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The importance of health to a nation and its citizens cannot be over-emphasised. Better health contributes to human capital development and enhances labour productivity, all of which promote economic growth. Reducing under-five mortality remains one of Nigeria's major challenges in the health sector and the country has achieved little in her fight against corruption. Despite the co-existence of corruption and high under-five mortality in Nigeria, empirical research on the connection between these two undesirables is minimal. We evaluate the longterm response of under-five mortality to corruption in Nigeria by using an Augmented ARDL (AARDL) method to analyse quarterly data for the 2000-2021 period. There is an evidence of a long-term relationship between corruption and under-five mortality alongside control variables including health expenditure, income growth and rural population, based on cointegration tests. The empirical results confirm that improving corruption control lowers long-term under-five mortality. Furthermore, greater openness to trade and higher spending on public health reduce long-term under-five mortality, while a growing rural population contributes to it. Thus, we recommend measures that lower corruption to reduce long-term under-five mortality in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the causal links between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Nigeria during the period 1970-2008. The authors employed the Granger causality and Johansen co-integration techniques to analyze the relationship and direction of causality between the variables. The Johansen co-integration statistic indicates that the variables are co-integrated, and the granger causality statistic reveals a unidirectional causality running from foreign direct investment to economic growth.

Nigeria is undoubtedly faced with unstable inflows of FDI at the present time, and that country has continued to contend with rising insecurity and a relatively high level of corruption. We employ the DOLS and ARDL estimation techniques to explore the long-term response of FDI to both insecurity and corruption using quarterly data from Nigeria over the period 1996-2020. A long-term relationship was found amongst insecurity, FDI and corruption (alongside market size, the presence of natural resources, inflation, and exchange rate) based on the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The results point to a long-term significant and positive influence of lower corruption and higher security on FDI. Also, the size of the market, the presence of natural resources and depreciation of the domestic currency have a long-run significant positive influence on inbound FDI, while inflation has a long-term significant and decreasing influence on FDI. Thus, policymakers and government are advised to employ measures to reduce both insecurity and corruption to encourage the inflow of FDI over the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of Nigeria's greatest challenges is the generation of adequate tax revenue to meet her rising expenditure, and the country has continued to contend with corruption, particularly in its public sector. We employ the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) technique to examine tax revenue behaviour amid corruption using Nigeria's quarterly data over the 1999-2019 period. The result of the NARDL bounds test to cointegration demonstrates the presence of a long-run relationship between tax revenue and corruption along with income level, agriculture, inflation rate, foreign aid and female labour force participation. The results of estimation indicate the existence of asymmetry in tax revenue behaviour. We find evidence of a significant positive impact of negative changes in the control of corruption and a significant negative effect of positive changes in the control of corruption on tax revenue in the long run. Other long-run significant determinants of tax revenue in Nigeria include income level, foreign aid and female labour force participation. Based on these empirical outcomes, this study offers some recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We employ the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to examine if the oil price and public expenditure relationship are dependent on the level of corruption using Nigeria's quarterly data during the 1996-2019 period. The result of the NARDL-bounds test to co-integration demonstrates that there is a long-run relationship between the variables, and we found evidence of long-run asymmetry in this relationship. The estimation results indicate that both positive and negative shocks to oil price have a significant positive effect on public expenditure in the long run, and the impact of oil price on public expenditure depends on the level of corruption. In addition, the marginal effect of oil price on public expenditure varies at different levels of corruption. Other important factors that drive public expenditure in Nigeria, in the long run, include spending on internal security and debt service. Based on these outcomes, we proffer some policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although many empirical studies have been conducted on the determinants of savings, little has been done to examine the effect of corruption on savings, particularly in the ECOWAS region. This study employs OLS and TSLS-instrumental variable techniques that take into account random effects to investigate the effect of corruption on savings, in addition to examining whether the effect of corruption on savings depends on income levels in the ECOWAS from 1996 to 2012. The results illustrate that lower corruption is associated with higher savings, and the effect of corruption on savings decreases with income level. The results suggest that governments in ECOWAS should employ effective policies that will reduce corruption to raise savings, and raise incomes to reduce the negative effect of corruption on savings. These policies should be complemented with adequate funding of anti-corruption agencies, promotion of an efficient legal system and establishment of special courts tofacilitate the arrest and prosecution of corrupt individuals, including the cooperation of the international community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]