lumière la différence significative entre les patterns rythmiques du chinois mandarin et du français produit par les sujets sinophones. Les valeurs des mesures rythmiques appliquées au français langue étrangère sont plus proches de celles appliquées au français natif, ce qui est en contradiction avec les résultats de l'étude perceptive selon lesquels le transfert rythmique du chinois mandarin au français peut être identifié par huit locuteurs natifs du français. La disparité entre acoustique et perception met en doute l'emploi de ces mesures dans cette étude sur le transfert rythmique. Abstract. Rhythmic transfer from Mandarin Chinese to French in the learning of French as a foreign language: acoustics and perception. This study concerns the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French in the context of French as a Foreign Language learning. The rhythm of French spoken sentences produced by ten Chinese-speaking learners at an intermediate-advanced French level, is compared with that of their Mandarin Chinese productions, and with the rhythm of the same French sentences produced by native subjects. Acoustically, quantitative measures of rhythm show significant differences between the rhythmic patterns of Mandarin Chinese and French produced by Chinese subjects. The values of rhythmic measures applied to French as a foreign language are closer to those applied to native French, which is in contradiction with the results of the perceptual study according to which the rhythmic transfer of Mandarin Chinese to French can be identified by eight native speakers of French. The disparity between acoustics and perception casts doubt on the use of rhythmic measures in this rhythmic transfer study.

International audience; Harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium, producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), regularly occur in French coastal waters, contaminating shellfish. Among those, Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may accumulate high levels of PSTs during these blooms. PSTs are composed of saxitoxin (STX) and analogues which, similarly to tetrodotoxin, block voltage-gated sodium channels and thus inhibit action potentials in excitable cells. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of C. gigas in relation to toxin bio-accumulation. For this purpose, the STX sensitivity of cerebrovisceral nerves isolated from both field and cultured oysters obtained from a shellfish farmer, experimentally exposed to A. minutum, was evaluated using an electrophysiological approach. Meanwhile, the PST content of their digestive gland was determined using biochemical analyses.The compound nerve action potential (CNAP) of oysters collected in the field on April 2014 was about 5 fold more sensitive to STX than those collected on October 2015, suggesting that summer exposure to PST-producing A. minutum bloom potentially resulted in a decreased sensitivity to STX. Additionally, the STX-sensitivity of CNAPs recorded from cultured oysters experimentally fed with A. minutum (toxic-exposed oysters) or Isochrysis sp., a non-toxic micro-algae, (control oysters) revealed that these oysters could be separated into two groups, “resistant” and relatively “sensitive”, independently of their diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-“sensitive” nerves was lower and the STX concentration necessary to block 50% of their CNAP was higher in toxic-exposed than control oysters. This supports the above proposed hypothesis stating that toxic-exposed oysters are relatively more resistant to STX than non-exposed ones. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the PST content of oyster digestive gland.In conclusion, C. gigas oyster nerves are shown, for the first time, to have micromolar range of STX sensitivity, which decreases when oysters are exposed to dinoflagellates producing PSTs.

Experimental runs have been carried out to investigate the influence of shelf temperature and total gas pressure in the chamber on the primary drying sublimation kinetics of a packed bed of frozen spherical particles of a model 16.6% (w/w) sucrose solution. Sublimation kinetics determined, in situ and on line, by weighing continuously the freeze-dried sample, were observed to increase with the total gas pressures and with the shelf temperatures. A physical model, based on the hypothesis that two “sublimation fronts” advancing at the same time from the bottom of the bed, due to the contact heat flux, and from the top of the bed, due to radiation heat flux, was proposed. Fair agreement was found between simulated and experimental data.

Wind turbine yaw error information is of high importance in controlling wind turbine power and structural load. Normally used wind vanes are imprecise. In this work, the estimation of yaw error in wind turbines is studied using support vector machines for regression (SVR). As the methodology is data-based, simulated data from a high fidelity aero-elastic model is used for learning. The model simulates a variable speed horizontal-axis wind turbine composed of three blades and a full converter. Both partial load (blade angles fixed at 0 deg) and full load zones (active pitch actuators) are considered. The validation step is done under different conditions of wind shear, speed and direction, giving good estimation results.

International audience; An hybrid architecture of a compact, low-cost and gain compensated delay line switchable from 1 m to 250 m is presented in this paper. The delay line takes place in a Radar Target Simulator to allow testing automotive radar sensors. A hybridization of different technologies is presented to simulate delays on the entire range with a 20 cm resolution step and a frequency band of 800 MHz. Three technologies, LTCC components, optical fibers and SAW filters, were combined to cover the entire distance range. The whole system also ensures a gain compensation and equalization in the entire frequency band, as well as the simulation of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of various targets over the entire distance range.

International audience; In this paper, a Ultra-Wide-Band (UWB) antenna of dimensions 3cm x 3cm, designed to be used in direct contact with the breast is presented. The breast phantom model, on which the antenna was designed, consists of four layers (skin, fat, glandular tissues and muscle with their specific thicknesses) taking into account the dielectric properties for each layer and their dependence versus frequency. The antenna has been optimized for many reasons: enhance the matching to the human body and maximize the transfer of energy into the breast phantom to increase the detection potential.

International audience; Polar areas show fast changes linked to global warming. The reduction of the ice pack and the melting of the ice sheet modify the conditions of living of marine fauna. We propose the simultaneous monitoring of the ice and benthic fauna using passive acoustics. Thanks to a compact sensor array of 4 hydrophones (2m*2m*2m), we detected, localized and mapped in three dimensions ({azimuth, elevation} or {x, y, z}) the biophonic and geophonic contributions made up of short and wideband pulses. Tridimensional maps of benthic biophony and ice geophony of Antarctic and Arctic 7 days-long recording sessions (2015, 2016) are built and analyzed over a surface of the order of 1 km2. Benthic invertebrates emit high energetic pulses with peak frequencies ranging from 2 to 55 kHz, most of them below 15 kHz. Geophony is structured into two parts. The ice sheet, located several kilometers or tens of kilometers away, creates a stable spatial distribution of low energetic pulses (representing the majority of pulses in the soundscape) modulated by the temporal variability. The movements of isolated icebergs or pack ice produce localized acoustic events identifiable by the high sound levels and the stable peak frequencies of the emitted pulses.

Extending the formulation of reversible thermodynamical transformations to the formulation of irreversible transformations of open thermodynamical systems different classes of nonlinear control systems has been defined in terms of control Hamiltonian systems defined on a contact manifold. In this paper we discuss the relation between the definition of variational control contact systems and the input-output contact systems. We have first given an expression of the variational control contact systems in terms of a nonlinear control systems. Secondly we have shown that the conservative input-output contact systems are a subclass of the contact variational systems with integrable output dynamics.

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This paper addresses the multivariable PI regulation control of a class of linear systems described by hyperbolic partial differential equations. Both the input control and the output measurement are situated on the boundary. First, the system is transformed into the characteristic form of Riemann invariants, and the PI controller design is proposed for the Riemann invariant system. Then, a Lyapunov functional is constructed to prove stabilization and regulation of the closed-loop system. Finally, we apply the designed PI controller for a nonlinear Saint-Venant model and carry out numerical simulations to evaluate the performances of the designed PI controller.

International audience; The major economic and environmental consequences of recurring mortalities affecting the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas have initiated many research projects aiming at understanding these phenomena. The solutions anticipated to deal with these mortalities are mainly based on mass selection breeding programs but preventive treatments are still lacking. However, over the last decade, studies have been accumulating revealing the adaptive capabilities of innate immunity, the only component of defense mechanisms in invertebrates. Numerous findings have shown that a wide range of invertebrates can develop innate immune memory (also called immune priming) leading to improved survival during a second encounter with a pathogen. In this context, we undertook to study the possibilities of acting against mortalities by stimulating immune capacities of oysters.In the present study, we show that the exposure of oyster juveniles to an immunostimulant (a viral mimic called poly (I: C)) can lead to enhanced survival capacities (up to 100%) following OsHV-1 infection or during a mortality episode in the field. That protection is specific to viral protection as poly(I:C) fails to protect oyster against a pathogenic bacteria. We also show that this priming phenomenon is durable as it can last more than 4 months suggesting for the first time the existence of mechanisms of immune memory in this invertebrate species. Finally, analysis of the molecular pathways underlying that protection using dual RNAseq, revealed that priming was based on the triggering of a strong and sustained antiviral response limiting replication of the virus, thus allowing the protection of oysters on the long term. Altogether these results bring new insights into the oyster capacities to build an innate immune memory, its adaptive capacities and provide a platform to further explore novel strategies to help mitigate disease threats upon marine bivalves.

International audience; We are reiterating the main ten years ago assumptions measured against changes to our research objects in this area and results produced by the operations we have subsequently performed. Our results showed that the trade finds efficient solutions to "take" and "do" the class (in terms of environment and group work) and to organise students’ work, and revealed the particular psycho-physical commitment of the visual arts teacher. These very objects are considered here - required task - creativity at work - teacher’s corporeality -, but enriched by results from the study of the entanglement of disciplinary didactic issues and ergonomic issues of the teaching activity. We will discuss the training opportunities provided by this type of analysis, including in occupational health-related dimensions.; Nous reprenons des hypothèses avancées il y a dix ans, à l’aune de l’évolution de nos objets de recherche dans ce domaine et des résultats produits depuis par nos interventions. Nos résultats montraient que le métier trouve des solutions efficaces pour “ prendre ” et “ faire ” la classe (en termes de milieu et de collectif de travail) et pour organiser le travail des élèves, et révélaient l’engagement psycho-corporel particulier du professeur d’arts plastiques. Ces mêmes objets sont considérés ici - tâche prescrite - créativité au travail - corporéité du professeur -, mais enrichis des résultats produits par l’étude de l’enchevêtrement des enjeux didactiques disciplinaires et des enjeux ergonomiques de l’activité d’enseignement. Nous discutons des perspectives de formation ouvertes par ce type d’analyse, y compris dans les dimensions relatives à la santé au travail.

International audience; This paper presents a miniaturized microstrip back-cavity Hilbert Fractal Antenna specifically designed for breast cancer detection. This antenna is used to investigate on the possibility of detecting the presence of breast tumors by directly measuring the shift of the antenna resonance frequency. First, simulations are performed on a multi-layer breast model; then the proposed approach was applied for in vivo measurements on two different patients diagnosed with breast cancer, followed by ex vivo characterization of the electrical properties of excised tumors.

Colombia está sufriendo una transición epidemiológica que deriva en cambios significativos en los patrones de morbilidad y mortalidad. Las consecuencias de esta transición pueden estar recayendo de manera más significativa en las personas de clases más desfavorecidas. El objetivo de esta tesis es determinar la existencia y magnitud de inequidades socioeconómicas en la prevalencia de algunos de los principales factores de riesgo para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en Colombia. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo tres estudios utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de Colombia 2007. En el primero se ha estudiado la existencia y la magnitud de inequidades socioeconómicas en la prevalencia de tabaquismo. En el segundo se ha estudiado la existencia y la magnitud de inequidades socioeconómicas en la prevalencia de actividad física tanto en el tiempo libre como la relacionada con el transporte. Por último, se ha estudiado la existencia de inequidades en el riesgo cardiovascular a través del estudio de la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, hiperglicemia, hipercolesterolemia, sobrepeso, obesidad y síndrome metabólico. El cuerpo de esta tesis consta de 3 artículos científicos, uno de ellos publicado en formato de Carta al editor (y también se presenta el trabajo en formato extenso). Los estudios incluidos en esta tesis describen la prevalencia en Colombia de los principales factores de riesgo para ECNT y revelan la existencia de inequidades socioeconómicas que tendrán que ser abordadas paralelamente al abordaje de la epidemia actual de ECNT., Colombia is experiencing an epidemiological transition resulting in significant changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality. The consequences of this transition may be falling most significantly in people of lower classes. The objective of this thesis is to determine the existence and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of some of the major risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Colombia. To this end, we have conducted three studies using the National Health Survey of 2007. In the first Colombia has studied the existence and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence. In the second we have studied the existence and magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of physical activity in both the time and the related transportation. Finally, we have studied the existence of inequities in the cardiovascular risk through the study of the prevalence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. The body of this thesis consists of 3 scientific papers, one published in format Letter to the editor (and work is also presented in long format). The studies included in this thesis describes the prevalence in Colombia of the main risk factors for NCDs and reveal the existence of socioeconomic inequities that need to be addressed in parallel with the approach of the current epidemic of NCDs.

In this paper, we analyze, via a simple academic example from quantum control, the problem of dynamic output stabilization, when the point where we want to stabilize corresponds to a control value that makes the system unobservable. The stability analysis is performed in three steps. We have demonstrated the usage of the method for a specific case, but the idea can be extended to more general problems. In particular, the method can be extended to the case of systems over the homogeneous space X of a compact Lie group G that comes from the action of G. Such systems are called compact Killing systems. A more involved generalization can be considered, in the general case of bilinear systems over ℝn.

00002; International audience; no abstract

In this paper, we analyze the different lift of the dynamics of irreversible thermodynamic systems from the Legendre submanifold associated with the thermodynamic properties of the physical system to the full Thermodynamic Phase Space. Firstly, we define a set of Hamiltonian functions which generate a class of equivalent lifts, that it contact vector fields which are equal on some distinguished Legendre submanifold. Secondly we show that how one may construct an equivalent contact vector field which renders attractive of the inverse image of zero by the Hamiltonian function.

International audience; We will present the combined results of the French GEOTRACES GEOVIDE cruise in the North Atlantic Ocean and the 2015 German GEOTRACES cruise TransArc II in the central Arctic Ocean. Research vessel "Pourquoi pas?" sailed on May 15th from Lisbon to Greenland to arrive in Newfoundland on June 30th 2014, and icebreaker "Polarstern" sailed on August 17th from Tromsoe to explore the Nansen, the Amundsen and the Makarov basins, to arrive in Bremerhaven on October 15th 2015. Total mercury was sampled using ultra-trace clean rosettes and determined on board. In the Atlantic Ocean, surface waters of the Gulf Stream are cooled down as they travel north, and mix at the same time with waters exiting the Arctic Ocean via Fram Strait. These cool and dense surface waters dive to depth in the Greenland and Labrador seas. The North Atlantic Ocean predominantly receives Hg via atmospheric deposition from Europe and North America where industrial Hg emissions peaked in the 1970s. The Hg inputs to the Arctic Ocean are less well-constrained if not unknown. The current debate opposes a primary atmospheric with a river-dominated scenario. We find consistent surface depleted profiles in the North Atlantic Ocean, while we exclusively observe surface enrichments in the Arctic Ocean, at all sampling stations. We will make use of the combined data sets of both cruises to investigate how climate may impact Hg marine biogeochemical cycle, how anthropogenic Hg makes its way into the deep ocean and whether the temporal evolution of emissions is traceable in water masses of different ages. We will also put our new observations in context with recent numerical model evaluations.

Inspired by great advances on the mathematical structure of chemical reaction networks governed by mass action kinetics and by one of the main features of Irreversible port-Hamiltonian formulation that the thermodynamic principles could be presented clearly and directly in its structure, the aim of our work is to utilize the Irreversible port-Hamiltonian formulation to study chemical reaction networks in non-isothermal case, including modeling, equilibrium and asymptotic stability.

International audience

In this paper, a Multiple Customers/Transporters Integrated Scheduling Problem is presented and analyzed.The objective is to minimize the total cost i.e. the delivery and inventory costs over the entire supply chain. Two methods of resolution are then presented and compared. The first one is a dedicated branch and bound, and the second one is commercial solver based on a MIP formulation of the considered problem. Their performances have been evaluated by comparing the resolution time required by each method as the number of transporter, customers and jobs increase. The experimental results show that the Branch and Bound algorithm is much more efficient than CPLEX solver for this problem.