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The study intended to devise a sustainable treatment scheme for acrylic fiber dyeing process effluents, which significantly differ from other textile plant wastewaters. The necessary experimental support was generated from a set of tests conducted on the wastewater of a plant operation, focused solely on acrylic fiber dyeing. Related experiments involved effluent characterization, biological treatability, and chemical settling/oxidation performed on raw and bio‐treated effluent, as pre‐treatment and/or polishing steps. A total COD level of 910 mg/L with a 70% soluble ratio, low total N and P contents below 10 mg/L, a detergent content of 50 mg/L and a dark/black color of 1150 Pt‐Co unit defined the average properties of the raw plant effluent. Experimental support indicated that activated sludge operation at a sludge age level above 25 d, remained insufficient as it could only provide an effluent with a soluble COD level above 150 mg/L, a biomass escape in the range of 40 to 100 mg/L and with an intense dark color. A similar experimental template, including chemical settling, chemical oxidation by NaOCl and combination of the two processes, was tested as pre‐treatment and a polishing step after biological treatment. Pre‐treatment, although with some benefit to remove toxic and inhibitory compounds, proved to be highly costly, due to excessive chemical usage and sludge generation for a sustainable, cost‐effective approach. The sequence of chemical oxidation and settling steps implemented as a polishing stage was quite effective as it secured complete color removal, a major source of concern for the selected wastewater and also, it reduced COD down to 60 mg/L, a level significantly below the residual COD threshold for biological treatment. This approach, although case‐specific for this study, provided a scientific and general perspective for similar work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new multi feature fusion fiber classification algorithm suitable for multi type fiber image recognition and classification were proposed to address the problem that commonly used manual identification methods in the market cannot recognize and classify multiple types of fibers. Firstly, the grayscale histograms, local binary patterns (LBP), directional gradient histograms (HOG), Hu invariant moments, and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features of 10 types of fiber images were extracted. Then, the above features were weighted and fused to obtain a new feature, which is trained (8 000 pices fiber) and tested (2 000 pices fiber) using an support vector machine (SVM) model to obtain the final recognition accuracy. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the algorithm is 85.8%, among which the characteristics of acrylic fiber, acetate fiber, and nylon fiber are very obvious, and the accuracy reaches over 90%. At the same time, the accuracy of difficult to distinguish wool and cashmere fibers also reaches about 88%. This algorithm has achieved good recognition results, providing a technical foundation for fast and accurate identification of fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, preoxidized fibers, flame-retardant acrylic fibers and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers were chosen to prepare thermal insulation felts by the spunlaced process. The preparation of thermal insulation felts by single-component fibers, bicomponent fibers and multi-component fibers was studied. The breaking strength of the single fibers, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, air permeability, thermal stability, shrinkage rate after washing, and the breaking strength of the thermal insulation felts were characterized. The results show that, for the single-component felts, preoxidized fiber felt had a longitudinal char length of only 35 mm, which was less than that of flame-retardant acrylic fiber felts and PPS felts. However, its longitudinal breaking strength was only 39.8 N. The bicomponent thermal insulation felt, blended with flame-retardant acrylic fibers and preoxidized fibers, had a higher breaking strength than the single-component felt, but it had char lengths greater than 100 mm after the vertical burning test. When the ratio of the multi-component insulation felts (preoxidized fibers, PPS fibers and flame-retardant acrylic fibers) was 35:60:5, the felt's longitudinal char length measured 23 mm, which was less than that of the aramid felt 72 mm. This felt's thermal conductivity was 0.0515 W/mK. It had an air permeability of 1995 mm/s, and the longitudinal dimensional shrinkage rate following the thermal stability test was only 1.1%. Multi-component thermal insulation felts are very important for the development of high-performance firefighting protective clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic contamination is ubiquitous across the globe, even in remote locations. Still, the sources and pathways of microplastics to such locations are largely unknown. To investigate microplastic contamination in a semi‐remote location, we measured microplastic concentrations in nine oligotrophic lakes within and around the International Institute for Sustainable Development—Experimental Lakes Area in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Our first objective was to establish ambient concentrations of microplastics in bottom sediments, surface water, and atmospheric deposition in semi‐remote boreal lakes. Across all lakes, mean shallow and deep sediment microplastic concentrations, near‐surface water microplastic concentrations from in situ filtering, and dry atmospheric microplastic deposition rates were 551 ± 354 particles kg−1, 177 ± 103 particles kg−1, 0.2 ± 0.3 particles L−1, and 0.4 ± 0.2 particles m−2 day−1, respectively. Our second objective was to investigate whether microplastic contamination of these lakes is driven by point sources including local runoff and direct anthropogenic inputs or nonpoint sources such as atmospheric deposition. Lakes were selected based on three levels of anthropogenic activity—low, medium, and high—though activity levels were minimal across all study lakes compared with highly populated areas. Whereas a positive correlation would indicate that point sources were a likely pathway, we observed no relationship between the level of anthropogenic activity and microplastic contamination of surface water. Moreover, the composition of microplastics in surface water and atmospheric deposition were similar, comprising mostly polyester and acrylic fibers. Together, these results suggest that atmospheric deposition may be the main pathway of microplastics to these remote boreal lakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:999–1011. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a complex set of research activities related to the sorption analysis of the process of dyeing acrylic fibers with cationic dyes to clarify the complex events during the adsorption of dye molecules for fibers and their diffusion into the interior. Typical acrylic fibers were used for dyeing with cationic blue dye. The fiber samples were dyed in a constant bath, the initial dye concentration and dyeing time were varied. The results reveal that the degree of dye exhaustion on acrylic increases as the initial concentration of dye increases. A longer time carries a higher degree of exhaustion, the same happens with the amount of adsorbed dye per unit mass of the acrylic. Isothermal linear modeling of the dyeing process gives results according to which the Langmuir model best covers the experimental points, thus confirming the existence of monolayer dye adsorption, with a uniform distribution of adsorption heat and affinity over the homogeneous fiber surface. The Freundlich and Hill–de Boer isotherm models give somewhat weaker results for the interpretation of equilibrium acrylic dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filtrate reducer is a drilling fluid additive that can effectively control the filtration loss of drilling fluid to ensure the safe and efficient exploitation of oilfields. It is the most widely used treatment agent in oilfields. Due to its moderate conditions and controllable procedure, alkaline hydrolysis of high-purity waste polyacrylonitrile has been utilized for decades to produce filtrate reducer on a large scale in oilfields. However, the issues of long hydrolysis time, high viscosity of semi-finished products, high drying cost, and tail gas pollution have constrained the development of the industry. In this study, low-purity waste acrylic fiber was first separated and purified using high-temperature hydroplastization, and the hydrolyzed product was obtained using alkaline hydrolysis with the micro-water method, which was called MW−HPAN. The hydrolysis reaction was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and the elemental analysis showed a hydrolysis degree of 73.21%. The experimental results showed that after aging at 180 °C for 16 h, the filtration volume of the freshwater base slurry with 0.30% dosage and 4% brine base slurry with 1.20% dosage was 12.7 mL and 18.5 mL, respectively. The microstructure and particle size analysis of the drilling fluid gel system showed that MW−HPAN could prevent the agglomeration of clay and maintain a reasonable particle size distribution even under the combined deteriorating effect of high temperature and inorganic cations, thus forming a dense filter cake and achieving a low filtrate volume of the drilling fluid gel system. Compared with similar commercially available products, MW−HPAN has better resistance to temperature and salt in drilling fluid gel systems, and the novel preparation method is promising to be extended to practical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interface compatibility between the surfaces of nylon 66 (PA66) fiber and the acrylic rubber (AR) is the key factor to improve the mechanical properties of the composite materials. In this study, Lewis acid (CaCl2) was firstly used to reduce the crystallinity of PA66 fiber, and then a bioinspired polydopamine (PDA) function coating was constructed on the PA66 fiber surface to act as a bridge to introduce an epoxy‐functionalized silane layer (KH560). After that, the modified PA66 fiber was introduced in the CuSO4 coordination crosslinked AR composites to further increase the mechanical performances of AR. Results showed that Lewis acid could significantly reduce the surface crystallinity of PA66 fiber, the PDA coating has successfully coated the fiber surface. And SEM results showed, the interfacial compatibility between the fiber and rubber was obviously improved. Compared with the unmodified PA66 fiber filled AR composites, the tensile strength, modulus and hardness of the modified PA66 fiber filled AR composites were increased by 95%, 49%, and 16% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microbes can be carried by and even multiply on textiles, which can act as reservoirs containing infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi and could be vectors of infection in hospitals or communities. Scientific studies demonstrated two scenarios concerning the interrelationships between microorganisms and textiles: textiles can transmit microorganisms and thus infections, and textiles containing antimicrobial agents prevent the transmission of infections. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior in finishing specific knitted textile structures of different fiber compositions, designed, and produced for obtaining antibacterial knitted garments for people with special needs, using a conventional finishing agent and application method to be ready for application on tumbler-type industrial equipment. Different assortments of fibers, yarn compositions, and knitted fabric geometry were used to produce knitted textile materials. For acquiring an antibacterial effect, a bacteriostatic product based on silver chloride and titanium dioxide was used for the finishing of knitted fabrics, which was applied by exhaustion method, on a tumblertype laboratory apparatus. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar diffusion plate test on E. Coli and S. Aureus test strains. Higher inhibition zone values are obtained in the case of knits made of conventional fibrous blends (cotton/acrylic fibers), compared to the variants containing Bamboo, Lenpur, and Coolmax fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, an engineered loop-bonded nonwoven fabric was developed using recycled cotton and recycled acrylic blended fibers with polyester thread for warping in Arachne stitch bonding machine by varying the fabric weight, blend ratio, and course spacing in different levels of treatment combinations. Acrylic and cotton fibers were extracted by recycling weft knitted cut pieces (garment waste). The developed loop-bonded nonwoven fabrics were tested for its abrasion resistance, water penetration resistance in hydrostatic pressure, and air permeability behavior. The air permeability decreased with the increase in cotton content in the blending composition, thickness, stitch density, and fabric weight. The abrasion resistance increased with the increase in thickness, fabric weight, and thread density with optimum level. The investigated cotton/acrylic blended nonwoven have attractive properties for its better absorbency, lower electrostatic charge generation, superior comfort, disposability and sanitation value, faster drying properties, better durability, a highly-desirable luxurious soft hand, improved thermal resistance, air permeability and moisture vapor transmission, higher productivity, lower production costs and shorter production cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Silicon (Si) is attracted much attention due to its outstanding theoretical capacity (4200 mAh/g) as the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large volume change and low electron/ion conductivity during the charge and discharge process limit the electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes. Here we demonstrate a foldable acrylic yarn-based composite carbon nanofiber embedded by Si@SiO x particles (Si@SiO x -CACNFs) as the anode material. Since the amorphous SiO x and carbon (C) coating on the outside of the Si particles can provide a double buffer for volume expansion while reducing the contact between the Si core and the electrolyte to form a thin and stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. Simultaneous in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (in-situ EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) tests show that SiO x and C have higher ion/electron transport rates, and in addition, using acrylic fiber yarn and Zn(Ac) 2 as raw materials reduces the manufacturing cost and enhanced mechanical properties. Therefore, the half-cell can achieve a high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 82.3% and a reversible capacity of 1358.2 mAh/g after 180 cycles. It can return to its original shape and remain intact after four consecutive folds, and the soft-pack full battery can also light up LED lights under different bending conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort is an aspect and is considered as one of the important characteristics of clothing. Generally, the comfort properties can be distinguished into three categories, viz., thermo-physiological comfort, sensorial comfort, and psychological comfort. Thermo-physiological comfort of a fabric is determined by the ability of the fabric to transmit heat, air, and moisture from the skin to the atmosphere. Fabric made of synthetic fibers has convincing comfort properties when compared with the fabrics made of natural fibers like cotton, silk, wool, etc. When natural fibers are compared with synthetic fibers, synthetic fibers are hydrophobic in nature and provides less comfort to the wearer. Hence, in this research work, an attempt has been made to study the thermo-physiological comfort properties of herbal finished woven fabrics made from synthetic fibers coated with neem and bermudagrass. Herbal finishes were applied on the woven fabrics made from 100% polyester and blends of 50:50 polyester, acrylic fibers. These finished fabrics were tested and analyzed for durability and essential thermo-physiological comfort properties. Based on the test results and analysis it was found that significant improvements in the moisture-related properties and moderate decrease in the thermal conductivity of the synthetic fabrics with neem and bermudagrass herbal finish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers grafted with acrylic acid and acrylamide were successfully prepared by means of 60Co γ-ray pre-irradiation grafting. UHMWPE fiber adsorbent containing dithiocarboxylic, amide and carboxylic groups was obtained by dithiocarboxylic reaction. Mass gain rate showed that the maximum grafting rate of acrylamide reached 300% when acrylamide was grafted onto UHMWPE fibers modified with acrylic acid, which was far more than when acrylamide was grafted alone. The results of adsorption performance test for Cu(II) ions exhibited that the prepared UHMWPE fiber adsorbent has excellent Cu(II) ions adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorbed Cu(II) ions amount to 341 mg g−1 (initial concentration of 400 mg L−1, time of 6 h). Moreover, the highest removal ratio of Cu(II) ions can reach 99.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory statistical tool based on fabric bending rigidity and weft yarn count to predict fabric pilling grades of blended worsted fabrics is proposed. Multiple regression analysis is performed to obtain three dependent models as evaluation tools for pilling tendency. Three different materials of weft yarns; 60/40% blend of wool/polyester fibers, 35/65% blend of viscose/polyester fibers and 20/40/40% blend of viscose/polyester/acrylic fibers were considered. Moreover, four different counts of weft yarns, different ranges of picks per inch (44–50) and three structures of fabric weave (Plain, twill and satin) were used. Results showed that the first model recorded the best performance to predict fabric pilling grades when considering coefficient of regression analysis was (R2 = 0.92) and Mean Square Error was (MSE = 0.074). Moreover, measuring of fabric bending rigidity and counts of weft yarns is sufficient to be an indicator for predicting the fabric pilling tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of moisture-adsorption and heat-generating fibers of EKS fiber and Sunburner fiber were used to blend yarns with different components and different blending ratios, combined with viscose fiber, cotton fiber and acrylic fiber. The yarns were knitted into double ribbed fabrics using circular knitting machines. The thermal and moisture properties of fabrics were tested to explore the effect of fiber type and yarn blend ratio on the thermal and moisture properties of fabrics. The results show that under the standard test conditions,when the rest of the components and mass fraction of the yarn are the same, the moisture regain, air permeability, water-vapour transmission, wicking performance, thermal retention property, and heat generating by moisture absorption property of the fabric containing viscose fibers are better than that containing cotton fibers, while the fabric containing Sunburner fibers is better than that containing EKS fibers in moisture regain, wicking performance and thermal retention property, but lower in air permeability, water-vapour transmission and heat generating by moisture absorption property. The air permeability, water-vapour transmission and thermal retention property of the fabric increase with the decrease of EKS mass fraction in the fabric, while the wicking performance, heat generating by moisture absorption property of the fabric decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two-stage N-PDA was firstly used to co-treat acrylic fiber wastewater and sewage. • N-SBR achieved efficient nitrification under refractory organic stress (ARE=100 %). • PDA-UASB exhibited robust PDA by organic carbon source from domestic sewage. • NRE was up to 87 % to co-treat sewage and acrylic wastewater (66.3 and 91.7 mg/L). • The relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia increased from 0.6 to 5.4 %. Acrylic fiber (AF) wastewater is characterized by high levels of ammonia nitrogen, refractory organic compounds, and toxic substances, making biological nutrient removal challenging. Conventional biological treatment technologies are often ineffective due to the complex composition, high toxicity, and low C/N ratios of AF wastewater. In this study, a two-stage nitrification-partial denitrification/anammox (N-PDA) process was firstly developed for the combined treatment of AF wastewater and domestic sewage, which integrated nitrification-SBR(N-SBR) and partial denitrification/anammox-UASB (PDA-UASB). The N-SBR achieved stable nitrification (ARE=100 %, HRT=4.2 h) with increasing ratios of AF wastewater, while the PDA-UASB utilized organic carbon from domestic sewage to simultaneously remove nitrate (91.7 mg/L) and ammonium (66.3 mg/L) through the PDA pathway (HRT=11.3 h). After 200 days, the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia increased from 0.6 to 5.4 %, ensuring robust nitrogen removal performance. The system achieved effluent ammonium and total nitrogen concentrations below 1.0 mg/L and 15.0 mg/L, respectively, with a total nitrogen removal rate of 87 %. This study demonstrates the N-PDA process as an efficient, energy-saving, and cost-effective solution for treating AF wastewater without the additional organic carbon sources, enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency and operational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile materials are one of the primary sources of microplastic pollution. The washing procedure is by far the most significant way that textile products release microplastic fibers (MPFs). Therefore, in this study, the effects of various textile raw materials (A acrylic, PA polyamide, PET polyester, RPET recycled polyester and PP polypropylene), fabric construction properties (woven, knitted), thickness and basis weight values on MPFs release at different washing stages (pre-washing, soaping/rinsing) were examined separately. To mimic the most popular home washing procedures, a 10-min pre-wash and a 35-min soaping/rinsing phase at 40 °C were selected for the washing procedure. Utilizing the Image J program on macroscopic images captured by a high-resolution SL. R camera, the microfibers collected by filtering the water have been visually counted. According to the results, knitted fabrics released fewer MPFs than woven fabrics, with the woven acrylic sample (A3-w) exhibiting the highest release (2405 MPFs). The number of MPFs increased along with the thickness and weight of the fabric. Recycled polyester was found to release more MPFs than virgin polyester under the same conditions (1193 MPFs vs. 908 MPFs). This study demonstrates how recycled polyester, although initially an environmentally beneficial solution, can eventually become detrimental to the environment. Furthermore, it is known that the pre-washing procedure—which is optional—releases a lot more MPFs than the soaping and rinsing procedures, and that stopping this procedure will drastically lower the amount of MPFs incorporated into the water. [Display omitted] • Microfiber's release was higher from fabrics with higher basis weight. • Pre-washing caused more microfiber's release than soaping&rinsing. • Woven fabrics released more microfibers than knitted samples. • Acrylic fibers' shed more than other synthetic fibers. • Recycled polyester released more microfibers than virgin polyester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) and artificial fibers (AFs) have been detected suspended tens of meters above ground level in the atmosphere, yet empirical data on them remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the presence of MPs and AFs in the digestive and respiratory systems of two abundant bird species, the Common House Martin (Delichon urbicum) and the Common Swift (Apus apus), within the Community of Madrid, Spain. Given that these birds spend the majority of their lives airborne, engaging in activities such as mating and sleeping during flight, the research sought to assess the potential of using these bird species as bioindicators for suspended atmospheric MPs and AFs. Samples were obtained from necropsies of birds (N = 24) collected primarily between spring and summer from 2021 to 2023. Only individuals that died within the initial 24-hour period and had not been fed were selected for examination to avoid contamination. MPs and AFS were identified by micro-FTIR, characterized and quantified. Results revealed that 75 % of the sampled birds exhibited at least one MPs in their respiratory and/or digestive system. All identified MPs were fibers, with polyester (PES) being the most predominant (48 %), followed by acrylic fibers (ACR; 28 %), and polyethylene (PE; 18 %). The average concentrations in the respiratory system were 1.12 ± 0.45 MPs/specimen and 2.78 ± 1.04 AFs/specimen for Common Swift and 0.75 ± 0.30 MPs/specimen and 0.75 ± 0.36 AFs/specimen for House Martin. In the digestive system, these were 1.92 ± 0.72 MPs/specimen and 3.42 ± 0.69 AFs/specimen for Common Swift, and 1.34 ± 0.50 MPs/specimen and 1.39 ± 0.47 AFs/specimen for House Martin. Birds collected areas with high population density located in the direction of the prevailing winds showed a concentration of MPs significantly higher in the digestive system. Taken together, these findings confirmed the potential use of these birds as bioindicators for monitoring of suspended atmospheric MPs and AFs. [Display omitted] • Microplastics and artificial fibers were detected in Common Swifts and Common House Martins. • The concentrations in the respiratory system were 1.12 ± 0.45 MPs/specimen and 2.78 ± 1.04 AFs/specimen for Common Swift. • The concentrations in the respiratory system were 0.75 ± 0.30 MPs/specimen and 0.75 ± 0.36 AFs/specimen for House Martin. • All identified MPs were fibers, mainly polyester, acrylic, and polyethylene. • These findings confirmed the potential use of these birds as bioindicators for monitoring of suspended atmospheric MPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, nonwoven developed for thermal insulator fabric using reclaimed cotton and virgin acrylic blend in stitch bonding machine by cross laying fibers during web preparation using Arachne stitch bonding machine. Here, fiber cotton and acrylic were selected for the production of nonwoven thermal insulation because of their comparatively lower cost, availability, better thermal stability, for its attractive physical and mechanical properties. Different blending ratios, weight, and stitch density were taken into consideration as the main factors have focussed during nonwoven fabric development. The developed nonwoven fabrics were investigated for its air permeability, thermal, and tensile properties. The tensile strength of the developed fabric increases in the machine direction (555.3 N) than cross direction (412.33 N) whereas elongation percentage increases in the cross direction (91.1%) than machine direction (41.36%). In addition, the thermal conductivity of the developed fabrics was reduced by 33.33% by decreasing the fabric thickness and increasing bulk density. Major applications of the developed nonwoven are thermal insulators in the form of stitch-bonded nonwoven fabrics are blanket and sleeping rugs, automobiles, shoe covers, carpets, building insulators, and industrial process equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, hybrid polymer composite wherein hydrophilic nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and hydrophobic lignin particles are reinforced into hydrophobic acrylic fiber based polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix is fabricated by the spin-casting technique. The discrete and synergetic influence of NCC and lignin on the PAN matrix was compared and studied on the basis of the assessment of the tensile properties of the composite films. It was observed that incorporation of NCC and lignin in the ratio of 50:50 into the PAN matrix enhanced its tensile strength and Young's modulus by 55% and 223% respectively. Individual comparison of FTIR spectra was performed to understand the structural aspects of neat PAN and PAN composite films incorporated with NCC, lignin, and blends of NCC and lignin. Further, the composite films were assessed for physical properties such as density, viscosity, and contact angle. The impact of NCC and lignin loading on the surface morphology of the PAN matrix has been evaluated using SEM imaging tool. The thermal stability behaviour of the neat PAN film and PAN composite film was comprehended using TG analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a novel approach for imaging the visible emissions from plasmas in pulsed power experiments using high-resolution plastic optical fibers. The diagnostic consists of a 2 mm diameter core commercial cable constructed of 13 000 individual acrylic fibers. The fibers are fused together to create a single high-resolution bundle. Different designs were investigated to cover a wide range of resolutions and fields of view (3–700 µm and 0.05–45 mm, respectively). The system was tested on the 1-MA Mykonos accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories and successfully imaged visible emission from a hybrid x-pinch target. Diagnostic development and preliminary results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the physicochemical regularities (kinetics and isotherm) of phosphorus and beryllium recovery by sorbents based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber and Fe(OH)3 obtained by various methods: PAN or pre-hydrolyzed PAN with precipitation of FeCl3 with ammonia, using ready-made or electrochemically generated Na2FeO4, pre-hydrolyzed PAN treated with an alkaline solution of Na2FeO4, as well as their comparison with granular aluminum oxide. The Langmuir, Freudlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models show high performance of materials for sorption of stable P and Be used as tracers for the release of 7Be, 32P, and 33P from seawater. The obtained kinetic data are processed using kinetic models of intraparticle diffusion and the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich models. Optimal conditions for obtaining sorbents are established, namely, the effect of NaOH concentration at the stages of preparation on the properties of sorbents based on the PAN fiber and Fe(OH)3 obtained by various methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylic manufacturing wastewater is characterized by high toxicity, poor biodegradability, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen. Herein, we exploited traditional Fenton technology to treat acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater. The impacts of key operating variables including the initial concentration of H2O2 (CH2O2), the initial concentration of Fe2+ (DFe2+), and solution pH (pH) on the COD removal rate (RCOD) were explored and the treatment process was optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results indicated that the optimum parameters are determined as pH 3.0, 7.44 mmol/L of Fe2+ and 60.90 mmol/L of H2O2 during Fenton process. For the actual acrylic manufacturing wastewater treatment shows that the removal rates for COD, TOC, NH4+-N and TN are 61.45%~66.51%, 67.82%~70.99%, 55.67%~60.97% and 56.45%~61.03%, respectively. It can meet the textile dyeing and finishing industry water pollutant discharge standard (GB4287-2012). During the Fenton reaction, the effective degradation and removal of organic matter is mainly achieved by HO• oxidation, supplemented by flocculation and sedimentation of Fe3+ complexes. This study will provide useful implications in the process parameters for the practical application of Fenton method in acrylic acid production wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid composite specimens were produced with stainless steel-acrylic (SSA) and carbon fiber reinforcement in order to achieve ductile behavior compared to CF reinforced epoxy composites. Laminated composites containing CF and SSA fabrics in with different ply configurations were manufactured using vacuum infusion method. In addition, CF fabric was used in two different ply orientations (0–45°). In both the flexural and tensile test results, composites having CF oriented at 0° showed higher strength and modulus but lower strain than composites having CF oriented at 45°. When the number of carbon fiber layers increased, the composites showed high strength and modulus, but low strain. Increasing the number of SSA significantly increased the flexural and tensile strains of laminated composites. After the mechanical tests, the fracture surfaces of the specimens were examined with an optical microscope and matrix cracks, fiber breakage, fiber pull-out and delamination failures were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorbents based on Fe(OH)3 and aluminum oxide are widely used in oceanology for the recovery of cosmogenic radionuclides 7Be, 32Si, 32P, and 33P from the seawater. It is also possible to use them for the recovery of the natural radionuclides 210Pb, 234Th. A comparative study of the sorbents based on Fe(OH)3 and acrylic fiber obtained through various impregnation methods was carried out, and their comparison with granulated aluminum oxide. The possibility of extracting trace amounts of phosphorus and beryllium under laboratory and field conditions with these sorbents was studied. The sorption of 7Be, 210Pb, and 234Th on the natural content by the two-column method was investigated. It is shown that fiber samples obtained by oxidation with sodium ferrate and the "classical" method have the highest sorption characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the European Green Deal, a circular economy model was adopted. It is necessary to investigate the recycling possibilities of the wastes produced during the production of residual products. Wastes can be classified in the textile industry as fiber, yarn, fabric waste, and postconsumer waste of the product in terms of raw materials. Before consumer use, wastes produced from raw materials are known as pre-consumer wastes, and wastes produced after use are known as postconsumer wastes. Both pre-consumer and post-consumer wastes can be recycled and used at certain rates in the production of new textile products. In this way, the waste of textile products before and after use is recycled and contributes to the environmental ecology. This study covers the recycling of 100% acrylic yarn waste, which is pre-consumer waste, by mechanical method and reuse in acrylic yarn production. For this purpose, Ne 20/1 yarns were produced with the same production parameters by blending acrylic fiber recycled from waste yarn with acrylic virgin fiber at 20%, 30%, and 40% ratios. Furthermore, a sample was produced from virgin acrylic fiber for investigation. The tenacity, elongation, unevenness, IPI, and hairiness properties of these produced yarns were determined. Single jersey fabrics were produced by using these yarns in an SDL ATLAS sample knitting machine. Fabric weight, course per cm, wale per cm, air permeability, bursting strength, bursting height, and pilling properties were analyzed. Test results show that the blend ratio of recycled acrylic fiber has a significant effect on yarn properties. On the other hand, it was found that this parameter has no significant effect on fabric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research aimed to use waste to treat waste; to recycling of acrylic fibers waste combined with nano-chitosan for use as an adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Acrylic fibers (AF) waste were mixed with nano-chitosan (NCh) with different ratios and converted into films by using phase inversion method to prepare two nanocomposites films coded, AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin. The nanocomposites films have been characterized using; Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, surface area, and thermal analysis. The results revealed successful incorporation of NCh into AF matrix with highly porous structure. Different parameters affecting adsorption efficiency such as, CR concentrations, adsorbent dose, effect of time and pH were employed. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies evaluations were applied to assess the adsorption mechanism and rate. Results declared that, the maximum adsorption capacities of AF-NCh and AF-NCh-Epichlorohydrin were 169 and 230 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic mechanism obey Langmuir and pseudo second order models. Regeneration of the synthesized composite films were studied for five cycles and showed relative stable reading with high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental-and-informational technology for studying tubular structures of rocket-and-space equipment made of carbon plastic under the action of internal overpressure was developed in this study. A comparative assessment of the tightness and strength of structures made of six types of polymer composite materials, in particular, modified by treatment with high-energy plasma flows of dielectric barrier discharge fibers in acrylic acid (C3H4O2) and allylamine (C3H7N) media was performed. The applicability of modification treatment of composite polymeric materials was proved, which allows an increase in their strength characteristics by up to 25% compared with the original material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of aqueous rechargeable zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries is still plagued by the polyiodide shuttle issue, which frequently causes batteries to have inadequate cycle lifetimes. In this study, quaternization engineering based on the concept of "electric double layer" is developed on a commercial acrylic fiber skeleton ($1.55–1.7 kg−1) to precisely constrain the polyiodide and enhance the cycling durability of Zn‐I2 batteries. Consequently, a high‐rate (1 C–146.1 mAh g−1, 10 C–133.8 mAh g−1) as well as, ultra‐stable (2000 cycles at 20 C with 97.24% capacity retention) polymer‐based Zn‐I2 battery is reported. These traits are derived from the strong electrostatic interaction generated by quaternization engineering, which significantly eliminates the polyiodide shuttle issue and simultaneously realizes peculiar solution‐based iodine chemistry (I−/I3−) in Zn‐I2 batteries. The quaternization strategy also presents high practicability, reliability, and extensibility in various complicated environments. In particular, cutting‐edge Zn‐I2 batteries based on the concept of derivative material (commercially available quaternized resin) demonstrate ≈100% capacity retention over 17 000 cycles at 20 C. This work provides a general and fresh insight into the design and development of large‐scale, low‐cost, and high‐performance zinc‐iodine batteries, as well as, other novel iodine storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amidoxime and carboxylate containing polymer adsorbent derived from acrylic fiber has shown extremely high efficiencies for extracting critical materials and precious metals from seawater. Among 50 extractable elements, the lanthanides, cobalt, and palladium were ranked near the top with KD values in the order of 107, about an order of magnitude higher than that of uranium. The KD value of the lanthanides increased linearly with the atomic number indicating charge density is a factor controlling trivalent lanthanide extractability in seawater. The data given in this report provides crucial information regarding the strategies of ocean mining of critical materials and precious metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A fibrous material is characterized by its fineness, flexibility and high length/fineness ratio and it is used to reduce noise in indoor rooms due to their porous structure. The aim of this work is focused on investigating the structure of two different fibers (acrylic and polyester) from the analysis of the macrostructural parameters, such as fineness, length and cross-section (solid or hollow). Furthermore, the degree of influence of these parameters on the average sound absorption has been investigated. The sound absorption coefficient of fibers is measured at normal incidence in the impedance tube. In acrylic fibers, results showed that the fineness of the fiber has a significant influence on the sound absorption compared to the length of the fiber. In polyester fibers, hollow fibers have a better acoustic behavior compared to solid fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, to mimic the hydrophilic character of cotton, the industrially prominent polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were enriched by polar OH-groups via the graft copolymerization technique. For this purpose, the grafting of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was ensured in the high graft yields (∼95%). The effects of polymerization conditions such as the solvent selection, initiator type and concentration, monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, and time were investigated for the highest graft yield, where the fiber's dimensional stability is preserved. The changes in the structural, thermal, and morphological properties of PAN-g-HEMA fibers were executed by ATR-FTIR, 1H-NMR, TGA, and SEM techniques. Depending on the modified fibers' grafting yields, the changes in the tensile strength, elongation at break, moisture, and water retention properties were investigated. It was obtained that the moisture absorption of PAN fiber (2%) reached 15.7% after grafting (95% graft yield). The dyeability of the modified fibers was studied with a direct dye (Direct Black 38), which is conventionally employed for cellulose dyeing, by monitoring with the L*a*b* color measurements and K/S color strength. 0.049 g of dye was adsorbed by 1 g of PAN-g-HEMA fiber containing 68% of HEMA at pH 11 for 120 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and bioaccumulative substances that have many adverse effects on human bodies. This study investigated the PFASs distribution characteristics in urine samples of workers from an acrylic fiber plant and a chemical plant. It was found that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was the predominant PFASs both in urine samples from the chemical plant (detection frequency: 86.52%; median value: 39.01 ng/mL) and the acrylic fiber plant (detection frequency: 88.16%; median value: 44.36 ng/mL). Meanwhile, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected with very low frequencies and low concentrations. Furthermore, the results showed that PFASs levels in urine samples of workers from different units of the plants were quite different. PFASs concentrations of urine samples in males were higher than those in females, especially for PFBA, PFHxA, and PFDoA. The age had limited effects on the PFASs distribution in urine samples in this study, as short-chain PFASs were the dominant compounds. The correlations between PFASs concentrations in urine and gender/ages of workers were finally analyzed by Pearson correlation. The overall results may indicate that short-chain PFASs (such as: PFBA and PFBS) were becoming dominant for human exposure, especially occupational workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the morphological, physical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties of untreated and various chemically treated natural fibers extracted from the petioles of the Phoenix sp. plants. The outcome of morphological analysis revealed that the treated Phoenix sp. fibers have tiny protrusions on its surface which promotes the mechanical interlocking between fiber and matrix. The physical and chemical analysis ensured that the chemical treatments had a positive impact. The chemical functional groups present in the Phoenix sp. fibers were confirmed through FTIR analysis. The improvement in crystallinity index values of treated fibers was confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis. The fiber treated with acrylic acid exhibited the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus of 466.35 MPa and 9.26 GPa, respectively. The thermal stability of the Phoenix sp. fiber was examined through thermogravimetric analysis and it revealed that the treated fibers have better thermal stability. The above results concluded that the Phoenix sp. fiber is an appropriate reinforcement material for preparing polymer matrix composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research endeavor explores the durability, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of untreated and various chemically treated rattan fibers to find its potential as reinforcement in fabrication of advanced composite materials. The extracted rattan fibers were gone through various chemical treatments (i.e alkali and acrylic acid). The most important limitation of plant fibers use is low material durability. So the durability of treated rattan fibers has been investigated in three different mediums. Here the results of experiments on rattan fibers were presented. From the results, it is observed that acrylic acid–treated fibers are found to retain higher percentages of their initial strength than all other fibers, after the specified period of exposure in the various mediums. Further, their characterization was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Hence, acrylic acid–treated fibers can be a good potential candidate for reinforcement in polymeric matrices for the fabrication of advanced composite for different structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylie fiber was prepared by wet spinning with sodium thiocyanate, and the effects of temperature, time and shrinkage on fiber properties during densification were studied. The results show that the optimum densification temperature of acrylic fiber is 110℃ and the densification time is about 90 s. A certain shrinkage rate should be given in the densification process to improve the densification effect. With the increase of fiber shrinkage during densification, the density of the densified fiber increases, the orientation degree decreases, the specific strength at break decreases and the elongation at break increases. After densification, the cross section of the fiber changes from coarse to fine, which indicates that the inhomogeneity in the fiber is eliminated and the structure becomes dense during densification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Traumatic dental injuries at the anterior region of the maxilla occur frequently in children and adults. In this case report, we aimed to describe the temporary aesthetic restoration of the upper lateral incisor with a fiber-reinforced bridge by using the original tooth crown, which had avulsed after dental trauma. Methodology: Case 1: A 14-year-old girl with an avulsion in tooth #11 due to trauma visited our clinic. During the examination, it was seen that the wound had healed, and there was no luxation in teeth #21 and #12. Since the patient could not undergo prosthetic procedures, for reasons including implants, and did not want a removable prosthesis, a single crown supported by acrylic tooth fibers was constructed. Case 2: A 17-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic because of an avulsed left lateral incisor tooth, which was traumatized 15 days before visiting the clinic. His medical history revealed that his parents had found the tooth two hours after the trauma. However, the emergency clinic that he had previously visited did reimplant that tooth and repaired it with fiber-reinforced composite. Case 3: In the examination of a 12-year-old male patient who applied to our clinic due to trauma, it was observed that tooth #11 had an avulsion and tooth #12 had a crown fracture. Root canal treatment was performed. A crown was made for the patient by supporting the fiber inside the canals of tooth #11 and tooth #21. It was revised aesthetically with the support of the crown of the other tooth. Conclusion: Avulsion after anterior trauma affects patients' appearance aesthetically; thus, patients want to be treated as soon as possible. Function, phonation, and aesthetics must be quickly provided for a loose anterior tooth. Fiber-reinforced adhesive bridge techniques may be considered as a temporary treatment for providing an aesthetically appealing appearance until the completion of permanent prosthetic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic composites with nickel nanoparticles synthesized by the method of the electrical explosion of wire were prepared with acrylic copolymer containing 95 wt.% of butylacrylate and 5 wt.% of methacrylic acid. Two series of composites were made with Ni content covering the range from 5 to 90 wt.% and differing in the degree of aggregation. In one series of composites, the aggregates were irregularly shaped globules with dimensions varying in 1-40 μlm range. In the other, chain-like fragments were observed. As expected, the saturation magnetization value of the composites showed a linear dependence on concentration but the coercive field was slightly higher for the aggregated case for a given concentration. Microwave absorption studies of the composites showed both strong zero field absorption and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The FMR results were different for the two types of samples; however, each set can be explained by taking into account the distribution of local magnetic fields due to random positions of the particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New carboxyl ion‐exchange fibers prepared by acrylic acid (AA) and N, N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBAA) monomer grafting to polypropylene (PP) fibers based on the method of γ‐rays pre‐irradiation in air followed by a Mohr's salt redox initiation of grafting reaction were studied. Grafting degree, homopolymer quantity, monomer conversion and grafting efficiency were determined. FTIR spectroscopy was used to establish the nature of the grafted fibers. The thermal stability of the materials was investigated based on DSC analysis in N2/O2 mixture. The long‐term stability during 6–8 years of storage was examined by the measurement of the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the fibers, and the chemical oxygen demand in water extracts as well as in the oxygen uptake experiments. The influence of some factors on the useful life of the grafted fibers was studied: a MBAA cross‐linking, exposure to day light, the Fe (III) residue presence, a grafting reaction temperature. It was found that small amounts of the adsorbed Fe (III) ions increase the deterioration rate of the grafted fibers, while small amounts of MBAA delay this negative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to develop environment-friendly, comfortable and functional yarns, the characteristics of 1.0 dtex fine denier volcanic acrylic fiber, soybean fiber, viscose and Xinjiang cotton were introduced, and the production method of viscose/ volcanic acrylic fiber/ soybean fiber/ combed cotton siro-compact spinning blended yarn was discussed. According to the performance characteristics of the four kinds of fibers and yarn-forming quality requirements, a mix spinning method of viscose, volcanic acrylic fiber and soybean fiber was adopted to make pre-drawing strips, and then three strips were mixed and drawn with combed cotton slipper. The blending ratio was controlled to be 50/20/20/10 for viscose/ volcanic acrylic fiber/ combed cotton/ soybean fiber. In addition, the technological measures of each process are improved, in opening and carding process, the speed of the moving parts decreases, in drawing process, temperature is 24 °C to 32 °C, relative humidity is 65% -70%, and the viscose/ volcanic acrylic fiber/ soybean fiber/ combed cotton multi-component blended knitting yarn is successfully developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is the production of a nanofiber membrane from industrial wastes by using the electrospinning technique and determination of its filtration performance. Industrial wastes such as low-density polyethylene shrink film packaging (LDPEWs) and acrylic fiber (AFWs) were used as raw materials to reduce the cost of membrane production as an alternative to expensive commercial membranes. Experiments were carried out to find suitable solvents in order to solve the LDPEWs and AFWs before the electrospinning process, and optimum mixing ratios were determined. After determining the optimum solvent mixture of LDPEWs-AFWs and their proportions, nanofibers were produced by electrospinning process on the surface polypropylene (PP) nonwoven support layer, and their structures were examined. Under optimum conditions, a hydrophilic electrospun membrane with 0.478 µm pore size (MF-microfiltration), 230 nm nanofiber diameter and 20° liquid-membrane contact angle were obtained under optimum conditions, and a membrane module was created to use in wastewater filtration experiments. In order to determine filtration performance of the produced membrane, permeability and wastewater filtration tests were carried out by using real wastewater, and high pollutant removal rates (> 95%) were obtained in our experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]