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The development of a flow chemistry approach to the anti-fungal fluconazole is described. A continuous, two-reactor, three-step synthesis of fluconazole from 2-chloro-2′,4′-difluoroacetophenone was achieved with no intermediate purification. The synthesis has been successfully demonstrated on a Vapourtec commercial flow chemistry system.ᅟ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

series of two biologically active Schiff base ligands HL1 and HL2 have been synthesized in equimolar reaction of acetophenone derivative and different amines. The synthesized Schiff bases were used for complexation with different metal ions like Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) by using a molar ratio of ligand : metal as 1:1. The characterization of Schiff bases and metal complexes was done by 1H NMR, UV-Vis, IR, Mass spectrometry and molar conductivity studies. On the basis of the spectral studies an octahedral geometry has been assigned for Co(II), Ni(II) and tetrahedral for Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. All the synthesized compounds were studied for their in vitro antimicrobial activities, against four bacterial strains and two fungal strains by using serial dilution method. The data also revealed that the metal complexes showed better activity than the ligands due to chelation/coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chiral chlorohydrins are used as intermediates in the synthesis of various compounds with biological activities. This paper reports the synthesis of α-chloroketones 2a–c with oxone® and NH 4 Cl at reflux via 30 min of exposure to microwave irradiation and conventional heating, in situ, followed by reduction with whole cells of marine-derived fungi (Penicillium citrinum CBMAI 1186, Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847, Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935, Penicillium raistrickii CBMAI 931, and Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1185), yielding the respective chlorohydrins 3a–c with good conversion (32–97%) and enantioselectivities (60–94%). This is the first study involving the synthesis of α-chlorophenones in situ followed by biocatalytic reduction from whole cells of marine-derived fungi to obtain enantio-enriched chlorohydrins 3a–c. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • Synthesis of α-chloroketones with oxone® and NH 4 Cl under microwave irradiation and conventional heating. • Synthesis of α-chlorophenones in situ followed by biocatalytic reduction. • Fungi marine used in the obtaining of chiral chlorohydrins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of acetophenone derivatives ( 10a – 10i , 11 , 12a – 12g , 13a – 13g , 14a – 14d and 15a – 15l ) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo . The antifungal activities of 53 compounds were tested against several plant pathogens, and their structure–activity relationship was summarized. Compounds 10a – 10f displayed better antifungal effects than two reference fungicides. Interestingly, the most potent compound 10d exhibited antifungal properties against Cytospora sp., Botrytis cinerea , Magnaporthe grisea , with IC 50 values of 6.0–22.6 µg/mL, especially Cytospora sp. (IC 50  = 6.0 µg/mL). In the in vivo antifungal assays, 10d displayed the significant protective efficacy of 55.3% to Botrytis cinerea and 73.1% to Cytospora sp. The findings indicated that 10d may act as a potential pesticide lead compound that merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly effectual synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin- 2(1H)-ones via the one-pot multicomponent reaction of acetophenones with arylaldehydes and urea in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride and a catalytic amount of the ionic liquid N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediaminium-N,N'-disulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([TMEDSA][HSO4]2) under solvent-free conditions has been described. The reaction results and conditions of the catalytic system have been compared with previously reported catalysts. [TMEDSA][HSO4]2 afforded better results in comparison with the reported catalysts in terms of one or more of these factors: yield, temperature, the reaction media, time, and generality. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism based on dual functionality of the catalyst has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After tea leaves, tea ( Camellia sinensis ) flowers are becoming a second tea plant resource because they contain not only functional metabolites similar to those found in tea leaves, but also predominant amounts of functional metabolites that only occur in tea leaves in small amounts. 1-Phenylethanol (1PE) is a predominant aroma compound found in tea flowers. A 1PE synthase in tea flowers was isolated, functionally characterized, and shown to have the highest catalytic efficiency for the conversion of acetophenone (AP). To determine why 1PE accumulates more in tea flowers than other plants, we compared their 1PE contents and used a stable isotope labeling method to elucidate the 1PE biosynthetic route. Supplementation with [ 2 H 8 ] l -phenylalanine and [ 2 H 5 ]AP suggested that most plants containing the enzyme/gene catalyzed the conversion of AP to 1PE. Furthermore, the availability of AP derived from l -phenylalanine was responsible for the difference in 1PE accumulation between tea flowers and other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we first describe finely tunable chemoselectivity in arylation of 3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazolones with ortho-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflates, including O-arylation enabled by catalytic amount of silver nitrate and metal-free N-arylation. Both the arylation reactions can tolerate a series of functional groups, and afford the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acetophenones are phenolic metabolites of plant species. A metabolic route for the biosynthesis and release of 2 defence‐related hydroxyacetophenones in white spruce (Picea glauca) was recently proposed to involve 3 phases: (a) biosynthesis of the acetophenone aglycons catalysed by a currently unknown set of enzymes, (b) formation and accumulation of the corresponding glycosides catalysed by a glucosyltransferase, and (c) release of the aglycons catalysed by a glucosylhydrolase (PgβGLU‐1). We tested if this biosynthetic model is conserved across Pinaceae and land plant species. We assayed and surveyed the literature and sequence databases for possible patterns of the presence of the acetophenone aglycons piceol and pungenol and their glucosides, as well as sequences and expression of Pgβglu‐1 orthologues. In the Pinaceae, the 3 phases of the biosynthetic model are present and differences in expression of Pgβglu‐1 gene orthologues explain some of the interspecific variation in hydroxyacetophenones. The phylogenetic signal in the metabolite phenotypes was low across species of 6 plant divisions. Putative orthologues of PgβGLU‐1 do not form a monophyletic group in species producing hydroxyacetophenones. The biosynthetic model for acetophenones appears to be conserved across Pinaceae, whereas convergent evolution has led to the production of acetophenone glucosides across land plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A highly para‐selective CAr−H difluoromethylation of ketoxime ethers under ruthenium catalysis has been developed. A wide variety of ketoxime ethers are compatible with the reaction, which leads to the corresponding para‐difluoromethylated products in moderate to good yield. A mechanistic study clearly showed that chelation‐assisted cycloruthenation is the key factor in the para selectivity of the difluoromethylation of ketoxime ethers. Density functional theory was used to gain a theoretical understanding of the para selectivity.# [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acylation is an effective C−C bond-forming reaction to condense acetic acid and lignin-derived aromatic compounds into acetophenones, valuable precursors to fuels and chemicals. However, acetic acid is intrinsically an ineffective acylating agent. Here, we report that its acylation activity can be greatly enhanced by forming intermediate aromatic esters directly derived from acetic acid and phenolic compounds. Additionally, the acylation reaction was studied in the liquid phase over acid zeolites and was found to happen in two steps: 1) formation of an acylium ion and 2) C−C bond formation between the acylium ion and the aromatic substrate. Each of these steps may be rate-limiting, depending on the type of acylating agent and the aromatic substrate. Oxygen-containing substituents, such as −OH and −OCH3, can activate aromatic substrates for step 2, with −OH> −OCH3, whereas alkyl substituent −R cannot. At the same time, aromatic esters can rearrange to acetophenones by both an intramolecular pathway and, preferentially, an intermolecular one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple biocatalytic reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives was investigated in aqueous medium using soaked Rajma. The bioreduction process exhibited anti-Prelog specificity and furnished (R)-carbinols. This non-conventional bioreduction process showed a broad substrate specificity and chiral selectivity and could therefore provide a practical utility to traditional synthetic chemists for the preparation of chiral carbinols in terms of simplicity, and in an environmentally benign way. Being an easy and handy protocol, it also represents the possibility of scaling up the process to be used in organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New insight of the formation mechanism of chalcones is presented in the current study. Ab initio calculations were applied in studying the mechanistic pathways for the base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation for obtaining chalcones (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ons). The energies of the stationary points along the reaction coordinate were obtained at two levels of theory-MP2/6-31 + G(d,p) and SCS-MP2/6-31 + G(d,p). The role of water in the reaction mechanisms is examined. The theoretical results show that the process is catalyzed by an ancillary water molecule. The reaction mechanism, proposed in this study, consists of two reactions-an activation of the acetophenone by a removal of proton is followed by the attack of the formed acetophenone anion to the aromatic aldehyde, which through few steps leads to the formation of the final product-chalcone. The first reaction proceeds very fast in one step while the second reaction goes through four steps and three intermediate complexes before the formation of the final product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method for the preparation of α,α-dibromoacetophenones from aromatic alkenes was reported. This procedure was mediated by 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, which served as bifunctional reagent, proceeding oxidation and bromination in one-pot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure has been proposed for the synthesis of ( S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol, an important building block for the preparation of medicinal agents possessing antidiabetic, antidepressant, and antirabic activity, as well as of antifeedants and antiparasitic, antimicrobial, and antifungal metabolites, by enantioselective bioreduction of acetophenone. Different exogenous reducing agents (propan-2-ol, ethanol, and glucose) were tried to improve the yield of the target product and its enantiomeric purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, five different Schiff bases of acetophenone were synthesized with aniline (AL1) and its mono- and di-chloro derivatives including ortho-chloroaniline (AL2), metachloroaniline (AL3), para-chloroaniline (AL4), and 2,4-dichloroaniline (AL5) and were characterized using GC-MS (gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer), ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. Antioxidant properties of the bases were evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential), reducing power, phosphomolybdate and lipid peroxidation assays. None of the synthesized compounds responded to DPPH assay. All synthesized compounds responded moderately to FRAP, reducing power and phosphomolybdate assay, and had effective lipid peroxidation inhibition power. Since few prepared bases inhibits Urease and Protease, hence it shows Schiff Bases have such properties. Prepared Schiff Bases show low to moderate antibacterial activity against most of the bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and methyl benzoylformate with 2-propanol has been studied on rhodium nanoparticles obtained by the reduction of rhodium(I) complexes in the presence of optically active compounds, including chiral diamine S , S -DIODMA, (4 S ,5 S )- N 4 , N 4 , N 5 , N 5 ,2,2-hexamethyl-4,5-bis-(aminomethylene)-1,3-dioxolane, quaternary diammonium salt (4 S ,5 S )-(-)- N 1 , N 4 -dibenzyl-2,3-dihydroxy- N 1 , N 1 , N 4 , N 4 -tetramethylbutane-1,4-diammonium dichloride, and (8 S ,9 R )-(-)-cinchonidine. Increasing the modifier to Rh ratio leads to an increase in the enantiomeric excess ( ee ) of the reaction products. The greatest ee values (43.8% for ( R )-1-phenylethanol and 58.2% for the methyl ester of ( R )-mandelic acid) were achieved at (8 S ,9 R )-(-)-cinchonidine/Rh ratios of 9:1 and 3:1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Two D-π-A-type 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone derivatives, namely, 4′-(4-( N, N-diphenyl)amino-phenyl)-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (PI-Ben) and 4′-(4-(7-( N, N-diphenylamino)-9,9-dimethyl- 9H-fluoren-2-yl)-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (PI-Flu), are developed as high-performance photoinitiators combined with an amine or an iodonium salt for both the free-radical polymerization of acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides and vinyl ether upon exposure to near-UV and visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs; e.g., 365, 385, 405, and 450 nm). The photochemical mechanisms are investigated by UV-Vis spectra, molecular-orbital calculations, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, photolysis, and electron-spin-resonance spin-trapping techniques. Compared with 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone, both photoinitiators exhibit larger redshift of the absorption spectra and higher molar-extinction coefficients. PI-Ben and PI-Flu themselves can produce free radicals to initiate the polymerization of acrylate without any added hydrogen donor. These novel D-π-A type trifluoroacetophenone-based photoinitiating systems exhibit good efficiencies (acrylate conversion = 48%-66%; epoxide conversion = 85%-95%; LEDs at 365-450 nm exposure) even in low-concentration initiators (0.5%, w/w) and very low curing light intensities (1-2 mW cm−2). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1945-1954 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new chalcone derivatives containing the 1,2,3-triazole ring system, namely, ( E)-1-(aryl)-3-{3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(1-(aryl)-1 H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}prop-2-en-1-ones, were synthesized in 65-88% yield by the 'click chemistry' reactions of substituted acetophenones, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde, and different substituted azides. The structure of the compounds was determined by the FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR, and mass spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 6a-6l were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity by the agar disc diffusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Figure not available: see fulltext.] We have synthesized novel linear and angular furoquinolines via the Rap-Stoermer reaction by conventional as well as microwave method that furnished an enhanced yield. Initially, we synthesized linear furo[2,3- b]quinolines from 3-acetyl-6-chloro-4-phenyl-1 H-quinolin-2-one and three different α-halocarbonyl compounds: chloroacetophenone, ethyl chloroacetate, and chloroacetamide. The scope of the methodology was further extended to the synthesis of angular furo[3,2- c]quinolines by utilizing 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-1 H-quinolin-2-one and α-halocarbonyl compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substituted thiosemicarbazide moiety was placed at the C-2 position and 2-methylphenyl group at N-3 position of quinazoline ring and obtained compounds were tested for their antitubercular activities and antibacterial activities against selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The target compounds 1-(3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)-4-(substituted) thiosemicarbazides were obtained by the reaction of 2-hydrazino-3-(2-methylphenyl) quinazolin-4(3 H)-one with different dithiocarbamic acid methyl ester derivatives. All synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activity against selective gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by agar dilution method. Among the series, 1-[3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-3 H-quinazolin-2-yl]-4-[4-chlorophenyl]-thiosemicarbazide exhibited the most potent activity against S. typhi, E. coli, and B. subtilis, while 1-[3-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-3 H-quinazolin-2-yl]-4-[4-nitrophenyl]-thiosemicarbazide was the most potent against E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. flexneri. These two compounds exhibited the antitubercular activity at the minimum concentration (3 μg/mL) that offered potential for further optimization and development of new antitubercular agents. The obtained results demonstrated promising antimicrobial and antitubercular activities of the synthesized quinazoline compounds which could be used as new scaffolds for improving their antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aerobic catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to produce acetophenone over an effective and robust heterogeneous Ti–Zr–Co has been studied. Under the optimum conditions, a high selectivity of 69.2% to acetophenone was obtained at a 61.9% conversion of ethylbenzene over Ti–Zr–Co catalyst, which is much better than the most results reported with heterogeneous catalysts. The catalytic performance and the active species of Ti–Zr–Co catalyst were discussed based on the changes of conversion and selectivity with varying the annealing temperature and atmosphere. It is confirmed that the surface CoO, Co 3 O 4 species are the active sites, and the bulk structure of the alloy, CoTi 2 phase also present a large effect on the catalytic activity in present oxidation. As a cheap, robust and separable catalyst as well as a green oxidant is used, the present work provides a facile and green catalytic process for the oxidation of hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient one-pot method is described for the construction of [1,4]thiazepino[5,4-a]isoquinolines containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds by a sequential four-component domino reaction of isoquinoline, a 2-bromoacetophenone, an aryl isothiocyanate, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines is described. Heating a mixture of an acetophenone, a benzyl halide, and ammonium acetate under neat conditions afforded the corresponding Kröhnke pyridines in excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed direct oxidative coupling of styrenes with aldehydes has been described for the synthesis of a,b-epoxy ketones in good yields. This unprecedented regioselective oxidative coupling employs NBS/DBU/DMSO (DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4. 0] undec-7- ene, DMSO=dimethylsulfoxide, NBS=N-bromosuccinimide) as an oxidative system at ambient conditions. Additionally, first NHC-catalyzed Darzens reaction of a-bromoketones and aldehydes under mild reaction conditions has also been described. Interestingly, mechanistic studies have revealed the preferred reactivity of NHC with alkene/a-bromoketone rather than aldehydes, thus proceeding via the ketodeoxy Breslow intermediate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel N -phenylbenzamide and N -phenylacetophenone compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against HCV and EV71 (strain SZ-98). The biological results showed that three compounds ( 23 , 25 and 41 ) exhibited considerable anti-HCV activity (IC 50 =0.57–7.12 μmol/L) and several compounds ( 23 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 and 42 ) displayed potent activity against EV71 with the IC 50 values lower than 5.00 μmol/L. The potency of compound 23 (IC 50 =0.57 μmol/L) was superior to that of reported compounds IMB-1f (IC 50 =1.90 μmol/L) and IMB-1g (IC 50 =1.00 μmol/L) as anti-HCV agents, and compound 29 possessed the highest anti-EV71 activity, comparable to the comparator drug pirodavir. The efficacy in vivo and antiviral mechanism of these compounds warrant further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel strategy for the cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of acetophenone hydrazones and aldehydes has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted pyrazoles. This work, for the first time, uses elemental sulfur as a promoter as well as a hydrogen acceptor in effecting the Csp³-Csp² bond formation via C-H activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 1-aryl-3-(cyclicamino)-prop-2-en-1-one analogs was synthesized from commercial acetophenones in 2 or 3 steps. Compound 6 , ( E )-3-(piperidinyl)-1-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one, exhibited the unique shape and intensity of the C sp2 N CH 2 peaks in the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra. Variable temperature (VT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of 6 revealed that the piperidine ring has a lower energy barrier to rotation than the 5-membered pyrrolidine 9 due to the less effective π electron delocalization along the C sp2 N bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclohexadienones participate in a two-step procedure, a Michael addition followed by aromatization, providing hitherto difficult-to-synthesize meta-functionalized phenol derivatives in good yield. Application of the developed approach is exemplified by synthesizing C-aryl acetophenones, C-aryl glycines, and elemicin - an allylphenol natural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In a previous study we reported the synthesis of a series of apocynin derivatives. Although the anti-inflammatory activity of them contributes to these cytoprotective effects. However, the mechanisms and effects of improving LPS-induced ALI in vivo remain unknown, so the purpose of our investigation was designed to reveal the effect of apocynin derivatives on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. The present study showed that apocynin derivatives reduces overall protein levels and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) level, inhibits the activation of NADPH oxidase, and increases the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Especially, compound 11 significantly reduces pulmonary vascular permeability, white blood cell content and protein expressions of p67phox and p47phox. These results suggest that compound 11 can ameliorate ALI induced by LPS through inhibition of NADPH oxidase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Different strategies for the synthesis of 2′-hydroxy-4′-methylsulfonylacetophenone are reported in the present paper. This compound is considered as a key synthon for the synthesis of new flavonoid derivatives designed as potential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. The retrosynthetic approach via 3′-methylsulfonylacetophenone, which included three synthetic pathways, did not allow us to obtain the expected compound. However, a synthesis from 3-mercaptophenol led to the desired acetophenone in three steps: thiophenol methylation, Friedel–Crafts acetylation and oxidation of the sulphide to the corresponding sulfone. The desired compound, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methylsulfonylacetophenone, will be used as a synthon for the preparation of novel flavonoid derivatives, such as 2′-hydroxychalcones, flavanones, flavones, and flavonols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A phloroacetophenon[4]arene (3) consisting of four isomers was synthesised for the first time via the condensation of phloroacetophenone and benzaldehyde in a one-pot reaction with refluxing toluene in the presence of catalytic amounts of TsOH·H2O for a maximum yield of 64%. The conformational elucidation of four isomers (3a–d) by1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis showed them to be cone, partial cone, 1,3-alternate and 1,2-alternate types of conformations, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cadmium(II) acetophenone thiosemicarbazone complex has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C{1H}) spectroscopic techniques. Its single crystal structure has also been determined. The compound is found to be monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a =12.1020(3)Å, b =11.7410(3)Å, c =19.4050(8)Å, β =109.903(1)° and Z =4. The coordination geometry around the cadmium atom was found to be tetrahedral with coordination from two sulfur atoms of neutral ligands and two iodine atoms. The complex was exploited as a single source precursor for the synthesis of CdS nanocrystallites using the solvothermal decomposition and pyrolysis method and for thin films using the aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique. In the solvothermal process, aliquots of the reaction mixture were taken out after 30min, 1, 2 and 5h time intervals to study the time dependent size and morphology of the nanomaterials. The obtained nanomaterials and thin films were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, selected area electron diffraction pattern, UV–Vis, Photoluminescence, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Peak broadening in the X-ray diffraction showed the presence of smaller size CdS nanocrystals. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the presence of spherical shaped CdS nanocrystallites. Selected area electron diffraction pattern supported formation of hexagonal CdS. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed a 1:1 stoichiometry of Cd and S. Morphological studies of thin films were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. The vibrational properties of CdS were studied by Raman spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthesis of arylidene acetophenones have been achieved by using the microwave heating in comparison to the conventional heating. In this work compound 1-phenyle-3-(4-droxyphenyle)-2-propen-1-one, 1-(4-chlorophenyle)-3-phenyle-2-propen-1- one, and 1-(4-chlorophenyle)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyle)-2-propen-1-one have been synthesized by the condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes and substituted acetophenones under microwave irradiation. The compounds of aldehydes and acetophenones were used as benzaldehyde, parahydroxybenzaldehyde, acetophenone, and parachloroacetophenone. The result shows that the time taken for the reaction was reduced from the conventional 1-2 hours to 60-120 seconds. The yield of the compounds in the conventional heating was moderate while the highest yield of 90-98% was observed in MWI method. The structure of the compounds was characterized by their IR, ¹H-NMR spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copolymer resin, p-chloroacetophenone oxime-furfuraldehyde (CAOFU), and a terpolymer resin, p-chloroacetophenone oxime-formaldehyde-benzoic acid (CAOFUBA), were synthesized in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst. The structures of copolymer and terpolymer were established by FT-IR and 1H NMR techniques. Molecular weight and polydispersity index were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Softening temperatures (Ts) of these polymers were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All the synthesized polymers have shown reasonably good antimicrobial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of copper(I) complexes and cumene hydroperoxides was examined to demonstrate that heterolytic O-O bond cleavage of the peroxides proceeds predominantly to give the corresponding alcohols (cumyl alcohols) as the major product, when the stoichiometry of CuI/peroxide is 2:1. The result is in sharp contrast to the 1:1 reaction between the copper(II) complexes and cumene hydroperoxide, which provides the ketone (acetophenone) as the major product through homolytic O-O bond cleavage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and practical copper-catalyzed reductive amination was discovered. In the presence of easily available and inexpensive Cu(OAc)2 various ketones react with anilines and molecular hydrogen to give the desired amines in high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The synthesis of 4′-nonafluorobutylacetophenone by metal-assisted cross-coupling reaction of 1-iodo-perfluorobutane and 4′-bromoacetophenone is presented. The effect of metal (iron, copper) metal salt (copper(I) bromide, copper(II) chloride), ligand (2,2′-bipyridine, N,N,N′,N″,N‴,N‴-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine, N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine), and solvent (N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide) was studied in order to elucidate their role in the optimization of the reaction conditions. The best conditions were found for the reaction carried out in presence of copper as catalyst, 2,2-bipyridine as ligand and in presence of N,N-dimethylformamide as solvent that led to 73% yield of the desired product (for a quantitative conversion of both 1-iodo-perfluorobutane and 4′-bromoacetophenone). The resulting product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, IR, and mass spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A simple, convenient and high yielding method for the synthesis of 1-(substituted phenyl)-3-methyl propane 1,3-dione from substituted acetophenones have been developed. This method provides several advantages such as shorter reaction time, high yields (78-90%) and simple work-up procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the mechanism of transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone catalyzed by ruthenium-acetamido complex was studied using density function theory (DFT) method. The catalytic cycle of transfer hydrogenation consists of hydrogen transfer (HT) step and dehydrogenation (DH) step of isopropanol (IPA). Inner sphere mechanism (paths 1 and 7) and outer sphere mechanism (paths 2-6) in HT step are fully investigated. Calculated results indicate that DH step of IPA (from i1 to i2) is the rate-determining step in the whole catalytic cycle, which has a potential energy barrier of 16.2 kcal/mol. On the other hand, the maximum potential energy barriers of paths 1-7 in the HT step are 5.9, 12.7, 24.4, 16.8, 23.7, 7.2, and 6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The inner sphere pathways (paths 1 and 7) are favorable hydrogen transfer modes compared with outer sphere pathways, and the proton transferred to the oxygen atom of acetophenone comes from the hydroxyl group but not from amino group of acetamido ligand. Those theoretical results are in agreement with experimental report. However, in view of this DFT study in the inner sphere mechanism of HT step, hydride transfer and proton transfer are concerted and asynchronous hydrogen transfer but not a stepwise one, and hydride transfer precedes proton transfer in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-pot, three components coupling of aryl aldehyde, acetophenone, and ammonium acetate was performed to afford the corresponding 2,4,6-triarylpyridines (TAP1–17). TheTAP1–17were synthesized in the presence of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2.6H2O) via an improved Chichibabin pyridine synthesis protocol. This study has shown that CoCl2.6H2O promotes this reaction in comparison to other transition metal salt such as with FeCl3, NiCl2.6H2O, CuCl2.2H2O, CdCl2.H2O, SbCl3, SnCl2.2H2O, and ZnCl2. This method has several advantages, for example, excellent yields, short reaction times, easy work up, and solvent-free condition. Also, this catalyst was recyclable for four consecutive runs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A convenient two-step synthesis of two title substrate (IV) starting from acetophenones is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A domino reaction of aromatic ortho-halo amines and ortho-iodoacetophenones with isocyanides affords 2-amino-3-iminoindoles and 1H-inden-1-ones, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from ortho-bromobenzaldehydes or -acetophenones, The three-step synthesis comprises Heck coupling with ethyl acrylate, reduction of the carbonyl group to an alcohol function and base-mediated cyclization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4-(4-Pyridyl)pyrimidine (I) and its 3-pyridyl-isomer (V) undergo quaternization reactions at the pyridine ring in reactions with bromoacetophenones, whilst the 4-(2-pyridyl)pyrimidine (VIII) suffers quaternization at the pyrimidine ring due to steric hindrance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple procedure is elaborated for the oxidative coupling of acetophenones with secondary amines leading to α-ketoamides (III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting direct α-alkylation/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenones is achieved with simple primary aliphatic alcohols using an in situ generated Ru-catalyst having an amino acid hydroxy amide ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetophenones (I) give title compounds (III) or (V) upon reaction with either thiourea (II) or 2-aminopyridine (IV) in the presence of ionic liquid-supported hypervalent iodine compound ILI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only a range of electronically diverse acetophenones undergo this transformation but also aryl ketones with a longer alkyl chain, as well as cyclic aliphatic ketones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycine-derived esters and amides (I) and (IV) are chemoselectively C-allylated in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a chemical equation from the article "Synthesis of Functionalized Acetophenones by Formal [3 + 3] Cyclocondensations of 1,3-Bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with 3-Alkoxy- and 3-Silyloxy-2-acetyl-2-en-1-ones" by P. Langer et al. in the "Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B."