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Disability is a basic human condition that affects a significant proportion of the world's population, yet many disability- and accessibility-relevant issues remain pressing and insufficiently addressed. With three experiments, the current research investigates potential reasons for why marketplace disability accessibility has not been universally accepted. Potential barriers to greater accessibility in marketplaces may arise because such efforts appear at odds with other salient priorities, at micro (i.e. consumer) and macro (i.e. firm, policy, or societal) levels. In the proposed framework and resulting experiments, micro-level trade-offs prompt perceptions of personal cost and macro-level trade-offs prompt perceptions of firm morality. In turn, these perceptions mediate firm evaluations, showing that consumers at baseline respond negatively to accessibility. Critically, however, several practical interventions emerge from these processes. Marketers can mitigate consumers' negative responses to accessibility by employing simple framing choices such as emphasizing who benefits or noting what the purpose of the offering is. By demonstrating one way to better understand perceptions of the full spectrum of the consumer population, this research provides pathways for consumer researchers to further delve into disability-related research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how the outdoor environment shapes the community mobility of people with visual disabilities is key to designing an accessible public realm and facilitating their rights to use outdoor spaces. A scoping review was conducted to explore 1) What aspects of the built environment affect the community mobility of persons with visual disabilities? and 2) How does the built environment affect the community mobility of persons with visual disabilities? Forty-three peer-reviewed publications from 2000 to 2022 were included after conducting database searches, screening of articles, and data charting. Studies focused on micro-environmental features related to sidewalks and crosswalks (e.g. landmarks, curbs, curb ramps, tactile warning/guiding surfaces, and accessible pedestrian signals), and broad environmental factors (e.g. neighbourhood amenities and street layout) and their influence on orientation, wayfinding, and safety. The paper discusses the role of the built environment in 1) posing barriers to outdoor mobility (e.g. potholes, poorly designed curb cuts, obstacles at waist-height or eye-level, poor lighting, inadequate pedestrian signal, complicated street layout), and 2) offering cues (e.g. visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, kinaesthetic) for spatial perception and navigation. Focusing on how the built environment shapes community mobility is necessary to enhance accessibility through urban planning and design and assistive technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious congregations have been inconsistent in their accessibility to and support of people with disabilities. Limited research has addressed the practices of churches in this area of inclusion. The purpose of this preliminary study was to better understand the landscape of congregational accessibility and explore the accessibility features presently offered in congregations. We randomly surveyed Christian churches in the United States. We analyzed responses from 127 churches using descriptive, correlational, and inferential statistics to determine which accessible features were reported more or less often and how congregational demographics mediated the number and type of accessibility features. Although most congregations offered multiple accessibility features, offerings varied widely. Streaming services, accessible seating, adequate lighting for people with low vision, and gluten-free eucharist elements were the features most commonly offered. Few congregations offered features that conveyed broader efforts to address accessibility. Most respondents indicated that multiple people with varied disabilities participated in their church, though frequency varied widely across types of disabilities. This study provides an initial glimpse into the accessibility practices of Christian churches in the United States. These findings highlight areas of potential reflection and response for churches aiming to support the full participation of people with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of improving the user experience of mobile smart terminals for the elderly, accessibility tools have become an indispensable component of intelligent system frameworks to meet the varying needs of senior citizens for assistance. Nonetheless, the complexity of accessibility assistive tools complicates the lives of some elderly with a lack of cognitive experience to use these tools independently. Our purpose is to study the relationship between the accessibility design elements of smartphones, the emotions, and touch behaviors of elderly users, and to optimize the accessibility design methods of mobile smart terminals. First, we obtained the four interface elements with the most influence on users through a Semantic Differential evaluation involving 50 participants. Second, in a touch event collection experiment, 20 participants' touch data was collected, and an SVM-based correlation model between interface elements, user emotions, and touch behaviors was established. Third, the prototype of the assistive recommender was iterated employing the combination of the correlation model and Genetic Algorithms. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the six touch media recommendations was compared through usability testing. The experimental results indicates that: (1) Emotion-aware accessibility assistive recommendation systems based on haptic recognition can enhance the elderly's ability to access information through mobile terminals. (2) Middle-aged and elderly users have a more robust negative emotion reflection for dragging and swiping on touch screens. (3) Negative emotions of elderly users can assist identify design defects of accessibility tools. Our research work distilled a set of design suggestions for digital accessibility improvement, thereby enhancing the usability and inclusiveness of assistive tools in diverse contexts, and reducing the psychological pressure caused by unfamiliar interfaces. This study supplies a reference for improving the emotional experience of elderly people employing mobile terminals and extending the approach to accessible design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a multidimensional framework for monitoring progress on disability inclusion over time and among countries where reliable, disability disaggregated data is available. However, the SDGs alone do not provide insights into the causes of the social and economic disparities that people with disabilities face or offer specific policy solutions to alleviate them. This paper highlights the extra costs of living with disability in Indonesia to advance the country's commitment to further the rights of people with disabilities. It utilizes three primary estimation methods, combining an analyses of national survey data with primary data from interviews and focus group discussions. Findings reveal significant and varying costs based on disability type, severity and life cycle stages. It also highlights the unaffordability of these costs for most individuals with disabilities and their families. Leveraging these estimates, the paper proposes 'disability concessions' aligned with Indonesia's legal framework on disability inclusion, aiming to alleviate financial burdens through discounts across health, education, utilities and transportation. By contributing to methodological approaches in understanding extra costs of living with disability inclusion in emerging country context and promoting discussions on leveraging the results for disability inclusive policymaking, this paper supplements the SDG framework to foster disability inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) often leads to severe motor impairment in affected children, making independent walking unlikely. Early introduction of motorized mobility through ride-on cars has been recommended for young children with severe motor impairment, enabling independent movement in various environments. This study aims to explore mothers' perceptions of their children's experiences while using ride-on cars at home and in the community, focusing on children with CZS. Methods: This is a qualitative and descriptive study design using the Photovoice method. Four mothers of children with CZS, participating in the 'Go Zika Go' intervention project, were included. The research involved the following six steps: 1) Presentation of guide questions and Photovoice training; 2) Participants capturing photos; 3) Individual interviews to contextualize the photos; 4) Transcription and data analysis using thematic analysis principles; 5) Validation of analyses by mothers; and 6) Exhibition of photos to the community. Results: The mothers and researchers selected the 21 most relevant photographs, which revealed five main themes related to the use of motorized ride-on cars: 1) Experiences of participation; 2) Independence in mobility; 3) Characteristics of mobility devices; 4) Family support; and 5) Accessibility of the environment. Conclusion: The narratives provided by participants, along with photographs depicting the daily lives of children with CZS, shed light on aspects of functionality, autonomy, and participation. The use of these devices contributes to overall equity, breaking down social and cultural barriers and enabling children with disabilities to be seen as equals by their peers. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: To understand the barriers and facilitators experienced by children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) when using motorized ride-on cars at home and in the community can contribute to the planning of interventions aimed at implementing motorized mobility as an intervention modality for children with severe motor and cognitive impairments in low- and middle-income countries. The Photovoice method can be useful to capture the experiences of children with severe disabilities such as Congenital Zika Syndrome while using adapted motorized ride-on cars. Involving mothers of children with severe disabilities as co-researchers can contribute to the advancement of more relevant research for the public/patient, considering that they are specialists by knowledge. The use of motorized mobility for children with CZS can minimize social disadvantages, favor equity in its entirety, providing for the breakdown of cultural and attitudinal barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify correlations between demographic, health-related, environmental factors and the employment status of power wheelchair (PWC) users. Method: We retrospectively analysed semi-structured interviews with 128 participants, their assistants or family members, and the participant's provided medical records. Participants were adult PWC users who applied for grants in purchasing a new PWC for gaining or keeping employment between 2019–2021 in Mazovian Province, Poland. Results: Forty-six PWC users (35.9%) were employed while applying for the financial support programme. Fischer's Exact Test of Independence identified positive correlations between employment and education level (p < 0.001), residing in an urban area (p = 0.02), being employed before starting PWC use (p < 0.001), having vocational rehabilitation (p < 0.001), and living in a relationship (p = 0.002). There were no associations between employment status and sex, age at study entry, age at disability onset, living alone or with others, duration of PWC use, or full or part-time PWC use. Our findings indicate that PWC users are at risk of non-employment and financial hardship. This research may support policies for PWC provision that would support gainful employment. The results show that access to quality education, vocational rehabilitation, and perhaps the physical/emotional support from others in close relationships matter. These aspects should be considered in educational policies, transportation, and physical environmental accessibility for PWC users, supporting their gainful employment. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Paid employment is recognised for its positive impact on the financial situation, health, and overall life satisfaction of power wheelchair users. Rehabilitation professionals can play a crucial role in facilitating the attainment and maintenance of employment throughout the clinical process. Educating power wheelchair users with factors conducive to supporting their employment, such as pursuing advanced education, utilising vocational rehabilitation services, residing in urban areas, fostering meaningful social relationships, and drawing upon previous employment experiences, may improve outcomes. Sex, age, disability cause, duration of disability, and reliance on a power wheelchair as the primary mode of mobility were found to be unrelated to employment status among power wheelchair users. Further investigation into the needs of the power wheelchair user population in their pursuit of gainful employment is justified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cultural inclusion and competence are understood at the most basic level to be the practice of considering culture so as to provide effective services to people of different cultural backgrounds. In order to work better with clients from diverse backgrounds, alcohol and other drug (AOD) services need to offer a service that is designed to be accessible to all people, where systems in place operate in a way that considers different cultural needs. This research aimed to assess the extent to which non‐government AOD services in New South Wales are positioned to support cultural inclusion as well as to evaluate the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit across four AOD sites. Methods: The research adopted a mixed methods approach comprising of a pre‐audit online survey (n = 85) designed to assess AOD services' attitudes and practices towards cultural inclusion, and in‐depth interviews that were conducted with nine AOD service staff and four cultural auditors to explore the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit process. Results: Findings from the survey indicate cultural inclusion practices are limited. Interview data highlight that while staff are not fully aware of what appropriate cultural inclusions entails, they are receptive to and want a cultural inclusion program. Discussion and Conclusions: The study illustrates the benefits of implementing a cultural inclusion audit process aimed at raising awareness of what cultural inclusion entails. Including a cultural inclusion service audit is likely to enhance AOD service provision to culturally and linguistically diverse groups and thereby improve treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the change in the Dietary Diversity (DD) Index of Maya women of reproductive age living in rural areas of the Western Highlands of Guatemala after nutrition, health, and agroecology interventions. Methods: This is a secondary analysis study on DD from two matched groups from three villages in the Lake Atitlan area in the department of Sololá. The first cohort was recruited in 2017 (sample of n = 77). The second cohort was recruited in 2020 (sample of n = 61). Both were followed until 2021. The program provided various resources for assistance for food production and home improvements (sessions from 2018 to 2022). Agroecology sessions were conducted in the test farm. Due to the COVID-19, adjustments were made to continue the education and training sessions. Results: Both cohort samples had a statistically significant increase in participants who consumed at least 15 g from five groups of foods (2017: p =.00002; 2020: p =.045). There was a statistically significant increase in mean food groups consumed daily (2017: p <.00001; 2020: p =.005). Conclusions for Practice: Implementing interventions that include nutrition, health, and agroecology practices in the long term has demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the Dietary Diversity Index of Maya women in their reproductive years living in rural villages in the Western Highlands. Significance: Indigenous Maya women face numerous health challenges, including stunting, poor nutrition, and maternal mortality. Low dietary diversity and limited food access in rural areas of Guatemala exacerbate these issues. The intervention in this study statistically increased the Dietary Diversity Index of Maya women, notably raising the consumption of Vitamin B and Vitamin A-rich foods, which are essential for maternal and fetal health. These findings highlight the potential for culturally appropriate nutrition programs to enhance dietary diversity in this population, promoting overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To systematically review the research relating to views and experiences of people with disability eating out in cafés, restaurants, and other settings; and identify factors that impede or enhance accessibility of eating out experiences, inform future inclusive research, and guide policy development. Materials and Methods: This study involved systematic search and review procedures with qualitative metasynthesis of the barriers to and facilitators for participation and inclusion in eating/dining-out activities. In total, 36 studies were included. Results: Most studies reviewed related to people with physical or sensory disability eating out, with few studies examining the dining experiences of adults with intellectual or developmental disability, swallowing disability, or communication disability. People with disability encountered negative attitudes and problems with physical and communicative access to the venue. Staff lacked knowledge of disability. Improvements in the design of dining spaces, consultation with the disability community, and staff training are needed. Conclusion: People with disability may need support for inclusion in eating out activities, as they encounter a range of barriers to eating out. Further research within and across both a wide range of populations with disability and eating out settings could guide policy and practice and help develop training for hospitality staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Some people with disability require support for increased self-determination and self-advocacy to access eating out experiences satisfactorily. Goals and strategies to increase access and participation in eating out activities for people with disability should include attention to the environment and hospitality venues and to staff training. Rehabilitation professionals have a role in training hospitality staff about disability access and inclusion in eating out activities. To enhance community inclusion and participation, rehabilitation professionals could focus more on the skills and strategies needed for people with disability to participate in eating out activities. Rehabilitation professionals could implement a range of facilitators that might strengthen participation in eating out activities for people with disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite existing revised legislation on the accessibility of public buildings in the United States, people with disabilities continue to experience barriers that limit their participation and engagement in the context of the community. This researcher developed, cross-sectional survey study, explored trends in accessing public buildings, accessibility problems encountered, and approaches for accessing information and resources for accessibility of specific buildings among people with disabilities (n = 109). Respondents largely reported on accessibility barriers encountered in communal spaces and how having prior knowledge of accessibility may have influenced their plans to access the community. Despite having knowledge that accessibility guidelines exist, a majority of respondents were not particularly familiar with how to retrieve this information and reported interest in web- and mobile-based technology to locate and share accessibility information. This study highlights how people with disabilities experience accessibility challenges and the implications for web-based resources to provide accessibility information. Points of interest: This article highlights that despite legislation to improve accessibility, many public buildings continue to not be accessible creating major barriers to community living in persons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities are largely unaware of how to locate information about the accessibility of public buildings in the community. Persons with disabilities believe that acquiring accessibility information about buildings before planning an outing would be beneficial. Accessing information about the accessibility of public buildings through websites or apps appear to be an approach that people with disabilities are interested in using in their everyday life. Persons with disabilities are interested in sharing comments and ratings about the accessibility of public buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study qualitatively explored how adults aging with long-term physical disabilities perceive the built environment to influence their community participation. A convenience sample of community-dwelling adults with long-term physical disabilities ages 45–65 participated in virtual semi-structured interviews until thematic saturation was reached (n = 20). Data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Five themes were identified: vigilance and sense of safety, accessibility of and access to transportation, community environment accessibility, sense of community, and access to support, spaces, and resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple participants described their neighborhoods as unsafe and reported not leaving their homes in months due to inaccessible home entrances or pandemic-related concerns. These results enhance our understanding of how this population perceives environmental barriers to community participation, particularly in low-resourced neighborhoods during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results may inform researchers, community organizations, and funding agencies in intervention development and implementation to address built environment barriers. Points of Interest: Adults aging with long-term physical disabilities value participating in their communities but often face barriers in the built environment Common built environment factors that influence community participation for this population include the perceived safety of one's neighborhood, the accessibility of community buildings, access to transportation, and environments that facilitate a sense of community and belonging The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected access to various supports and spaces for adults aging with long-term physical disabilities, which in turn restricted their community participation Poorly resourced neighborhoods may increase community participation restrictions for adults aging with long-term physical disabilities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored disabled people's reflections and experiences regarding the challenges they faced when negotiating transitioning to adulthood. It was informed by critical disability studies and youth studies. Four focus group interviews were conducted with altogether 21 participants, 10 men and 11 women with different impairments. A constructivist grounded theory approach was applied to categorise and synthesise data. Participants had faced a myriad of barriers while transitioning into adulthood, such as inaccessible environments, ableist ideas about disabled people as being dependent and childlike, lack of expectations and inadequate supports. Participants resisted these ableist ideals but simultaneously underscored their want to aspire transitional norms in order to live a valued adult life. The importance of having real choices and opportunities was pivotal. The findings underline the importance of dismissing the ableist ideas that persistently exclude young disabled people. Acknowledging different ways of being and doing is key at times of transitioning. Points of interest: This article looks at young disabled peoples' transitioning into adulthood from their own perspective. Participants' access to social spaces, activities, and opportunities typical for young people was often restricted or simply denied. Participants faced restricted choices that were not necessarily meaningful to them, did not reflect their lifestyle or identity and undermined the idea of who they wanted to become The young people underscored desired ways of transitioning into adulthood emphasising justice, dignity, and being entitled onés own space, purpose, and opinions. The rigid ableist ideas about adulthood and disability that have persistently excluded young disabled people should be dismissed. Instead, opportunities for multiple ways for being an adult must be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of the notion of ‘inclusion’ in urban planning, seen in phrases like inclusive city, calls for a critical analysis of its evolving meaning and its spatial, social and political implications. Paradoxically, the meaning of urban inclusion has narrowed such that it now primarily refers to accessibility for people with disabilities. At the intersection of urban studies and critical disability studies, our article investigates the conceptions, criteria and modes of production underlying the implementation of urban inclusion in Singapore's ‘Enabling Village’, a purportedly inclusive space opened in 2015. We use a mixed‐methods approach, analysing official narratives and conducting site visits to understand the site as both an appropriated and a branded space. We show that, in Singapore, the inclusion agenda interacts with the city‐state's distinctive approach to planning and governance, where social issues are ‘engineered’ and give rise to replicable operational models. Our hypothesis is that implementing the inclusive city through the production and promotion of ‘inclusive’ urban projects such as the Enabling Village fuels the expansion of Singapore as a state‐led ‘entrepreneurial city’ (Harvey, Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 1989; 71(1):3–17). In particular, operationalising ‘urban inclusion’ in this way allows for the reinvention of Singapore as a global urban model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Worldwide, one in six individuals live with a disability. Many people continue to experience disabling situations, particularly when travelling. Travel can be an important part of the lives of many people, including people with disabilities. Barriers to accessing air travel can lead to a reluctance to travel for these potential passengers. As early as the flight planning stage, options to facilitate accessibility are limited. At airports, passengers must travel long distances in areas where navigation is complex, and accessibility limited. Furthermore, few aircraft are accessible. The travel experience can have adverse effects on the health of people with disabilities. Practices are sometimes not inclusive, not always available, and may not address the full spectrum of possible needs. The objective of this study is to provide a state of art on accessibility features available to people with disabilities in the busiest international airports. Methods: A scoping review of practices in airport accessibility was done. A search strategy was deployed in 4 databases (Avery index to architectural periodicals, Medline, CINAHL, and Web of science). The official websites of the 35 busiest airports were exhaustively consulted. All information regarding accessibility measures and inclusive services were extracted. Results: 31 scientific articles, out of 3,640 screened, and all extracted data from airports' website were considered for synthesis. While efforts are made in major airports, there is a great inconsistency in accessibility features. Both facilitators and challenges are encountered by people with disabilities at every stage of air travel. These stages include journey planning; getting to and from the airport, obtain human assistance, navigate in the premises, check in, security screening, using facilities, boarding and disembarking, customs and immigration procedures, and luggage management. Discussion: Services need to be extensively planned, placing a significant burden on passengers. The disability-centric perspective disregard passengers' unique needs and capabilities, leading to a sense of dehumanization. The complexity of airport organizations, shared responsibilities, limited communication, training challenges can deter accessibility initiatives and create discomfort during travel. This study is the first step of a broader project supported by Canadian Accessibility Standards, focusing on enhancing inclusive accessibility in Canadian airports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment are particularly susceptible to facing restrictions in their participation. This study aims to investigate (a) which contextual factors within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) are relevant for participation from the perspective of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices, and (b) how these contextual factors shape the subjective facets of participation, including a sense of connection, efficacy and meaning, based on the social identity approach to health and well‐being. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis on data gathered from four online focus group interviews, each involving four to six people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices (totalling N = 19), and 12 individual online interviews conducted with participants from the focus group interviews. The analysis followed the qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. Results: Mobility assistive devices such as walkers, manual wheelchairs and electric wheelchairs/scooters were seen as facilitators that enabled participation in various life situations and enhanced a sense of efficacy by promoting independence. Challenges were encountered in relation to architectural barriers, pathways, weather conditions, public transportation and the lack of integral accessibility to services and systems. Although instrumental support could ease participation, it was also associated with an impaired sense of efficacy. Attitudes, particularly developing an understanding of the experiences of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment from others' perspectives, were considered important but often lacking, and discriminatory attitudes were experienced. On the level of personal factors, acceptance of both the mobility assistive devices and the disease itself were seen as facilitators for maintaining involvement in life situations. Conclusions: This study extends the existing literature by shedding light on the interconnectedness of contextual factors within the ICF and various facets of perceived participation, including a sense of connection, efficacy and meaning. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders such as urban planners and policymakers in developing inclusive environments that enhance the overall quality of participation for people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment. Patient or Public Contribution: This study reports on the lived experiences of people with multiple sclerosis and gait impairment who (intend to) use mobility assistive devices. The research team stood in close exchange with project members of the German Multiple Sclerosis Society Lower Saxony, a group representing the interests of people with multiple sclerosis, to design and conduct the focus group interviews. The results from the focus group interviews were the basis for the design of a participatory future workshop in which people with multiple sclerosis and stakeholders involved in the healthcare process collaboratively developed recommendations for improving the provision of mobility assistive devices. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register number: DRKS00025532. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Where pedestrian crossings meet rail tracks, a flange gap allows the train wheel flanges to pass. This gap can be hazardous for wheelchair users as castor wheels may become trapped. While compressible gap fillers can eliminate the flange gap, fillers are subject to wear, pose a derailment hazard to light rail vehicles and can strip grease from passing wheels. These issues could be mitigated by partially filling the flange gap with a compressible filler. The aim was to investigate the risk of entrapment and ease of extraction of wheelchair castors from flange gaps fully and partially filled with compressible fillers, and assess ride quality. Materials and methods: Entrapment risk and ease of extraction for four wheelchairs were tested at various crossing angles with flange gap fillers. Twelve wheelchair users tested ease of extraction and ride quality for partially and fully filled flange gaps. Results: It was found that risk of entrapment is low if a standards-compliant crossing with open flange gaps is traversed in a straight line. However, castors can become trapped if the user alters direction to avoid an obstacle or if the crossing surface is uneven. Once trapped, castors are extremely difficult to remove without external assistance. Conclusions: Flange gap fillers that reduce the gap to 10 mm or less eliminate entrapment while retaining acceptable ride quality. Filling flange gaps or leaving a residual gap depth of less than 10 mm is the best option to eliminate risk of entrapment and ensure good ride quality for wheelchair users. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Rail crossings flange gaps pose an entrapment hazard for wheelchair users Partial or complete flange gap fillers may reduce entrapment but require research Rehabilitation professionals need to educate wheelchair users on techniques to cross flange gaps safely Consumers and health professionals can consult rail operators to partially fill flange gaps [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to mobility is a fundamental human right that must be accessible to all individuals, regardless of their disability. To disabled people, the right of mobility is closely related to their survival such as labor and employment, and access to public transportation systems is especially crucial in their ability to fully join the society. This article explores the state of the mobility and accessibility of people with disabilities in public transportation, focusing on the challenges faced by disabled individuals in South Korea and their advocacy efforts aimed at dealing with these challenges. The recent wheelchair demonstrations of disabled people at Seoul subways has attracted widespread social debate over disabled mobility rights, along with increased awareness and governmental declaration of further support. The journey to full accessibility and inclusivity is ongoing and it is a journey that every country should pursue together with determination and commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanistic reasoning about an artifact or system involves thinking about its underlying entities and the properties, activities, and cause-effect relationships of those entities. Previous studies of children's mechanistic reasoning about engineering solutions have mostly focused on specific mechanical systems such as gear trains. Yet there is growing interest in more contextualized, community-connected engineering design experiences for elementary students. Important questions remain about how the specific features of community contexts influence student opportunities for engineering design practice and reasoning. In this study, we explore whether comparisons in students' mechanistic reasoning can be made across a range of five different community design contexts. For this qualitative descriptive study, we focus on interview data collected after each of five community-connected engineering-enriched science curriculum units: accessible playground design (3rd grade, N = 8, district A, schools 1 and 2), displaced animal relocation design (3rd grade, N = 10, district A, school 1), migration stopover site design (4th grade, N = 4, district A, school 2), retaining wall design (4th grade, N = 13, district B, school 1), and water filter design (5th grade, N = 9 students, district A, school 3). The findings showed that all students named entities and described entity factors for the design solutions for all five units. For the playground, displaced animals, and stopover sites units, some students described the design artifacts without explicitly expressing connections between entity factors and/or the way factors linked up to the design performance. We argue that particular features of the design tasks influenced students' approaches to explaining their design solutions. Therefore, we can claim that comparisons can be made across different community-connected engineering design contexts in terms of children's mechanistic reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an innovative and interactive game-oriented educational platform employing the Unity game engine and C# scripting. The aim of this interactive 2D platform is to impart fundamental programming skills, specifically focusing on the Python language. This platform comprises of four challenging levels, each increasing in difficulty, providing a captivating and dynamic learning experience. The distinctive feature of the proposed platform is the usage of string matching with regular expressions to instantly evaluate the accuracy of the code entered by users, enabling them to develop their coding skills in a practical and interactive manner. The visually appealing graphics of this platform offer the user the ability to see the real-time effects of their code, rendering it more intuitive and user-friendly with real-time feedback. This platform is designed to be accessible to a diverse audience, including children and adults, making it an inclusive learning tool for people of all ages and backgrounds. The proposed platform is employed to instruct Python programming to a group of undergraduate students and the achievement of course outcomes (CO) is evaluated and contrasted with a traditional learning approach. The comparative results are presented. The levels of attainment of COs experienced a notable improvement, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed learning platform, making it a valuable educational tool for coding novices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Folded protein hydrogels are emerging as promising new materials for medicine and healthcare applications. Folded globular proteins can be modelled as colloids which exhibit site specific cross-linking for controlled network formation. However, folded proteins have inherent mechanical stability and unfolded in response to an applied force. It is not yet understood how colloidal network theory maps onto folded protein hydrogels and whether it models the impact of protein unfolding on network properties. To address this, we study a hybrid system which contains folded proteins (patchy colloids) and unfolded proteins (biopolymers). We use a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to explore network architecture and mechanics in folded protein hydrogels. We alter both the photo-chemical cross-linking reaction rate and the mechanical properties of the protein building block, via illumination intensity and redox removal of robust intra-protein covalent bonds, respectively. This dual approach, in conjunction with rheological and structural techniques, allows us to show that while reaction rate can 'fine-tune' the mechanical and structural properties of protein hydrogels, it is the force-lability of the protein which has the greatest impact on network architecture and rigidity. To understand these results, we consider a colloidal model which successfully describes the behaviour of the folded protein hydrogels but cannot account for the behaviour observed in force-labile hydrogels containing unfolded protein. Alternative models are needed which combine the properties of colloids (folded proteins) and biopolymers (unfolded proteins) in cross-linked networks. This work provides important insights into the accessible design space of folded protein hydrogels without the need for complex and costly protein engineering, aiding the development of protein-based biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study tested an integrated model of the maintenance of the ableist social system toward wheelchair users. The model focuses on the endorsed medical model of disability, and the witnessing of negotiation for environmental accessibility by people without disabilities. A cross-sectional sample of 821 university staff members and students from Hong Kong without self-reported disabilities completed a self-report questionnaire. Structural equation modeling obtained a satisfactory model fit (comparative fit index =.96, Tucker-Lewis Index =.95, root mean square error of approximation =.05, standardized root mean square residuals =.06). The findings inform remedial approaches to addressing ableism toward wheelchair users at cultural, social, mass media, and education levels. The study also calls for the development of more quantitative measures of the perceptions of people without disabilities toward disability models, environmental in/accessibility, and collective actions for social inclusion for further empirical research on ableism. Points of interest: This study attempts to fill the gap of research on discrimination and stereotypes against people with disabilities. It examines perspectives of people without disabilities toward wheelchair users and environmental barriers. For people without disabilities, their experiences of witnessing wheelchair users trying to negotiate environmental barriers is related to their stereotypes against wheelchair users. For people without disabilities, their experiences of witnessing wheelchair users trying to negotiate environmental barriers is related to their stereotypes against environmental accessibility. For people without disabilities, their experiences of witnessing wheelchair users trying to negotiate environmental barriers is related to their behavioral tendency to take part in advocacy for an inclusive society. This study recognizes the need to develop more measurements and survey tools for assessing the perceptions of people without disabilities. The tools should assess perceptions of people without disabilities toward disability, environmental accessibility, and behaviors of promoting social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When transport systems are accessible and inclusive, people with disability experience dignity. Alternatively, when personal mobility is constrained by physical, social and/or communication, barriers, people with disability experience exclusion and an increasing vulnerability to indignity. This study sought to qualitatively explore the role of trains and buses in an Australian city in supporting access, inclusion and dignified mobility experiences for people with disability. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants with diverse visible and invisible disabilities and were analysed thematically using Framework Analysis. The findings highlight the complexities involved with navigating public transport systems while maintaining dignity for people with disability. Accessible and inclusive information, infrastructure, and interactions with staff ensured dignified mobility experiences. If any part of a journey was inaccessible, participants were vulnerable to indignity. Dignified mobility experiences represent a complex and dynamic interaction between personal experiences and preferences, impairment-specific requirements, transport infrastructure, interpersonal experiences, and information inclusivity. Points of interest: Public transport systems can play an important role in enabling, facilitating and sustaining dignity for people with disability. People with disability experience theoretical and practical gaps when using trains and buses. Gaps result from infrastructure, environment, information, and attitudinal barriers. Universal Design, access to accessible and inclusive information, and empathic attitudes help create dignified mobility experiences for people with disability when using buses and trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the commercialization of the Olympic movement at the Los Angeles 1984 Games, and Seoul 1988 being the first city for over twenty years to host both the Olympic and Paralympic Games in the same location, there has been an increasing variety of literature that explores how the Olympic/Paralympic Games can be inclusive within the context of disability. In this article, we analyze scholarly perspectives regarding accessibility and provisions for persons with disabilities (PWDs) at the Olympic and Paralympic Games from Sydney 2000 to London 2012. We then explore the concept of legacy linked to the Olympic/Paralympic movement from London 2012 to Beijing 2022, before considering some areas of future research that are required in terms of accessibility and PWDs provisions at future Games. While a host of literature has addressed inclusivity and improving facilities both within venues and in the city or region hosting the Games, we assert that more PWD spectators (and athletes), particularly at the Olympic Games, need to be heard to ensure they have a positive experience pre, during and post the Games. This could lead to improvements for PWDs at future Games including Paris 2024, Milano-Cortina d'Ampezzo 2026, LA 2028, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of 'massification in higher education ', which refers to the significant increase in the number of students enrolling in universities, has made it difficult for inclusive education to be attainable owing to unknown reasons that are encumbering the students living with disability from having a sense of belonging. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the relationship between students living with disability and social justice through inclusivity in higher education with the aid of Assistive Technology (AT) to conceptualise a framework. The researchers employed a mixed methods approach to collect and analyse data statistically and descriptively. The requirements for integrating the model to ease the lack of consideration of students living with disability in the digital age were evaluated and critically reviewed regarding its impact on students' sense of belonging in the digital age. The major findings from this study elucidate the factors perceived as the central requirements for mitigating the lack of inclusivity and social justice in higher education. The procurement of ATs was topical as most respondents (83%) categorically opined the need to improve this process by making timely purchases of the proper ATs from reliable service providers. The successful implementation of this framework could significantly enhance the educational experience of students with disabilities at the University of Venda, making it a more inclusive and supportive learning environment. The findings on the appropriateness of ATs for students overwhelmingly indicated that many of the available devices and technologies meant to assist learners were not fit for the tasks they were intended for. The university, as a key player, should establish a procurement committee and a high-level action plan outlining the requirements for delivering assistive products & services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD), it is important to create suitable physical and social environments. This can be done by improving awareness about disability, specifically for employees working in the service and cultural sectors. Virtual reality (VR) simulation can be advantageous by providing an engaging experience highlighting physical accessibility issues, as well as social interactions with virtual avatars. This study's objective was to validate the content of two disability awareness VR scenarios in museum employees and individuals with disabilities in terms of perceived usefulness. Five PWD and seven museum employees experienced two VR scenarios illustrating a museum visit for a person with low vision or using a wheelchair. The scenarios consisted of different scenes such as finding an accessible entrance and interacting with virtual employees. Participants were interviewed about their experience, with questions related to the realism of the scenarios and their perceived usefulness. Four main themes were identified specifically: emotions, experience, usefulness, and realism. Our scenarios were seen as useful in describing social and physical barriers experienced by PWD. VR can be a valid tool to promote disability awareness among employees in a sociocultural setting, representing a step towards the inclusion of PWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visual impairment is a global problem and, regardless of the cause, it substantially impacts people's daily lives. Navigating towns and cities can be one of the most difficult tasks for someone with a visual impairment. This is because our streetscapes are often inaccessible for navigating safely and independently by people with a visual impairment. Barriers include street clutter, bollards, pavement parking, and shared spaces. Methodology: Participants with varying levels of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) were recruited. Each participant completed a clinical visit and a 1-mile walk. Participants discussed confidence, anxiety, difficulty, and any barriers encountered while completing the walkaround. Participants completed quality of life (RetDQol), diabetes distress scales, and a study questionnaire. They also underwent retinal imaging and visual function testing. Retinal imaging and visual function results were compared with confidence, difficulty, and anxiety levels during the walkaround using Spearman's correlation. Results: Thirty-three participants took part in the study, 22 with diabetes and 11 with RP. Results showed that average confidence was correlated with visual acuity, RetDQol, mean visual fields, and vertical peripheral diameter visual fields. Average difficulty was associated with visual acuity, RetDQol, dark adaptation, mean visual fields, percentage of the retina, and both horizontal and vertical diameter visual fields. In addition, some of the barriers discussed were pavement issues, bollards, parked cars, uneven pavements, alfresco dining, light levels, and street features such as tree roots, poles, A-boards, and street clutter. Conclusions: People with RP and treated DR faced common barriers while navigating the walkaround. The removal of these common barriers would make our streetscapes more accessible for all and will allow for more independence in those with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since individuals with severe and profound Intellectual Disabilities (IDs) have no concept of time, it is difficult for them to autonomously maintain daily structures. Those affected are dependent throughout their lives on external care structures. Even though research suggests that individuals with IDs should live in smaller facilities, individuals with higher support needs are more likely to be placed in large institutions and clustered group homes. The aim of this study was to define design criteria and test their applicability to a residential building design whose architecture enables individuals with IDs to develop autonomy through spatially experienced temporality. Qualitative data was collected in a mixed method evidence-based design approach: systematic behavioural observations, structured interviews, focus groups, and the UV-index method. Four design criteria could be described that contribute to an autonomy-promoting temporality: (a) spatial sequencing and repetition, (b) privacy-related variation of spatial dimensions, (c) spatial orchestration of daylight, and (d) constant emotional proximity to the caregiver. The hypothesis of using architecture to promote temporality in clients with IDs and Challenging Behaviour (CB) has proven to be potentially effective in designing a therapeutic environment. Our findings provide valuable data on how long-stay facilities should be designed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility and security issues pertaining to people with disabilities in Zimbabwe’s urban areas have so far received limited priority in scholarship and social policy. This is a major deviation from the prerequisites for disability inclusion, rights-based governance and development, and transformative social policy. Using qualitative research methodology, the paper addresses this compelling lacuna by exploring selected germane issues affecting people with disabilities, and advances policy options that Zimbabwe and other countries can implement to transform the well-being of this often excluded and trivialized group. The article acknowledges current effort for improving accessibility and security in and of urban areas but more importantly shows that people with disabilities are experiencing multiple problems due to glaring deficiencies in urban policy, amenities, and services. Transformative disability policy buttressed by a multi-stakeholder approach is indispensable in improving the situation of people with disabilities in relation to accessibility and security in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Navigating narrow restrooms is challenging for the elderly using wheelchairs or walkers (EUWW). Existing research focuses on the convenience of furniture use in the restroom and overlooks the convenience of mobility between furniture pieces. However, the floor plans of accessible restrooms determine the mobility path of EUWW, affecting mobility convenience. Thus, to improve mobility, floor plans should be evaluated to shorten movement distances and reduce bends. Experiments in constructed environments were expensive. This study instead proposes a novel path-planning based method for accessible restroom floor plan evaluation, simulating mobility paths in a virtual environment, and evaluating how the floor plans of accessible restrooms affect mobility and convenience. The results showed that: (1) wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the rear, and walker users find opposite wall toilet-sink arrangements convenient. While Wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the side or front, find it convenient if the toilet and sink are situated on different walls at a 90° angle. Toilets and sinks on the same wall are inconvenient. (2) Corner sinks and toilets reduce EUWW's turning angles. (3) The farther the sink is from the side wall, the more convenient it is for EUWW. (4) The 45° side approach is the most convenient for moving, followed by the frontal approach, and lastly the 90° approach. Theoretically, this study uses path planning algorithms, simulating the movement of EUWW with varying capabilities and offering a new perspective for barrier-free architectural design. Practically, this study provides recommendations for optimizing accessible restroom floor plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the requirements for accessible Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and AV services from a consumer perspective, focusing on people with disabilities (PwDs) and older adults. Two national surveys were conducted, capturing current transportation trends and AV priorities. Participants (n = 922) with disabilities and older adults were included in the analysis. Transportation choices exhibited significant divergence based on the underlying causes of disabilities, showcasing distinct inclinations and impediments within each category. AV services, encompassing family conveyance and package delivery, proved integral, but their specific desirability fluctuated in accordance with the nature of disabilities. Notably, medical appointments emerged as the foremost AV utilisation requirement, particularly pronounced among individuals with hearing impairments. Preferences for orchestrating AV rides and the preferred vehicle types displayed disparities linked to the various disability classifications. The employment of mobile applications, websites, and text messages were preferred mediums for arranging rides. Features such as automated route guidance and collision prevention garnered unanimous precedence among AV attributes. Key priorities, spanning wheelchair accessibility, user profiles, and seamless communication with AVs, were universally emphasised across all participant clusters. The study indicated a moderate comfort level with AV deployment, implying the potential for favourable reception within the population of PwDs and older adults. The study highlights the significance of considering diverse needs in accessible AV development of vehicle and infrastructure and policies. The findings inform evidence-based interventions and programmes that prioritise accessibility needs, promoting social inclusion and equitable transportation solutions. Continued research and advocacy are essential for successful autonomous vehicle integration, catering to the needs of all individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the aging population in Chinese cities has become increasingly severe. In 2021, the proportion of people aged 65 and above in Wuchang District, Wuhan reached 24.38%, indicating a deeply aging society. Consequently, the importance of studying aging-friendly public spaces in communities is becoming more prominent. This research was conducted based on survey data of outdoor spaces in Shouyi Community, Shouyi Road. Factor analysis and IPA were used to assess the satisfaction and importance of elderly residents' satisfaction. The primary renovation factors identified include route organization, site height difference protection, barrier-free design, plant color matching, plant configuration, and landscape features, followed by spatial continuity, lighting, microclimate, and rest facilities layout. These analyses effectively identified public factors and prioritize the aging-friendly renovation of public spaces in old communities. In the renovation of old communities in Wuhan, safety is the primary renovation factor for aging-friendly communities. Improving site height difference protection and barrier-free facilities significantly enhances residents' satisfaction. The aesthetic improvement of outdoor spaces is the second renovation factor, indicating that the elderly increasingly value the aesthetic aspect of spaces. Although accessibility of community public spaces is the third renovation factor, route organization at the criterion level has the highest priority. Road traffic and parking difficulties are also key factors in the renovation of old communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Modern research teams are re-evaluating conventionalmethods with the aimof improving the usefulness of knowledge for users, focusing on the role of knowledge users in shaping innovation. In disability field, encouraging participatory research inherently involves diverse perspectives andinclusion, which alignswiththe principles of universal accessibility. By actively involving individuals with various backgrounds, abilities, and needs in the research process, we can better understand and address the challenges faced in adopting universal accessibility. This approach ensures that solutions are more comprehensive, inclusive, and effectively cater to the needs of all individuals, fostering a more equitable and accessible environment for everyone. Despite municipal organizations mandating universal accessibility action plans, they lack tools for efficient implementation. The aim of this study was to develop knowledge mobilization tools tailored to a specific municipal context in Quebec, Canada, to facilitate the implementation of universal accessibility measures by municipal employees. Methods: The co-design process employed in this study was organized into four distinct stages, following the Morales model: (1) Exploration (2) Co-Design (3) Validation (4) Development. Results: Stages one and two highlighted the employees' lack of awareness about universal accessibility issues and their need to have more information and resources about how universal accessibility is encountered in their work. A steering committee co-designed three video vignettes about universal accessibility, the city's action plan and measures included in it. Discussion: The co-design approach used in this study allowed us to observe the non-linear nature of partnership research with an organization as complex as a municipality. Our study shows significant advantages of collaboration between the municipal sector and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Cuban population is going through a process of demographic change and accelerated aging, which, together with a difficult economic situation, places the older adults in a complex economic reality, especially in the most vulnerable communities. This paper aims to analyze the housing situation of the older adults in a vulnerable community in Santiago de Cuba during a period of particular economic difficulty. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzes the housing situation of a sample of people over 60 years of age (n = 325) in a vulnerable community in the city of Santiago de Cuba. A structured interview was used for data collection. Findings: The results show that most of the people over 60 years of age interviewed considered their homes to be in a poor state of repair. A significant part of the homes were built with precarious materials and had cracked walls, leaks, problems with the functioning of the toilet, broken pipes, etc. In addition, most of the houses were poorly equipped, with a large number of them lacking refrigerators, cell phones or computers or other electrical appliances (heater, shower, stove, etc.). Women, people with black skin and people over 75 years of age were in a particularly precarious housing situation. Social implications: Demographic changes and the expected aging of the population in Cuba mean that meeting the needs of the older adults is expected to become increasingly complex. The design of public policies and administrative management should take into consideration the housing needs of people over 60 years of age in vulnerable communities, with special attention to women, racialized people and older adults. Originality/value: The research was conducted based on the information provided by a particularly vulnerable group in Cuba (older adults), about which there is limited information available, and the data were collected during a particularly challenging time for the Cuban economy: the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. The challenges of conducting research of this nature in Cuba and the period during which data collection took place form the basis of the originality of this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the change in the design of video games has become evident, one of them is accessibility for people with different disabilities, despite the laws, which are very limited, there are no standards that require companies, industries and producers from different sectors implement this resource in their projects. From this research, the objective is to investigate the importance that these inclusion games comply with the response to stimuli provided by the industry, in this field, and that the support that the country is giving to this need to be felt is also felt. this visually impaired population. Based on the mixed research methodology, different sources are investigated in order to demonstrate how necessary it is that there are models of inclusion in video games, both entertainment and educational (serious), thus reaching an identity model that. The lack of laws and resources that promote this industry is evidenced. The project made it possible to describe the main strategies and resources that have been proposed and/or implemented in terms of accessibility for people with visual disabilities in Colombia, investigating and comparing the information obtained from the state of the art, and in this way conclude with the impact of these development methods, in the visually impaired population. An important impact has been the technological evolution that other countries have managed to develop for this type of population. As a conclusion, a disparity was found in the development of this project, which is precisely the little accessibility that people with visual disabilities have to video games in Colombia, because beyond the interaction that exists with some, much more access is required. And above all more investment and enactment of laws that support this resource. Using the mixed research methodology, different sources are investigated in order to demonstrate how necessary it is that there are models of inclusion in video games, both entertainment and educational (serious), thus reaching an identity pattern that gives as shows the lack of laws and resources that promote this industry. From this type of research, it was concluded that the lack of resources has been a legible mark that passes through these industries that have the panorama quite compromised by the demands of the market, but that due to this lack of economic resources they cannot reach the levels of implementation. to its mission and vision. Observing what was said above, it becomes complex to be able to carry out a research that clearly defines the inclusion processes for this type of people with said disability in Colombia. Each model of each industry is defined in a different way, since not all of them have this offer in their services. Common to this type of population. What, then, allowed us to conclude this research, finding social differences in each production of a video game? The project allowed us to describe the main strategies that have been proposed and/or implemented in terms of accessibility for people with visual disabilities in Colombia, investigating and comparing the information obtained from the state of the art, as mentioned above. Thus, then, different responses were found to this inclusion, not only in entertainment games but also in educational ones, which in the end are also very important in the classroom, because not only should one think about the distraction game, but also about the playful nature of teaching, thus helping teachers in the development of their classes. In this way, we conclude with the impact of these development methods on the visually impaired population. Another important point that could be evidenced is the evolution of technology, which has brought haptic systems, immersive and dynamic audio, as well as braille itself in digital systems, this, of course, has allowed progress towards much more logical and dynamic resources, but they continue to be limited precisely because they cannot be implemented correctly, due to their high purchasing value. We must think not of people who suffer from visual disabilities, but rather we must think of all social strata with this type of disability who can, with their resources, access this type of technology. Each part of the intervention exercise with state and private companies led to results that concluded in the population with visual disabilities that does not have the possibility of accessing this exercise of inclusion, and beyond the common interest in popularizing these video games, the limitation of certain sectors is seen that do not find in this undertaking a great industry, since the majority assures that it is more lucrative to invest in video games for people without no limitation or disability than investing in this other type of video game. In conclusion, the disabled population in Colombia is 3,134,037; this number is very high if we also consider the rural populations that live without any type of resource or technological reach; Due to their socioeconomic condition and location, they are people who have a deterioration in services, then what is the extent of the disabled population in these areas that do not have the support and resources to improve their quality of life? It is almost null, there is no possibility that in the most vulnerable places and far from the reach of the government, inclusion exercises will be carried out with the visually disabled population, because simply in the last population census that was carried out in Colombia in 2018, more than 50% of the population They do not access the Internet, this added to governments that waste state money, it could be said that the level exceeds that percentage. If so, it is very possible that the reach of this population to these technological resources is very bad. A lot of economic investment is required on the part of the state, and for the designers of these technologies to expand to cover their creative enterprises, to the entire population, without the right to exclusion. For this reason, in this project a disparity is evident, which is precisely the little accessibility that people with visual disabilities have to video games in Colombia, not only from entertainment, but from their spaces in the classroom, which is what many demands. academics for their models and resources to work with this population, because beyond the interaction that exists with some (very few), much more access is still required and above all more investment and enactment of laws that support said resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article aims to investigate the impact of fine-grained differences in unit layout on care staff corridor communication. Background: Corridor design can be undertaken with greater emphasis on space and cost efficiency or with greater emphasis on affording quality knowledge workspace. Building on prior research on care team communication and inpatient unit design, this study aims to gain a better understanding of how corridor layout properties affect care team communication. Method: This study used space syntax analysis to characterize inpatient unit design, specifically floor-plan layout. Two approaches were used to capture care team communication: behavior mapping with recording of care team member locations and whether they were communicating and the HDR CARE Scale, Inpatient Version. The two units were part of a vertical tower expansion project, and, though constructed at separate times, they maintain the same organizational culture, floor plate, and location of key vertical elements. Results: The newer unit was found to be more visually open using three measures from space syntax. More nursing staff verbal communication was observed on this unit. Across both units, nursing staff were more likely to be observed verbally communicating in locations that were more visually connected (i.e., at locations with larger viewsheds). There were no significant differences between nursing staff self-report on work using the HDR CARE Scale, Inpatient Version. Conclusion: We conclude that care team communication may tend to be encouraged by visual connectivity that can be promoted through floor-plan layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This research aims to propose a novel methodology for analyzing and optimizing wayfinding in complex environments by examining their spatial configurations. Background: Wayfinding difficulties often lead to disorientation and hinder users' ability to locate destinations. Although architectural design can aid in simplifying user access, existing approaches lack a specific focus on wayfinding optimization despite its significant impact on users' navigational abilities. Methods: In this study, an agent-based model was employed to assess the efficacy of wayfinding in a multistory hospital. Subsequently, the layouts were optimized, leading to the creation of a new space distribution diagram. The simulation was then repeated to examine the potential improvement in wayfinding. Data collection encompassed user types, workflow scenarios, population distribution, and user speed. Results: Comparative analysis of the agent-based simulation findings before and after layout optimization revealed a decrease in total distance and time spent on the modified floor plans for all users when compared to the existing layout. This suggests that the optimized layout holds significant potential for enhancing wayfinding performance. Given the positive outcomes observed for users, this approach is particularly well suited for preliminary design stages of complex environments, where designations among user groups are less crucial or flexibility is desired. Additional advantages include the ability to generate a comprehensive simulation of users' daily workflow, which is integrated into the optimization process and considers specific requirements regarding spatial adjacency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, equity of access to computer science education represents a challenge: computer science education is indispensable for active participation in a computational world, but current initiatives tend to increase existing gaps due to cultural, socioeconomic and contextual factors. This paper proposes a model for equitable computing education that contributes to the reduction of these gaps through three main strategies: (I) Investigating how students learn in particular contexts; (II) Building teacher capacity to teach computing through professional development programs, while investigating how teachers learn, and how they succeed (or fail) in bringing it to the classroom; and (III) Designing accessible devices for teaching computing. This accessibility includes devices that are low-cost, but that are also versatile, in terms of their appearance, the ways they interact, and the concepts they teach. This article describes the model for equitable computer education, and shows a case study for each of the strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aim was to determine the risk of Manual patient handling (MPH) in Shahroud public hospitals, Iran. A cross-sectional study was performed in Imam Hossein (IHospital) and Bahar (BHospital) with 21 wards. MPH risk assessment was performed using MAPO (Movement and Assistance of Hospital Patient) index. The ratio of operator to disabled patient (NC/Op and PC/Op), lifting, minor aid, wheelchair, environmental, and training factor are evaluated to calculate MAPO index. Among studied wards 57%, 33.3%, and 9.5%, respectively, were in the high, moderate, and low risk exposure level. The maximum MAPO score were 16.7 in CCU of IHospital. Emergency ward of BHospital had the highest score of 9.8 and PC/OP ratio 17.5. The most risk factors were minor aid (90.5%), lifting factor (71.4%), and PC/OP (66.7%). Immediate ergonomic action is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a hospital and pharmacy services model from the patient's perspective, identifying the gap and domain for services improvement. The study was conducted on 140 persons aged ≥ 18 years with visual impairment or low vision in Bangkok, Thailand. The results demonstrated that patients' perceived services were not inclusively designed for visually impaired persons. The domains with the highest gap analysis score were navigation systems, followed by a detailed explanation, such as dose mismanagement, observed medication expiration dates, and pharmacy self-identification. The patient-centered service model empowered visually impaired persons to achieve medication outcomes and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of disability is directly related to the physical barriers encountered in urban spaces. Pedestrian accessibility performance is a notable urban quality indicator. Universal design principles and barrier-free design standards are important in making urban spaces usable for everyone. However, projects in this context generally cover specific areas of cities. Bringing an entire city into compliance with barrier-free design standards requires high cost and time. Therefore, determining the spatial disability level of the urban texture and planning project stages constitute a critical process for local governments. This study proposes a model to measure the pedestrian accessibility performance of medium-sized cities with relatively walkable distances within the framework of spatial barriers and to identify priority intervention points. In this context, Kırklareli city centre was selected as a case study area. According to the model developed with the support of GIS, the "ideal accessibility network" is determined for the citizens, and the performance level is calculated by identifying the spatial barriers on this network. The model was developed using components that can be applied to any city and tested in a sample urban environment. This conceptual model contributes to urban science and local government policy by providing a monitoring mechanism for spatial disability that can be constantly tracked by citizens, and by supplying an information base for projects to be developed by local governments. It is hoped that this study will popularise pedestrian-oriented spatial design and control in cities where walkability is postponed due to the focus on wheeled vehicle mobility and where spatial barriers are felt only by disabled individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing number of adults are aging with spinal cord injury (SCI) acquired earlier in life. Social integration is important for health and participation after SCI. However, little is known about the role of the community built environment for supporting social integration among adults aging with SCI. Using a structured telephone survey with 182 adults aging with SCI in the midwestern United States, we found that more community built environment facilitators (e.g., curb cuts, automatic doors, paved surfaces) and fewer barriers (e.g., gravel surfaces, crowds) significantly increased the odds of regularly engaging in both formal and informal social activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging in a suitable residential environment is essential for the health and well-being of older adults. This study aims to analyze the residential environment preferences (REPs) of older people in China to create a residential environment suitable for their physical and mental health, enhancing their life satisfaction. This study used a sample questionnaire to identify relevant characteristics and analyze preferences, which were validated using non-parametric tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient tests. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions on characteristics of the residential environment on a 7-point Likert scale and was administered to 433 older adults aged 60 and over in 28 provinces in China. The results showed that "community safety" was the most important environmental characteristic, with an average importance rating of 5.77 out of 6. Accessible building design (average rating of 4.91), emergency response systems (average rating of 4.49), and indoor thermal comfort (average rating of 4.45) were also key factors in promoting aging in place. There was a positive correlation between the community environment and the indoor environment (e.g., community safety and indoor sound insulation, r = 0.209, p < 0.01), and both were, to some extent, negatively correlated with building features (e.g., public toilets and private courtyards, r = −0.278, p < 0.01; indoor thermal comfort and green building design, r = −0.165, p < 0.01). Age and physical health had a strong influence on preferences, but gender had little influence. This study paves the way for future research and policy development on age-friendly housing to ensure sustainable and supportive residential environments for the aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of accurately evaluating age-friendly retrofit indicators in urban communities, this study constructs an evaluation model that takes into account user preferences and their interaction needs based on the social–ecological–technological systems (SETS) theory. The model aims to establish a set of precise community retrofit indicators, covering aspects such as public participation level, public ancillary facilities, green space layout, living environment building, health service support, and accessible design. By employing prioritization strategies, the model seeks to maximize resident satisfaction and promote harmonious coexistence between the community and the environment. Firstly, the retrofit evaluation indicators are formulated using the SETS theory. The entropy weight method (EWM) is then applied to determine the initial weights of these evaluation indicators, followed by the use of the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method to analyze the interrelationships among the indicators. The Kano model is integrated to adjust the weights, reflecting their importance. The final weights of the indicators are determined through normalization. Based on this, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is employed to rank and analyze the importance of age-friendly retrofits in the community. Finally, six communities in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, are selected as samples to evaluate and analyze the age-friendly retrofit indicators. Different methods are compared, and their advantages and disadvantages are ranked to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach. Based on the analysis results, specific design schemes for improving the identified shortcomings in age-friendly aspects of these communities are proposed, considering the needs of aging populations and taking into account community public facilities, accessible design renovations, and the enhancement of green space layouts. This study aims to explore the comprehensive benefits of an age-friendly retrofit in urban communities and provide reference for the deep integration of social, ecological, and technological benefits in urban renewal. The evaluation indicators, methods, and conclusions presented can serve as a decision-making basis for the renovation and renewal of aging urban communities, particularly in terms of age-friendly updates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fall hazards in bathroom spaces constitute one of the most critical issues in the daily lives of older adults. Bathroom falls are somewhat different and constrained in nature than those in other parts of a home environment. Objectives: This study aimed to adopt a user‐centred approach to explore older adults' general bathroom needs, with a specific focus on showers and bathtubs as the designated activity area. Methods: The authors employed an extended importance–performance analysis (IPA) with a mixed‐method research design. Three hundred and eleven older adults participated in a face‐to‐face IPA questionnaire for the quantitative phase of the study. The authors gathered the qualitative data through open‐ended questions from 59 older adults. Results: The authors found positive correlation between older adults' attitudes towards an older‐friendly bathroom and the potential for their bathrooms to be fall‐free. The IPA calculations identify three key items with higher ratings in both importance and performance: The presence of appropriate artificial lighting, efficient mechanical ventilation and an accessible inside towel rail. Thematic analysis yields four themes: comfort, ease of access, error‐proof design and emergency management. Conclusions: The IPA calculations and thematic analysis confirm that older adults' rankings of importance and performance and their corresponding priority levels within the overarching themes indicate the need for these aspects to perform well and justify ongoing investments. The study concludes that addressing fall prevention requires not only designing specific solutions but also utilising appropriate technology in bathing and toileting activities. Implications for Practice: Practitioners in geriatric and gerontological nursing, design, architecture and health care can use the importance and performance priority levels of older adults to guide the development and implementation of fall‐free bathroom design. Policymakers can leverage the insights from this research to inform guidelines and regulations related to building codes, accessibility standards and healthcare policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]